WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM NO. 21

Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Esperance District

by

Gillian F. CraigDavid J. Coates

2001

Department of Conservation and Land ManagementLocked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983

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Department of Conservation and Land ManagementLocked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983

This study was partly funded by the Endangered Species Program, Environment Australia(ESP Project No. 221).

�Department of Conservation and Land ManagementWestern Australia 2001

ISSN 0816-9713

Cover illustration:

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor S.D. Hopperby

Sue Patrick

Editors and page preparation ........................................................................... Angie Walker, Vicki Hamley and Jill PrydeMaps .................................................................................................................... CALM Information Management Branch

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FOREWORD

Western Australian Wildlife Management Programs are a series of publications produced by the Department of

Conservation and Land Management (CALM). The Programs are prepared in addition to Regional Management Plans

to provide detailed information and guidance for the management and protection of certain exploited or threatened

species (e.g. Kangaroos, Noisy Scrub-bird and Rose Mallee).

This Program provides a brief description of the appearance, distribution, habitat and conservation status of flora

declared as rare under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act (Threatened Flora) and poorly known flora

(Priority Flora) in CALM's Esperance District and makes recommendations for research and management action

necessary to ensure their continued survival. By ranking the Declared Rare Flora in priority order according to these

requirements, Departmental staff and resources can be allocated to those taxa most urgently in need of attention.

Priority Flora that are under consideration for declaration as rare are also dealt with, but in less detail than the Declared

Rare Flora. However, the information contained in this Program should assist in the ongoing work of assessing their

conservation status.

This Program has been approved by the Executive Director, Department of Conservation and Land Management, the

National Parks and Nature Conservation Authority and the Minister for the Environment.

Approved programs are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species' status and completion of

recovery actions.

Information in this Plan was accurate at 1992.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following persons are thanked for their assistance and helpful discussions:

Specialist advice and, on occasions, specimen identifications were sought and promptly given by the following:R. Baker (Hakea), M.I.H. Brooker (Eucalyptus), A.P. Brown (Orchidaceae), A.R. Chapman (Leucopogon), R.J.Chinnock (Eremophila), R.S. Cowan (Acacia), R.J. Cranfield (Papilionaceae, general), M.D. Crisp (Chorizema,Daviesia), A.S. George (Dryandra), S.D. Hopper (Eucalyptus), L.A.S. Johnson (Eucalyptus), G.J. Keighery (Daviesia,Gratiola, Opercularia), N.S. Lander (Olearia), T.D. Macfarlane (Papilionaceae), N.G. Marchant (Darwinia), B.R.Maslin (Acacia), A.E. Orchard (Dampiera), M. Pieroni (Dryandra), J. Powell (Leucopogon), B.L. Rye (Rhamnaceae),M.E. Trudgen (Angasomyrtus, Baeckea), H. White (Thysanotus), and P.G. Wilson (Asteraceae, Rutaceae).

CALM staff who provided assistance were: ESPERANCE - K. Tiedemann, B. Haberley, T. Florisson, S. Winton,M. Paxman, P. Bastian, R. France; WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERBARIUM - V. Hamley, S. Curry, S. Carroll,M. Falconer, I. McPharlin, B.S. Mahon, P. Spencer, W. Hanks, C.S. Fang; WILDLIFE BRANCH - K. Atkins,M. O'Donoghue, D. Stefoni and J. Riley.

Others who provided assistance include S. Grein and C.J. Robinson.

Of particular assistance to this project was the Western Australian Herbarium database under the supervision of A.R.Chapman. This system allows scrutiny of rare flora collections held in PERTH, and hard-copy printouts for field andother use.

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ABBREVIATIONS

Alb AlbanyAR Aboriginal ReserveAug AugustaBldr BoulderBR Bruce RockBrktn BrooktonBsltn BusseltonCALM Department of Conservation and Land ManagementCar CarnamahCbk CranbrookCool CoolgardieCor CorriginCrw CoorowDegen. DegeneratedDnmk DenmarkDRF Declared Rare FloraDum DumbleyungDund DundasDwel DwellingupEsp EsperanceGer GeraldtonGno GnowangerupGold GoldfieldsJer JerramungupKal KalgoorlieKat KatanningKon KondininLG Lake GraceManj ManjimupMdg MundaringMen MenziesMer MerredinMetro MetropolitanMRWA Main Roads W.A.MRWA Rd Res. Main Roads W.A. Road ReserveMtM Mt MarshallMur MurrayNar NarroginNor NorthamNP National ParkNR Nature ReserveNthn NorthamptonNun NungarinPart-dist. Part-disturbedPer PerenjoriPilb PilbaraPlgt PlantagenetPost-dist. Post-disturbancePrivate Private PropertyRail Res. Rail ReserveRav RavensthorpeRav Range Ravensthorpe RangeRd Res. Road ReserveRd Verge Road VergeRegen. RegeneratedResearch Stn Research StationSeedl. Seedlings

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Shire Recr. Res. Shire Recreational ReserveShire Res. Shire ReserveShire Rd Res. Shire Road ReserveShire Water Res. Shire Water ReserveTam TamminTimber Res. Timber ReserveTra TrayningUnvested Res. Unvested ReserveVCL Vacant Crown LandVP Victoria PlainsVPF Vermin Proof FenceWal WalpoleWater Res. Water ReserveWest WestoniaYil Yilgarn

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Page

Foreword................................................................. iii

Acknowledgements................................................. iv

Abbreviations........................................................... v

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION.......................... 1

1. The Need for Management................................. 12. Objective of the Program ................................... 13. Rare Flora Legislation and Guidelines for Gazettal 34. CALM's Priority Flora List ................................ 55. Responsibilities within the Department.............. 66. The Esperance District ....................................... 67. Botanical History of the Esperance District ....... 8

PART TWO: DECLARED RARE FLORA IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT .................... 10

Extant Taxa .......................................................... 11Adenanthos eyrei ................................................... 11Adenanthos ileticos................................................ 13Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor ....................... 16Billardiera mollis................................................... 18Boronia revoluta.................................................... 20Caladenia exstans ms ............................................ 22Caladenia voigtii ms.............................................. 24Conostylis lepidospermoides ................................. 26Daviesia microcarpa ............................................. 28Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia ................... 30Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata ........... 32Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms......... 34Eucalyptus cerasiformis......................................... 36Eucalyptus insularis ............................................. 38Eucalyptus merrickiae ........................................... 40Eucalyptus platydisca ms ...................................... 43Kennedia beckxiana............................................... 45Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata ...................... 47Myoporum turbinatum ........................................... 49Myriophyllum petraeum......................................... 51Prostanthera carrickiana....................................... 53Rhizanthella gardneri ............................................ 55Ricinocarpos trichophorus .................................... 57

Presumed Extinct Taxa ....................................... 59Opercularia acolytantha........................................ 59Taraxacum cygnorum ............................................ 61

PART THREE: PRIORITY FLORAIN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT .................... 63

A. Priority One taxa......................................... 64Acacia diaphana ms .............................................. 66Acacia diminuta ms ............................................... 68Acacia dorsenna .................................................... 70Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms....................... 72

Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b)........ 74Allocasuarina globosa ........................................... 76Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra ........................ 78Caladenia tentaculata ............................................ 80Chorizema circinale ............................................... 82Chorizema nervosum.............................................. 84Coleanthera coelophylla ........................................ 86Conostephium marchantiorum............................... 88Conostephium uncinatum....................................... 90Dampiera sericantha ............................................. 92Darwinia calothamnoides ms ................................ 94Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) ........ 96Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman &

S.McNee 1274) ................................................... 98Dicrastylis archeri ............................................... 100Dicrastylis capitellata .......................................... 102Diuris concinna.................................................... 104Dodonaea hexandra............................................. 106Drosera salina ..................................................... 108Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) ...... 110Eremophila chamaephila ..................................... 112Eremophila compressa......................................... 114Eremophila oblonga ms....................................... 116Eriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) .. 118Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms................................ 120Eucalyptus delicata .............................................. 122Eucalyptus jimberlanica ...................................... 124Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa.................... 126Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe

(K.R.Newbey 9715) .......................................... 128Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) ........ 130Gonocarpus pycnostachyus ................................. 132Gonocarpus simplex............................................. 134Gratiola pedunculata ........................................... 136Grevillea phillipsiana .......................................... 138Gyrostemon ditrigynus ......................................... 140Halgania tomentosa ............................................. 142Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe

(K.R.Newbey 8269) .......................................... 144Hydatella australis............................................... 146Hydrocotyle hispidula .......................................... 148Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove

(M.A.Burgman 4419) ........................................ 150Leucopogon blepharolepis................................... 152Leucopogon florulentus ....................................... 154Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill

(K.R.Newbey 9831) .......................................... 155Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill

(M.A.Burgman 1207) ........................................ 157Leucopogon sp. Condingup

(M.A.Burgman 1377) ........................................ 159Leucopogon sp. Coujinup

(M.A.Burgman 1085) ........................................ 161Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock

(M.A.Burgman 1126) ........................................ 163

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Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood(M.A.Burgman 1211)........................................ 165

Leucopogon sp. Munglinup(K.R.Newbey 8123) .......................................... 167

Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp(K.R.Newbey 8173) .......................................... 169

Leucopogon sp. South Coast(K.R.Newbey 8213) .......................................... 171

Melaleuca agathosmoides ................................... 173Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta ...................... 175Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia....................... 177Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup

(M.A.Burgman 3898)........................................ 179Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill

(K.R.Newbey 6546) .......................................... 181Mirbelia densiflora .............................................. 183Myoporum velutinum ms ..................................... 185Otion rigidum ms................................................. 187Persoonia baeckeoides ........................................ 189Phebalium rude subsp. lineare ............................ 191Phlegmatospermum richardsii............................. 193Pimelea halophila................................................ 195Pimelea pelinos.................................................... 197Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont

(K.R.Newbey 7928) .......................................... 199Rulingia tratmannii.............................................. 201Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock

(K.R.Newbey 9677) .......................................... 202Spyridium minutum.............................................. 204Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring

(K.R.Newbey 9773) .......................................... 206Styphelia pulchella .............................................. 208Thysanotus baueri................................................ 210Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla ................... 212

B. Priority Two Taxa ..................................... 214Acacia amyctica................................................... 215Acacia asepala ms ............................................... 217Acacia carnosula ms............................................ 219Acacia castanostegia ms...................................... 221Acacia incanicarpa ms ........................................ 223Acacia kerryana................................................... 225Acacia nitidula..................................................... 227Acacia ophiolithica.............................................. 229Acacia profusa ms ............................................... 231Acacia tetraptera ms............................................ 233Acrotriche patula ................................................. 235Andersonia macranthera ..................................... 237Angasomyrtus salina............................................ 239Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) .... 241Astroloma sp. Grass Patch

(A.J.G.Wilson 110)........................................... 243Banksia epica....................................................... 245Bentleya diminuta ................................................ 247Boronia coriacea ................................................. 249Caesia viscida...................................................... 251Calandrinia porifera............................................ 253Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) ............. 255Chthonocephalus multiceps ................................. 257Comesperma lanceolatum ................................... 259Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum ms.. 261

Dampiera decurrens ............................................ 263Dampiera orchardii ............................................. 265Darwinia luehmanii ............................................. 267Darwinia sp. Peak Charles

(A.S.George 10627) .......................................... 269Daviesia campephylla .......................................... 271Daviesia pauciflora.............................................. 273Dillwynia acerosa ................................................ 275Elachanthus pusillus ............................................ 276Eremophila lactea ................................................ 278Eriostemon apiculatus ......................................... 280Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms........... 282Eucalyptus litorea ................................................ 284Eucalyptus misella ............................................... 286Eucalyptus pterocarpa ......................................... 288Eucalyptus spreta ms ........................................... 290Gastrolobium heterophyllum ............................... 292Gastrolobium rigidum.......................................... 294Goodenia quadrilocularis .................................... 296Goodenia trichophylla ......................................... 298Grevillea superba................................................. 300Haegiela tatei....................................................... 302Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) ....... 304Isopogon alcicornis.............................................. 306Lasiopetalum maxwellii ....................................... 308Lepyrodia fortunata ms........................................ 310Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) ............... 312Leucopogon interruptus ....................................... 314Leucopogon multiflorus ....................................... 316Leucopogon pleurandroides ................................ 318Leucopogon rotundifolius .................................... 320Levenhookia pulcherrima .................................... 322Melaleuca fissurata.............................................. 324Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa..................... 326Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe

(M.A.Burgman 4018) ........................................ 328Microcorys virgata............................................... 329Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe

(M.A.Burgman 2154) ........................................ 331Olearia laciniifolia............................................... 333Opercularia hirsuta ............................................. 335Opercularia rubioides.......................................... 337Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) ...... 339Patersonia inaequalis .......................................... 341Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) ..... 343Phlegmatospermum eremaeum ............................ 345Pimelea graniticola.............................................. 347Scaevola brookeana ............................................. 349Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum........ 351Stipa exilis............................................................ 353Thysanotus brachyantherus ................................. 355Thysanotus parviflorus......................................... 357Trachymene croniniana ....................................... 359C. Priority Three Taxa................................... 361Acacia eremophila var. variabilis ........................ 362Acacia euthyphylla ms ......................................... 364Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa ........................... 366Acacia octonervia ................................................ 368Acacia pritzeliana ................................................ 370Acacia singula ..................................................... 373Adenanthos gracilipes.......................................... 375

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Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa............ 377Banksia lullfitzii ................................................... 379Boronia fabianoides ............................................ 381Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula ms ........... 383Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi .......... 385Chorizema ulotropis ............................................ 387Cypselocarpus haloragoides ............................... 389Dicrastylis obovata .............................................. 391Dodonaea trifida ................................................. 393Dryandra viscida ................................................. 395Eremophila purpurascens.................................... 397Eucalyptus brockwayi.......................................... 399Eucalyptus creta .................................................. 401Eucalyptus exigua................................................ 403Eucalyptus famelica............................................. 405Eucalyptus histophylla......................................... 407Eucalyptus ovularis ............................................. 409Eucalyptus semiglobosa ...................................... 411Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) .... 413Grevillea aneura.................................................. 415Hakea bicornata .................................................. 417Hopkinsia adscendens ms.................................... 419Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum ................................ 421Leucopogon apiculatus........................................ 423Leucopogon brevicuspis ...................................... 425Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella.......................... 427Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides........ 429Myriocephalus appendiculatus ............................ 431Persoonia scabra ................................................. 433Pityrodia chrysocalyx .......................................... 435Platysace haplosciadia ........................................ 437Pomaderris intangenda ....................................... 439Siegfriedia darwinioides ...................................... 441Sphenotoma parviflorum ..................................... 443Verticordia verticordina ...................................... 445

PART FOUR: THE PLAN FORMANAGEMENT ............................................... 447

1. Determining Priorities .................................... 4472. Management and Research Actions ............... 447

(i) Small declining populations................ 447(ii) Accidental destruction during road/

rail/public utility maintenance............. 447(iii) Invasive weeds .................................... 448(iv) Grazing ............................................... 448(v) Mining activities ................................. 449(vi) Phytophthora dieback......................... 449(vii) Land clearing and associated

agricultural activities........................... 449(viii) Liaison with landholders..................... 449(ix) Land acquisition.................................. 450(x) Survey taxa ......................................... 450(xi) Resurvey and mapping of known

populations.......................................... 450(xii) Monitoring of populations .................. 451(xiii) Research in particular fire and

disturbance ecology ............................ 451(xiv) Seed collection, storage and

propagation ......................................... 452(xv) Re-establishment in suitable

habitats in the wild .............................. 4523. Priority Flora in the Esperance District .......... 4524. Assistance from Volunteers and

Information Systems ................................. 452(i) Rare flora volunteers ........................... 452(ii) District recording systems ................... 453(iii) Herbarium specimens .......................... 453

5. Conservation and Management of Special Areas ............................................ 453

6. Implementation and Term of the Management Program............................... 453

REFERENCES................................................... 464

GLOSSARY........................................................ 471

TABLES1. CALM Managed Public Lands in the

Esperance District............................................... 62. Esperance District Declared Rare Flora

Scored (1-3) According to the Degree of Threat orUrgency for Management and ResearchAction ............................................................. 454

3. Esperance District Declared Rare FloraRanked in Priority Order for Protection andManagement Action ....................................... 456

4. Priority One, Two and Three Species Listswith Recommended Status Indicated.............. 457

5 Declared rare and Poorly Known Flora in theEsperance District as at 1992. Conservation Statusupdated to December 1999............................. 461

FIGURES1. Location of the Esperance District in

relation to other CALM ManagementRegions of the State............................................ 2

2. The Esperance District covered by thisProgram .............................................................. 4

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

1. The Need for Management

Western Australia has a unique flora, world renowned for its diversity and high level of endemism. WACENSUS, thedatabase of plant names for the State, lists 12 442 current taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and phrase names) (July1997) with the total likely to exceed 13 000 once botanists have completed surveying, searching and describing theflora. A significant proportion of the Western Australian total is concentrated in the south-west of the State, where thereis also a large number of endemics due to a long history of isolation and climatic and geological stability (Hopper 1979).According to Briggs and Leigh (1996) the State has 45.9 percent of the Australian total of threatened, rare or poorlyknown plant taxa, with 79 percent of these restricted to the south-west. Nearly 2 000 Western Australian taxa arecurrently listed as threatened or have been placed on the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s (CALM)Flora Priority List because they are rare or poorly known (K. Atkins, personal communication).

Although some plants are rare because of their requirement for a specific restricted habitat, the majority have becomerare or threatened because of the activities of humans. Extensive land clearing and modification of the environmenthave resulted in the extinction of some species and threaten the survival of many others. Continued land clearing, plantdiseases (particularly due to Phytophthora species), exotic weeds and pests, road works, urbanisation, grazing bydomestic stock and increasing salinity continue to threaten the flora.

The State Conservation Strategy, Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and Conservation and Land Management Act 1984provide the guidelines and legislative basis for the conservation of the State's indigenous plant and animal species.CALM is responsible for the administration of the Wildlife Conservation Act, and hence, is responsible for theprotection and conservation of flora and fauna on all lands and waters throughout the State. Section 23F of the Actgives the Minister responsible for the Act statutory responsibility for the protection of those plant taxa declared to berare (i.e. threatened taxa).

This Wildlife Management Program collates the available biological and management information on the Declared RareFlora, and Priority One, Two and Three (poorly known) taxa of CALM's Esperance District, as at October 1992. In1992, 271 extant taxa were listed as Declared Rare Flora and a further 43 taxa were listed on the Schedule as presumedextinct. In addition to those taxa declared to be rare, some 1 408 taxa were listed on CALM's Priority Flora List as atOctober 1992. The majority of these taxa require further detailed survey to accurately assess their conservation status.Brown et al. (1998) provide illustrations of declared rare (threatened) flora as at 1998.

This District has been relatively poorly surveyed botanically, particularly for rare and threatened taxa. Figure 1 showsthe location of the Esperance District in relation to the CALM management regions of the State.

2. Objective of the Program

The objective of this Program for the Esperance District is:

To ensure and enhance, by appropriate management, the continued survival in the wild of populations of Declared RareFlora and other plants in need of special protection.

It aims to achieve this by:

* providing a useful reference for CALM staff and other land managers for the day-to-day management andprotection of Declared Rare Flora populations and populations of other taxa which are poorly known and may beat risk;

* directing Departmental resources within the Region to those taxa most urgently in need of attention;

* assisting in the identification of Declared Rare taxa and other taxa potentially at risk, and their likely habitats;

* fostering an appreciation and increased awareness of the importance of protecting and conserving Declared RareFlora and other taxa potentially at risk or in need of special protection.

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Figure 1. Location of the Esperance District in relation to other CALM Management Regions of the State(map not available)

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3. Rare Flora Legislation and Guidelines for Gazettal

The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 protects all classes of indigenous flora throughout the State. Protected floraincludes:

Spermatophyta - flowering plants, conifers and cycadsPteridophyta - ferns and fern alliesBryophyta - mosses and liverwortsThallophyta - algae, fungi and lichens

Section 23F of the Act provides special protection to those taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, hybrids) considered bythe Minister to be:

* In danger of extinction - the taxon is in serious risk of disappearing from the wild state within one or two decadesif present land use and other causal factors continue to operate;

* Rare - less than a few thousand adult plants of the taxon existing in the wild;

* Deemed to be threatened and in need of special protection - the taxon is not presently in danger of extinction butis at risk over a longer period through continued depletion, or occurs largely on sites likely to experience changesin land use which could threaten its survival in the wild;

or

* Presumed Extinct - taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified over the past 50 years despitethorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently.

In addition hybrids or suspected hybrids which satisfy the above criteria also must be:

* a distinct entity, that is, the progeny are consistent with the agreed taxonomic limits for that taxon group;

* capable of being self perpetuating, that is, not reliant on the parental taxa for replacement; and

* the product of a natural event, that is, both parents are naturally occurring and cross fertilisation was by naturalmeans.

Protection under section 23F is achieved by declaring them to be 'rare' by notice published in the Government Gazette.CALM's Policy Statement No. 9 discusses the legislation relating to Declared Rare Flora and outlines the criteria forgazettal.

Under the provisions of Section 23F, the 'taking' of Declared Rare Flora by any person on any category of landthroughout the State is prohibited without the written consent of the Minister. A breach of the Act is liable to a penaltyof up to $10,000. The legislation refers only to wild growing populations and applies equally to government officersand private citizens on Crown and private land.

To 'take' in relation to flora includes 'to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to causeor permit the same to be done by any means'. This includes not only direct destruction or injury by human hand ormachine but also such activities as allowing grazing by stock, introducing pathogens, altering water tables so as toinundate or deprive the flora of adequate soil moisture, allowing air pollutants to harm foliage, and burning.

The Schedule published in the Government Gazette is revised annually to accommodate additions and deletions to thelist of Declared Rare Flora.

* the taxon (species, subspecies, variety) is well-defined, readily identified and represented by a voucher specimenin a State or National Herbarium. It need not be necessarily be formally described under conventions in theInternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature, but such a description is preferred and should be undertaken assoon as possible after listing on the Schedule;

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Figure 2. The Esperance District covered by this Program(Map not available)

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* the taxon must have been thoroughly searched for in most likely habitats in the wild by competent botanistsduring the past five years;

* the searches have established that the plant in the wild is either rare, endangered or deemed to be threatened andin need of special protection, or it is presumed extinct.

Plants may be deleted from the Rare Flora Schedule where:

* recent botanical survey has shown that the taxon is no longer rare, endangered or in need of special protection;

* the taxon is shown to be a hybrid that does not comply with the inclusion criteria;

or

* the taxon is no longer in danger of extinction because it has been adequately protected by reservation of land onwhich it occurs or because population numbers have increased beyond the danger point.

4. CALM's Priority Flora List

CALM maintains a Priority Flora List to determine priorities for survey of plants of uncertain conservation status. Thelist comprised 1 398 taxa (at October 1992) that were poorly known and in need of further survey or are adequatelysurveyed but in need of monitoring. The poorly known taxa are possibly at risk but do not meet the survey requirementsfor gazettal as Declared Rare Flora (DRF), as outlined in Policy Statement No. 9. Only those plants considered to bethreatened on the basis of thorough survey or presumed extinct can be included on the DRF Schedule.

The Priority Flora List is divided into the following categories according to the number of known populations and thedegree of perceived threat.

1: Priority One - Poorly known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either dueto small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat, e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland,active mineral leases, etc., or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral animals, etc. Mayinclude taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa are under consideration for declarationas 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey.

2: Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are notbelieved to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under considerationfor declaration as 'rare flora', but are in urgent need of further survey.

3: Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa

Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediatethreat (i.e. not currently endangered), either due to the number of known populations (generally >5), orknown populations being large, and either widespread or protected. Such taxa are under consideration fordeclaration as 'rare flora' but are in need of further survey.

4: Priority Four - Rare Taxa

Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (inAustralia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every5-10 years.

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5. Responsibilities within the Department

* Reviewing Departmental policy on Declared Rare Flora is the responsibility of the CALM Corporate Executive;

* Identification of Declared Rare Flora is the initial responsibility of Herbarium staff, but should, with appropriatetraining, become a Regional responsibility also;

* Locating Declared Rare Flora is the initial responsibility of Bioconservation Group (CALMScience) staff,Wildlife Branch and the Western Australian Threatened Species and Communities Unit (WATSCU) (NatureConservation Division) and Regional Services Division staff.

* Determination of land status and preparation of material for notification to landowners is the responsibility ofWildlife Branch;

* Hand-delivered notification to landowners of Declared Rare Flora populations is the responsibility of Regionalstaff and Wildlife Branch;

* Maintenance of Declared Rare Flora information and database, and dissemination of these data are theresponsibility of Wildlife Branch;

* Advice on management prescriptions is the responsibility of staff of Bioconservation Group (CALMScience),Regional Ecologists (Regional Services Division), Wildlife Branch and WATSCU staff;

* Coordination of Recovery Plans and Interim Recovery Plans for threatened taxa is the responsibility ofWATSCU;

* Management, protection and regular inspection of Declared Rare Flora populations is the responsibility of staffof the Esperance District;

* Enforcement matters relating to the provisions of the Wildlife Conservation Act are the responsibility of WildlifeOfficers in the South Coast Region;

* Implementation and revision of the management program is the responsibility of the South Coast RegionThreatened Flora and Communities Recovery Team.

6. The Esperance District

The Esperance District lies along the eastern south coast of Western Australia, extending eastwards from the VerminProof Fence to the South Australian border and south of the 31°30' parallel. The District measures about 850 km ineast-west dimension and 170 km on average in north-south dimensions. It includes the Shires of Esperance, Dundas andpart of Ravensthorpe (Figure 2). District administration is based in Esperance.

Esperance is one of the two Districts which make up CALM's South Coast Region. The Esperance District contains sixNational Parks and about 70 Nature Reserves; fourteen of these conservation reserves each cover an area greater than5 000 ha. The Dundas Nature Reserve (780 000 ha), Nuytsland Nature Reserve (625 000 ha) and Cape Arid NationalPark (280 000 ha) are major reserves within the District. The Esperance District has a total area of 14.5 million ha, withnearly 2 million ha being managed by CALM (Table 1).

TABLE 1: CALM Managed Public Lands in the Esperance District (CALM 1991)

Land Tenure Area (ha)National Park 425 460Nature Reserve 1 508 040Timber Reserve 3 720Misc. Reserves 3 800TOTAL 1 941 020

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Agriculture is principally restricted to coastal areas west of Cape Arid, extending for 60 to 80 km inland, except for theSalmon Gums area which is about 140 km north of Esperance at the northern limit (Figure 2). There is about 1.5 millionha of agricultural land in the Esperance District. The main activities are cropping and grazing of sheep and cattle.

Inland, mining is a major activity, especially in the Norseman area. Hatter Hill and Mt Day, located in the north-westernsector of the District, are other areas which attract mining interests. Pastoral leases cover much of the area east ofBalladonia.

Climate

The south coast experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Rainfall decreasesnorthwards and eastwards across the District, from 674 mm per annum at Esperance to 274 mm at Norseman and 263mm at Eucla. Along the coast the maximum rainfall is received between May and October, while inland the rain tendstowards non-seasonality with quantities of rain falling due to summer thunderstorms.

Temperatures are strongly influenced by distance from the coast, with inland parts experiencing a far greater range inmean temperatures than those of Esperance (25� in summer and 7� in winter). In summer, temperatures over 38�C arecommon, but strong sea breezes generally provide a cooling effect close to the coast.

Geology

There are three distinct geological units within the Esperance District. The rocks of all three units have been deeplyweathered and are overlain in part by weathered profiles and relatively recent soils.

The Yilgarn Block, formed 2 600 to 3 100 million years ago, lies in the western sector of the District. It consists of alayered succession of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks which are intruded by granites. Some of theserocks include the economically important "greenstones" which contain gold and nickel; these are mainly seen aroundNorseman.

The Albany-Fraser Province divides the District in a north-south direction and includes the Fraser Range and the areafrom Esperance to Cape Arid. Sediments, derived from the erosion of granites and greenstones, were deposited alongthe margin of the Yilgarn Block 1 200 to 1 400 million years ago. These were then deformed and intruded by bodies ofmolten granite to form various peaks and ranges.

The Bremer and Eucla Sedimentary Basins were formed when the sea encroached over the land in the south coast regionabout 135 million years ago. A broad gulf, referred to as the Bremer Basin, formed in the area of the Nullarbor Plainand sediments dominated by limestone (calcium carbonate) were deposited. To the east of Esperance, spongolite bedsformed from the skeletons of sponges (spicules) which developed in the Bremer Basin.

Physiography and Soils

In the western sector of the Esperance District, apart from the isolated granite hills and low sand dunes, the land surfaceis very flat and rises from sea level to a height of about 150 m. Near the coast, river drainages are well developed,forming steep gorges and river terraces. A small coastal plain is developed in Esperance Bay and is backed by a lowescarpment (about 45 m).

The coast is indented by numerous rock headlands, with Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid rising to about 350 m above sealevel. Offshore, numerous small, steep, rocky islands and reefs, form the Archipelago of the Recherche, and extend for60 km to the edge of the continental shelf (Morgan and Peers 1973).

Inland on the laterised plateau, chains of small, interconnected salt lakes have formed from internal drainage. In thesouth, the clay pans are static, rounded, and give rise to semi-permanent, freshwater swamps. Surrounding areas aredominated by yellow duplex soils. Northwards, clay pans have developed which are saline, elongated and show a north-north-westerly migration (Morgan and Peers 1973).

The Lake Hope-Lake Johnston area, in the north-west sector of the District, is gently undulating with the higher groundseparated by ill-defined water courses subject to sheet flooding. The broad valleys containing the lakes are products ofrivers that originally flowed into the Eucla Basin. The lakes are shaped by the prevailing westerly winds; the eastern

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margins have dunes and small salt lakes, while the western side is actively eroded producing rock outcrops. There issubstantial variation in the soil types including red earths, red duplex soils, yellow sands and red and yellow duplexsoils. The only areas of significant relief are the Bremer Range (max. 100 m) and Fitzgerald Peaks, which include PeakCharles (654 m) and Peak Eleanora (503 m) (Gower and Bunting 1976).

In the northern sector vast plains are interspersed with low rugged ranges and hills, particularly in the vicinity ofNorseman and in the Fraser Range (over 300 m). Yellow sands occur on the laterite residuals. Generally the country isgently undulating, with internal drainage towards broad valleys of red earth which contain salt lakes. The elongated saltlake beds are surrounded by loamy calcareous soils.

To the east lies the Bunda Plateau which slopes gently southwards from about 150 m above sea level to about 90 m.The flatness is largely inherited from the flatness of the Tertiary sea floor and has been perpetuated by uniform erosion.Projecting above the plains are inliers of Proterozoic rocks, for example Mt Ragged which is composed of quartzite.The surface of the limestone plateau is characterised by low stony ridges separated by clay flats. Soils are dominated byshallow calcareous loams. A scarp, known as the Hampton Range, has formed at the southern margin of the plateau.South of the scarp is a low-lying coastal plain which has chains of elongated lagoons and modern coastal sand dunesalong the fringe (Doepel and Lowry 1970, Lowry 1971, Lowry and Doepel 1974).

Vegetation

Parts of the South-West Botanical Province, the Eremaean Botanical Province, and the South Western Interzone liewithin the Esperance District.

The South-West Botanical Province occupies the south-west of the State, extending from Shark Bay to near IsraeliteBay. Characteristic vegetation includes heath, thicket, mallee, woodland and forest. The Eyre Botanical Districtoccupies a narrow strip along the south coast with scrub and mallee-heath communities dominating. To the north liesthe Roe Botanical District which typically has mallee, scrub-heath and Allocasuarina thickets.

The Eremaean Botanical Province dominates Western Australia, comprising the arid central portion which ischaracterised by hummock grassland, scrub and low woodland. The Eucla Botanical District occupies the south-eastcorner of the State, extending eastwards from about Caiguna. Low trees of Acacia papryocarpa, A. aneura andAllocasuarina cristata grow near the coast with a bluebush steppe of Maireana sedifolia and annual grasses and herbsgrading to a treeless centre.

The South Western Interzone lies between the above two Provinces and encompasses the Coolgardie Botanical District.Norseman and Eyre are included in this District which is dominated by eucalypt woodlands. On calcareous soils thewoodlands become more open and a saltbush-bluebush understorey appears. Sandplains are characterised by scrub-heath and Allocasuarina thickets.

7. Botanical History of the Esperance District

The Frenchman, Labillardiere, was the naturalist of the d'Entrecasteaux expedition who visited the south coast with thecorvettes La Recherche and L'Esperance. In December 1792, they were compelled by bad weather to lay anchor for aweek near Esperance Bay. Plant collections were made from a small island within the Bay, as well as the mainland.

Matthew Flinders sailed along the south coast of Western Australia on the Investigator with the botanist, Robert Brown,artist, Ferdinand Bauer, and gardener and conservator, Peter Good, aboard. They collected plants from King GeorgeSound during December 1801, and the next month headed east, landing at Lucky Bay and the Archipelago of theRecherche between 10 and 18 January 1802. Brown travelled west as far as Cape Le Grand, and also visited MondrainIsland and Middle Island where he collected 29 species. Many of the localities in Brown's diaries have had to beinterpreted as Flinders did not name many of the islands and capes until after the voyage. The diaries are on very poorpaper and written in bad quality ink or pencil. Most entries are mere notes on plants and carelessly written (Mabberley1985). This has implications for the current List of Priority Flora as a few of the taxa on the List have not beenrediscovered since Robert Brown collected them.

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Excursions to Lucky Bay and Cape Arid were made by W. Baxter who collected for Henchman between 1823 and 1825,and in 1829.

John Septimus Roe, Surveyor-General, travelled from Avon to the South Coast in 1848-49 and collected plants on thejourney. He reached the Pallinup River in October 1848, then headed eastwards where he named the Bremer Range andFitzgerald Peaks (includes Peak Charles) after the then Governor, Charles Fitzgerald. Roe continued eastwards via MtRidley and Mt Ney (named after a horse) until he reached the Russell Range, then returned along the coastline reachingKing George Sound in January 1849.

James Drummond was curator of the Botanic Gardens in Cork, Ireland, before emigrating to the Swan River Colony. In1848, he and Maxwell explored the country between Bremer Bay and Mid Mt Barren, the eastern limit of Drummond'sexcursions. Maxwell later collected on his own, with some of his travels extending "towards the Great Bight".

The overland expedition of Sir John Forrest from Western Australia to Adelaide via Eucla provided some species in1870. At a later date important collections were sent by Dempster from between his stations at Esperance and Fraser'sRange. Sarah Therese Brooks, who lived at Israelite Bay and later at Balbinia (about 40 km north of Mt Ragged), alsocontributed many plants. It is believed that she sent hundreds if not thousands of specimens to Dr Ferdinand vonMueller in Victoria. Dr Mueller was collaborating with George Bentham who, in 1861, had started to write the sevenvolumes of Flora Australiensis. In naming species of Hakea and Scaevola after Miss Brooks, Mueller misspelt hername and gave it in the form brookeanus (Hamersley, in Carr and Carr 1981).

In October-November 1901, Ludwig Diels travelled from Coolgardie along the direct road to Esperance Bay, partlythrough still unexplored country. Cecil R.P. Andrews, an education administrator, collected along the same road in1904, as well as along the road from the Stirling Range to Esperance. The prospector, Frank Hann, travelled fromCoujinup Hill northwards then east to the Bremer Range in 1901, naming the Johnston Lakes after the Surveyor-General, H.F. Johnston. Nine years later, Hewby and May travelled a more southern route via Coujinup Hill, south ofLake Tay to Peak Charles. A number of the Rare and Priority Flora are located along these old, now largely overgrownroutes.

The Government botanists, Charles A. Gardner (1929-1961) and R.D. Royce (1962-1975), collected widely through thearea. The Australian Geographical Society, on their expedition to the Archipelago of the Recherche, was accompaniedby J.H. Willis who wrote accounts of the islands and their flora (Willis 1953, 1959). During the 1960s, John S. Beardsurveyed the eastern south coast region to prepare his vegetation maps and explanatory memoirs which are largelyinterpreted from aerial photographs (Beard 1969, 1973a, 1973b). A party from the University of Adelaide worked fromIsraelite Bay to Esperance in the spring of 1968 and is understood to have made large collections (Beard 1973a).

The proposed release of land for agriculture in the 1980s prompted a number of botanical surveys to be carried out.Mark Burgman and Ken Newbey extensively surveyed land north of the existing farmland, extending east of the VerminProof Fence to near the west boundary of Cape Arid National Park (Burgman 1985a, 1985b, Newbey 1983, Burgmanand Newbey 1990). The Mt Beaumont area was also surveyed by Eleanor Bennett (1983). Burgman and Newbey(1990) found that of the 1 351 vascular plants identified in their survey area, 20 per cent were undescribed taxa and 11per cent were considered to be rare, geographically restricted or very poorly known. Subsequently, many of the taxa onthe Declared Rare and Priority Flora Lists have been included because of these studies.

Some of the contemporary botanists and collectors who have significantly added to our knowledge on the flora in theEsperance District include William Archer, Keith Bradby, Ian Brooker, Andrew Brown, Rhonda Bruhn, RobertChinnock, Ray Cranfield, Michael Crisp, Thelma Daniell, Alex George, Bernie Haberley, Stephen Hopper, NevilleMarchant, Doug Monk, Laurie Johnston, Greg Keighery, Nathan McQuoid, Bernie Norris, Ria Panhuysen, JocelynPowell, Libby Sandiford, Ian Solomon, Coral Turley, Malcolm Trudgen, Arthur Weston, Paul Wilson and Don Voigt.

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Newbey, K.R. (1983). Some important plant species in natural areas north of agricultural areas between Ravensthorpeand Esperance. Unpublished report.

Olde, P. (1986). New names in Grevillea. Australian Plants 13(108), 362.

Olde, P.M. & Marriott, N.R. (1993). New species and taxonomic changes in Grevillea (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 9(2), 298-302.

Orchard, A.E. (1975). Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 10, 251-252.

Orchard, A.E. (1985). Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in Australasia. II. The Australian species. Brunonia 8, 247-249.

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Orchard, A.E. (1990). Haloragaceae. In: George, A.S. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Vol. 18. Australian GovernmentPublishing Service, Canberra, pp 55, 58.

Orchard, A.E. (1993). Gonocarpus pycnostachyus (F.Muell.) Orch. (Haloragaceae) rediscovered. Muelleria 8(1), 27-29.

Paterson, B.R. (1960). Revision of the genus Acrotriche R.Br. (Epacridaceae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society ofNew South Wales 85(1), 85-86.

Perry, G. (1992). Assessment of "Declared Rare and Priority Flora List". Interim Report. WA Herbarium, Department ofConservation and Land Management, Como, W.A.

Quinn, F.C., Cowley, K.J., Barlow, B.A. & Thiele, K.R. (1992). New names and combinations for some Melaleuca(Myrtaceae) species and subspecies from the south-west of Western Australia considered rare or threatened. Nuytsia 8,340-342, 348-350.

Rajput, M.T.M. & Carolin, R.C. (1988). The genus Dampiera (Goodeniaceae): systematic arrangement, nomenclaturalnotes and new taxa. Telopea 3(2), 197-198, 203-204.

Rajput, M.T.M. & Carolin, R.C. (1992). Dampiera. In: George, A.S. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Vol. 35. AustralianGovernment Publishing Service, Canberra, pp 68, 72.

Robinson, C.J. & Coates, D.J. (1995). Declared rare flora and other plants in need of special protection in the AlbanyDistrict. Wildlife Management Program No. 20. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra, and Department ofConservation and Land Management, Como, W.A.

Rye, B.L. (1988). A revision of Western Australian Thymelaeaceae. Nuytsia 6(2), 154-155, 177-181.

Rye, B.L. (1989). A new species of Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae) from south-western Australia. Nuytsia 7(1), 59-62.

Rye, B.L. & Hopper, S.D. (1981). A guide to the gazetted rare flora of Western Australia. Report No. 42. Department ofFisheries and Wildlife, Western Australia.

Sainsbury, R.M. (1987). A field guide to isopogons and petrophiles. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, p.4.

Sampson, J.F. & Hopper (1990). Endangered poison plants of Western Australia. Final Report World Wildlife FundProject P105. World Wildlife Fund Australia and Department of Conservation and Land Management, Como, W.A., pp33-36.

Short, P.S. (1990). A revision of the genus Chthonocephalus Steetz (Asteraceae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae). Muelleria 7(2),225.

Short, P.S. & Wilson, P.G. (1990). Haegiela, a new genus of Australian Asteraceae (Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae), with noteson the genus Epaltes Cass. Muelleria 7(2), 259-265.

Strid, A. (1986). New species of Leucopogon and Conostephium (Epacridaceae) from SW Australia. Willdenowia 16,178-180.

Syeda, S.T. (1980). Three new species of Calandrinia (Portulacaceae) from inland Australia. Telopea 2(1), 59-61.

Taylor, A. (1985). Banksia atlas. Interim Map Series II. Western Australian Wildlife Research Centre, Wanneroo.

Taylor, J.M & Crisp, M.D. (1992). A revision of Chorizema (Leguminosae: Mirbelieae). Australian Systematic Botany5, 287-293, 312-315.

Trudgen, M.E. & Keighery, G.J. (1983). Angasomyrtus, a new genus of Myrtaceae (Leptosperminae) from WesternAustralia. Nuytsia 4(3), 435-439.

van der Moezel, P.G. (1987). A new species of Conostephium (Epacridaceae) from south-western Western Australia.Nuytsia 6, 47-50.

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Vickery, J. (1980). Four new species of Stipa (Poaceae). Telopea 2, 13.

Vickery, J.W., Jacobs, S.W.L. & J. Everett, J. (1986). Taxonomic studies in Stipa (Poaceae) in Australia. Telopea 3(1),56-57.

Watson, L. (1962). A taxonomic revision of the genus Andersonia R.Br. (Epacridaceae). Kew Bulletin 16, 101-102.

West, J.G. (1984a). A revision of Dodonaea Mueller (Sapindaceae) in Australia. Brunonia 7, 136-138, 183, 192.

West, J.G. (1984b). A revision of Dodonaea Miller (Sapindaceae). Brunonia 7(1), 131-132, 181, 192.

Willis, J.H. (1952). Notes on some Australian Compositae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 62(11),101-108.

Willis, J.H. (1953). The Archipelago of the Recherche, Part 3a, land flora. Australian Geographical Society Reports 1.

Willis, J.H. (1959). Plants of the Recherche Archipelago, Western Australia. Muelleria 1, 97-101.

Wilson, K.L. & Johnson, L.A.S. (1989). Casuarinaceae. In: George, A.S. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Vol. 3. AustralianGovernment Publishing Service, Canberra, pp 134-136, 139-140, 196.

Wilson, P.G. (1970). A taxonomic revision of the genera Crowea, Eriostemon and Phebalium (Rutaceae). Nuytsia 1, 35-36, 97- 99, 119.

Wilson, P.G. (1971). Taxonomic notes on the family Rutaceae, principally of Western Australia. Nuytsia 1, 201-206.

Wrigley, J.H. & Fagg, M. (1989). Banksias, waratahs and grevilleas. Collins Publishers, Australia.

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GLOSSARY

achene a small, dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit

acute terminating in a distinct but not protracted point, the converging edges separated by an angle of less than 90o

aeolian wind blown

alternate of leaves or other lateral organs, borne singly at different heights on the axils

annual a plant whose life span ends within one year after germination

anther that part of the stamen which contains the pollen

aril a fleshy appendage of the seed, growing near the seed stalk

awn a bristle-like appendage

axil the angle between a leaf or bract and the axis bearing it. adj. axillary

beak a prominent terminal projection

bract a leaf-like structure, different in form from foliage leaves and without an axillary bud, associated with an inflorescence or flower

bracteoles a small bract-like structure borne singly or in pairs on the stalk or calyx of a flower

calyx the sepals of one flower collectively

callus a hard thickened part, e.g. on the labellum of some orchids; adj. callous

capsule a dry fruit formed from two or more united carpels and dehiscing at maturity to release seeds

cilia in higher plants, hairs more or less confined to the margins of an organ; adj. ciliate

claw a narrow, stalk-like basal portion of a petal, sepal or bract

concave curved like the inside of a sphere or circle

corolla the petals of a flower collectively

corymb an inflorescence in which the lowest flower stalks continue to grow until they reachapproximately the same level as the terminal one, so that all the flowers are brought to thesame level; the oldest flowers are at the edges

culm the stem of grasses, usually hollow except at the nodes

cyme an inflorescence in which each flower, in turn, is formed at the tip of a growing axis and further flowers are formed on branches arising below it; oldest flowers are in the centre not on the edges

deciduous falling seasonally

decussate in pairs, with successive pairs borne at right angles to each other

dehiscent breaking open at maturity to release the contents

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disc a plate or rim of tissue, derived from the receptacle of a flower, occurring between whorls of floral parts

elliptic oval in outline, widest at the centre

ephemeral a short-lived plant

exserted protruding

filament the stalk of a stamen

floret a grass flower, together with the lemma and palea that enclose it (often applied to flowers in Cyperaceae and Asteraceae)

free not fused or united (with other organs)

fruit the seed-bearing structure in angiosperms formed from the ovary after flowering

genus a group of species believed to be related phylogenetically and usually clearly separable from other such groups, or a single species without close relatives; pl. genera

gland a structure, without or on the surface of the plant, with a secretory function

glandular bearing glands; functioning as a gland

glaucous blue-green in colour, with a whitish bloom

glume a dry, scaly bract

habit the growth form of a plant, comprising its size, shape, texture and orientation

habitat the environment in which the plant lives

herb any vascular plant that never produces a woody stem

herbaceous not woody; soft in texture

hybrid an offspring of genetically different parents

indusium a cup enclosing the stigma

inflorescence the group or arrangement in which flowers are borne on a plant

internode the portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves or leaf pairs (or branches of an inflorescence)

involucre a whorl of bracts surrounding the head of a flower and rising from its base

keel applied to the two front-united petals of a flower in Papilionaceae

keeled of leaves or bracts, folded and ridged along the midrib; ridged like the keel of a boat

labellum a lip; in Orchidaceae, the distinctive median petal that serves as an alighting platform forpollinating insects

lanceolate of a leaf, about four times as long as broad, broadest at the lower half and tapering towards the tip

leaflet one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf

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legume a fruit characteristic of the families Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Papilionaceae, formed from one carpel and either dehiscing along both sides, or indehiscent

lignotuber a woody swelling below or just above the ground, containing adventitious buds from which new shoots develop if the top of the plant is cut or burnt

ligule the apical part of a petal in the flowers of Sterculiaceae; the strap-shaped petal-like corollaof the outer florets in the heads of Asteraceae; a membranous of ciliate projection from thejunction of the leaf-sheath and the blade in a grass

linear very narrow in relation to the length, and with the sides parallel

mallee a growth habit in which several woody stems arise separately from a lignotuber (usually applied to shrubby eucalypts)

midrib the central, and usually the most prominent, vein of a leaf or leaf-like organ

nerve a vein

node the level (transverse plane) of a stem at which one or more leaves arise

oblanceolate similar in shape to lanceolate but attached at the narrower end

oblong having the length greater than the width but not many times greater, and the sides parallel

obovate similar in shape to ovate but attached at the narrower end

obtuse blunt or rounded at the apex, the converging edges separated by an angle greater than 90degrees

orbicular circular or nearly so

ovate shaped like a section through a long axis of an egg, and attached by the wider end

panicle a compound raceme; an indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on branches of the main axis or on further branches of these

pappus a tuft (or ring) of hairs or scales borne above the ovary and outside the corolla in Asteraceae

pedicel the stalk of a flower

peduncle the stalk of an inflorescence

perennial a plant whose life-span extends over more than two growing seasons

perianth the calyx and corolla of a flower, especially where the two are similar

petal a member of the inner whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower, usually soft and coloured conspicuously

phyllode a leaf whose blade is much reduced or absent, and whose petiole and rachis have assumed the function of a whole leaf

pod a leguminous fruit

prostrate lying flat on the ground

raceme an indeterminate inflorescence in which a main axis produces a series of flowers on the lateral stalks, the oldest at the base and the youngest at the top

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recurved curved or curled downwards or backwards

scale a reduced or rudimentary leaf

sepal a member or the (usually green) outer whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower

sessile without a stalk

shrub a woody plant less than 5 m tall, either without a distinct main axis, or with branches persisting on the main axis almost to its base

species a taxon comprising individuals, or populations of individuals, capable of interbreeding toproduce fertile offspring; the largest group of individuals between which there are no distinguishable, consistentdifferences in form or reproductive mechanisms

spike an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are without stalks

spine a stiff, sharp-pointed structure, formed by modification of a plant organ

spinescent ending in a spine; modified to form a spine

stamen the male organ of seed-forming plants, consisting of the pollen bearing anther and supported by the filament

staminode a sterile stamen

standard the posterior petal in the flower in Papilionaceae

stellate star-shaped; consisting of star-shaped cells

stigma the female part of the flower which receives the pollen and is supported by the style

style the stalk joining the stigma to the ovary

taxon a group or category, at any level, in a system for classifying plants or animals

trifoliolate having three leaflets

tepal a segment or unit of a perianth that is not clearly differentiated into calyx or corolla

umbel a racemose inflorescence in which all the individual flower stalks arise in a cluster at thetop of the peduncle and are of about equal length

venation the arrangement of veins in a leaf

wing a membranous expansion of a fruit or seed, which aids dispersal; a thin flange of tissue extended beyond the normal outline of a stem or petiole; a lateral petal of a flower in Papilionaceae

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PART FOUR: THE PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT

1. Determining Priorities

This section assesses the conservation status of each species of Declared Rare Flora (DRF) within the Esperance Districtand makes recommendations for protection, research and management. On the basis of these recommendations, eachspecies was ranked on a scale of 1 to 3 under 15 categories (Table 2) recognised as potential threats or managementrequirements. Species with a low degree of threat or urgency for management and research action were given a score of1. Those with a high degree of threat were allocated a score of 3. Species neither threatened nor in need of action weremarked with a dash. The scores were summed for each of the 23 species and for each threat/requirement category.Table 2 summarises the perceived threats, and management and research requirements for each species of extant DRF inthe Esperance District.

Table 3 lists the 23 species of extant DRF in priority order according to the urgency of their requirement formanagement action. Species with a high ranking score are most threatened and/or most in need of action. It is intendedthat all requirements for each species, as outlined in the previous species treatments, will be implemented. Work will beconducted, programmed or deferred according to priority, available funds and existing resources and workloads.Attention is directed to Table 2 to determine which taxa should have priority for management actions. This will enableresources and staff within the Esperance District to be allocated where they are most urgently required.

Species most in need of attention for a particular management or research requirement can be determined from Table 2.Ranking the categories illustrates which are the most critical threats/management requirements in the District.

2. Management and Research Actions

The following details the threats/management requirements given in Table 2.

(i) Small declining populations

Species were ranked according to the known numbers of plants:

Rank No. of Plants

3 <250 or unknown2 250 - 1 0001 1 000+

A number of species of DRF have very small population sizes making them particularly vulnerable to localiseddisturbance. Species at risk in some or all of their known populations are:

Adenanthos eyreiAnigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor

Caladenia exstans msDaviesia microcarpaEucalyptus insularisEucalyptus merrickiaeLambertia echinataMyoporum turbinatumRhizanthella gardneri

(ii) Accidental destruction during road/rail/public utility maintenance

A number of populations of DRF and Priority taxa in the Esperance District occur on, or partly on, road and to a lesserextent rail reserves. Except for the areas of recent land release, most road/rail reserves are only one or two chains (20 or40 m) wide, which includes the road itself and one or more public utilities. The narrow reserves are affected, bothdirectly and indirectly, by the use and nature of adjoining lands (predominantly agriculture). Threats include weedinvasion, periodic grazing (road reserves are sometimes used as stock routes), drift of chemical sprays and fertilisers,fenceline maintenance and periodic burning. Being access routes, the vegetation on road reserves can also be affectedby rubbish dumping, uncontrolled vehicle access, wildflower picking and camping. The location of populations of RareFlora in more secure larger patches of remnant vegetation should always be a high priority.

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The majority of road reserves are managed by local authorities or Main Roads W.A., and rail reserves by Westrail.DRF can be accidentally damaged during road works such as maintenance operations (grading, weed control), drainageworks, minor and major road/rail upgrading, metal dumps and gravel/sand extraction. These authorities all use contractpersonnel and equipment as well as permanent staff for these operations. Management and field personnel within Shiresand the two government agencies need to know where the populations of DRF and Priority Flora occur to avoidaccidental destruction of plants. This is carried out currently by notification letters from CALM and the use of linearmarkers in the field.

Above- and below-ground utilities such as power lines, water pipelines and telecommunication lines generally followroad and rail reserves. As many threatened or Priority Flora populations occur on these narrow linear reserves, anymaintenance, upgrading or management of these utilities close to known populations can damage plants. This willgenerally be in the form of mechanical damage to plants by machinery and equipment. However, some agencies controlweeds around poles or along pipelines with residual chemicals, which can kill or damage native plants. Such chemicalsshould not be used adjacent to DRF populations.

Main Roads W.A. has developed a permanent, but discrete field marking system for demarcation of environmentallysignificant areas on road reserves. CALM has adopted this system to mark DRF and Priority Flora populationsoccurring along linear routes both on CALM land and other areas. Local Shires have also been encouraged to adoptsuch a system. However, there can be problems with roadside markers, as many people now recognise them and smallerplants can be trampled by 'tourists' and removed by unscrupulous plant collectors. Populations most urgently in need oflinear marking on road reserves, CALM and other lands are:

Boronia revolutaConostylis lepidospermoidesDaviesia microcarpa Eucalyptus cerasiformisEucalyptus merrickiaeEucalyptus platydisca msMyoporum turbinatum

(iii) Invasive weeds

Invasive weeds pose a significant threat to a some populations particularly those on the narrow road reserves managedby local authorities. In many cases, effective weed control strategies involving herbicide treatments or mechanicalremoval have yet to be developed for most threatened flora populations because of the large number of invasive weedspecies and differences in weed composition between sites. Taxa which should be monitored for invasive weeds are:

Conostylis lepidospermoidesMyoporum turbinatum

(iv) Grazing

DRF populations on private property in the District are generally on farmland where they require protection fromgrazing by domestic stock. In many situations landholders themselves have excluded stock, and in others CALM hasprovided fencing as part of formal agreements. Rabbits are a widespread and often overlooked problem, particularly onsandy soils and granite outcrop areas. Both of these habitats contain many DRF species. Other feral animals (e.g. goats)have been detected in more remote areas. Monitoring of the following taxa is required:

Myriophyllum petraeumRhizanthella gardneri

(v) Mining activities

The mining industry is centred around Norseman, along with pockets of activity in the north-west sector (includingHatter Hill and Mt Day) of the Esperance District. Numerous DRF and Priority taxa occur in these areas and aregenerally poorly surveyed. Mining activities which may affect DRF include exploration (clearing of survey lines,drilling and costean operations), actual mine site establishment, provision of services (road making, power) andincreased recreation activity by mine workers. Close liaison between companies, CALM, the Department of Mineralsand Energy, Department of Environmental Protection and the Environmental Protection Authority is essential. Speciesmost at risk are:

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Boronia revolutaEucalyptus cerasiformis

(vi) Phytophthora dieback

Insufficient data are currently available to accurately assess the impact of the soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthoraspecies, on DRF in the Esperance District. In at least some cases plants not destroyed by direct infection may beseverely affected by resultant structural and ecological changes in ecological communities which have the disease.Disturbances such as road construction are known to promote the spread of the disease, particularly in moist, relativelylow-lying sites unless carried out under strictly controlled hygiene conditions. Any operations in localities likely tosupport the pathogen should be conducted under strict hygiene conditions. Phytophthora poses a very significant threatto the three remaining plants of Lambertia echinata.

(vii) Land clearing and associated agricultural activities

Many threatened taxa within the Esperance District lie within the agricultural zone. Populations may be endangered byclearing of land, installation of firebreaks, spray drift, changes in drainage and/or water tables, and increased nutrients.Other associated threats such as grazing and invasive weeds are discussed above. Species at risk are:

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minorCaladenia exstans msCaladenia voigtii msConostylis lepidospermoidesEucalyptus merrickiaeMyoporum turbinatumMyriophyllum petraeumProstanthera carrickianaRhizanthella gardneri

(viii) Liaison with landholders

Close association and cooperation with private landholders, local authorities, land managers, mining companies andgovernment agencies (e.g. DEP, Ministry for Planning, DOLA, Western Power and Main Roads W.A.) is essential toensure the continued survival of the majority of DRF in the Esperance District. Survival of some taxa currently relies onthe goodwill of local Shires and private landowners. Departmental staff are required to provide advice and assistance,regarding conservation and management, to landholders and other agencies with Rare Flora populations on land undertheir control. Landowners are requested to arrange their operations so that the area of Rare Flora will not be destroyedor damaged in any way. Priority species for staff liaison with landowners or managers are:

Boronia revolutaCaladenia voigtii msConostylis lepidospermoidesDaviesia microcarpaEucalyptus cerasiformisEucalyptus merrickiaeMyoporum turbinatum

(ix) Land acquisition

Acquisition of land by the Department, by donation, exchange or purchase, is required for those species not wellrepresented on conservation reserves. DRF occurring on land reserved for nature conservation are generally consideredto be less threatened than those on land designated for other purposes. It should be noted, however, that their presenceon a reserve contributes to, but does not guarantee, population survival. Reserves, like other areas, are subject todisturbances such as weed invasion, fire, altered drainage and water tables, grazing, disease, and where approved,mining activities.

Species were ranked according to the known number of conservation reserves in which the populations grow:

Rank No. Populations inConservation Reserves

3 nil

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2 11 >1- all

The following are Priority species for land acquisition:

Billardiera mollisBoronia revolutaCaladenia voigtii msDaviesia microcarpaEremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcataEucalyptus cerasiformisEucalyptus platydisca

(x) Survey taxa

Species were ranked according to their known distributional range:

Rank Range

3 <25 km2 25-100 km1 >100 km

Further survey of suitable habitats in the wild to locate other populations is a requirement for almost all of the DRF inthe Esperance District. Two taxa (Adenanthos eyrei and Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia) were found to be verygeographically restricted, but were considered reasonably 'safe' in a conservation reserve. Taxa that are most urgently inneed of intensive field surveys are:

Billardiera mollisDaviesia microcarpaEremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcataEucalyptus platydiscaLambertia echinataMyoporum turbinatumProstanthera carrickiana

(xi) Resurvey and mapping of known populations

For most populations early records and location plans have been very poor, with many only known from herbariumspecimens or vague locations. Although Rare Flora Report Forms and detailed site plans are available for manypopulations there are a number which still require this base-line survey information.

After initial detailed assessment each population in the District should be resurveyed at least once every five years toobserve fluctuations in population numbers and to monitor changes. Species were ranked according to the proportion ofpopulations visited since 1990:

Rank Populations surveyed (since 1990)

3 <25%2 25-75%1 >75%

The following species are in urgent need of mapping and resurvey of known populations:

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minorBillardiera mollisCaladenia exstans msEucalyptus cerasiformisRhizanthella gardneri

(xii) Monitoring of populations

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Surveys to provide information on population dynamics, plant longevity and regeneration, as well monitoring changes inhabitat which may threaten survival are required for all DRF. The following groups of species have highest priority forthe establishment of permanent monitoring plots and for more intense monitoring at regular intervals:

- Species which require specialised annual/biannual monitoring to assess population dynamics:

Drummondita hassellii var. longifoliaMyriophyllum petraeumRhizanthella gardneri

- Short-lived disturbance species which are not generally found in the wild without some disturbance event, andrequire special monitoring to determine their longevity:

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minorBillardiera mollisEremophila denticulata subsp. denticulataEremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcataMyoporum turbinatum

- Species with small population numbers which require at least annual monitoring as any damage or loss of plants mayresult in local extinction:

Boronia revolutaDaviesia microcarpaLambertia echinata

(xiii) Research in particular fire and disturbance ecology

Few of the DRF in the District have been the subject of detailed studies. Research into their taxonomy, genetic systems,population biology and ecology is needed to determine the best means of protecting and managing populations.Response to different fire regimes, drought tolerance, and the impact of bees on native pollinators (particularly ofmembers of the Orchidaceae) require attention. The following species are in most urgent need of research:

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minorDaviesia microcarpaLambertia echinataMyoporum turbinatumRhizanthella gardneri

More specifically a number of taxa, particularly those known from only one or a few localities, require urgent researchon their fire ecology and should where possible be excluded or protected from fire until appropriate fire regimes havebeen developed by both research and regional staff. Taxa which may require protection/exclusion from fire untilspecific fire regimes have been developed are:

Boronia revolutaDrummondita hassellii var. longifoliaLambertia echinataMyoporum turbinatumRhizanthella gardneriRicinocarpus trichophorus

(xiv) Seed collection, storage and propagation

Collection and long-term storage of germ-plasm (seed or tissues) from wild populations of DRF provides a source ofpropagation material for future re-establishment. Priority for collection of this material will depend upon the degree ofthreat to the species. CALM is undertaking work in this area through its Threatened Flora Seed Centre at theHerbarium.

Although conservation of DRF in the wild is the highest priority, all species should ideally be established in agermplasm storage program. This would ensure safety against extinction, particularly for those species known in the

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wild from only a few individuals. Kings Park and Botanic Garden have an active propagation research program andcurrently hold living collections of a number of DRF.

(xv) Re-establishment in suitable habitats in the wild

Taxa poorly represented on conservation reserves and considered critically endangered should be propagated and re-established in suitable, less vulnerable habitats on land designated for nature conservation. Species requiring re-establishment into the wild by CALM staff under approved management programs are:

Daviesia microcarpaLambertia echinata

3. Priority Flora in the Esperance District

The conservation status of the Priority Flora in the Esperance District was assessed in Part 3. Recommended status,based on recent surveys, is listed in Table 4. The priority for conservation action in the Esperance District is:

Poorly known taxa in need of further survey

- Priority One- Priority Two- Priority Three

Taxa requiring monitoring

- Priority Four

4. Assistance from Volunteers and Information Systems

(i) Rare flora volunteers

In recent years CALM has used volunteers to assist with a number of flora surveys including the Banksia Atlas, the RareEucalypt Survey and the Rare Poison Plant Survey. In 1990, CALM initiated a Rare Flora Volunteer Program. TheEsperance District has a list of volunteers who are willing to work on various projects. Currently the WildflowerSociety updates and incorporates flora specimens into the herbarium at the Esperance Office.

A significant number of new populations of DRF and Priority taxa have been located by amateur botanists, eitherindividuals or members of groups such as the Orchid Society, Wildflower Society of Western Australia and theNaturalist's Club. Such groups and individuals should be given every encouragement to continue their good work.

(ii) District recording systems

Confidential registers, with precise locality details of known populations, are maintained in the Esperance District officeand in the central record system at CALM's head office in Como. The register is updated as required. Information onpopulations on CALM land will also be retained on individual nature reserve files.

(iiii) Herbarium specimens

The Western Australian Herbarium has requested voucher specimens from all populations of DRF and Priority species.Specimens of DRF can only be collected with written approval from the Minister. Colour slide photographs of DRF arerequested for the 'DELTA.RED' project, aimed at capturing a computerised image of each threatened taxon.

The District aims to collect a representative specimen of each of its DRF and Priority taxa, to be lodged at the EsperanceOffice with duplicate vouchers in Perth.

5. Conservation and Management of Special Areas

The Esperance District is of national importance due to its diversity of endemic flora. Current records show 25 DRFspecies (includes 2 presumed extinct) and 191 Priority taxa.

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A number of areas have been proposed as conservation reserves. River corridors have been surveyed in 1991 for theYoung River and Lort River to ascertain their potential to act as functional corridors for wildlife and their value asnature reserves in their own right. A number of Priority taxa were found to occur in these corridors, especially near theLort River. Management of these areas, in consultation with local landowners, local authorities and governmentagencies, is required.

Jimberlana Hill and the surrounding area, north-east of Norseman, supports some threatened species. Ongoing liaisonwith mining companies, Dundas Shire and Main Roads W.A., to ensure the conservation of this area is needed.

6. Implementation and Term of the Management Program

A recovery team will be appointed which will oversee and report annually to the Corporate Executive on theimplementation of this Management Program.

This Program will run for a period of 10 years, unless subsequent research or changes to the Schedule of Declared RareFlora cause it to be superseded earlier. During this period, the Department of CALM may institute any changes to theprovisions outlined in this program as are found, through further research, to be necessary for conservation of theDeclared Rare Flora and Priority taxa in the Esperance District.

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TABLE 2. ESPERANCE DISTRICT DECLARED RARE FLORA SCORED (1-3) ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF THREAT OR URGENCY FOR MANAGEMENT ANDRESEARCH ACTION.

THREATS MANAGEMENT ACTIONS

SPECIES

Adenanthos eyrei 3 - - - - 2 - - - 3 1 2 2 3 - 16Adenanthos ileticos 1 2 1 - - 2 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 9Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor* 3 - - 1 - - 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 - 22Billardiera mollis* 2 2 - 1 1 - 1 - 3 3 3 3 2 3 - 24Boronia revoluta 2 3 - - 3 - - 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 - 27Caladenia exstans ms* 3 - - - - - 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 - 20Caladenia voigtii ms 2 - - 1 - - 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 - 21Conostylis lepidospermoides 2 3 1 - - - 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 - 23Daviesia microcarpa 3 3 - 1 - - - 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 29Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia 2 - - - - - - - - 3 1 3 3 3 - 15Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata* 1 2 - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 - 15Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms* 1 - - - - - - - 3 3 2 3 2 3 - 17Eucalyptus cerasiformis 2 3 - - 3 - - 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 - 26Eucalyptus insularis 3 - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 3 - 14

xxxviii

Eucalyptus merrickiae 3 3 - - - - 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 - 23Eucalyptus platydisca ms 1 2 - - 1 - - 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 - 19Kennedia beckxiana* 1 - - - - - - 2 1 2 - 1 1 2 - 10Lambertia echinata 3 - - - - 3 - - - 3 2 3 3 3 3 23Myoporum turbinatum* 3 3 2 1 - - 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 - 29Myriophyllum petraeum 1 - - 2 - - 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 - 16Prostanthera carrickiana 1 - - - - - 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 - 19Rhizanthella gardneri 3 - - 2 - - 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 - 23Ricinocarpos trichophorus 1 - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 3 3 - 15TOTAL 47 26 4 9 8 7 21 35 36 49 42 53 50 61 6

* disturbance opportunist

xxxix

TABLE 3. ESPERANCE DISTRICT DECLARED RARE FLORA RANKED IN PRIORITY ORDER FOR PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT ACTION

Species requiring highest priority (ranked >22)

Rank Total*29 Daviesia microcarpa29 Myoporum turbinatum27 Boronia revoluta26 Eucalyptus cerasiformis24 Billardiera mollis23 Conostylis lepidospermoides23 Eucalyptus merrickiae23 Lambertia echinata23 Rhizanthella gardneri

Species requiring high priority (ranked 19-22)

22 Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor21 Caladenia voigtii ms20 Caladenia exstans ms19 Eucalyptus platydisca ms19 Prostanthera carrickiana

Species requiring medium priority (ranked 14-17)

17 Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms16 Adenanthos eyrei16 Myriophyllum petraeum15 Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia15 Ricinocarpus trichophorus15 Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata14 Eucalyptus insularis

Species recommended for deletion from the Declared Rare Flora List (ranked <14)

10 Kennedia beckxiana 9 Adenanthos ileticos

* Rank totals are derived from the 15 categories of threats/management requirements given in Table 2.

447

TABLE 4. PRIORITY ONE, TWO AND THREE SPECIES LISTS WITH RECOMMENDEDSTATUS INDICATED

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Species Recommended Status___________________________________________________________________________________________

Priority One taxaAcacia diaphana ms P1Acacia diminuta ms P1Acacia dorsenna P1*Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms P1Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b) P1Allocasuarina globosa P1Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra P3Caladenia tentaculata P1Chorizema circinale P1*Chorizema nervosum P4Coleanthera coelophylla P1Conostephium marchantiorum P3Conostephium uncinatum P1Dampiera sericantha P1Darwinia calothamnoides P1Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) P2Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman & S.McNee 1274) P2Dicrastylis archeri P1Dicrastylis capitellata P1Diuris concinna P2Dodonaea hexandra P1Drosera salina P1Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) P1Eremophila chamaephila P2Eremophila compressa P1Eremophila oblonga ms DeleteEriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) P1Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms P1Eucalyptus delicata P3Eucalyptus jimberlanica P1*Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa P1Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 9715) P1Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) P1Gonocarpus pycnostachyus P1Gonocarpus simplex P2Gratiola pedunculata P2Grevillea phillipsiana P1Gyrostemon ditrigynus P3Halgania tomentosa P3Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 8269) P1Hydatella australis P2Hydrocotyle hispidula P2Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove (M.A.Burgman 4419) DeleteLeucopogon blepharolepis P2Leucopogon florulentus P1Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831) P1Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill (M.A.Burgman 1207) P2

_________________________________________*With highest priority for further survey and consideration for gazettal as DRFDelete - species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list

Leucopogon sp. Condingup (M.A.Burgman 1377) P2

448

Leucopogon sp. Coujinup (M.A.Burgman 1085) P1Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1126) Delete Leucopogon

sp. Mount Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211) P3Leucopogon sp. Munglinup (K.R.Newbey 8123) P1Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173) P1Leucopogon sp. South Coast (K.R.Newbey 8213) P1Melaleuca agathosmoides P1Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta P1*Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia P2Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup (M.A.Burgman 3898) P1Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6546) P1Mirbelia densiflora P2Myoporum velutinum ms P2Otion rigidum ms P3Persoonia baeckeoides P1Phebalium rude subsp. lineare P2Phlegmatospermum richardsii P1Pimelea halophila P2Pimelea pelinos P1Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 7928) P1Rulingia tratmanii DeleteScaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey 9677) P1Spyridium minutum DeleteStachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773) P1Styphelia pulchella P3Thysanotus baueri P3Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla P2

Priority Two TaxaAcacia amyctica P3Acacia asepala ms P2Acacia carnosula ms P2Acacia castanostegia ms P3Acacia incanicarpa ms P2Acacia kerryana P1Acacia nitidula P3Acacia ophiolithica P3Acacia profusa ms DeleteAcacia tetraptera ms DeleteAcrotriche patula P3Andersonia macranthera DeleteAngasomyrtus salina P4Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) P2Astroloma sp. Grass Patch (A.J.G.Wilson 110) P1*Banksia epica P4Bentleya diminuta P2Boronia coriacea P2Caesia viscida P2Calandrinia porifera P2Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) P2Chthonocephalus multiceps P2Comesperma lanceolatum P2Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum P2Dampiera decurrens P3Dampiera orchardii P1

_________________________________________*With highest priority for further survey and consideration for gazettal as DRFDelete - species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list

Darwinia luehmanii DeleteDarwinia sp. Peak Charles (A.S.George 10627) P2

449

Daviesia campephylla P2Daviesia pauciflora P2Dillwynia acerosa P2Elachanthus pusillus P2Eremophila lactea P1*Eriostemon apiculatus P2Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms P3Eucalyptus litorea P2Eucalyptus misella P1Eucalyptus pterocarpa P2Eucalyptus spreta ms DeleteGastrolobium heterophyllum P3Gastrolobium rigidum DeleteGoodenia quadrilocularis P3Goodenia trichophylla P2Grevillea superba P3Haegiela tatei P3Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) P1Isopogon alcicornis P2*Lasiopetalum maxwellii P3Lepyrodia fortunata ms P2Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) P3Leucopogon interruptus P2Leucopogon multiflorus P2Leucopogon pleurandroides P2Leucopogon rotundifolius P4Levenhookia pulcherrima P2Melaleuca fissurata DeleteMelaleuca viminea subsp. appressa P2Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 4018) P2Microcorys virgata P3Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154) P2Olearia laciniifolia P2Opercularia hirsuta P2Opercularia rubioides P2Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) P2Patersonia inaequalis P2Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) P2Phlegmatospermum eremaeum P2Pimelea graniticola P2Scaevola brookeana P2Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum ms DeleteSpyridium mucronatum subsp. multiflorum ms Addition (P2)Stipa exilis DeleteThysanotus brachyantherus P2Thysanotus parviflorus P3Trachymene croniniana P2

Priority Three TaxaAcacia eremophila var. variabilis P1Acacia euthyphylla ms P4Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa P4Acacia octonervia P4Acacia pritzeliana Delete

_________________________________________*With highest priority for further survey and consideration for gazettal as DRFDelete - species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list

Acacia singula P3Adenanthos gracilipes P3Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa P3

450

Banksia lullfitzii P3Boronia fabianoides P3Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula DeleteCentrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi P2

Chorizema ulotropis P3Cypselocarpus haloragoides P3Dicrastylis obovata P2Dodonaea trifida P3Dryandra viscida P1Eremophila purpurascens P3Eucalyptus brockwayi P3Eucalyptus creta P3Eucalyptus exigua P3Eucalyptus famelica P4Eucalyptus histophylla P3Eucalyptus ovularis DeleteEucalyptus semiglobosa P3Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) DeleteGrevillea aneura DeleteHakea bicornata DeleteHopkinsia adscendens ms P3Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum P3Leucopogon apiculatus DeleteLeucopogon brevicuspis P3Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella P3Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides P2Myriocephalus appendiculatus P3Persoonia scabra P2Pityrodia chrysocalyx P3Platysace haplosciadea P3Pomaderris intangenda DeleteSiegfriedia darwinioides P3Sphenotoma parviflorum P2Verticordia verticordina P3

_________________________________________*With highest priority for further survey and consideration for gazettal as DRFDelete - species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list

451

TABLE 5. Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Esperance District as at 1992. Conservation statusupdated to December 1999.

cdlii

Declared Rare FloraConservation Code

A. Extant TaxaAdenanthos eyrei ............................................ RAdenanthos ileticos........................................P4Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor ................ RBillardiera mollis............................................ RBoronia revoluta............................................. RCaladenia exstans ms ....................................P4Caladenia voigtii ms......................................P4Conostylis lepidospermoides .......................... RDaviesia microcarpa ...................................... RDrummondita hassellii var. longifolia ............ REremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata .... REremophila denticulata subsp.

trisulcata ms ...............................................P4Eucalyptus cerasiformis.................................. REucalyptus insularis ....................................... REucalyptus merrickiae .................................... REucalyptus platydisca ms ............................... RKennedia beckxiana.......................................P4Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata ............... RMyoporum turbinatum .................................... RMyriophyllum petraeum.................................P4Prostanthera carrickiana...............................P4Rhizanthella gardneri ..................................... RRicinocarpos trichophorus ............................. R

Presumed Extinct TaxaOpercularia acolytantha................................. XTaraxacum cygnorum ..................................... X

A. Priority One taxaAcacia diaphana ms ......................................P1Acacia diminuta ms .......................................P1Acacia dorsenna ............................................P1Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms...............P2Acacia sp. Esperance

(M.A.Burgman 1833b)................................P1Allocasuarina globosa ...................................P1Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra ................P1Caladenia tentaculata

(now C. longifimbriata) ..............................P1Chorizema circinale.......................................P1Chorizema nervosum ...............................DeleteColeanthera coelophylla................................P1Conostephium marchantiorum ......................P1Conostephium uncinatum ..............................P1Dampiera sericantha .....................................P1Darwinia calothamnoides ms ........................P1Darwinia sp. Mt Baring

(K.R.Newbey 9775) ....................................P1Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman &

S.McNee 1274) ...........................................P1Dicrastylis archeri .........................................P1Dicrastylis capitellata....................................P1Diuris concinna .............................................P1Dodonaea hexandra ......................................P1Drosera salina ...............................................P2Drosera sp. Hatter Hill

(G.J.Barrett 15.9.89)(now D. browniana)...P2Eremophila chamaephila...............................P2

cdliii

Eremophila compressa ..................................P1Eremophila oblonga ms...........................DeleteEriostemon sp. Cascades

(M.A.Burgman 1535) (now Philotheca gardneri subsp. globosa) P1Eucalyptus burgmaniana ms .........................P1Eucalyptus delicata..................................DeleteEucalyptus jimberlanica ................................P1Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa .............P1Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe

(K.R.Newbey 9715)(aff. platypus)..............P1Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)..P1Gonocarpus pycnostachyus ...........................P3Gonocarpus simplex ......................................P3Gratiola pedunculata.....................................P2Grevillea phillipsiana ....................................P1Gyrostemon ditrigynus...................................P4Halgania tomentosa.......................................P2Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe

(K.R.Newbey 8269) ....................................P1Hydatella australis ........................................P1Hydrocotyle hispidula..............................DeleteHydrocotyle sp. Truslove

(M.A.Burgman 4419)..................................P1Leucopogon blepharolepis ............................P3Leucopogon florulentus .................................P2Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill

(K.R.Newbey 9831) ....................................P1Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill

(M.A.Burgman 1207)(aff. breviflorus) .......P1Leucopogon sp. Condingup

(M.A.Burgman 1377)(aff. concinnus) ........P1Leucopogon sp. Coujinup

(M.A.Burgman 1085)..................................P1Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock

(M.A.Burgman 1126)..................................P1Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood

(M.A.Burgman 1211)..................................P1Leucopogon sp. Munglinup

(K.R.Newbey 8123) ....................................P1Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp

(K.R.Newbey 8173) ....................................P1Leucopogon sp. South Coast

(K.R.Newbey 8213) ....................................P1Melaleuca agathosmoides .............................P1Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta

(now Melaleuca dempta) ............................P3Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia.................P3Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup

(M.A.Burgman 3898)..................................P1Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill

(K.R.Newbey 6546)(aff. pauciflora) ..........P1Mirbelia densiflora ........................................P1Myoporum velutinum ms ...............................P1Otion rigidum ms...........................................P2Persoonia baeckeoides ..................................P1Phebalium rude subsp. lineare

(now Rhadinothamnus rudis subsp.linearis).......................................................P4

Phlegmatospermum richardsii.......................P1Pimelea halophila..........................................P2Pimelea pelinos..............................................P1

cdliv

Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont(K.R.Newbey 7928)(now P. conferta) ..Delete

Rulingia tratmannii..................................DeleteScaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey

9677) (now S. humifusa) .......................DeleteSpyridium minutum..................................DeleteStachystemon sp. Mt Baring

(K.R.Newbey 9773) ....................................P1Styphelia pulchella ........................................P1Thysanotus baueri..........................................P1Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla .............P1

B. Priority Two TaxaAcacia amyctica.............................................P2Acacia asepala ms .........................................P2Acacia carnosula ms......................................P2Acacia castanostegia ms..........................DeleteAcacia incanicarpa ms ..................................P2Acacia kerryana.............................................P2Acacia nitidula...............................................P2Acacia ophiolithica........................................P3Acacia profusa ms (now Acacia carnosula) ..P2Acacia tetraptera .....................................DeleteAcrotriche patula ...........................................P2Andersonia macranthera ...............................P2Angasomyrtus salina......................................P2Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald

(G.J.Keighery 8376) ...................................P2Astroloma sp. Grass Patch

(A.J.G.Wilson 110).....................................P2Banksia epica.................................................P2Bentleya diminuta ..........................................P2Boronia coriacea ...........................................P2Caesia viscida................................................P2Calandrinia porifera......................................P3Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) .......P2Chthonocephalus multiceps ...........................P2Comesperma lanceolatum .............................P2Conospermum filifolium subsp.

sigmoideum ms ...........................................P2Dampiera decurrens ......................................P2Dampiera orchardii .......................................P2Darwinia luehmanii .......................................P2Darwinia sp. Peak Charles

(A.S.George 10627)....................................P2Daviesia campephylla....................................P2Daviesia pauciflora .......................................P2Dillwynia acerosa..........................................P1Elachanthus pusillus......................................P2Eremophila lactea........................................... REriostemon apiculatus (now Philotheca apiculata) P2Eucalyptus fraseri subsp.

melanobasis ms...........................................P2Eucalyptus litorea..........................................P2Eucalyptus misella .........................................P3Eucalyptus pterocarpa

E. subsp. pterocarpa ms..............................P4E. subsp. obtusatans ms..............................P1

Eucalyptus spreta ms...............................DeleteGastrolobium heterophyllum ...................DeleteGastrolobium rigidum ...................................P2Goodenia quadrilocularis..............................P2

cdlv

Goodenia trichophylla ...................................P2Grevillea superba ..........................................P2Haegiela tatei ................................................P2Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515)

(now I. australiensis) ..................................P2Isopogon alcicornis .......................................P3Lasiopetalum maxwellii .................................P2Lepyrodia fortunata ms .................................P2Leucopogon breviflorus (Israelite Bay) ...DeleteLeucopogon interruptus.................................P2Leucopogon multiflorus .................................P2Leucopogon pleurandroides ..........................P2Leucopogon rotundifolius..............................P3Levenhookia pulcherrima ..............................P2Melaleuca fissurata .......................................P4Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa ..............P2Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe

(M.A.Burgman 4018)..................................P2Microcorys virgata ..................................DeleteMonotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe

(M.A.Burgman 2154)..................................P2Olearia laciniifolia ........................................P2Opercularia hirsuta .......................................P2Opercularia rubioides ...................................P2Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland

(A.P.Brown s.n.) .........................................P2Patersonia inaequalis ....................................P2Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman

4424) (now P. cymbifolia) ..........................P3Phlegmatospermum eremaeum......................P2Pimelea graniticola .................................DeleteScaevola brookeana.......................................P2Spyridium mucronatum subsp.

mucronatum ..........................................DeleteStipa exilis (now Austrostipa exilis) ..............P2Thysanotus brachyantherus ...........................P2Thysanotus parviflorus ..................................P2Trachymene croniniana .................................P3

C. Priority Three TaxaAcacia eremophila var. variabilis..................P3Acacia euthyphylla ms...................................P3Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa.....................P4Acacia octonervia ..........................................P3Acacia pritzeliana..........................................P3Acacia singula ..............................................P3Adenanthos gracilipes ...................................P3Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa......P3Banksia lullfitzii .............................................P3Boronia fabianoides ................................DeleteCaladenia longicauda subsp.

rigidula ms............................................DeleteCentrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi ....P3Chorizema ulotropis ......................................P4Cypselocarpus haloragoides ...................DeleteDicrastylis obovata ........................................P2Dodonaea trifida ...........................................P3Dryandra viscida ...........................................P3Eremophila purpurascens..............................P3Eucalyptus brockwayi....................................P3Eucalyptus creta ............................................P3

cdlvi

Eucalyptus exigua..........................................P3Eucalyptus famelica.......................................P3Eucalyptus histophylla...................................P3Eucalyptus ovularis .......................................P3Eucalyptus semiglobosa ................................P3Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431)

now G. ancistrophylla...........................DeleteGrevillea aneura............................................P4Hakea bicornata ......................................DeleteHopkinsia adscendens ms..............................P3Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum ..........................P3Leucopogon apiculatus..................................P3Leucopogon brevicuspis ................................P3Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella....................P3Melaleuca macronychia subsp.

trygonoides .................................................P3Myriocephalus appendiculatus ......................P3Persoonia scabra ...........................................P3Pityrodia chrysocalyx ....................................P3Platysace haplosciadia ............................DeletePomaderris intangenda

(now Granitites intangendus) .....................P3Siegfriedia darwinioides ................................P3Sphenotoma parviflorum ...............................P3Verticordia verticordina ................................P3

cdlvii

R Declared Rare Flora - Extant TaxaTaxa which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger ofextinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.

X Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct TaxaP1 Priority One - Poorly known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threatP2 Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed tobe under immediate threat

P3 Priority Three - Poorly Known TaxaTaxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat

P4 Priority Four - Rare Taxa Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are notcurrently threatened by any identifiable factors.

delete species recommended to be taken off the Priority Flora list

10

PART TWO: DECLARED RARE FLORA IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT

This Plan covers the 23 taxa of Declared Rare Flora known to be extant within the boundaries of the Esperance Districtin October, 1992.

Two species listed as presumed extinct on the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora are also included. While they have beencollected from the Esperance District in the past, no extant populations are recorded.

A brief description of the morphology, taxonomic affinities, flowering period, distribution and habitat, knownpopulations, summary and recommendations for management, and pertinent references for each taxon of Declared RareFlora are provided within this section.

Descriptions of species are, for the most part, based on original taxonomic treatments or where these are lacking, byreference to herbarium specimens and specialist botanists. The reader should note that some taxa have not beenformally described and these are denoted by the term 'ms' (abbreviation for 'manuscript') after the taxon. Others havebeen given a phrase name, e.g. Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b), to identify the taxon.

Distribution and habitat data are compiled from herbarium records and Departmental files as appropriate. Allpopulations where collections have been made or inspected are tabulated. The table summarises the broad populationdetails, land status, number of plants, population conditions and the date the population was last visited. Precise localitydata are contained within confidential Departmental records. In a number of cases, herbarium records relate topopulations that no longer exist. New populations found during the course of this project have been asterisked in thetable. Detailed information on both the known and new populations surveyed during 1992 and 1993 for this project aregiven in a separate confidential document lodged with the Department.

Response to disturbance is mentioned if known, and suggests two separate classes of flora, namely: those speciesfavoured by disturbance and those to which disturbance is detrimental. The former species seem to occupy a verynarrow ecological niche and are rarely collected, although disturbance will result in a profusion of growth for a period,before the plants again disappear, sometimes for decades. Disturbance opportunists are discussed again in Part 4.

11

Extant Taxa

Adenanthos eyrei E.C.Nelson PROTEACEAEToolinna Adenanthos

An erect, open shrub, up to 1 m tall. Branchlets are hairy, while older branches have very warty bark. Leaves arestalked, hairy, and varied in shape, but are mostly divided into 3 flat segments (up to 15 mm). Flowers are deepcrimson, softly-hairy, solitary, stalked (4 mm) and occur in leaf axils or at the end of branches. The narrow floral tubes(25 mm) have long, exserted styles (35 mm).

Adenanthos eyrei can be distinguished from A. forrestii by lacking a lignotuber. A. forrestii has pale red and creamrather than deep crimson flowers.

Flowering Period: All year

Distribution and Habitat

A. eyrei is known only from the Toolinna area on the coast of the Great Australian Bight. It grows in deep siliceoussand dunes on cliffs, in low open scrub with Banksia media and A. forrestii.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Toolinna Esp Dund NR 14.8.91 - Good

Response to Disturbance

Assumed to be killed by fire and regenerate from seed.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. eyrei occurs in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve and is undisturbed. Apparently, the population is difficult to find as itlooks similar to A. forrestii, which is very common in the area (G. Keighery, personal communication). The lack of alignotuber is not normally used as a character to distinguish a separate taxon; consequently, the status of A. eyrei isquestionable.

References

Hopper et al. (1990), Nelson (1978), Rye and Hopper (1981).

12

Adenanthos ileticos E.C.Nelson PROTEACEAEClub-leaf Adenanthos

A low-spreading or erect, mid-dense, woody shrub up to 2.5 m tall and 2.5 m broad, with a lignotuber. The branches arehairy at first but soon become hairless. The stalked, dull, light greenish-grey leaves are broadly triangular (10 x 5 mm)with 3 lobes at the end. Flowers are solitary, terminal, very shortly stalked, with the hairless style exserted nearly 10mm beyond the floral tube (25 mm). Flower colour varies from dull pale pink, yellow-pink, yellow or cream. Fruits (3mm) are slightly hairy.

The only other Adenanthos species that possibly overlaps the geographical range of A. ileticos is A. cuneatus which haslarger, fan-like leaves (15-25 x 10-15 mm).

Flowering Period: March, July - October, December

Distribution and Habitat

A. ileticos grows from near Salmon Gums to north-west of Mt Heywood (a range of about 70 km) with an outlyingpopulation towards Balladonia. It is found in well-drained yellow sand, white clayey sand or red-brown loamy sand, inmallee or open woodland, associated with various species of Eucalyptus (E. salmonophloia, E. leptocalyx, E. uncinata,E. incrassata, E. transcontinentalis), and shrubs of Hakea, Melaleuca or Acacia.

Conservation Status#

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp - 3.80 - -1b* Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp ?Water Res. 18.11.93 200+ Good2 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp ?VCL 3.80 - -3 Salmon Gums,SE Esp Esp - 3.80 - -4 Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 28 Average5a Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Water Res. 258 -5b Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Rd Res. } 17.11.92 215+ Good5c Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp Rail Res.} 43 Seedlings6 Dingo Rock,SW Esp Esp VCL } - -7a Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL } 22.5.93 4 000+ Good7b-e Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL } 1 500+ Seedlings8 Dingo Rock,ESE Esp Esp VCL } - -9 Dingo Rock,NE Esp Esp VCL } - -10a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good10b-e* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 200+ Good11 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 Not found -12a* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 5+ Good12b* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 Good13a Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.12.83 - -13b Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR - - -13c* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 10 Average13d* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 30 Average14a Ridley Rd Esp Esp Private - - -14b Ridley Rd,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} 540 Good

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

13

Known Populations (cont’d)

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

14c Ridley Rd,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} 23.9.92 27 Seedlings14d Kent Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res.} - -

15 Dundas Esp Dund NR 13.8.91 {40 Good{+2 Seedlings

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible but it usually occurs in an area where Phytophthora dieback is not considered a problem.

Summary and Recommendations

A. ileticos is common to the north of Mt Ridley on Vacant Crown Land which is not currently threatened. In areaswhich have been cleared for agriculture, a number of remnant populations exist along road verges. Many of the roadreserves are degenerating in the Salmon Gums-Grass Patch area as a result of weed invasion from adjoining farms,clearing for firebreaks, and from road maintenance encroaching into these narrow remnants of native vegetation.

A. ileticos occurs in two Nature Reserves. The population in the Dundas Nature Reserve is undisturbed, and occurs inan area seldom visited by the public. This population is, however, small, and the size of the other Nature Reservepopulation is unknown.

A reassessment of the status A. ileticos is warranted.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1988), Elliot and Jones (1986), Leigh et al. (1984), Nelson (1978), Rye and Hopper (1981).

14

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor (Benth.) Hopper HAEMODORACEALittle Kangaroo Paw

This dwarf plant usually has several scapes 5-20 cm tall which bear solitary flowers. Both the stem and flowers arehairy. Flowers are two-coloured with a green perianth above a red ovary. The perianth (30-45 mm) is stronglyconstricted above the middle, being only 3-5 mm wide at the narrowest point. The anthers are about equal in length tothe filaments which are 4-6 mm long. There are 2-4 ovules per locule. Leaves are flattened and 5-10 cm long.

Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. minor can be distinguished from A. gabrielae by its larger flowers and curved, not straight,perianth (greater than 30 mm).

Flowering Period: August - November

Distribution and Habitat

A. bicolor subsp. minor occurs in small, disjunct populations between Lake King and Condingup. It grows in moistsand and has been found near granite outcrops in heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Condingup Peak Esp Esp Shire Res. 9.10.92 1 Not found2 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 1983 5 000+ Post-fire3 Dalyup Esp Esp NR 29.8.88 - Not found4 Wittenoom Hill Esp Esp Private 1987 36+ Post-fire5 West River Alb Rav - 1967 - -6 Twertup Alb Jer NP ca. 1967 - Post-fire?7 ?Jerdacuttup Esp ?Rav - - - -8 Pallarup Rocks Kat LG NR 1935 - -9 Gibson,E Esp Esp - 1963 - -

Response to Disturbance

Responds well to fire.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. bicolor subsp. minor is most commonly seen after dry-season fire. Populations re-establish from the soil seed bankbut rapidly senesce a few years after fire and become very difficult to find. Re-survey and monitoring of knownpopulations is required, especially post-fire.

References

Hopper (1987a, 1993), Hopper et al. (1990).

15

Billardiera mollis E.M.Benn. PITTOSPORACEAEHairy-Fruited Billardiera

Billardiera mollis is a low spreading, mid-dense shrub which grows to 50 cm tall. The reddish-brown stems have whitehairs which rub off with age. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate-ovate (10-20 mm) with a sharp, pointed tip. Leaves areflat, covered on both surfaces with long white hairs when young, but become hairless with age except along the marginsand midvein where the hairs remain semi-persistent. The deep blue flowers are solitary in leaf axils and are borne onslender stalks (15-25 mm). Sepals are free, narrow-lanceolate, dark blue and hairy. The recurved, blue petals have 3 or4 distinct purple lines on the outer surface while the throat is pale blue or nearly white; anthers are white. Fruit capsulesare covered with long white hairs and enclose seeds which are dark brown, smooth and shiny. The localised nature ofthe populations of B. mollis suggests that seed dispersal may be limited. It appears to be insect pollinated.

B. mollis closely resembles B. villosa, which is more compact, has flowers with blue anthers and leaf margins that curvebackwards.

Flowering Period: August - November (to January)

Distribution and Habitat

B. mollis is geographically restricted to the Ravensthorpe Range and adjacent areas, with a range of less than 30 km. Itgrows near Kundip and Mt Desmond in gravelly sands over laterite or ironstone, and east along the Vermin Proof Fencein sand over laterite. It occurs in low open to low dense mallee with numerous species of Eucalyptus with anunderstorey comprising of a low open heath or more commonly a dense scrub containing Hakea laurina, Melaleucaelliptica, Gastrolobium sp. or Banksia lemanniana.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a,b,c VPF Esp Rav Unvested Res. 9.12.88 700+ Good1d VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 3 -1e VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 20+ -1f VPF Esp Rav VCL 26.11.81 20+ -2a Mt Desmond,N Alb Rav {Unvested Res. } 1.1.82 50+ -2b Mt Desmond,S Alb Rav {(Mining Lease) } 25.10.87 Rare -3a Kundip Alb Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 14.1.82 150+ -3b Kundip Alb Rav Unvested Res. 14.1.82 10+ -4a Rav Range Alb Rav VCL 9.80 Common -4b Rav Range Alb Rav VCL 16.9.79 - -

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist along the edge of tracks.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

16

B. mollis occurs in Vacant Crown Land which could be released for farming, in areas claimed for mining and in one areawhere mining occurs sporadically. It is not known to occur in any conservation reserve, although discussions betweenthe Shire, CALM and DEP to determine vesting of the Ravensthorpe Range (which would include the Mt Desmondpopulation) are taking place.

The majority of known plants (approximately 80%) occur east of the Vermin Proof Fence. Early in the 1980s, areasclose to this population were recommended for release for farmland. A small reserve (about 1 000 ha.) to include thesepopulations would conserve a large number of plants of this species, belonging to relatively young populations whichappear to be expanding in size and plant numbers.

Regular monitoring is required, particularly along the Vermin Proof Fence.

References

Bennett (1983), Hopper et al. (1990), Lewis (1982).

17

Boronia revoluta Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE

A shrub, up to 80 cm tall, with sparsely hairy branches. The leaves are divided into three leaflets which are almostcylindrical, 4-8 mm long and the margins are strongly rolled backwards towards the midrib. Leaflets are hairless on theupper surface, but hairy below. Flowers are pale to dark pink and are borne singly in the leaf axils on hairless red stalks.The 4 ovate petals (7 mm) have pointed tips, prominent midribs, and are loosely hairy on the outside but hairless insideexcept for near the tip. The sepals are red, ovate with pointed tips and about 3 mm long. Fruits consist of a capsulecontaining four 1-seeded carpels. Seeds are kidney-shaped (3-4 mm).

Boronia revoluta has shortly stalked leaves, which distinguishes it from the similar species B. ericifolia where leaveslack stalks. The latter species is found much further north between Moora and Wongan Hills.

Flowering Period: July - October

Distribution and Habitat

B. revoluta appears to be confined to ironstone outcrops in the vicinity of Forrestania and Hatter Hill, with a range ofabout 40 km. It prefers well drained sandy loam and laterite on the tops of ridges and small hills, where it grows in loweucalypt woodland, semi-arid mallee scrub, or heath with occasional emergent Eucalyptus species. Associated generainclude Banksia, Allocasuarina, Calothamnus, Drummondita, Gastrolobium and Dryandra.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 15.7.90 64 Good2 South Ironcap Nar Kon VCL (Mining Lease) 22.10.91 200+ Good3 Middle Ironcap Nar Kon VCL (Mining Lease) 1976 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible and it occurs well outside the range of known Phytophthora species.

Summary and Recommendations

B. revoluta has only been collected from three localities. Until September 1989, the species was thought to be extinct atHatter Hill, however, it has since been collected there in small numbers. The species has not been relocated at MiddleIroncap since it was collected there in 1976 (F. Mollemans, personal communication; R. Thomas, personalcommunication).

All known localities are threatened by mineral exploration activities. At South Ironcap, B. revoluta has been disturbedby grid lines; although many plants are undisturbed at present, further mineral exploration may endanger the population.Liaison with mineral exploration and mining companies is essential.

Summary and Recommendations (cont'd)

18

Further intensive surveys of ironstone hills and ridges in the vicinity of the Ironcaps is required. Surveys (late October1992, and by Cochrane and Brown in December 1993) for the known populations in the Hatter Hill area failed to locateany plants. Surveying during the flowering season appears to be critical, otherwise plants are extremely difficult to find.Protection of populations from frequent fires would seem appropriate. Research into the pollination biology, fireecology and population genetics of B. revoluta is needed.

References

Hopper et al. (1990), Leigh et al. (1984), Wilson (1971).

19

Caladenia exstans Hopper & A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAEPointing Spider Orchid

An erect, tuberous herb, 20-45 cm tall, with 1 or 2 flowers. Flowers have upswept sepals that are green with a centralred stripe; the green labellum is distinctive as it has prominently pointed lobes and juts forward rather than curling underat the dark purple tip; the calli are purple-red. Leaves are up to 20 cm long and 4-6 mm wide.

Caladenia exstans ms is closely related to the larger-flowered C. integra which occurs some 400 km to the west.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

C. exstans ms occurs in small scattered populations, over a range of about 70 km, between Cape Le Grand and CapeArid. It grows in moist soil pockets on coastal granite outcrops and in deeper soil around the margins of Yate flats.Associated species include Borya constricta, Banksia speciosa, Nuytsia floribunda, Eucalyptus occidentalis andE. tetragona.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cheetup Hill Esp Esp NP 8.10.85 100+ Post-fire23.9.87 10 Good

2 Thomas River Esp Esp NP 6.11.89 20 Good3 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP - - -4 Shao Lu Esp Esp Private 20.9.77 - -5 Alexander Bay Esp Esp ?Shire Res. - - -

Response to Disturbance

Flowering is stimulated by summer fire although an appropriate interfire period needs to be determined.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

C. exstans ms occurs in both the Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks where it should remain secure. Thisspecies appears to respond to fire with over 100 plants observed flowering at Cheetup Hill approximately 10 monthsafter the area had been burnt; only 10 were located more than 2.5 years after the fire.

Surveys to relocate C. exstans ms at Alexander Bay and Shao Lu are needed to ensure that the populations areconserved. Monitoring of known populations is required.

References

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

20

Hoffman and Brown (1992).

21

Caladenia voigtii Hopper & A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAEVoigt's Spider Orchid, Mohawk Spider Orchid

An erect, tuberous herb, 8-20 cm tall, with 1 or rarely 2 flowers. Flowers (2-3 x 1-2 cm) are pale yellow-green with red-pink stripes; the sepals (except the dorsal sepal) and petals hang downwards and the labellum is rounded with a denseband of wedge-shaped calli that are white with red tips. The stems and narrow leaves (50-150 x 6 mm) are hairy.

This recently described species was previously thought to be Caladenia cristata which occurs near Miling, north ofPerth.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

C. voigtii ms is a widespread species occurring from near Bremer Range to south-west of Balladonia, a range of about240 km. It is found in a variety of habitats, ranging from shallow soil pockets on granite outcrops to the margins ofinland salt lakes. It grows in open low woodland and open scrub communities associated with Eucalyptus flocktoniae,E. cylindriflora, E. platycorys, E. eremophila or Callitris verrucosa.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Coobaninya,W Esp Esp VCL 22.8.89 200-300 Good2 Dowak West Esp Esp Private 17.9.77 - -3a Cristata Compound Esp Esp Private 13.9.91 20+ Average3b Dowak East Esp Esp Private 10.9.78 - -4 90 Mile Tank Esp Dund VCL 28.9.88 40+ Good5 Mt Newmont Esp Esp VCL 6.9.90 100+ Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Although C. voigtii ms is widespread, the known populations are mostly small and none are known to occur in aconservation reserve. The populations occurring in Vacant Crown Land are undisturbed. Three populations occur onprivate property near Dowak and at least one of these has been fenced by the W.A. Native Orchid Study Group; grazingby rabbits is of concern in these areas. Monitoring and liaison with the property owners is required to ensure that thesepopulations are appropriately managed and conserved.

References

Hoffman and Brown (1992), Hopper et al. (1990).

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

22

Conostylis lepidospermoides Hopper HAEMODORACEAESedge Conostylis

A tufted, sedge-like perennial plant, up to 35 cm tall and 40 cm wide. The flat, narrow leaves (20-35 cm) are yellowish-green and have margins with 2 rows of short, dark brown bristles. Up to 6 flowers are borne in a loose inflorescence(cyme) on a scape 1-4 cm tall, i.e. much shorter than the leaves. The yellow perianth (up to 20 mm) is deeply dividedinto lobes (6-10 mm) and covered in long hairs. The stamens have large anthers (5 mm) and are inserted 5-7 mm abovethe ovary; the style is about 10 mm long.

A distinctive species with no obvious close relatives. Conostylis lepidospermoides is inconspicuous when not in flowerdue to the slender sedge-like leaves. The flowers, however, are distinctive and amongst the largest in the subgenus.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

C. lepidospermoides occurs east of Ravensthorpe and extends northwards to Ninety Mile Tank, a range of about 120km. It grows on flat or gently undulating plains in yellow or grey sand over laterite or clay, in low heath and sedgecommunities with scattered emergent Lambertia inermis, Banksia media, Eucalyptus tetragona and other mallees.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 90 Mile Tank,W Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -2 Rav,E Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.92 3+ Average3 Middle Road Esp Rav Shire Rd Res 10.9.93 500+ Good4a West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 6.9.83 - -4b West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 5.10.79 - -4c* West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 30.8.92 24 Good5 90 Mile Tank,SW Esp Rav NP 27.10.80 Rare -

17.9.93 Not found -6 Munglinup,E Esp ?Esp - 14.10.68 - -7 Fields Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 - -8 Neds Corner Rd Esp Esp Private 26.9.68 - -9 Burlabup Creek Alb Rav MRWA Rd Res. 27.9.68 - -10 Mills Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 1 Fair11* Rockhole Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 15.9.92 50 Good12 ?West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 3.10.83 - -13 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 15 Post-fire14 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 50-100 Good15 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 21.9.79 Occasional -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

This species readily resuckers after a hot fire, as seen at a one population (no. 13) beside West Point Road.Regenerating plants were in bud and flower within two years of the fire. Response to other disturbances such as weedinvasion and grazing are not known.

23

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Although widespread, most known populations of C. lepidospermoides are small and occur on road reserves adjacent tocleared farmland. The condition of the majority of the road reserves is good, however the populations' long-termviability is questionable, particularly if weed invasion occurs. The largest known population (no. 3) is on a Shire roadreserve adjacent to a gravel pit; further extension of this pit could jeopardise the survival of the population. Markers arerecommended at all roadside populations.

In 1968, three populations (nos. 6-8) were found in the Shire of Esperance. Extensive land clearing for agriculture hasoccurred since that date, particularly in the Cascade area (pop. nos. 7 and 8); it is possible that these populations nolonger exist. Resurvey of these localities is urgently required.

Only one population (no. 5) of C. lepidospermoides is known to occur in a conservation reserve. It has been foundtwice at this site in Frank Hann National Park, in 1979 and 1980, but was not found during a survey in 1993.Apparently it is rare at this site.

Further survey in Vacant Crown Land between West Point Rd and Frank Hann National Park is required.

References

Hopper (1987b), Hopper et al. (1990).

24

Daviesia microcarpa Crisp PAPILIONACEAENorseman Pea

Sprawling shrub with many long, weak, tangled stems, to 0.4 m tall and 1 m broad. The cylindrical phyllodes ('leaves',8-20 x 0.5-0.8 mm) have a stiff, sharp point and are spirally arranged along the branches. Usually, one flower (rarely 2)is borne per leaf axil. Flowers are orange with pinkish-red on the veins and towards the centre. Pods are very small (4 x3 mm), have raised reticulate venation, and an apex which is more or less obtuse.

Daviesia microcarpa is superficially similar to the narrow-leaved form of D. ulicifolia, however the leaves of the latterspecies are triangular in cross-section. Also, all forms of D. ulicifolia have spine-tipped branchlets, phyllodes which arenever cylindrical, and pods which have a tapering acute apex.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

The only known population and type locality for D. microcarpa is on a very disturbed verge of the Eyre Highway, north-east of Norseman. It grows in red clay loam with calcrete nodules, in association with species of Eremophila,Eucalyptus and Atriplex.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Norseman Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 13.1.85 13 -1987-1992 Not found -29.11.93 17 Regen.

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible but occurs in an area where Phytophthora is not considered a threat.

Summary and Recommendations

Main Roads W.A. has developed a management strategy to attempt to regenerate this population. Recovery of thispopulation should be monitored over the next five years.

A quantity of seed was collected in 1993 and sent to Kings Park for propagation.

References

Crisp (1983).

25

Drummondita hassellii var. longifolia Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAEPeak Charles Drummondita

A shrub which grows up to 1 m tall, with glossy somewhat spreading leaves. Leaves are alternate, cylindrical (20 mmlong), wrinkled and have a sharp, curved point at the tip; they produce a scent when cut. The solitary flowers are up to25 mm long; the yellowish calyx is hairless with 5 small sepals; petals are large and red; the 5 fertile stamens alternatewith 5 sterile ones and unite to form an elongate pink-red tube which is covered in long white hairs; the style is red andhas an enlarged flat end which protrudes above the stamens. The dry fruit opens by 3 valves and is normally 3-seeded.

Drummondita hasellii var. longifolia can be distinguished from other taxa of Drummondita by its leaves which are atleast twice as long as other varieties.

Flowering Period: April - May, July, September - November

Distribution and Habitat

D. hassellii var. longifolia is restricted to the Peak Charles area. It grows in granite crevices in sandy clay on hillsides inopen shrubland. Associated genera include Opercularia, Melaleuca, Leptospermum, Eucalyptus and Calothamnus.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 400+ Post-fire

Response to Disturbance

D. hassellii var. longifolia is known only from one population in Peak Charles National Park, which was burnt by a hotfire in January 1991. Eighteen months after the fire most of the plants observed were vegetative and appeared to beseedlings (single-stemmed), only 3 larger plants were seen that were resuckering and had a couple of flowers.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Regular monitoring of the known population is required to determine the time for the young plants to set viable seedafter the 1991 fire; this will be important to determine the appropriate interfire period for this species and firemanagement of the area.

References

Wilson (1971).

26

Eremophila denticulata F.Muell. subsp. denticulata MYOPORACEAEFitzgerald Eremophila, Toothed Eremophila

A tall, straggly shrub to 2 m tall, with sticky, glutinous young branches and leaves. Young plants are leafy and compact,whereas older plants have leaves clustered at the ends of branches. The leaves (30-50 mm) are conspicuously toothedalong the margins. The attractive red flowers are tubular with the lower corolla lobe cut to form a distinct lip, and areborne on long S-shaped stalks.

Flowering Period: October - January

Distribution and Habitat

Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata occurs in two areas about 70 km apart, south-east of Ravensthorpe and eastof the Oldfield River. It is only known from areas that have been disturbed in alluvial soils along rivers and on loamyclay over granite. Nearby plant communities may include tall mallet woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Moir Rd,W Alb Rav Private 14.12.92 300 Dying1b Moir Rd,W Alb Rav NP 14.12.92 500 Dying2a Moir Track Alb Rav NP 6.1.92 15 Healthy2b Moir Track,W Alb Rav NP 10.2.93 5-10 000 Dying

?24.4.93 - Burnt3 Hamersley River Alb Rav NP - - -4 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 1.11.93 6 Mature Dying

1.11.93 2 000+ Post-fireSeedlings

Response to Disturbance

E. denticulata subsp. denticulata appears to be a disturbance opportunist, with seed germination being stimulated by fireor soil disturbance.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Until recently, the only known population of E. denticulata subsp. denticulata was located on private property in acleared paddock, and was fenced off by the property owner in 1989. In January 1986, the population numbered 8 000-10 000 plants, but by December 1992 had declined to about 300 plants. Currently, the biggest population, known froma chained firebreak in the north east of the Fitzgerald River National Park, was consumed in a control burn in autumn1993 (Robinson and Coates 1995).

27

Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)

Monitoring the populations which have been recently burnt (nos. 2 and 4) to assess post-fire regeneration andreproductive biology is recommended. As well, plots should be established in any populations subjected to fuelreduction burns to assess post-fire relative to pre-fire densities.

Further survey is required, especially in those areas recently burnt or otherwise disturbed.

References

Robinson and Coates (1995).

28

Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata Chinnock ms MYOPORACEAEKumquat Eremophila

A compact shrub slightly over 1 m tall, which looks very similar to a kumquat. Leaves are bright green, glossy, oblong-lanceolate and serrated on the margins. The pink-red flowers are held on long S-shaped stalks that curve up under theflowers. The 4 upper corolla lobes form the upper lip of the flower and the fifth lobe is cut much lower than the othersforming a distinct lower lip. The stamens are exserted beyond the corolla. After flowering the calyx is scarcelyenlarged.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms is known only from two areas about 20 km apart; the first lies east of MtBuraminya where three sub-populations are distributed over 5 km, the other population lies south-east of MtWillgonarinya. It grows in fine loam over limestone.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 31.5.90 100+ -1b Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 5.90 20 -1c Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 8.90 1 000-2 000 -4 Mt Willgonarinya,SE Esp Esp VCL 9.86 40 Dying

Response to Disturbance

Like E. denticulata subsp. denticulata, this species is assumed to be a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

E. denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms is restricted to old mining tracks where the middle and upper storey plants have beencleared (W. Archer, personal communication). Resurvey of populations and further study of this taxon is required,especially after fire, to confirm whether it is a disturbance opportunist.

References

Grieve and Blackall (1982).

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

29

Eucalyptus cerasiformis Brooker & Blaxell MYRTACEAECherry-fruited Mallee

An erect mallee growing up to 3 m tall with smooth, mottled grey over salmon-pink bark. The pith of branchlets isglandular. Juvenile leaves are lanceolate (30-40 x 6-15 mm). Adult leaves are yellow-green and glossy, alternate andnarrowly lanceolate (50-80 x 7-12 mm); glands are prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences are borne on a slender,cylindrical stalk (peduncle, 15-40 mm long) that curves downwards bearing 7 yellow flowers, each borne on a long stalk(pedicel, 10-12 mm). Buds are ovoid, contracted at the middle and have a yellow-brown, conical bud cap whichcontrasts with the green calyx tube. The urn-shaped fruits (12-15 x 6-9 mm) have a thick rim, depressed disc and 4-5enclosed valves. Seed is brown and ovoid in shape.

This species is closely related to E. dielsii from which it differs in its smaller buds and fruits and in the urn-shaped fruitswhich are without a flared rim. It is also somewhat similar to E. erythronema but can be distinguished again by its urn-shaped fruits.

The common name of E. cerasiformis is a reference to the pendulous buds which look like bunches of cherries. Nativebees have been observed pollinating the flowers.

Flowering Period: August - March, June

Distribution and Habitat

E. cerasiformis is known from a restricted area between Hyden and Norseman, over a 50 km range. It is usually foundin depressions of undulating hills in gravelly reddish loam, where it grows in low open forest with a dense heathunderstorey, in association with E. salubris, Melaleuca uncinata, Acacia and Casuarina spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Ant Rock,NW Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 3.3.88 189 Good& Shire Rd Res.

2a Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 3.3.88 62 Good2b Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 15.6.88 20 Good2c Mt Day Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 15.6.88 70+ Good3a Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund Shire Rd Res. } 3.3.88 40 Good3b Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund VCL }4a Round Top Hill Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -4b Round Top Hill Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -5a Round Top Hill,S Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -5b Round Top Hill,S Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 9.5.89 - -6 Maggie Hays Hill,NW Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 10.5.89 - -7 Maggie Hays Hill,N Esp Dund VCL (Mining Lease) 10.5.89 - -8 Bremer Range Esp Dund VCL 25.10.64 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

30

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Three of the known populations (nos. 1, 3 and 5) of E. cerasiformis grow beside the Hyden-Norseman Road and couldbe disturbed during maintenance or upgrading of this track; population no. 1 has already been disturbed along the vergeof the track. Road markers are required.

Monitoring of populations on mining tenements and ongoing liaison with exploration companies is required.

Staff at Kings Park have propagated this species from seed.

References

Brooker and Blaxell (1978), Elliot and Jones (1986).

31

Eucalyptus insularis Brooker MYRTACEAETwin Peak Island Mallee

A small, slender-stemmed mallee (1.5-2 m tall) in the Cape Le Grand area, and a tall mallee (1.4-8 m) on North TwinPeak Island. Bark is smooth, red-brown, pale grey, yellowish-green or greenish-grey; in the tall form there is a fibrous,red-brown basal stocking. Larger specimens have branches which are conspicuously wrinkled underneath at the base.Branchlets are 4-sided and are often reddish when young. Juvenile leaves are sessile, elliptic and have toothed edges.Older leaves are petiolate, narrowly lanceolate (to 70 x 15 mm), dull green and have a long narrow, curved point. Budshave a cap which is slightly narrower and shorter than the base. Fruits (6-8 x 6 mm) are pendulous, barrel-shaped with athin rim and 3 or 4 valves in a sunken, shining, red-brown disc. Seeds are brown, pyramidal or elongated.

Eucalyptus insularis is superficially similar to E. doratoxylon whose adult leaves have a very dense network of veinsand are apparently glandless; the former species has only a sparse veinal network and numerous to scattered oil glands.E. doratoxylon has a bud scar whereas E. insularis does not. E. doratoxylon has long peduncles (10-12 mm) whichsupport inflorescences of usually no more than 7 cream or yellowish-white flowers, however, E. insularis generally hasmore than 7 white flowers and shorter peduncles (4-11 mm) which curve downwards.

Flowering Period: May - June, August

Distribution and Habitat

E. insularis is known from only North Twin Peak Island in the Recherche Archipelago and at one locality on Cape LeGrand. It grows along a watercourse on the western slopes of the island, while on the mainland E. insularis grows inshallow loamy soil in crevices on the steep slope of a granite rock amongst dense scrub. Associated species include E.lehmanii, E. conferruminata and Acacia heteroclita.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Twin Peak Island Esp Esp NR 24.4.72 - -2 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 50 Good

Response to Disturbance

Response to fire and other disturbances is unknown.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Both of the known populations of E. insularis occur in conservation reserves where they should remain secure.Collection of seed is recommended. Regular monitoring is required.

References

Brooker (1974), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Elliot and Jones (1986), Rye and Hopper (1981).

32

Eucalyptus merrickiae Maiden & Blakely MYRTACEAEGoblet Mallee, Narrow-leaved Mallee

A mallee, 2-6 m tall, with a dense crown giving the plant an almost globular appearance. The bark is rough andcoloured grey-brown over white. Adult leaves are small, linear to narrowly lanceolate (60-100 x 5-9 mm) and lightgreen to grey-green in colour. Leaf venation is almost nil, although there are numerous oil glands. Each inflorescencehas up to 3 cylindrical to rounded buds (7-10 x 4-6 mm) that are borne on short stalks; the bud caps turn cherry red incolour when nearly mature. Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped to cylindrical, have a thick rim and a concave discwith 3 or 4 valves; they turn mealy-white with age. The seed is whitish-grey and ovoid.

Eucalyptus merrickiae is superficially similar to E. halophila, E. scyphocalyx and E. leptocalyx. It can be distinguishedfrom these species by its rough bark, narrower leaves, and only 3 flowers per inflorescence (E. halophila, E.scyphocalyx and E. leptocalyx typically have 7 or more) with short, rounded inflorescence stalks (peduncles).

Flowering Period: July - December

Distribution and Habitat

E. merrickiae grows in sandy, loamy depressions around the salt lakes and saline flats mainly east of Truslove to north-east of Mt Ridley. It has a range of about 60 km for the known populations, except for a disjunct occurrence 160 km tothe east near Israelite Bay. It occurs in open shrub mallee, often with dense scrub beneath. Associated species includeE. halophila, E. uncinata, E. rigens and E. eremophila.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Grass Patch Esp Esp - 1968 - -23.9.92 Not found -

1b Grasspatch,S Esp Esp - 23.5.24 - -23.9.92 Not found -

2 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 21.9.76 - -3 Mt Ridley,NNE Esp Esp VCL 10.5.83 - -4 Dempster Rd Esp Esp VCL 25.9.92 1 Average5a Mt Ridley,NW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.9.83 - -5b Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.9.92 3 Average6 Mt Ridley,WSW Esp Esp - 10.9.83 - -7 Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 1984 - -

24.9.92 Not found -9a Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 3.12.88 200+ Good

22.9.92 50+ Good9b Truslove, E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 2 Good10 Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 9 Good11 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 3.12.88 9 Good12* Kents Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 30.1.93 20 Good13* Griffiths Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1+ Poor14a* Ridley Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.11.93 2+ Good14b Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR 19.11.93 1+ Good

Known Populations (cont’d)

33

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

14c* Ridley Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 5+ Average& Private 19.11.93 2 Average

15 Truslove Rd Esp Esp - 27.5.82 - -16 Dowak,E Esp Esp - 8.33 - -17 Circle Valley Esp Esp - 7.11.53 - -

* = new population; (pop. no. 12, Mulcahy 1993)

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

In the last 20 years, collections have been made of E. merrickiae from thirteen sites. Some of the localities on thespecimen collections are vague and may actually refer to an already known location (e.g. pop. no. 6 may equal pop. no.9 or 10). The majority of known populations are scattered, small and occur in disturbed, narrow road reserves. Many ofthe localities where collections were made earlier than 1970 have possibly been cleared for agriculture or roadconstruction.

Although E. merrickiae has been recorded from four Nature Reserves, their population sizes are either unknown orappear inadequate for long-term survival of the species. Further survey of Nature Reserve No. 27768 (Ridley Rd), andthe populations occurring north-east of Mt Ridley (nos. 3 and 11) are required to determine the extent of populationsoccurring in relatively undisturbed areas.

Seed collections were made of this species in 1991 (L. Sweedman, Kings Park) and 1993 (M. Mulcahy, CALM). Studyof the pollination biology and the response to fire is recommended.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Carr and Carr (1980), Elliot and Jones (1986), Hopper et al. (1990), Maiden and Blakely(1925).

34

Eucalyptus platydisca L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAEJimberlana Mallee

An upright to spreading, moderately dense mallee to 4 m tall with smooth, grey bark. Leaves are elliptic as juvenilesbecoming lanceolate (50-110 x 6-11 mm) when older. They are dull blue-green, have a moderate network of veins andscattered to numerous, often obscure oil glands. Each inflorescence is borne on a stalk (peduncle, 7-17 mm long) whichis rounded or angular in cross-section, and has up to 7 buds (13-19 x 9-10 mm) which have beaked caps. Flowers arewhite. Fruits have a broad disc and 4 valves which are level with the thick rim. Seeds are shining, brown and D-shaped.

Eucalyptus platydisca ms is similar to E. diversifolia but differs in having fruit with a level disc (E. diversifolia has aslightly ascending one), slightly larger buds (E. diversifolia buds are 7-10 x 5-6 mm), and a very restricted habit.

Flowering Period: March - June

Distribution and Habitat

E. platydisca ms is known only from Jimberlana Hill and Mt Norcott, north-east of Norseman, a geographic range of 18km. It grows in dark brown, sandy loam amongst granite boulders, in open shrub-mallee (E. oleosa) over Triodia andStipa. Associated plants include species of Allocasuarina, Solanum, Santalum and Eremophila scoparia.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Jimberlana Hill,N Esp Dund Unvested Res. 19.11.92 200+ Good2 Mt Norcott Esp Dund VCL 2.11.90 1 500 Good

Response to Disturbance

Has been observed regenerating after a fire in 1983.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown but it occurs in an area not considered at risk from Phytophthora species.

Summary and Recommendations

Jimberlana Hill has been recommended as a nature reserve, however the proposal has been opposed by the Departmentof Minerals and Energy. Currently, the population remains undisturbed.

Further survey of the Dundas Hills is required.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hopper et al. (1990).

35

Kennedia beckxiana (F.Muell.) F.Muell. PAPILIONACEAECape Arid Kennedia

A slender, prostrate or climbing legume with bright green or bluish-green trifoliolate leaves. The leaflets haveprominent veins, are ovate and 25-40 mm long. The flowers are large (35-50 mm long) and borne singly or in shortracemes which are encircled at the base by prominent, large, fused bracts. Flowers are bright red and have a distinctivegreenish-yellow blotch at the base of the broad standard. The big, turgid pods grow to 70 mm long and have a long,pointed tip.

Flowering Period: August - December

Distribution and Habitat

Kennedia beckxiana occurs between Condingup and Israelite Bay, a range of about 100 km. It is usually found ongranite hills or in coastal sandhills around granite. It grows in dense scrub of mixed proteaceous and myrtaceousspecies.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 50+ Post-fire1b Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire1c Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 500+ Post-fire2 Gora Hill,SW Esp Esp NP - - -3 Bebenorin Hill Esp Esp VCL 13.10.83 - -4 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR - - -5 Howick Hill Esp Esp - 10.44 - -6 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 10.3.89 10 -7a Little Tagon Bay Pt Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 200+ Degen.7b Dolphin Cove Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 2 Degen.7c Tagon Beach Esp Esp NP 30.8.89 4 -7d Lake Boolenup Esp Esp NP 12.92 2 Fair7e Thomas River Esp Esp NP 12.92 5 Fair7f Campsite Esp Esp NP 12.92 1 Fair8 Russell Range Esp Esp NP 1889 - -

Response to Disturbance

Fire regenerates this species by breaking seed dormancy and providing the conditions for it to proliferate. This situationwas observed at Mt Ragged 26 months after the hot fire in February 1991, where K. beckxiana smothered dead trees andshrubs over large areas. Plants had already flowered and dispersed seed by this time.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

36

Summary and Recommendations

K. beckxiana is widespread in the Cape Arid National Park where it should remain secure. In areas which have not beenburnt for many years it is only found as a few scattered plants near outcropping granite; many of the plants at theselocalities are rapidly degenerating, e.g. at Little Tagon Bay Point (pop. no. 7a) only about 20 healthy plants were found,while more than 100 were dying and 50 were already dead.

This species, although it has a restricted distribution and is rare in mature plant communities, does not appear to bethreatened. Reassessment of its Declared Rare Flora status is warranted.

References

Hopper et al. (1990), Mueller (1880), Newbey (1983).

37

Lambertia echinata R.Br. subsp. echinata PROTEACEAEPrickly Honeysuckle

A much-branched shrub which grows up to 1 m tall, with hairy stems. The leaves are arranged in whorls of 3, are up to4 cm long and taper towards the stems; they are divided into 3-5 lobes with long, sharp points, and there are prominentveins on the underside. The 4 perianth segments of the flowers are united to form a long tube (5 cm) which is broad atthe top. As the flowers open, the segments coil down spirally enclosing the stamens. Flowers are pink-red and usuallyin groups of 7. The woody fruits are grey, shiny and nearly 2 cm long, including the beak.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

This species is known only from one site in the Cape Le Grand National Park, a sub-population 500 m distant has died,probably from Phytophthora dieback. It grows on a mixture of pure laterite and granite sheeting on windswept coastalslopes. The vegetation is very rich coastal heath, with Dryandra and Calothamnus dominating.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 3 Threatened

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Field observations suggest very high susceptibility.

Summary and Recommendations

Only three Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata plants are known to exist, and these occur on two small 'islands' in agravel pit. The other known locality, only 500 m away, had 5 plants in undisturbed vegetation but these died recently,probably due to dieback (Phytophthora spp.).

This species is critically endangered, particularly as is it appears to be susceptible to dieback. A recovery plan isurgently required to develop a management strategy for this species' survival. Propagation should be a high priority sothat a secure number of plants can be established in cultivation. Viable seed has been collected by the CALMThreatened Flora Species Centre.

A detailed map showing the localities where different people have searched for this species in the Cape Le GrandNational Park is needed at the Ranger's Office. Further survey is urgently required.

References

Bentham (1870), Curry (1992-3), Erickson et al. (1979), Hopper et al. (1990), Rye and Hopper (1981).

38

Myoporum turbinatum Chinnock MYOPORACEAESalt Myoporum

An erect shrub to 4 m tall, which is at first multistemmed and broom-like, but eventually consists of one or a few longslender stems with leafy branches restricted to the uppermost part. Both branches and leaves are sticky and haveprominent wart-like protuberances. Leaves are alternate, shiny, dark green in colour, linear (11-80 x 1 mm) and have amidrib which is distinctly grooved on both surfaces. The leaf margins have small conical teeth which are more obvioustowards the tip. Flowers are dull white but often tinged with lilac and have 4 stamens which are exserted just beyond thepetals. There are 4 to 8 flowers per axil. Fruits are flattened, beaked at the end and have 4 ribs or wings.

Myoporum turbinatum is similar to M. platycarpum, except for the fruits which are not flattened in the latter species.

Flowering Period: May, October - February

Distribution and Habitat

M. turbinatum is known only from a small area, less than 15 km wide, north-east of Esperance. It occurs on the marginsof saline depressions in sandy duplex soils. It grows in mallee-heath scrub and associated species include Melaleucasp., Hakea laurina and various Eucalyptus spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 30.5.89 3 Average2 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Private 10.10.93 4 Good3 Heywood Rd Esp Esp NR & } 10.10.93 4 Alive & Degen.

Shire Rd Res. } 4 Dead4 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.93 26 Alive & Degen.

& Private } 7 Dead4a Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.92 37+ Alive & Degen.

& Private } 24 Dead5 Heywood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. } 10.10.92 16 Alive & Average

& Private } 2 Dead6 Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 7.11.81 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Some disturbance appears to be beneficial, as plants on firebreaks were observed to be in better condition thanundisturbed plants.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Although M. turbinatum appears to be a disturbance opportunist with individuals being relatively short-lived, it is verygeographically restricted. The known populations of M. turbinatum occur on road reserves adjacent to cleared farmland

39

and have the potential to be disturbed by either road grading or firebreak maintenance activities. Road markers arerequired.

Sections of the Beaumont Group Nature Reserve (Nos. 32130 and 32783) have the potential to encompass furtherpopulations of this species. A small control burn in Reserve No. 32783 is recommended to regenerate and assess anyundetected populations. This would also provide data on the response of M. turbinatum to fire and its life history.

The majority of plants on private property are unfenced and could eventually be grazed out. Liaison with landholdersand fencing of populations to exclude livestock is urgently required.

References

Chinnock (1985), Hopper et al. (1990), Newbey (1983).

40

Myriophyllum petraeum Orchard HALORAGACEAEGranite Myriophyllum

An annual aquatic herb, with weak stems, 15-20 cm long. The linear leaves are alternate, and emergent leaves arelonger and broader than submerged ones. Separate male and female flowers are borne singly in the axils of the upperleaves. Flowers are sessile and 4-merous; the males have 4 white petals and 8 stamens, while the females are withoutpetals or sepals. The yellow-brown to red-brown fruits have 4 cylindrical mericarps which separate freely at maturity.

This species has no close relatives.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Myriophyllum petraeum is distributed between Southern Cross and Mt Ragged, a geographical range of over 400 km. Itis confined to ephemeral rock pools, 10-30 cm deep, on granitic outcrops. The plants collapse when pools dry out at theend of summer and must re-establish themselves from seed with the next season's rainfall.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 30.9.83 - -2 Mt Beaumont,NE Esp Esp VCL 29.9.83 - -3 Moir Rock Esp Esp VCL 15.9.76 - -4 25 Mile Rocks Esp Dund NR 20.11.92 250 Good5 Caenyie Rock Gold Cool - 26.8.81 Rare -6 Split Rocks Mer Yil VCL 17.10.90 80 Disturbed7 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 1.10.68 - -8 Junana Rock Esp Esp NP 16.8.80 - -9 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 16.11.76 - -10 Mt Madden Kat LG Water Res. 26.10.92 500 Part-grazed11 Nulla Nulla,N Mer Yil Private 10.9.89 315 Undisturbed12 Bullarragin Mer West Private 2.9.89 434 Disturbed13 Thomas River Esp Esp NP 21.11.89 - -14 71 Mile Rocks Gold Cool Water Res. 1988 <20 Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

41

M. petraeum has very specialised habitat requirements, often being found at a site in only one or two rock pools whenpotentially many more are available. Disturbances which would likely affect the survival of this species includepollution, grazing by feral goats, inappropriate drainage caused by using the granitic outcrop as a water catchment area,and increased nutrients in the water resulting from fertiliser drift. Monitoring of known populations every 1-2 years isnecessary to document population dynamics during seasonal wet and dry cycles.

References

Hopper et al. (1990), Mollemans et al. (1993), Orchard (1985).

42

Prostanthera carrickiana B.J.Conn LAMIACEAECarrick's Mintbush

An erect shrub, 50 cm tall, with densely hairy branches. Leaves are hairless and elliptical in shape (13-14 x 6-8 mm).Flowers are 23-26 mm long, pinkish-red, hairless at the base of the corolla but moderately to densely hairy towards thetip; the inner surface of the corolla is hairless. There are 2-6 flowers per inflorescence.

This species does not appear to have any close affinities with any other Prostanthera species occurring in WesternAustralia.

Flowering Period: April - May

Distribution and Habitat

P. carrickiana is only known from three localities, between Clyde Hill and Mt Burraminya, with a 20 km range. Itoccurs in open mallee with a low shrub understorey in greyish-brown sandy clay soils and in rock crevices.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora#

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp ?Private & NR 3.5.83 10 -2 Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp Private - 10 -3 Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 16.6.90 1 000+ Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

According to Burgman (1985b), the area near Clyde Hill where populations nos. 1 and 2 of P. carrickiana grow arebeing developed for agriculture. Information on the specimens at the Western Australian Herbarium suggests that pop.no. 1 may occur within the Clyde Hill Nature Reserve. A survey in May 1993 failed to locate this population. Surveysto relocate the populations near Clyde Hill are urgently required. The Mt Burraminya population is large, in a relativelyremote area and appears quite stable and under no immediate risk (W. Archer, personal communication).

References

Burgman (1985b), Conn (1987), Hopper et al. (1990).

# now Priority 4 (updated at December 1999)

43

Rhizanthella gardneri R.S.Rogers ORCHIDACEAEUnderground Orchid

A succulent saprophytic herb with thick horizontal subterranean stems. The tulip-like flower heads develop just underthe soil surface. Each head contains 20-90 small flowers (6 x 5 mm) surrounded by 6 to 12 large, cream or red-cream,spreading bracts (10-30 x 5-10 mm) that cracks open the soil surface as the head matures. Occasionally the tips of thefloral bracts protrude through the leaf litter, leaving a tiny opening.

Flowering Period: May - July

Distribution and Habitat

Rhizanthella gardneri is known from two widely separated areas, in the Esperance District it occurs in the Munglinup-Oldfield River District; the other area lies between Corrigin and Wubin in the central Wheatbelt. A few plants are alsoknown in New South Wales and there have been reports of R. gardneri being found in South Australia. In WesternAustralia it grows in association with Melaleuca uncinata, which often forms dense thickets.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Babakin Nar BR NR 1982 110 -2 Sorenson's Res. Nar BR NR 1982 6 -3 Dallinup Esp Rav Private 1982 10 -4 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR. 1982 4 -5 Oldfield River Esp Rav VCL 1982 4 -6 Corrigin,W Nar Cor Unvested Res. 1982 50-60 -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A comprehensive report on the biology, distribution and management of R. gardneri was prepared by Kingsley Dixonand John Pate (1984) following extensive surveys during 1981-82. They indicate that management of the orchidrequires successful management of the whole vegetational system which supports the Melaleuca uncinata thickets inwhich R. gardneri is known or suspected to reside. In the Esperance District, firebreaks need to be well maintainedaround populations to prevent burns escaping from adjoining farmland. The impact of rabbits appears to be negligibleat present, but monitoring is required. A nature reserve has been proposed to incorporate the Oldfield River population(no. 5); this proposal requires further action. A recent report has been prepared on the population genetics and lifehistory of this species (Carstairs and Coates 1994).

References

Carstairs and Coates (1994), Dixon and Pate (1984), Hargreaves (1993), Hoffman and Brown (1992), Hopper et al.(1990), Leigh and Briggs (1992).

44

Ricinocarpos trichophorus Muell.Arg. EUPHORBIACEAEBarrens Wedding Bush

An erect, openly spreading shrub to 0.6 m tall, with stems covered in grey felt-like hairs. The narrow leaves (25-80 x1.5 mm) lack stalks, are dark green above and greyish felt-like below, and have margins rolled back toward the midrib(revolute). Flowers are white and unisexual; the females have 3 divided styles while the males have numerous stamenswhich are joined at the base to form a central column. The flowers are borne on long, pinkish-brown stalks (up to 20mm), with 6-10 flowers at the end of each branch. Fruits are about 10 mm long, grey, hairy and surrounded by thepersistent sepals; they split into 3 slits to release the dark, glossy seeds.

Flowering Period: March - May, August - November

Distribution and Habitat

Ricinocarpos trichophorus is a common but localised component of post-fire regeneration of mallee scrublands. Itprefers rocky, sandy clay sites along watercourses or areas which collect run-off, such as granite rocks or breakaways.Associated species include Eucalyptus lehmannii, E. tetragona, Melaleuca uncinata, Glischrocaryon aureum andAllocasuarina spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Twertup Alb Jer NP 17.3.93 3 Healthy1b Twertup,E Alb Jer NP 7.12.93 20 Healthy1c Fitzgerald Valley Alb Jer NP 24.5.85 Dense Healthy2 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Post-fire3 Mt Beaumont Esp Esp VCL 8.83 Few -

Response to Disturbance

Two years after a hot burn (January 1991), R. trichophorus was abundant and flowering on Mt Heywood, havingregenerated largely by root suckers. According to K.R. Newbey (unpublished data), plants growing from seed have theirfirst seed set after 4 years.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Resurvey of the Mt Beaumont population is required following the burn in 1991.

References

Hopper et al. (1990), Robinson and Coates (1995), Rye and Hopper (1981).

45

Presumed Extinct Taxa

Opercularia acolytantha Diels RUBIACEAE

A plant, 8-10 cm tall, with hairless stems. Lower leaves are minute while the upper ones are linear or slightly broaderbetween the middle and tip of the leaf (10-15 x 1-3 mm), acute and scarcely rough to touch (scabrous). Inflorescencestalks are long and recurve towards the globular flower head. Flowers are separate from one another; calyx tubes are 2.5mm long. Seeds (1.5-2 mm) are 3-sided with lateral appendages.

Opercularia acolytantha is similar to O. vaginata except for the calyx tubes which are all joined together in the latterspecies, and free from each other in the former.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

O. acolytantha was originally collected near Esperance Bay, and according to Diels and Pritzel (1905) "appeared to usas being [a] genuine sand plant. We saw [it] settled on the most loose soil."

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Esperance Bay Esp Esp - 1901 - -

Response to Disturbance

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Summary and Recommendations

There is no known specimen of O. acolytantha. Herbaria that have been searched include those in Australia, Britain andBerlin. The type specimen was collected by Diels and probably lodged in Berlin where many specimens were destroyedduring World War II. Duplicates of Diels collections are widely distributed and another specimen may eventually turnup elsewhere.

References

Diels and Pritzel (1905), Grieve and Blackall (1982).

46

Taraxacum cygnorum Hand.-Mazz. ASTERACEAEDandelion

A somewhat slender plant, up to 15 cm tall, which is possibly a short-lived perennial. Roots are simple or few-headed;the neck being somewhat scaly with fragments of old leaves, and moderately long-hairy. Leaves are erect (apparently),hairless, almost membranous, broad-lanceolate (5-25 mm wide), somewhat obtuse, long-attenuate below, and lightlytoothed. There are 1-4 floral stalks (scapes) which are sub-erect, slender, loosely woolly when young, but eventuallyhairless, and longer than the leaves when flowering. Flower heads are rather small (to 20 mm); involucral bracts aregrey-green, not horned, with about 9 each in the inner and outer series. Sulphureous flowers are a little longer than theinvolucrum; achenes are large (7 mm), up to 40, cylindrical, dark purple, densely covered with wide, thick wartyprotuberances; the rostrum is straight, slender and equal in length to the achene; the pappus (5-6 mm) is white.

Flowering Period: Late winter

Distribution and Habitat

Taraxacum cygnorum was originally collected in the south-west of Australia between Swan River and Cape Riche.Another specimen, lodged in the Melbourne Herbarium, was collected from Israelite Bay.

Conservation Status

Current: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR - - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Recent studies by Neville Scarlett (N. Marchant, personal communication) suggest that T. cygnorum is naturallyoccurring in Victoria and Bass Strait Islands where it grows in undisturbed coastal dunes in calcareous sand. N. Lander(personal communication) has viewed both the Victorian specimens and an isosyntype of T. cygnorum held at Geneva,and believed them to be separate taxa.

One specimen collected in the north of the state (W. Archer, personal communication) cannot be accurately determineduntil the type specimen has been inspected. The characters that distinguish this taxon from other Taraxacum appeardifficult to define (G. Perry, personal communication). Further taxonomic work is required.

In April 1993, a survey at Israelite Bay failed to locate T. cygnorum.

References

Handel-Mazzetti (1907).

63

PART THREE: PRIORITY FLORA IN THE ESPERANCE DISTRICT

The taxa treated in this section are those listed (P1, P2, and P3) on CALM's Priority Flora List (28 October 1992) forthe Esperance District. The priority categories are outlined in section 1.4. The treatments follow the format in Part 2but generally do not include detailed recommendations for management and research actions.

Priority One, Two and Three taxa require further surveys to determine their conservation status as they do not meet thesurvey requirements for gazettal as Declared Rare Flora. They may be added to the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora ifthey prove to be truly rare, in danger of extinction or deemed to be threatened and in need of special protection. Wherepossible, populations of these taxa, particularly those listed as Priority One and Two, should be protected from damageor destruction.

Priority Four taxa have been adequately surveyed and have not been further treated in this document. They are usuallyrepresented on conservation reserves and are not presently threatened or in need of special protection. Their status maychange if present circumstances alter (e.g. land clearing, introduction or spread of Phytophthora dieback disease) andthey may go onto (or back onto) the Schedule of Declared Rare Flora. These species should be monitored duringroutine operations.

Descriptions of species were compiled by consulting references and from discussion with botanists. Distribution andhabitat were recorded from Departmental Rare Flora files. The list of known populations generally refers to those in theEsperance District although there may be some populations listed which occur outside the District. Herbarium recordsmay indicate a wider range and larger numbers of populations, some of which are known to have been destroyed sincethe time of collection.

64

A. Priority One Taxa

Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List there are 75 Priority One taxa known from within the boundaries of theEsperance District. Of these, 37 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-populations were found for 26 taxa.

The following taxa are not included, as current information indicates that they are not distributed in the EsperanceDistrict:

Acacia rhamphophylla msBossiaea strigillosaDryandra sp. 36 (A.S.George 16721)Frankenia bracteataGuichenotia apetalaHaloragis scopariaLachnostachys ferruginea var. paniculata forma paniculataMicrocorys pimeleoidesMicrocorys wilsonianaPterostylis turfosaSpyridium sp. Ravensthorpe (E.M.Bennett s.n.) = S. glaucum ms

The following taxa have been deleted as they were found to be another taxon:

Acacia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 9681) = Acacia singulaEucalyptus sp. F (K.R.Newbey 9772)= Eucalyptus litoreaEremophila sp. Mt Heywood (K.R.Newbey 8180)= Eremophila biserrataLeucopogon sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 1482)= Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173)Leucopogon sp. Peak Charles (M.A.Burgman 1476)= Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831)Pultenaea sp. Clyde Hill (K.R.Newbey 8236)= Pultenaea elachistaPultenaea sp. Sheoak Hill (K.R.Newbey 8003a)= Pultenaea confertaPultenaea sp. Sparkle Hill (K.R.Newbey 2690)= Pultenaea neurocalyx

The following taxa were renamed during the project:

Acacia sp. Niblick Hill (K.R.Newbey 9726)= Acacia diaphana msAotus sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 3835) & Pultenaea sp. Fitzgerald River (M.A.Burgman 3835)= Otion rigidum msDiuris sp. Gibson (A.P.Brown 243)= Diuris concinnaEucalyptus sp. Beaumont (M.A.Burgman 3135)= Eucalyptus burgmaniana msEucalyptus sp. Jimberlana Hill (A.Taylor s.n. 13.11.87)= Eucalyptus jimberlanicaEucalyptus sp. Pyramid Lake (M.I.H.Brooker 9526) = Eucalyptus delicata ms

65

Gratiola sp. Cape Arid (G.J.Keighery s.n.)= Gratiola pedunculataLatrobea sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)& Pultenaea sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)= Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532)Leucopogon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 3700) [aff. hamulosus]= Leucopogon sp. Mt Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211)Spyridium sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 6718)= Spyridium minutum msStachystemon sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 9773)= Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773)

66

Acacia diaphana R.S.Cowan & Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A bushy, spreading shrub to 3 m tall, with branches dividing near ground level into 3-4 main stems. Branches aresmooth, dull greyish-brown; new growth is angular with resinous margins and a white powdery ('pruinose') surface.Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow and slightly elliptical (30-70 x 2.5-4 mm), flexible, one central nerve, strongly resinousalong the margin (often in obvious droplets) and bright lightish green in colour. Flower heads are globular, golden, with2-3 borne on a main axis in the axils of phyllodes.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia diaphana ms is distributed between Niblick Hill and Mt Coobaninya, with a range of about 50 km. It occurs insandy loam and mottled clay in small, freshwater depressions. It grows in low open woodland in association withEucalyptus occidentalis, A. cyclops and Lepidosperma leptophyllum.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Buraminya,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.5.81 Rare -2 Clyde Hill,N Esp Esp ?Private 19.9.84 - -3 Niblick Hill,W Esp Esp Private 24.2.83 Common -4 Mt Willgonarinya,W Esp Esp VCL 22.9.90 - -5 Mt Buraminya,E Esp Esp VCL 15.9.90 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. diaphana ms is poorly known and possibly rare and vulnerable. The two most southern populations occur inagricultural areas and are threatened by clearing. In 1983, the population near Niblick Hill (no. 3) was not fenced fromstock (Newbey 1983). Resurvey of all populations is required.

References

Newbey (1983).

67

Acacia diminuta Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

An intricately branched, spreading shrub, 15-20 cm tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are hairless, linear to oblong (3-5 x 1 mm),with a slightly upturned, sharp spiny tip; a gland may be present on the upper margin near the middle of the phyllode.Flower heads are globular and cream to yellow in colour. Legumes (20 x 4-5 mm) are slightly constricted between theseeds.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia diminuta ms is known from a few scattered localities between Jerramungup and Scaddan, over a range of 200km. It grows in sandy clay soils in shrub mallee.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Ravensthorpe,WNW Alb Rav - 30.10.65 - -2 Scaddan,N Esp Esp - 2.11.68 - -3 Esperance,W Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. diminuta ms is poorly known and possibly rare and endangered. Access to the population in Nature Reserve No.30583 is through dense scrub thicket; resurvey (with access requested via the adjoining landowner) is required. Surveysin the Scaddan area in 1992 failed to locate population no. 2. Further survey is required.

68

Acacia dorsenna Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A dense, rounded shrub, 1.5 m tall and 3 m broad. The bark is smooth, light grey with the extremities of youngbranches being light brownish to yellowish-green. Phyllodes ('leaves') are asymmetrically elliptical in shape and have asmall, spiny tip. A small gland is present on the upper margin near the base of the phyllode. Foliage is dull green andturns very slightly shiny with age. The globular flower heads are large (about 9 mm diam.) and bright, mid-golden incolour. Legumes are narrowly oblong (60 x 11 mm) and conspicuously rounded over the seeds.

Acacia dorsenna may be mistaken for A. merrallii or a large phyllode form of A. camptoclada. A. dorsenna isdistinguished by its larger phyllodes, which do not have a stiff, sharp point, and the gland is close to the base; legumesare straight and larger.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

A. dorsenna is known only from a restricted area (less than 20 km) north of Norseman where it grows on low rocky hills.Soils are reddish sandy loams with limestone.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Thirsty,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 50-100 Part-dist.2 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 27.9.69 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. dorsenna appears to be extremely rare. The only known populations are on Main Road Reserves, which are partiallydisturbed. In 1992, a survey for A. dorsenna led to the location of the population north of Norseman (no. 2). Furthersurvey is urgently required to determine the conservation status of this species.

69

Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A shrub or small tree, 1.6-2 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear-oblanceolate (30-55 x 3-4 mm), slightly incurved, andacute and finely pointed at the tip. A gland is situated 1-5 mm from the base. Narrow appendages at the base of thephyllodes (stipules, 2 mm) are occasionally persistent. The golden flower heads are globular, 16-32 flowered withgenerally 2 heads borne per cluster (raceme) on a stalk (3-6 mm). Legumes are black, almost cylindrical (70 x 2-3 mm),barely constricted between the seeds, and curved to once coiled.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia mutabilis subsp. incurva ms is known from two areas, over 220 km apart, near the Young River and betweenOngerup and Pingrup. It grows on slightly undulating plain in sand or sandy loam, in very open shrub mallee and denseheath. Associated species include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. stoatei and Melaleuca subtrigona.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 11.9.92 Common Healthy2 Ongerup,E Alb Gno - 22.9.73 - -3 Ongerup,NW Alb Gno - 9.12.62 - -4 Pingrup,SE Kat Kent - - - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. mutabilis subsp. incurva ms is poorly known. A recent survey has significantly extended the known range of thistaxon. Further survey in the upper reaches of the Young River is required.

70

Acacia sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 1833b) MIMOSACEAE

A shrub, less than 50 cm tall. Young branches are covered in short, felt-like hairs which are pressed close to the stem.Phyllodes ('leaves') are cylindrical (terete, 90-130 x 1.5 mm), thick, curve inwards and have a sharp spine at the tip. Theglobular flower heads are small (3 mm diam.), 10-flowered and borne singly on short stalks (2 mm) in phyllode axils.

Flowering Period: August

Distribution and Habitat

This taxa is known from only one collection. The plant occurs in very open shrub mallee and mid-dense shrub (less than0.5 m tall), in reddish sand and clay in a depression near a clay pan.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,NNW Esp Esp VCL 7.8.83 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Acacia sp. Esperance is very poorly known and possibly rare. The known location is remote but may be threatened byclearing for agriculture. Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

71

Allocasuarina globosa L.A.S.Johnson CASUARINACEAE

A shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 m tall, with separate male and female plants. The joints of the branches (articles, 17-28 x 1 mm) aresmooth and have short hairs in the furrows. There are 10-12 short teeth (0.6-1.0 mm) at the end of each joint. Thecones are subglobose in shape (15-17 x 13-15 mm) and attached directly to the branch. Markings on the cones arearranged in squares. Immediately below the calyx of the flower there are 2 small bracteoles which have an obtuse apexdivided into 3 pyramidal bodies that are separated by a tiny, sharp point.

Allocasuarina globosa differs from A. scleroclada by having shorter teeth, slender articles and divided bracteoles. Itcan be distinguished from A. campestris and A. tesselata by having longer articles, shorter cones, and the form of thedivided bracteoles on the cone.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

A. globosa is known from only two populations, both on hilltops of basaltic rock, which are 120 km apart. At Mt Deansthis species forms the dominant shrubland species, while at Mt Day other Allocasuarinas, A. campestris and A. helmsii,are present. The mallee Eucalyptus oleosa var. oleosa occurs at both sites.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Day Esp Dund VCL 25.10.64 - -2 Mt Deans Esp Dund Timber Res. 27.11.91 1 200 Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A. globosa has very specific habitat requirements and is possibly threatened by mining activities. At Mt Deans, althoughthere is no current mining activity, the area is heavily pegged. Resurvey to locate the Mt Day population, and furthersurvey of the Bremer Range is required.

References

Beard (1969), Wilson and Johnson (1989).

72

Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra F.Muell. ex Benth. MYRTACEAE

A straggly to dense, wide-spreading shrub to 1 m tall and 1 m wide. Leaves are shiny, thick, triquetrous, oblong (2-3mm) and obtuse at the tip. Flowers are small with pale mauve petals. The calyx is finely honeycombed. Bracteoles arerarely seen as they fall off early. The ovary is 3-celled with 2 ovules per cell. The 15-20 stamens are in a single row,separate, with longer ones occurring opposite the petals; the filaments are slender and cylindrical.

Flowering Period: May, August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra is distributed from near Truslove to Israelite Bay, a range of 200 km. It grows inwhite sand in open woodland and shrub communities, associated with Banksia media, Grevillea aneura andConostephium drummondii.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 20+ Good2* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 5+ Good3 Clyde Hill,NNW Esp Esp VCL 4.5.83 - -4a Mt Ney,SW Esp Esp NR - - -4b Kau Rock Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.85 - -5 Wittenoom Hills,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.70 - -6 Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 9.6.72 - -7 Kau Rock,SE Esp Esp VCL 5.9.84 - -8 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 14.9.91 5+ -9 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 9.02 - -10 Scaddan Esp Esp - 9.92 - -11 Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 16.8.82 - -12 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp - 10.3.80 Rare -13 Oldfield River Esp Rav - 12.40 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Baeckea crassifolia var. icosandra is known to occur in three Nature Reserves. It is also common between Mt Ridleyand Mt Buraminya (W. Archer, personal communication), an area of Crown Land which is not currently threatened byclearing for agriculture. The genus is currently under taxonomic revision (M. Trudgen, personal communication).

References

Blackall and Grieve (1980).

73

Caladenia tentaculata Schltdl. ORCHIDACEAEGreen-comb Spider Orchid, Fringed Spider Orchid

An orchid, 25-35 cm tall. Leaves are narrow (80-120 x 6-12 mm) and hairy. Flowers are large (60-80 x 50-60 mm),spider-like, with 1 or 2 per plant.

Caladenia tentaculata differs from other members of the C. dilatata complex in its green and white flowers, hanging(tentacle-like) rather than upcurved sepals and extremely long-fringed labellum (the modified lower petal which is oftenreferred to as the lip or tongue).

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

C. tentaculata is known from a few widely scattered localities, over 200 km apart, from near Jerramungup to theCascades area. It grows in mallee woodland adjacent to seasonal creeks.

This species is also found in South Australia and Victoria, where it is common in forest, woodland or rough scrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lort River Esp Esp VCL 31.8.78 2 -1993 Not found -

2 Young River Esp Rav - 1993 3 -3 Jerramungup Alb Jer ?Private 20.9.78 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

C. tentaculata is considered rare by Hoffman and Brown (1992), and although it closely resembles species found in theeastern States, more taxonomic work is required to determine whether the western form is, in fact, the same species (A.Brown, personal communication).

Surveys by A. Brown (personal communication) have failed to relocate any plants at the Lort River locality (pop. no. 1).In Western Australia, this taxon is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.

References

Bates and Weber (1990), Hoffman and Brown (1992).

74

Chorizema circinale J.M.Taylor & Crisp PAPILIONACEAE

A small shrub, about 30 cm tall, arising from a thick, woody rootstock. Stems and branches are wiry, weak, and coveredwith short, pale hairs. Leaves are often sparse, oblong-shaped (4-12 x 2-4 mm) with margins that are curved backstrongly towards the midrib (revolute). The tip of the leaf is rolled backwards, like a coil (circinate), and has a fine,sharp point; the upper surface of the leaf shows conspicuous veins and is almost hairless, while the under side is coveredwith dense, persistent hairs. The broad, upright petal (standard, 13 mm x 13 mm) and wings of the flowers are dullyellow with orange-red markings, whereas the keel is yellow or greenish. The calyx (7-9 mm) is covered with dense,grey or white hairs; the 2 upper lobes are united. The pod (11 x 5 mm) is usually nodding, has a pointed tip, and iscovered with soft hairs.

Chorizema circinale superficially resembles C. cytisoides, C. obtusifolium, C. ulotropis and C. uncinatum, which allhave narrow leaves with a conspicuous network of veins and margins that curve backwards. C. cytisoides andC. obtusifolium can be distinguished by their leaves which are more than 12 mm long; C. ulotropis has linear leaves,about 1 mm wide; and C. uncinatum has hooked leaves which rarely curve backwards strongly and are never coiled; italso has more numerous flowers.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

C. circinale is known from only two localities, one, 50 km WNW of Grasspatch and the other, 70 km to the north-west,near Ninety Mile Tank. It grows on yellow sand or sandy clay loam in an almost flat or undulating landscape.Associated vegetation is usually heath which may include Grevillea excelsior, G. aneura, Banksia elderiana,Allocasuarina campestris, Verticordia spp. and Melaleuca spp.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fields Road Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.9.93 50-100 Part-dist.& VCL 30% Grazed

2 Ninety Mile Esp Dund VCL 16.12.79 - -Tank,W

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

C. circinale appears to be extremely rare. The Fields Road population (no. 1) is immediately adjacent to a gravel pitand is threatened by further extension of the pit. Apparently this area was burned in 1983, prior to being cleared andripped (Taylor and Crisp 1992). About 30% of the plants have been grazed (1993 survey), possibly by rabbits. Liaisonwith the Esperance Shire is urgently required to prevent further disturbance of the population. Further survey is urgentlyrequired to accurately assess the conservation status of this species.

References

Burgman (1985b), Taylor and Crisp (1992).

75

Chorizema nervosum T.Moore PAPILIONACEAE

An openly branching shrub, 30-70 cm tall, with numerous branches from the base that are covered in short hairs. Leavesare nearly round (7-14 x 8-14 mm) with a conspicuous network of veins, have a long sharp point and curve slightlybackwards at the tip; the margins are crinkled. Flowers are borne in terminal or axillary racemes (4-12 cm) with 5-10flowers on stalks (3-4 mm). The calyx (3.5-5 mm) is scattered with short hairs and the upper 2 lobes are united into abroad lip with 1 mm free. The corolla has a large, yellow-orange upright petal (standard, 6-9 x 8-11 mm), yellow-orange wings and an orange-red keel that is much shorter than the wings.

The pod is nodding, ovoid (8-12 x 4-6 mm) and acute at the tip.

Flowering Period: July - September

Distribution and Habitat

Chorizema nervosum is distributed over a range of nearly 350 km, from near Bremer Bay to Cape Arid, and extendsinland to near Jerramungup, Mt Ney and Mt Ragged. It is found in numerous habitats, including sand, sandy clay, andon rocky slopes and gullies. Associated vegetation may be shrubland, coastal heath or low mallee-heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 10.84 - -2 Mt Burdett,SSE Esp Esp Shire Rd Verge 25.9.92 1 Average3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 4.8.83 - -4 Thomas River Esp Esp - 7.38 - -5 Quoin Head,NE Alb Rav NP 16.7.71 - -6* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 5 Good7* Pt Malcolm Rd Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 30+ Good8* Sheoaks Hill,NW Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 100+ Good9* Gora Rd Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 500+ Post-fire10a* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 40+ Post-fire10b* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 100+ Post-fire10c Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 50+ Post-fire11* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 1 Average12* Young River,W Esp Esp ?VCL 9.9.93 20+ Good13* Fence Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Verge 8.9.93 4 Disturbed14* Loc. 1040 Alb Rav VCL 11.8.93 500+ Good15 Eyre Range Alb Rav NP 2.11.65 - -16 Fitzgerald Alb Rav - 23.8.63 - -17 Gairdner River Alb Jer - 27.6.60 - -18 Bremer Bay,NW Alb Jer - 8.7.67 - -19 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 1875 - -

* = new population

76

Response to Disturbance

Numerous seedlings were found growing 26 months after a hot fire (February 1991) in the Mt Ragged area; the majorityof these plants had not yet flowered or set seed. One of the largest and most vigorous populations was found south-westof Ravensthorpe (pop. no. 14) which has had no known disturbance for at least 30 years; the last fire was in the mid1960s.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Recent surveys have found C. nervosum to be widespread and well represented in five conservation reserves.

References

Taylor and Crisp (1992).

77

Coleanthera coelophylla (A.Cunn.) Benth. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect, bushy shrub, 30-60 cm tall. Young branches, leaves and leaf margins are covered with soft hairs. Leaves areovate to lanceolate (14 x 5 mm) and strongly striate below. White to deep pink flowers are borne singly or rarely inpairs in the leaf axils. The calyx has long hairs around the margins. Corolla lobes are rolled back and bearded inside.The anthers are completely exerted from the corolla tube and joined together at the base to form a purple-red conearound the style.

Flowering Period: May, November

Distribution and Habitat

Coleanthera coelophylla is known only from the Borden-Nyabing area where collections were made more than 60 yearsago, and from near Gibson from a 1901 collection. It grows in gravelly sand in heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Albany,E ?Alb ?Alb - 1800s - -2 Borden Alb Gno - 10.28 - -3 Nyabing Kat Kent - - - -4 Gibson's Soak Esp Esp - 4.11.01 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

C. coelophylla is very poorly known and possibly rare. It has not been collected for over 60 years and further survey isurgently required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981).

78

Conostephium marchantiorum Strid EPACRIDACEAE

A much-branched, erect shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 m tall. Leaves are narrowly oblong-linear (7-11 x 1-2 mm) and crowdedtowards the tips of the branchlets. Both leaves and branchlets are sparsely to moderately covered in short, soft hairs.Leaf margins are rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute), and leaf tips have a short, sharp point. Flowers areabout 10 mm long, solitary and usually hang downwards from the leaf axils. Sepals resemble the bracteoles which aredensely silky-hairy on the outer surface. The lower half of the corolla is yellowish, while the upper section is deepreddish-purple.

Conostephium marchantiorum is closely allied to C. minus and C. uncinatum. The latter species also occurs north ofEsperance; it has more tightly rolled leaves than C. marchantiorum, as well as a leaf apex which bends downwards,which is not present in either C. marchantiorum or C. minus. C. minus only occurs in the Perth-Gingin area.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

C. marchantiorum is distributed over an area of 65 km, from south of Peak Eleanora to near Dalyup and eastwards toScaddan. It grows in grey or light yellow sandy soil, in open mallee and shrub heath communities. Associated speciesinclude Eucalyptus tetragona, E. angulosa, Banksia media, Hakea sp. and Melaleuca spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 17.11.92 12+ Good2a Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 500+ Good2b Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good3 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good4 Scaddan,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 14.3.83 - -

20.11.92 Not found -5 Scaddan,NNW Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 6.9.86 Frequent -

& ?NR6 Coolbidge Ck Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.6.90 Common -7* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 2 Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

79

Summary and Recommendations

C. marchantiorum is found in a relatively large population (no. 2) on Crown Land which is not threatened by clearingfor agriculture at present. It also occurs in at least one and possibly two localities in the Truslove Nature Reserve (pop.nos. 1 and 5) where it should remain secure. In 1992, a survey south of Scaddan failed to relocate population no. 4; theclayey soil typical of the given locality, was inconsistent with the known preferred habitat of C. marchantiorum. Furthersurvey is required.

References

Strid (1986), van der Moezel (1987).

80

Conostephium uncinatum Moezel EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub to 1.5 m tall, with branchlets densely covered in silky, straight hairs. Leaves are narrowly oblong-linear(3-5 x 0.5 mm), tightly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute), and clustered into several groups at the ends ofbranches. The leaf apex has a distinctive brittle, brown point that bends sharply downwards (deflexed). Flowers areabout 10 mm long and solitary in the upper leaf axils. The bracteoles are covered in silky hairs, and are nearly as longas the calyx. The upper half of the corolla is silky-hairy, while the lower half is without hairs.

Conostephium uncinatum is closely related to C. marchantiorum and C. minus. It differs from the latter two species byhaving a deflexed leaf apex, shorter floral parts, and shorter, more tightly rolled leaves. C. marchantiorum occurs in thesame region as C. uncinatum, however C. minus only grows in the Perth-Gingin area.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

C. uncinatum is distributed over an area of about 100 km, between Grass Patch and Clyde Hill. It typically grows inyellow or brown loamy sand or white sand near saline depressions. Associated plants include tall Melaleuca shrubs,open tree mallee of Eucalyptus incrassata and E. angulosa, and open low shrubs including Darwinia luehmannii.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 200+ Good1b* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 4 Good2 Clyde Hill Esp Esp ?NR 19.3.93 - Not found3 Grasspatch,E Esp Esp ? 18.10.82 - -4a Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10 Good4b* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 2 Good4c Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 50+ Good4d* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 3+ Good5 Mt Beaumont Esp Esp ?VCL 31.12.83 - -6a* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Good6b* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 200+ Good

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The majority of known populations occur in Vacant Crown Land north of Mt Heywood and Mt Beaumont. This regionis interspersed with numerous saline lakes and depressions where this species is likely to exist. The area is notthreatened by clearing for agriculture at present. Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b), van der Moezel (1987).

81

Dampiera sericantha F.Muell. ex Benth. GOODENIACEAE

A slender, weak perennial herb, 10-30 cm tall, which lacks hairs except for the flowers. The stems have blunt angles.The oblong to elliptical-shaped leaves (2-9 x 1.5-3 mm) lack stalks, are thick, obtuse at the tip, and may be entire ortoothed along the margins. Flowering branches (to 25 mm) bear 1 to 3 flowers; bracteoles (3 mm) occur immediatelybeneath the flowers. Flowers are blue to pale blue; the corolla (9-11 mm) has fine silvery-grey hairs on the outside; thelobes have wings (1-2 mm wide).

Dampiera sericantha is similar to D. parvifolia which has numerous bracteoles beneath the flowers.

Flowering Period: August - December

Distribution and Habitat

D. sericantha has been found between the Vermin Proof Fence and Cape Le Grand National Park, a distance of 160 km.It grows on sandplain in heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Munglinup,E Esp Esp MRWA Rd Verge 9.9.93 20+ Part-dist.2 VPF Esp Rav - 2.11.62 - -3 Shark Lake Esp Esp - 21.5.69 - -4 Esperance,W Esp Esp - 13.12.60 - -5 Gibson,NW Esp Esp - - - -6 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 1800s - -

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Plants recently surveyed east of Munglinup (pop. no. 1) were most frequent along the Telecom line where disturbancehad created a more open habitat. It is an inconspicuous shrub and its broad distribution suggests that more populationsmay exist. Further survey is required.

References

Bentham (1869), Rajput and Carolin (1992).

82

Darwinia calothamnoides N.G.Marchant ms MYRTACEAE

A straggly shrub, to 1.5 m tall and 0.8 m wide, with pale cream-grey branches. Leaves are crowded towards the branchends, narrow-linear (about 12 mm x 0.7 mm), almost triquetrous, have numerous oil glands on the lower surface; olderleaves drop off leaving prominent leaf scars.

Flowering Period: April - May

Distribution and Habitat

Darwinia calothamnoides ms is known only from Mt Heywood, where it grows in rock crevices and on nearbysandplain.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 6 -1b Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Seedl. Post-fire

Response to Disturbance

A fire burnt the Mt Heywood area in January 1991. More than one thousand seedlings and resuckers ofD. calothamnoides ms were observed in burnt sandplain at the north-west base of Mt Heywood.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Post-fire monitoring of the population and further survey are required.

83

Darwinia sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9775) MYRTACEAE

A shrub, 30-50 cm tall and 30-35 cm wide. Leaves are smooth, obovate (3 x 1.3 mm), thick, upper surface slightlyconvex, lower surface ridged, margins with fine scattered teeth. Red flower heads (8-10 mm across) occur at the branchends and are 6-8 flowered, pendant and numerous. Flowers lack hairs; outer bracts are slightly obovate (6 x 5 mm) andslightly cupped; calyx is obconical (2.7 x 2.3 mm), 5-ridged and smooth; lobes are almost absent; petals are entire (1.4 x1.4 mm); the style protrudes about 4 mm beyond the petals.

Flowering Period: March

Distribution and Habitat

Darwinia sp. Mt Baring is known only from two localities, near Mt Baring and in Kau Rock Nature Reserve. It growsin white sand in mallee and low shrub communities. Associated species may include Eucalyptus tetraptera,Phymatocarpus maxwellii, Astartea ambigua and Calothamnus gracilis.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 12.10.83 Rare -2 Elds Rd Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Darwinia sp. Mt Baring is known to occur in the Kau Rock Nature Reserve. Resurvey of known populations and furthersurvey are required.

References

Newbey (1983).

84

Darwinia sp. Mt Ney (M.A.Burgman & S.McNee 1274) MYRTACEAE

A sprawling or erect shrub, 0.3 to 1.0 m tall and up to 1 m wide. Young branches are cream-coloured. Leaves arenarrow-linear (5-7 mm), thick, ridged on the lower surface. Flowers are large (10 mm across), occur at the ends ofbranches, have red bracts and a white or cream style turning reddish.

Flowering Period: April - May, August, October

Distribution and Habitat

This taxon is known only from near Mt Ney and to the north-west near Crystal Lake, a distribution of about 40 km. Itusually grows on granite in white to reddish sandy clay or in yellow loamy sand, in open to dense scrub, associated withEucalyptus tetragona, Hakea and Calothamnus.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ney,N Esp Esp VCL 7.5.83 - -2 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 1.10.83 - -3* Crystal Lake Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 50+ Post-dist.

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A recent survey extended the known range of this taxon suggesting that it may be more widely distributed than initiallybelieved. It occurs within the Mt Ney Nature Reserve where it should remain secure. Further survey is required.

85

Dicrastylis archeri Munir CHLOANTHACEAE

An erect, spindly shrub, to 1 m tall. Stems are covered in greyish, short, soft hairs. Leaves are opposite, with alternatepairs at right angles to one another (decussate), narrow-oblong (10-20 x 1-2 mm), obtuse at the tip, wrinkled and hairlesson the upper surface while the under side is covered with soft, greyish hairs; margins are curved backwards towards themidrib. Creamy-white flowers are borne in heads (cyme); the terminal flower usually has 4 parts, while the otherflowers in a head are divided into 5 parts. The slender primary stalks (10-25 mm), flower stalks (1-2.5 mm) and corolla(2.5-3 mm) are all covered in short, soft hairs. The stamens (4 or 5) and deeply 2-branched style are extended beyondthe corolla.

Dicrastylis archeri is closely related to D. linearifolia which has larger flowers (5-6 mm), a golden orange or rusty-coloured stem and leaves that end abruptly in a sharp point. D. parvifolia is also similar, and can be distinguished by itsleaves which are covered in soft, greyish hairs on both sides, and smaller flowers (2-2.5 mm).

Flowering Period: December

Distribution and Habitat

D. archeri is known from only one locality, north-north-east of Mt Heywood. It grows in deep sand, in an open malleeand Melaleuca shrub community with Banksia media.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 25 Good

Response to Disturbance

Possibly a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The only known population is on a track which is rarely used. It may be a disturbance opportunist as no plants werefound in the adjacent undisturbed scrub. Further survey is required.

References

Munir (1991).

86

Dicrastylis capitellata Munir CHLOANTHACEAE

A low shrub, 20-25 cm tall, spreading to about 1 m diameter. Stems are densely covered in greyish, soft downy ormatted hairs. Leaves are opposite, with alternate pairs at right angles to one another, narrow-linear (5-15 x 1-1.5 mm),somewhat rough and wrinkled on the upper surface with the underside covered in greyish, soft, matted hairs. Usually, 7flowers are arranged in nearly globular-shaped clusters (5-7 mm diam.) which alternate along the horizontal stems.Flowers (4-4.5 mm) have a 5-lobed calyx which is covered with short, matted hairs on the outside and is hairless inside;the corolla is light purplish-blue, tubular below and usually 4-lobed, with matted hairs on the outside and long hairs onthe inside. The stamens (4 or 5) and deeply 2-branched style are extended beyond the corolla.

Dicrastylis capitellata is closely related to D. microphylla which has stems and both sides of the leaves densely coveredwith grey, short, matted hairs; flower clusters are very woolly. D. nicholasii is also similar, but can be distinguished bythe distinct stalk (15-25 mm) of the flower cluster; whereas the stalks of D. capitellata are only up to 3 mm long.

Flowering Period: December

Distribution and Habitat

D. capitellata is known over a 15 km range, north-east of Mt Heywood. This species grows in well-drained, fine yellowloamy sand in a low-lying, mallee-shrub community, associated with Eucalyptus conglobata, Eremophila serpens,Melaleuca sp. and Gahnia sp.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 1.12.90 - -2 Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 11.12.90 - -3a* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 500+ Good3b* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 000s Post-fire

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Twenty-six months after a fire in January 1991, population no. 3b was found flowering and growing prolifically.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. capitellata occurs in a remote area which is not threatened by clearing for agriculture at present. Monitoring ofpopulation no. 3 is required to determine whether this species is a disturbance opportunist. Further survey is required.

References

Munir (1991).

87

Diuris concinna D.L.Jones ORCHIDACEAEDonkey Orchid

An erect, tuberous herb 20-40 cm tall, which lacks hairs. There are three to five basal, linear leaves (8-13 x 3-4 mm).The one to five flowers are not crowded, clear bright yellow with red-brown markings on the dorsal sepal and labellum.The broadly ovate dorsal sepal (8-14 x 5-8.5 mm) projects forwards and embraces the column in the lower half; theupper margins curve backwards. The lateral sepals (10-17 x 2.5-3.5 mm) are asymmetrically acute, rolled inwards; theinner third is green and the other two thirds purplish. The petals are widely divergent; the lamina is broadly ovate,bright yellow, and strongly curved backwards; the reddish-brown claw (3-6 mm) widens just near the apex. Thelabellum (10-14 mm) is deeply 3-lobed, yellow with basal red-brown markings; the glandular appendages (calli) of thelabellum consist of two incurved red-brown ridges (5-6 mm). The column (4 x 2.5 mm) projects forwards from the endof the ovary; the column wings are white.

Diuris concinna is closely related to D. brevifolia, but it can be distinguished from that species by its much broaderpetals, dorsal sepal and mid-lobe of the labellum. It may be confused with D. setacea which flowers only after fires andhas spirally twisted leaves, and D. filifolia which has stiffly erect, larger flowers which have a rhomboid mid-lobe on thelabellum and broad, short-curved lateral sepals.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

The four known populations of D. concinna occur to the north and north-east of Esperance about 50 km apart. Adisjunct population occurs 200 km to the west in the Fitzgerald River National Park. D. concinna grows in grey-redlaterite, in winter-wet shrubland or heath. Associated species include Eucalyptus tetraptera and Lambertia inermis.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Gibson,N Esp Esp ?Shire Res. 12.10.93 200+ -2 Gibson Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 12.10.93 20+ -3 Gibson,S Esp Esp Timber Res. 12.10.93 40+ Post-dist.4 Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NR 27.10.90 21 Good

14.11.93 Not found -5 Old Ongerup Rd Alb Rav NP 27.9.88 1 -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown, but regrowth may be stimulated by fire.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

88

Summary and Recommendations

The population near Fisheries Road (no. 4) supposedly occurs on the disturbed margin of an old gravel pit, and wasflowering 7 months after the area had been burnt (March 1990). Although this is one of the two known populationsoccurring in a conservation reserve, a survey in November 1993 failed to relocate this population. According toA. Brown (personal communication), D. concinna does not require fire to regenerate.

The population in the Helms Arboretum (no. 2), where the original collection of the species was made in 1985, wascleared in 1988 for arboriculture (Jones 1991). Since then the area has regenerated and D. concinna was again foundthere in 1993. It is recommended that the population be clearly demarcated and no tree planting occur on this site.Monitoring of the population is required.

References

Jones (1991).

89

Dodonaea hexandra F.Muell. SAPINDACEAEHorned Hop Bush

A spreading shrub to 0.6 m tall, with separate male and female plants. The linear (0.6-1.5 x 0.2 mm), sticky leavesappear to cluster at the ends of branches. Leaf margins are strongly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute)causing a channel on the lower surface of the leaf. Leaf tips are acute. Flowers are usually solitary and are borne onshort stalks. There are 3 persistent, ovate sepals per flower. The fruit capsule is 3-angled, globular or oblong-shaped(5-7 x 5-8 mm) and splits into segments when dry.

Flowering Period: May - July

Fruiting Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Dodonaea hexandra is widespread in the southern mallee regions of South Australia, with extensions into north-westVictoria. It has also been found in Tasmania. In Western Australia, D. hexandra has rarely been collected, and onlyvague locality details are available.

In South Australia, this species grows in sandy loams overlying limestone, in mallee scrub communities dominated bytree species such as Eucalyptus incrassata, E. porosa, E. socialis and E. anceps.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 ?Mt Ragged Esp Esp ?NP 2.11.1891 - -2 Hopetoun Alb Rav - - - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. hexandra is poorly known in Western Australia. According to West (1984a), the Gwynne and Helms specimenscould have been collected anywhere between Esperance and Fraser Range. Nationally, this species does not appear tobe endangered, as more than 30 widely dispersed populations are known in South Australia (West 1984a). Furtheropportunistic survey is recommended.

References

Jessop and Toelken (1986), West (1984a).

90

Drosera salina N.G.Marchant & Lowrie DROSERACEAE

A small, reddish plant up to 5 cm tall, with a basal rosette of green leaves and an erect flexuose stem with alternateleaves. The basal leaves have retentive glands around the margins with smaller glands within; the margins fold towardseach other forming a tube-like trap arrangement when covered with sand particles. The leaves on the erect stem arecrescent-shaped with 2 lobes at the angles (2 x 2.5 mm), have retentive glands around the margins and smaller glandswithin, and are arranged in a whorl about the stem; stalks are slender (8 mm). The apex of the plant has 1 or 2 whiteflowers borne on stalks (10-18 mm). Sepals are green and maroon, dotted with black, and have margins which areirregularly toothed. Petals (5 x 2 mm) have a truncated apex and margins cut into rounded teeth.

The green basal rosette is generally covered in sand washed with water, with the reddish erect stem exposed to sunlight.The basal leaves are unusual in that they are folded, possibly facilitating the capture of soil-borne insects.

Flowering Period: July - August. Dormant during dry periods.

Distribution and Habitat

Drosera salina grows east of Lake King. It is found on the margins of salt lakes, almost to the water, in salt-free whitesand.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lake King,E Esp Rav VCL 14.9.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The known population is remote and not immediately threatened. Further survey is required.

References

Lowrie (1987).

91

Drosera sp. Hatter Hill (G.J.Barrett 15.9.89) DROSERACEAE

A pale green rosetted plant which is similar to Drosera bulbosa in habit. Leaves are narrowly obovate with retentiveglands on the upper surface. Numerous leafless flower stalks (longer than 3 cm) are produced from the centre of therosette. Flowers are lilac (D. bulbosa has white flowers).

Flowering Period: September (D. bulbosa flowers May - July)

Distribution and Habitat

Only one population is known of this Drosera taxon, which grows in an Allocasuarina campestris woodland in theHatter Hill area.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Population

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL 16.9.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

This taxon requires further survey to determine its conservation status and distribution.

References

Barrett (1989), Lowrie (1987).

92

Eremophila chamaephila Diels MYOPORACEAE

A low, diffusely-branched shrub, 10-20 cm tall and up to 30 cm broad. Leaves are pressed closely to the stem,cylindrical (terete), 3-5 mm long, curved inwards, slightly succulent and have small wart-like protuberances on the lowersurface. Calyx lobes are conspicuously glandular, warty and hairless. Flowers are violet, with both the ovary and stylelacking hairs.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

Eremophila chamaephila occurs in the Scaddan-Salmon Gums area, in light brown, sandy clay loams or sand over clay,usually adjacent to Eucalyptus woodland. Disjunct populations occur 120 km to the east, near Clyde Hill, where itgrows in white clay loam with limestone. It is most prevalent in disturbed sites.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Salmon Gums Esp Esp - 6.7.87 - -17.11.92 - Not found

2 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp - 11.31 - -17.11.92 - Not found

3 Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 75 Good4 Truslove Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 7 Good5 Wiltshire Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - - -6* Dowak Esp Esp NR & Western Power 20.11.92 10+ Good7a Clyde Hill,SE Esp Esp - - - -7b* Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Verge 14.11.93 5 Vulnerable

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist and has the ability to resucker from rootstock.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Most of the known populations are small.

E. chamaephila occurs in the Dowak Nature Reserve.

References

Grieve and Blackall (1982).

93

Eremophila compressa Chinnock MYOPORACEAE

An erect, often spindly shrub, 0.8-2.0 m tall. Branches are covered in small warts and are sticky towards the apex.Leaves are elliptical (8-16 x 2-7 mm) and usually have 1 or 2 small teeth on either side of the apex. The cream-colouredflowers (6.5-10 mm) are borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. The 4 stamens, ovary and style are hairless, althoughthe inside of the corolla tube is bearded on the middle lower lip and the tube below it. The tube may be spotted oryellow-brown spotted on the inside. The fruit is dry, hairless, shaped like two narrow cylinders pressed together andslightly covered with small, wart-like projections.

Eremophila compressa is allied to E. saligna, but the former species can be recognised by its warty branches, 2 or 3teeth near the apex (E. saligna has numerous teeth along the leaf margins), and its bicylindrical fruit.

Flowering Period: October - December, March (probably most of the year or after rains)

Distribution and Habitat

E. compressa is distributed over an area of about 70 km, from near Grass Patch to the north of Salmon Gums and east tonear Dingo Rock. It is usually found on disturbed brown clay loams adjacent to roads or along the railway line, or inloam over limestone. It may occur in undisturbed Eucalyptus woodland or amongst mallee and scrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 30+ Good2a Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 15 Good2b Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good

& ?VCL2c Gimlet Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 10+ Good

& ?VCL3 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 18.11.92 Not found Mown4 Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.10.79 <20 -5 Salmon Gums Esp Esp - - - -6 Dingo Rock,SW Esp Esp VCL 20.10.90 Common Good

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist. Its response to fire is not known.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

R. Chinnock (unpublished data) indicates that E. compressa is insect pollinated. Further survey and research on thereproductive biology of this species is required.

E. compressa usually occurs in small, localised patches, with no known populations in conservation reserves. Thesuitability of uncleared land on the corner of Gimlet Road and Salmon Gums West Road for the purpose of aconservation reserve should be investigated.

References

Chinnock (1985).

94

Eremophila oblonga Chinnock ms MYOPORACEAE

A low, domed-shaped shrub, rarely more than 20 cm tall, but commonly up to 50 cm across. Branches have small wartsscattered along them. Leaves are small (2-5 x 1 mm), thick and oblong-shaped. Flower buds are brownish-black anddevelop into mauve to dark purple flowers (23 mm long). The calyx is smooth on the outer surface and shortly-hairyinside.

Eremophila oblonga ms is closely related to E. weldii which has longer leaves (4-10 mm).

Flowering Period: October - November

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Distribution and Habitat

E. oblonga ms occurs east of the Fraser Range towards Caiguna and south to near Mt Coobaninya, with a known rangeof 150 km. It grows in light brown clay loam over shallow limestone in open woodland. Associated plants includeOlearia muelleri, Westringia rigida and various Melaleuca, Eucalyptus and Atriplex species.

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL - - -1b Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL - - -2 Balladonia,S Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 20+ Good3 Balladonia,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. - - -4a Newman Rock,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. - - -4b Newman Rock,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 50+ Good5* Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 50 Good6* Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 350+ Good7a* Ponier Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 10 Good7b* Ponier Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 20 Good8a* Coragina Rock Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 10 Good8b* Coragina Rock,N Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 500+ Good9* Coragina Rock,N Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 1 000+ Good10a Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 50+ Good10b* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 1 000+ Good10c* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp VCL 16.11.93 100+ Good10d* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 50+ Good11* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 150+ Good12* Balladonia Rd Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 16.11.93 20+ Good13* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.93 500+ Good14* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.93 100+ Good15* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 16.11.93 10 Good16* Balladonia,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 20+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

95

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Recent surveys have found E. oblonga ms to be widespread and common in the Balladonia area. Its known distributionsuggests that it would occur within the Dundas Nature Reserve.

96

Eriostemon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 1535) RUTACEAE

A shrub, 30 cm tall. Leaves are almost globular.

This taxon is closely related to Eriostemon gardneri.

Flowering Period: June - September

Distribution and Habitat

This taxa is known from only three populations which are distributed over a 50 km area, in the vicinity of Pyramid Lake(north-west of Cascade). It grows in white or brown sand over reddish sandy clay in mallee heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coujinup Hill,ENE Esp Rav VCL 6.1983 - -2 Pyramid Lake Esp Esp VCL 8.1983 - -3 Pyramid Lake,SW Esp Rav VCL 9.1983 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The known populations occur in a remote area which is not immediately threatened by clearing for agriculture.Burgman (1985b) indicates that this taxon probably does not deserve specific status, but rather subspecies would beappropriate. The taxonomic status of these collections needs to be determined. Further surveys are required.

Note - at the time of writing this report the Western Australian Herbarium specimens were on loan and not available forinspection.

References

Burgman (1985b).

97

Eucalyptus burgmaniana L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE

A mallee, 5 m tall. The smooth whitish and brownish bark sheds in ribbons. Leaves are dull bluish.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

This species is known from only two, closely occurring localities, north-west of Clyde Rock. It occurs in pale greyslightly sandy loam in an open woodland, associated with numerous Eucalyptus species.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Rock,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.11.86 Frequent Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. burgmaniana ms lies on the northern boundary of the originally proposed 'Mt Beaumont Stage 2 - Land Release Area'(Burgman 1985b). It could be threatened if this land was to be released for agriculture in the future. A survey in May1993 failed to relocate this species, which is difficult to find due to the abundance of Eucalyptus species at this locality(L. Johnson, personal communication). Further survey is required to determine its range and abundance.

References

Burgman (1985b).

98

Eucalyptus delicata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE

A tree to 8 m tall, with rough bark to 3 m. Adult leaves are stalked, narrow-lanceolate (60-95 x 4-8 mm), light greenand glossy with dense venation and numerous oil glands. Inflorescences are unbranched and borne in leaf axils onpeduncles (stalks) which are cylindrical (terete) to flattened (6-10 mm). There are 7 or more flowers in eachinflorescence. Buds are stalked, ovoid to spindle-shaped with conical bud caps.

This species is reminiscent of Eucalyptus salmonophloia with its delicate buds and fruits, but differs in its rough bark,narrower leaves and conical bud caps; E. delicata ms is a member of the series Oleosae.

Flowering Period: March, August

Distribution and Habitat

E. delicata ms has a range of over 300 km from west of Southern Cross to east of Norseman and southwards to nearPeak Eleanora. It grows in grey-white clay loam, sandy loam or red soil in woodland, associated with other eucalyptsincluding E. flocktoniae, E. valens, E. ovularis, E. longicornis and E. salubris.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good1b* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 50+ Good2 Peak Eleanora,NW Esp Esp NP 8.11.86 Frequent -3 Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL - Frequent -4* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 100+ Good

& ?Private5 Norseman,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 50+ Good

& NR6 Bodallin,E Mer Yil - 7.4.83 - -7 Hyden,E Nar Kon - 24.8.88 - -

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

According to L. Johnson (personal communication), E. delicata ms is not particularly rare, with the species being morewidespread than initially believed. It occurs in the Peak Charles National Park. Further survey is required.

99

Eucalyptus jimberlanica L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAE

A tree or mallee which grows to 10 m tall. The glossy, dark green-brown or bronze bark is smooth throughout. Leavesare glossy green, lanceolate (45-90 x 5-18 mm) with stalks up to 13 mm long. Large oil glands are moderately orsparsely distributed through the leaves. The 7-flowered inflorescences are borne in axils of the leaves on thick, flattenedstalks (peduncles, 2-9 x 4 mm). Flower stalks (pedicels, 1-2 mm) are angular. Buds are ovoid to globular (7-10 x 6-8mm) with a hemispherical bud cap. The cup-shaped fruits (7-10 x 6-8 mm) are almost sessile (i.e. without stalks), have4 locules and are often 2-winged; the disc is slightly raised or flat with the 4 broadly triangular valves exerted at theirapex.

Eucalyptus jimberlanica is related to E. terebra, E. tortilis and E. creta, from which it can be distinguished by itsslightly smaller buds and fruits, and its hemispherical rather than acute bud cap which occurs in the latter 3 species.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

E. jimberlanica is known only from a single, small population near Norseman. It grows in red-brown loam on a basic orultrabasic outcrop.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 1

Known Population

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund Unvested Res. 13.11.87 - Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. jimberlanica appears extremely restricted in distribution. Jimberlana Hill has been recommended as a nature reserve,however the proposal has been opposed by the Department of Minerals and Energy. Further survey is urgently required.

References

Johnson and Hill (1991).

100

Eucalyptus varia subsp. salsuginosa Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE

A sprawling mallee, 2-4 m tall, with smooth, grey-brown bark and a 'sock' of rough bark for 0.5-1.5 m at the base.Leaves are alternate, lanceolate (to 80 x 13 mm), dull light bluish-green initially, turning glossy dark green when older.Inflorescences are held on long stalks (peduncles, to 12 mm) and are up to 11-flowered; buds (25 x 4 mm) are borne onstalks and have a recurved tip. Fruits are barrel-shaped (to 10 x 6 mm). The light grey-brown seed is more or lessspherical.

The thick, rough, basal bark and saline habitat distinguish this taxon from all other taxa in the Eucalyptus 'redunca'group. E. varia subsp. salsuginosa can be distinguished from subsp. varia by having a straggly habit and lower stature(less than 4 m).

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

E. varia subsp. salsuginosa is known from a few localities, less than 40 km apart, north and north-west of Esperance,particularly on tributaries of the Dalyup River. It grows along salt drainage lines or on seasonally wet flats, oftenassociated with E. uncinata, E. conglobata, E. leptocalyx, E. micranthera or E. kessellii.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Speddingup West Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 7.2.89 - -2 Speddingup West Rd Esp Esp ?AR 7.2.89 - -3 Moonanup Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 7.2.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. varia subsp. salsuginosa is poorly known and requires further survey. The saline habitat occupied by this taxon israrely cleared for agriculture (Brooker and Hopper 1991).

References

Brooker and Hopper (1991).

101

Eucalyptus sp. B Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 9715) MYRTACEAE

A spreading, moderately-dense tree, 4 m tall, dividing just above ground level into 3 or 4 branches. Bark is smooth,light brown, shedding dark, medium grey; new growth is dark reddish-brown. The alternate leaves are elliptical (45-90x 13-18 mm) and bright, darkish green. Leaf stalks are 15-20 mm long. Single clusters of 4-6 flowers are borne in theleaf axils on long, thick, strap-like, pendulous stalks (peduncles, 25-38 x 4 mm). Stalks (pedicels) of individual flowersare 6-7 mm long. Buds have a cylindrical calyx (7-8 x 5 mm) with a cupped base and 2 ridges, one on each sidecontinuous with the stalk; the bud cap is horn-shaped. Fruits are dull, dark, reddish-brown and shaped like an elongatedcup (12-13 x 11 mm) with a small ridge on either side and a rim extending 1 mm; the 4 valves are not exserted.

This taxon is closely related to Eucalyptus dielsii, but has longer buds and a narrower rim on the fruit. It may be ahybrid between E. dielsii and E. platypus or E. eremophila.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

This taxon occurs about 45 km west of Cascade, with the two known populations occurring within 1.5 km of each other.It grows on well-drained clayey loam and is rare in E. dielsii low woodland, associated with E. platypus, E. eremophilaand E. transcontinentalis.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 22.2.83 <5 -1b West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL - - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. The rarity of its occurrence, and the proximity ofspecies with which it shares a number of characteristics, suggests that it may be a hybrid.

References

Newbey (1983).

102

Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6532) PAPILIONACEAE

A small cushion or dome-shaped shrub, 2-4 cm tall and 12-35 cm wide. Branches are spinescent. Leaves are spirallyarranged and covered in a white powdery 'bloom' that comes off when rubbed (glaucous). The calyx is notconspicuously veined or ribbed.

Flowering Period: November

Distribution and Habitat

This taxon is known from two areas, Hatter Hill and south of Peak Eleanora, about 110 km apart. Near Hatter Hill itgrows in clayey sand in a Eucalyptus woodland on a gentle undulating plain.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL 13.11.79 Frequent -2 Hatter Hill,SSE Esp Rav ?VCL - Common -3 Fields Rd Esp Esp ?VCL & 9.84 - -

?Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 Not found -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Eutaxia sp. Hatter Hill is currently undergoing taxonomic review (T. Macfarlane, personal communication). It is notknown to occur in any conservation reserve and appears to be rare.

In September 1992, E. sp. Hatter Hill was searched for at the collection site south of Peak Eleanora (pop. no. 3) but wasnot found. The narrow, western road reserve was very disturbed and Vacant Crown Land on the east side of the roadhas been cleared for a small dam. Further intensive survey of the area is recommended to determine whether thispopulation still exists.

The Hatter Hill area was surveyed in October 1992, without this taxon being located; specific localities for thesepopulations were unknown. Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

103

Gonocarpus pycnostachyus (F.Muell.) Orchard HALORAGACEAE

An erect herb, to 25 cm tall, with 4-30 red to green hairy stems branched at the base and arising in a rosette from thecrown of a taproot. Leaves are oval-shaped, very variable in size (8-18 x 4-8 mm), softly-hairy, and have minute teethalong the margin; the margin is white and thickened. Lower leaves are opposite, soon becoming alternate. Clusters offlowers (indeterminate spike) are borne in alternate bracts. Flowers are 4-merous on minute stalks (0.5 mm). The 4green sepals have hairs along the margins, but are otherwise hairless. Petals are deep red to green (2 mm), hooded, andhave shaggy hairs near the 2 front-united petals. There are 8 stamens with yellow (abortive) to deep red, linear-oblonganthers. Fruits are pear-shaped (1.0-1.2 x 0.9 mm), contracting into an 8-ribbed neck in the upper half; the lower halfhas 2 transverse rows of prominent warts and is covered with minute, stiff hairs. The wall of the ripened fruit ismembranous; there is 1 seed per fruit.

This species is similar to Gonocarpus confertifolius and G. nodulosus, sharing the pear-shaped fruit and hairy foliage. Itis distinguished from G. confertifolius by its longer leaves and shorter, broader calyx lobes, and from G. nodulosus byits leaf arrangement and size, and flowers with 8 stamens.

Flowering Period: December

Distribution and Habitat

G. pycnostachyus was first collected in 1885 near Israelite Bay. It was recently rediscovered near Mt Heywood and MtMerivale. This taxon appears to be a pioneer species, annual or at most a short-lived perennial, appearing after fire.Near Mt Heywood, before fire, the vegetation was dominated by dense shrubby Proteaceae growing on deep sand.North-east of Mt Merivale, it grows on shallow sand or clay loams around a rock depression, in an area which wasrecently burnt (Orchard 1993).

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 1885 -2 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 26.12.91 Abundant Post-fire3 Mt Heywood,ENE Esp Esp VCL 1.1.92 Very common Post-fire4 Mt Merivale,NE Esp Esp - 17.4.92 - -

Response to Disturbance

G. pycnostachyus is a disturbance opportunist, being rediscovered by W.R. Archer in December 1991, regenerating inlarge numbers after a fire (early 1991) to the north-east of Mt Heywood. Subsequently, another population was foundnear Mt Merivale on recently burned ground (Orchard 1993).

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Monitoring of the known populations of G. pycnostachyus to determine its reproductive biology. Further survey(especially after fire), particularly near Israelite Bay to confirm its occurrence in the Nature Reserve.

References

Orchard (1975, 1990, 1993).

104

Gonocarpus simplex (R.Br. ex Britten) Orchard HALORAGACEAE

An inconspicuous, erect, perennial herb, to 40 cm tall, with almost leafless stems. Stems are smooth, narrow, flexibleand round. The alternate, triangular, red bracts (1.7 mm) and linear bracteoles (1 mm) are deciduous. Flowers are 4-merous with male or bisexual flowers apparently on different plants. The bisexual flowers lack stalks, have triangularsepals (0.4 mm), greenish, long-clawed petals (1.7 mm), 8 stamens, and an 8-ribbed, shiny ovary. Males are similar,except they are borne on stalks (2 mm) and have a rudimentary ovary. The fruit is narrowly cylindrical (2 mm), 8-ribbed, hairless and green.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Gonocarpus simplex grows in swamps in the south-west and along the south coast of Western Australia. In theEsperance District it occurs in swamps in the Cape Le Grand National Park and nearby areas. It prefers grey peaty sandto sandy clays in association with species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.12.74 Frequent -1b Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp Private 18.11.79 - -1c Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 12.12.92 Abundant Good2 Walpole Point Wal Manj - 12.12.90 - -3 Northcliffe,E Wal Manj - 11.12.87 - -4 Bow River Wal Dnmk - 12.12 - -5 Yelverton forest Bsltn Bsltn - 8.11.89 Rare -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey of this inconspicuous species is required. It is possibly quite common in swampy areas of the Cape LeGrand National Park.

References

Orchard (1990).

105

Gratiola pedunculata R.Br. SCROPHULARIACEAEStalked Brooklime, Heartsease

A perennial herb, 13-50 cm tall, which is erect or often creeps along the ground rooting at the base. Branches aredensely covered with glandular hairs. Leaves are opposite, linear-ovate (10-30 x 3-10 mm), finely toothed, 3-veined atthe base and clasp the stem. Glands form small, golden globules on the leaves, bracteoles and sepals. Cream-whiteflowers are borne singly or rarely in pairs in leaf axils on long stalks (8-26 mm); the corolla is at least as long as thecalyx and has short and broad lips, the upper one being very shortly 2-lobed. Seed is small (0.5 mm long), dark-brown,with prominent thin longitudinal ridges and transverse ridges between.

The specimen collected in Cape Arid National Park has pink flowers which is atypical.

Flowering Period: October - November, ?January - May

Distribution and Habitat

Gratiola pedunculata occurs in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. In Western Australia, itwas collected by Drummond in 1848, and in 1989 this species or a closely related taxon was collected in Cape AridNational Park. It grows in moist soil on the banks of rivers and lagoons, or margins of rock pools.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Swan River Colony - - - 1848 ?Extinct -2 Pine Hill Esp Esp NP 28.10.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The impact of feral donkeys, cattle and rabbits which visit the water bodies around which G. pedunculata is likely togrow is unknown. Further survey is required.

G. pedunculata occurs within the Cape Arid National Park.

References

Barker (1986), Bentham (1869).

106

Grevillea phillipsiana McGill. PROTEACEAE

An attractive shrub, 1-1.5 m tall and 1-2 m wide, with hairy branchlets. Leaves are linear (35 x 1 mm) with conspicuousparallel veins, have a stiff sharp point at the tip and are often in crowded clusters at the end of small branches. Flowerheads, usually about 10-flowered, are clustered at the ends of branches. Flowers are red or light yellow, silky-hairy onthe exterior, have a hairy ovary and a red style (22 mm) which is hairy at the base; the pollen presenter is very obliqueand oblong-shaped.

Grevillea phillipsiana is related to G. deflexa and G. lavandulacea from which it differs in having narrow linear leaveswith parallel veins and a hairless style with silky hairs at its base.

Flowering Period: June - November

Distribution and Habitat

G. phillipsiana occurs near Norseman and in an area about 170 km to the north-east. It grows on moist red sand, neargranite outcrops. Associated genera may include Eucalyptus, Acacia and Allocasuarina, with Triodia scariosa.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Norseman,N Esp Dund VCL 18.11.93 500+ Good1b Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 19.7.79 1 Disturbed2a Sinclair Soak,SE Esp Dund - 5.8.80 Frequent -2b Sinclair Soak,SE Esp Dund - 9.8.80 - -3 Woodline Hills Esp Dund - 12.9.70 1 -4 Norite Dyke Esp Dund - 9.65 - -5 Cardunia Rocks Gold Bldr ?Pastoral Lease 16.9.78 Occasional -6 Zanthus-Cocklebiddy ?Esp ?Dund - 10.64 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The area where it is known to grow, i.e. between the Eyre Highway and the Trans Australian Railway, is relativelyremote and has been poorly surveyed. This species may extend to over 300 km east or north-east of Norseman, as onespecimen has been collected "between Zanthus and Cocklebiddy". Further survey is required.

References

Elliot and Jones (1986).

107

Gyrostemon ditrigynus A.S.George GYROSTEMONACEAE

An erect shrub, 80-120 cm tall and 30-60 cm wide, which divides into 3-4 branches near ground level. Young branchesare sticky. Leaves are alternate, linear (3-5 x 0.2 mm), without stalks, smooth and have a hooked apex. At the base ofeach leaf are 2 tiny, triangular-shaped stipules. Female and male flowers are on separate bushes; small (<1 mm), singleflowers are borne on short (<1 mm) stalks in leaf axils. Female flowers are light green and sticky; the ovary has 2 or 3cells. Male flowers are similar to female flowers, but have a single whorl of 7-10 stamens. Fruits are 3 mm long.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Gyrostemon ditrigynus is distributed between Kulin and Dingo Rock, a distance of about 350 km. It is a coloniser afterfire and soil disturbance, growing in well-drained sandy loam in mixed open shrub mallee, associated with Eucalyptuscylindriflora, E. eremophila, E. forrestiana and E. transcontinentalis.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 14.11.80 Very common Post-fire2 Mt Ridley,NE Esp Esp VCL 5.5.81 Common Post-fire3 Dingo Rock,E Esp Esp VCL 8.83 - Post-clearing4 Ninety Mile Tank Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -5 Kulin,E Nar Kulin ?Rd Res. 29.9.72 - -6* Ninety Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 1 000s Post-fire7* Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 15.11.93 5+ Post-dist.8* Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 15.11.93 20 Post-dist.

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

G. ditrigynus is a disturbance opportunist. After fire it will rapidly recolonise an area, regenerating from seed. Morethan two years after a hot fire (January 1991) east of Ninety Mile Tank, thousands of flowering plants were found.North-east of Clyde Hill plants were located in one area that had been chained (but not burnt) as a fire break and inanother area where soil had been ripped; it was not found in nearby undisturbed woodland.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

In May 1993, a survey north-east of Mt Ridley failed to relocate either population nos. 1 or 2. Monitoring of post-firepopulations is required to determine the longevity of G. ditrigynus. Further opportunistic survey is required.

References

George (1982), Newbey (1983).

108

Halgania tomentosa (Helms) Ewart & Jean White BORAGINACEAE

A woody herb, 15-30 cm tall, with wiry stems covered in short, white, felt-like hairs. Leaves are thick, flat, oval-shaped(6-10 mm long), alternate and covered in similar hairs to the stem. Flowers are usually solitary at the end of stems, with5 broad blue petals which are free almost to the base. Calyx lobes are linear and covered with short, brown glandularhairs.

Halgania tomentosa is similar to H. integerrima, however the latter has linear or oblong leaves which are very sparselyhairy, and stems which may become hairless with age. The distribution of the two species does not appear to overlap.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Halgania tomentosa is distributed from near Tammin to east of Ninety Mile Tank, a distance of approximately 300 km.There is an additional disjunct population occurring near Newman in the Pilbara. It grows in yellow-brown sand orsandy loam with or without lateritic gravel in scrub or open heath communities and may be associated with Eucalyptus,Allocasuarina, Dryandra or Verticordia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Hatter Hill Esp Rav - 11.29 - -1b* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 5 Good2 Lake King,E Esp Rav ?VCL & NP 20.10.64 - -3 Ninety Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 10.10.66 - -4 Lake Cronin,E Esp Dund VCL 17.10.84 Occasional -5 Moorine Rock Mer Yil - 9.11.62 - -6 Bodallin Mer Yil MRWA Rd Res. 15.10.90 15 Healthy7 Nulla Nulla Mer Yil MRWA Rd Res. 15.10.90 20 Healthy8 Chiddarcooping Mer West NR & Rd Res. 8.11.90 15+ Healthy9 Tammin Mer Tam - 18.10.67 - -10 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 17.10.85 - -11 Newman,N Pilb - - 16.10.66 - -

* = new sub-population

Response to Disturbance

May be a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

109

Summary and Recommendations

H. tomentosa appears to be widespread, but never abundant. In the Merredin District, H. tomentosa was collected fromgraded road verges, and near Hatter Hill it occurred quite close to the track, scattered over a distance of more than 4 km.Further survey is required in tracts of vegetation adjacent to recorded occurrences for additional plants. Its taxonomicposition relative to H. integerrima requires clarification.

H. tomentosa occurs in two conservation reserves.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Ewart and White (1910), Mollemans et al. (1993).

110

Haloragis sp. Ravensthorpe (K.R.Newbey 8269) HALORAGACEAE

An upright-spreading shrub, 20-25 cm tall and 40-55 cm broad, which divides near ground level into 4-6 spreadingbranches. The bark is reddish with fine ridges. The stems, leaves and calyx are all densely covered with short, stiffhairs giving a rough texture to the foliage. Leaves are bright green, without stalks, alternate, narrow-elliptical (12-20 x1.5-2.5 mm), roughly-hairy and have a small sharp tip; smaller leaves are entire while larger ones have 2 or 4 small teethtowards the acute apex. Flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils, and form leafy flowering spikes on the last 8-12 cm of branches. The bright, light green calyx has 3-4 inflated locules with 3-4 triangular-shaped hairless sepals.Petals are hooded and pale brown. Fruits are inflated and woody (2 x 1.5 mm).

This taxon has affinity with Haloragis digyna, but differs by being more foliose, more floriferous, and flowering inautumn rather than November-December. H. digyna appears to be restricted to near coastal areas in Western Australiaand South Australia, whereas this species occurs inland.

Flowering Period: March - April

Distribution and Habitat

H. sp. Ravensthorpe occurs on well-drained, shallow sandy loams on a gentle undulating plain. It is common (inpatches) in Eucalyptus transcontinentalis mallee, in an area burnt two years previously.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coujinup Hill Esp Rav VCL 29.4.81 Frequent -

Response to Disturbance

Probably regenerates well after fire.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The known population is in a remote locality with difficult access. Further survey is required.

References

Newbey (1983).

111

Hydatella australis Diels HYDATELLACEAE

A small, tufted, annual aquatic herb, which has several lax, cylindrical leaves (to 25 mm) arising from the base of theplant. Separate male and female capitula are present on the same plant. The flower heads are borne on stalks (3-5 mm)and are composed of 2 (rarely 4) sheathing lanceolate bracts. Male heads have 4-8 flowers with purple stamens exertedbeyond the bracts. Female heads are more numerous and have 8-14 flowers, each with 4-10 stigmatic hairs. The palebrown fruit is ovoid (0.5 mm), wrinkled, with 2 or 3 obscure veins.

Hydatella australis (South Coast) and H. leptogyne (Perth) may be geographical extremes of one taxonomic entity(Cooke 1987), although G. Keighery (personal communication) believes they are distinct taxa.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

H. australis was collected by Diels from the Hamersley River in 1901, and more recently it has been collected fromgranite rock pools near Cape Arid. It grows in silt or mud in shallow pools and seasonal swamps.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hamersley River Alb Esp NP 1901 - -2 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 2.11.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

H. australis is a minute aquatic plant which is very poorly known and poorly collected. Little is known of the range andenvironmental requirements of this species. Further survey is required.

H. australis is known in the Cape Arid National Park.

References

Cooke (1987), Diels and Pritzel (1905).

112

Hydrocotyle hispidula Bunge APIACEAE

A slender, annual herb, 3-15 cm tall. Leaves are few and small along robust stems, rather deeply divided into 5 broadlobes which are also toothed or lobed, and have short, stiff hairs on both sides. The stipules are fringed or jagged.Flowers are white and exceedingly small, with 6 to 12 in a head. Fruits are broader than long and formed of two similarfruitlets. Two clearly defined intermediate and two dorsal ribs are visible from each side of the fruits. As well, fruits arehairless and have a granular-warty surface.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Hydrocotyle hispidula is widely distributed through the south-west of the State, from Perth to near Esperance, and onMiddle Island in the Recherche Archipelago. It grows in sandy soil on limestone ledges, along creeklines, and near thebase of a granite outcrop.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Middle Is.,SE Esp Esp NR 11.11.74 Common -1b Middle Is.,NE Esp Esp NR 15.11.73 - -2 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 1.11.75 - -3 Mosman Park Perth Metro - 9.02 - -4 Garden Is. Perth Metro Reserve 20.10.78 - -5 Pinjarra,S Dwel Mur - 4.10.62 - -6 Mt Chudalup Wal Manj - 12.11.86 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

H. hispidula is an inconspicuous annual which has been poorly collected and is possibly rare. It should remain secureon Middle Island. Further survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1980).

113

Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove (M.A.Burgman 4419) APIACEAE

An inconspicuous herb, less than 5 cm tall. Flowers are in simple clusters (umbels). Stipules at the base of the leavesare thin and dry. Leaves are flat and divided into segments.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

Hydrocotyle sp. Truslove is distributed over at least 60 km, between Salmon Gums and Scaddan, where it is verycommon around salt lakes and winter-wet flats.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -2a Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }2b Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 11.9.88} 1 000s -2c Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }3 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -4 Grass Patch,SE Esp Esp NR 11.9.88 1 000s -5 Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.88 - -6 Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.88 - -7 Swan Lagoon Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 11.9.88 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Burgman (1985b) considered the status of this taxon to be uncertain. The specimen he collected was flowering whichmakes taxonomic verification difficult as species of Hydrocotyle are usually characterised by their fruits. Surveys byWilson (personal communication) located millions of plants she considered to be the same taxon, in a relativelyrestricted area (about 60 km). She recorded it as being very common in four Nature Reserves.

References

Burgman (1985b).

114

Leucopogon blepharolepis F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub which grows up to 1.2 m tall. Leaves are densely arranged on short branches and are light, bluish-greenon both sides, oblong-elliptic (8-10 x 2 mm), more or less sessile, have a short, sharp tip and margins that aretranslucent. Flowers are small, have a white corolla (4 mm) and minute, yellow sepals (1 mm) and are borne in several-flowered inflorescences which are hidden amongst the leaves in the leaf axils. Fruits have a flat top.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon blepharolepis is widely distributed along the southern region of Western Australia, from near Cranbrook to"towards the Great (Australian) Bight", a distance of over 500 km. It grows in sandy soil in woodland, scrub or scrub-heath. Associated genera include Banksia, Lysinema, Monotoca, Leucopogon and myrtaceous species.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fanny Cove Esp Esp NP 21.4.67 Abundant -2* Skippy Rock,N Esp Esp NP 9.9.93 1 000s Good3 Great Aust. Bight Esp ?Esp NR 1800s - -4 Mt Maxwell Alb Jer ?NP 2.8.86 Occasional -5 Geekabee Hill Kat Cbk - 4.8.86 Frequent -6 Mundaring Mdg Mdg State Forest 4.2.89 Occasional -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Probably a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Despite the widespread distribution of L. blepharolepis, it remains poorly known. The population on the east side ofStokes Inlet (pop. no. 1) was burnt in January 1993; monitoring is required to determine the reproductive biology of thisspecies following fire. The population (no. 2) in the western sector of Stokes National Park was largely burnt in 1982;13 years later it was abundant in the dense heath regrowth.

Research is required to determine the response of L. blepharolepis to Phytophthora spp. and other plant pathogens.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Mueller (1867).

115

Leucopogon florulentus Benth. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub, 40-50 cm tall with a robust, woody base. Branches are numerous and young branches are reddish.Leaves are thick, flat, sometimes slightly fringed with hairs, ovate to oblong, about 2 mm long, shortly stalked and havea concave apex with effectively no tip. Inflorescences are terminal (spike), many-flowered, short and compact. Flowersare white and without stalks. The ovary is 2-celled and the style short.

Flowering Period: November - February

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon florulentus is known only from a single collection (the type which is held at Kew, England) from anunknown locality between Perth and King George Sound.

An undescribed taxon which has close affinity to L. florulentus (J. Powell, personal communication) is very common inheath communities east of Esperance.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Perth-Albany - - - 1800s - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribedspecies and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered insearching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.

Further survey of L. florulentus is required, although it is not likely to occur in the Esperance District.

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

116

Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill (K.R.Newbey 9831) EPACRIDACEAE

An upright-spreading, mid-dense shrub, 30-35 cm tall x 20-25 cm broad, which divides into 4-5 branches just aboveground level.

Old wood is rough, dark grey and black, while newer wood is densely covered in short, stiff hairs. The alternate leavesare crowded and held close to the branchlets. Leaves are bright green, narrow-obovate (5-7 x 1.5 mm), have adistinctive long, spiny tip (to 2 mm), margins with short, fine hairs, and an under surface which is conspicuously nerved.Inflorescences are 2-4 flowered, without stalks and occur in the axils at the ends of most branches. The 2 bracteoles,bracts and outer surface of the white corolla tube are hairy. The bracts are acuminate with long points. The corolla tube(4.5 mm) has a bearded inner surface; corolla lobes have a long point at the tip. Sepals are white with light mauve, long-pointed tips.

Flowering Period: May - June

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon sp. Bonnie Hill is known from south-east of Peak Eleanora and over 160 km to the east near Bonnie Hill.It grows on flat or undulating plain in well-drained sandy loams, in open mallee and low heath. Associated speciesinclude E. leptocalyx, E. tetragona, E. uncinata, E. incrassata, Banksia media, Grevillea pectinata, Astartea ambiguaand Gahnia ancistrophylla.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Bonnie Hill Esp Esp VCL 10.5.82 - -2 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 2 000+ Healthy3 The Cups,N Esp Esp VCL 24.6.83 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Bonnie Hill probably represents a new species. The population on Fields Road (no. 2) would be threatened ifmore land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on the proposed vesting of Crown Land adjacent tothe Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve (CALM 1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).

Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback(Phytophthora spp.).

References

Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992), Newbey (1983).

117

Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill (M.A.Burgman 1207) EPACRIDACEAE

An openly-branching or dense prickly shrub, 80 cm tall to 70 cm wide. Leaves are held erect or horizontal, concave,ovate-elliptic (10-13 x 2 mm), stalked, and taper to a rigid, sharp point. On the lower side of the leaf there are 3 parallelcentral veins and other veins branching towards the margin. The white flowers are erect with 2 or 3 borne together onshort stalks in the axils of leaves; the corolla-tube is longer than the hairless sepals which end abruptly in a short point;bracteoles are keeled. The green fruits are globular (3.5 mm).

Leucopogon sp. Clyde Hill is closely related to L. breviflorus which has obtuse sepals and bracteoles.

Flowering Period: May - June

Distribution and Habitat

L. sp. Clyde Hill is known only from north-west of Clyde Hill and Peak Eleanora, over 250 km to the west. It occurs onthe margins of granite outcrops in sandy loam. Associated genera include Allocasuarina and Leptospermum.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 19.5.93 1+ Good2* Peak Eleanora Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 4+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Clyde Hill is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon inWestern Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the WesternAustralian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly knownLeucopogon species.

Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback(Phytophthora spp.).

References

Burgman (1985b).

118

Leucopogon sp. Condingup (M.A.Burgman 1377) EPACRIDACEAE

A shrub, 10-40 cm tall and 10-30 cm wide. Leaves are broader towards the tip than the base (obovate, 4-5 x 1 mm),concave, yellowish-green on both sides with fine, divergent nerves on the under side, and have an obtuse tip. Flowersare pendulous with 1- or 2-flowered inflorescences borne on long stalks (2.5-3.5 mm). The calyx (2 mm) is pale greenand has concave sepals with acute tips; the corolla (3-4 mm) has a distinctive dark grey-black hue; the ovary is black.

Flowering Period: April - June

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon sp. Condingup is known from north-east of Condingup to Sheoaks Hill in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve, arange of about 90 km. It grows white or grey sand in low open mallee and low heath, associated with Eucalyptusangulosa, Dryandra quercifolia, Banksia pulchella and B. petiolaris.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Condingup,NE Esp Esp ?NR 20.6.83 - -?2 ?Clyde Hill,SSE Esp Esp - 3.5.83 - -3* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NP 19.4.93 10+ Good4* Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 22.4.93 100+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Condingup is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon inWestern Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the WesternAustralian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly knownLeucopogon species.

Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback(Phytophthora spp.).

Recent surveys have found this taxon in Cape Arid National Park and the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.

References

Burgman (1985b).

119

Leucopogon sp. Coujinup (M.A.Burgman 1085) EPACRIDACEAE

A spindly, rounded shrub, 20-30 cm tall and 20-30 cm wide. Leaves are small, lanceolate to elliptic (2-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm),stiff, overlapping and often clasping the stem, concave and have a sharp, spiny tip. The white flowers are erectbecoming pendulous on long stalks (2 mm); the green calyx (2.5 mm) has sepals with acute tips. The pendulous fruitsare sparsely covered in short white hairs.

Flowering Period: March - April

Distribution and Habitat

The known populations of Leucopogon sp. Coujinup are distributed over 170 km, from the Oldfield River to the north-west of Dingo Rock. It grows in white-grey sand on dune ridges adjacent to salt pans or in yellow sandy clay loam onundulating sandplain in shrub heath. It may be associated with Banksia elderiana, Grevillea aneura, Adenanthosglabrescens, Beaufortia schaueri and species of Verticordia, Calytrix and Allocasuarina.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Dingo Rock,NNW Esp Esp VCL 28.3.83 - -2 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 500+ Healthy3* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 18.9.93 500+ Healthy4 West Point Rd Esp Rav - 10.84 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Coujinup is poorly known and probably represents a new species. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in WesternAustralia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribed species and sorting of the Western AustralianHerbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered in searching for the poorly known Leucopogonspecies.

This taxon is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. The large population (no. 2) near Fields Road, north-eastof Cascade, would be threatened if more land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on the proposedvesting of Crown Land adjacent to the Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve (CALM1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).

Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback(Phytophthora spp.).

References

Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992).

120

Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1126) EPACRIDACEAE

An erect to spreading shrub, up 70 cm tall. Leaves are held almost perpendicular to the stem, shiny dark green on uppersurface, narrow triangular (4-8 x 1-2 mm) with margins rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute); the lowersurface has minute hairs in interveinal grooves. Flowers (5-10 mm) are creamy, stalkless with 2 or 3 borne in the upperleaf axils. The calyx tube is about half the length of the corolla; sepals are acute and the bracteoles obtuse at the apex.

Two forms, one very robust and the other slighter, of this taxon are apparent. Leucopogon sp. Kau Rock has affinity toL. allittii.

Flowering Period: May

Distribution and Habitat

L. sp. Kau Rock is widespread between Peak Eleanora and Israelite Bay, a range of over 300 km. It grows in brownsandy loam and in fine calcareous loam (marl) in woodland, open mallee and shrub communities. Associated generainclude Eucalyptus, Hakea and Banksia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Kau Rock,SE Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 - -2* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 19.5.93 2 Good3* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Good4* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20 Good5* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 2 Good6* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Good7* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good8* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good9* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 Good10* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 2 Good11* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good12* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 Average13* Gegelup Esp Esp NR. 21.4.93 10 Good14* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 10+ Good15* Peak Eleanora,SW Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 500+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

121

Summary and Recommendations

Recent surveys have found L. sp. Kau Rock to be widespread and relatively common in areas north of those cleared foragriculture. Taxonomic classification is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

122

Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood (M.A.Burgman 1211) EPACRIDACEAE[ex. Leucopogon sp. Cascades (M.A.Burgman 3700)]

A dense shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 70-90 cm wide. The numerous slender woody branches are sparsely covered withshort hairs. Leaves are small, nearly circular (1-2 mm) and strongly curved backwards (recurved); the upper surface ofthe leaf is sparsely covered in minute glandular hairs, giving a rough texture. Flowers are cream-coloured; the calyx (3mm) comprises more than half the length of the corolla tube (4-5 mm); the acute sepals are deeply divided and curlbackwards at the tip.

Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood has affinity to L. hamulosus.

Flowering Period: May

Distribution and Habitat

L. sp. Mount Heywood typically grows in white or yellow sand on the margins of saline lakes and depressions betweenSalmon Gums and Clyde Hill, with a known range of about 100 km.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 4.5.83 - -2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good2b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 500+ Good3* Mt Heywood,NNE Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good4* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good5* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good6* Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 100+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Mount Heywood is a characteristic floral component of saline lakes and depressions in the Clyde Hill-Mt Ridleyarea. This area is not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.

Burgman (1985b) may have listed two different taxa in his report as "Leucopogon aff. hamulosus". The specimen MAB3700 is not represented in PERTH nor Burgman's field herbaria; a survey at the given locality found the superficiallysimilar L. sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R. Newbey 8173). The specimen MAB 1211 is represented in Burgman's fieldherbarium; the phrase name Leucopogon sp. Mount Heywood has therefore been adopted.

123

Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)

Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification of the many undescribedspecies and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of the problems encountered insearching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.

L. sp. Mount Heywood occurs in the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve. Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

124

Leucopogon sp. Munglinup (K.R.Newbey 8123) EPACRIDACEAE

An upright-spreading, mid-dense shrub, 40-80 cm tall and 30-80 cm broad. Old wood is slightly rough and dull, darkishgrey, while newer wood is pale brown and densely covered in short, stiff hairs. Leaves are light green, alternate,ascending, narrow-obovate (3 mm long x 1 mm wide), and have margins that roll backwards (revolute). The lowersurface of leaves have fine, parallel nerves that are covered with minute white hairs. Flowers and fruits have not beenseen.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

The only known location of this taxon is north of Munglinup where it grows on an almost flat plain in well-drained,shallow sandy loams in Eucalyptus redunca open mallee. Associated species include E. leptocalyx, E. uncinata,Grevillea pectinata, Melaleuca subfalcata, M. holosericea, Templetonia sulcata and Gahnia ancistrophylla.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Munglinup,N Esp Rav - 15.11.80 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Currently, no specimen of Leucopogon sp. Munglinup is lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium. Furthercollections are required to determine its taxonomic status. In 1992, a survey failed to relocate this taxon.

References

Newbey (1983).

125

Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp (K.R.Newbey 8173) EPACRIDACEAE

An upright, mid-dense shrub, 30-35 cm tall and 20-25 cm broad, with numerous slender branchlets. Old wood isslightly rough and dull darkish grey, while newer wood is smooth and light grey. Leaves are dull green, small (2.0-2.5 x1.5 mm), spreading, margins have scattered short hairs, and only the lower half of the leaves have the margins rolledbackwards (revolute); the tip bends downwards (deflexed). The white flowers are clustered at the ends of branchlets;the calyx (2-2.5 mm) is more than half the length of the corolla and the acute sepals and bracteoles are covered in minutefelt-like hairs. The globular fruits are flattened on top.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon sp. Roberts Swamp grows on a fossil alluvial flat on a tributary of the Lort River. The alluvium (sand overloamy clay) is not saline. It grows in open shrub mallee of Eucalyptus angustissima with tall shrubs of Santalumacuminatum and Hakea adnata. Other associated genera include Acacia, Melaleuca and Restio.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 500+ Good2* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 2+ Average

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. Roberts Swamp is poorly known and possibly rare. The large population (no. 1) near Fields Road, north-east ofCascade, could possibly be threatened if more land was released for agriculture. Further action is required on theproposed vesting of Crown Land adjacent to the Lort River and Fields Road for the purpose of a conservation reserve(CALM 1991, Leighton and Watson 1992).

Further survey is required. Research is required to determine the response of this taxon to fire and to dieback(Phytophthora spp.).

References

Burgman (1985b), CALM (1991), Leighton and Watson (1992), Newbey (1983).

126

Leucopogon sp. South Coast (K.R.Newbey 8213) EPACRIDACEAE

An upright, moderately open shrub, 45-50 cm tall and 40-50 cm broad with few secondary branches. Old wood isalmost smooth, while newer wood is covered with short, dull red hairs. Leaves are dull darkish green, flat, alternate,elliptical (5-7 x 3 mm), have a short callous point and margins fringed with minute hairs. Leaves have conspicuousnerves on the lower surface. Leaf stalks are strap-like (1 mm). Inflorescences are terminal spikes of 5-7 flowers on amain stalk which is pale brown, slightly undulate and covered in short, stiff hairs. The white corolla tube (2.5-3.0 mm)is hairless with the narrow lobes curving backwards; the inner surface is bearded with white hairs. The ovary is smooth.Anthers have no appendages. Fruits are spherical (1.8 mm) with a persistent style.

Leucopogon sp. South Coast may be closely related to L. bossiaea.

Flowering Period: September - October

Fruiting Period: Late November - December

Distribution and Habitat

The only known location of L. sp. South Coast is north-east of Bonnie Hill where it grows on flat plain in calcareous,loamy sands amongst Eucalyptus leptocalyx mallee. Associated species include E. incrassata, E. uncinata, Banksiamedia, Grevillea pectinata, Astartea ambigua, Lepidosperma brunonianum, Conostephium sp. and Gahniaancistrophylla.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Bonnie Hill,NE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 16.11.93 13+ Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. sp. South Coast is an inconspicuous species that is poorly known and possibly rare and threatened. The knownlocality is at the northern limit of agriculture in the Esperance District. In 1993, a survey relocated the knownpopulation by using Newbey's (1983) description. His specimen, KRN 8213 is not currently lodged in the WesternAustralian Herbarium. Taxonomic revision of Leucopogon in Western Australia is urgently required. Classification ofthe many undescribed species and sorting of the Western Australian Herbarium folders would remedy many of theproblems encountered in searching for the poorly known Leucopogon species.

L. sp. South Coast is not known in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.

References

Newbey (1983).

127

Melaleuca agathosmoides C.A.Gardner MYRTACEAE

A diffuse shrub to 1-1.5 m tall. Leaves are opposite, shortly oblong (2-3 x 1.5 mm), thick, glandular, stalkless and havean obtuse tip. The white or straw-coloured flowers are borne singly or in lateral clusters on old wood. Staminalbundles are less than 1 cm long, each claw having 14-20 filaments. Petals are erect, about 5 mm long and have an acuteapex. Calyx lobes are ovate to orbicular. The ovary has 3 locules and a long style. Fruits (5 mm diameter) are slightlyimmersed in the old wood and have 5 triangular-shaped, obtuse lobes.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Melaleuca agathosmoides is known from two localities. The largest population occurs within a 5 km radius of HatterHill, while another collection has been made approximately 40 km to the west, near Lake King. It grows in gravelly,red clay loam and may form dense stands beneath open eucalyptus woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Hatter Hill,NE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 200+ Part-dist.1b Hatter Hill,NW Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 500+ Part-dist.1c Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 50+ Disturbed1d Hatter Hill,SE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 22.3.91 100 000+ Part-dist.2 Lake King,NE Kat LG - 1.10.80 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

M. agathosmoides is geographically restricted but locally abundant at Hatter Hill. Sub-populations nos. 1a, 1b and 1chave been partially disturbed by mining activities; sub-population no. 1d has been covered by a tenement(P. Armstrong, personal communication; F. Mollemans, personal communication; R. Thomas, personalcommunication). Currently, mining operations have ceased in the area, however it is anticipated that the area willcontinue to attract considerable interest. Consequently, these populations could be under threat if mining activity wereexpanded. Monitoring is therefore required to ensure that this species does not become further threatened in the HatterHill area.

The population near Lake King needs to be resurveyed to determine its size and status. Further survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1980), Gardner (1939a).

128

Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta Barlow MYRTACEAE

A dense, upright shrub, 1.5-2.5 m tall. Leaves are broadly ovate (4-6 x 3-5 mm), opposite, thick, faintly glandular-dotted and have an obtuse apex. The white flower heads are globular with 1 to 3 borne at the ends of branches.Staminal bundles are less than 1 cm long; the calyx tube and lobes are covered with white, silky hairs. Bracts arenumerous, overlapping, silky-hairy and brown.

This subspecies has fruit with very short lobes or an entire rim, whereas subsp. calycina has five long, acuteprotuberances spreading from the rim. Subsp. dempta is also distinguished by the obtuse apex of the leaf, whereas theapex is acute in subsp. calycina.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Melaleuca calycina subsp. dempta is known from only two localities, 5 km apart, east of Scaddan. This taxon occursnear the middle of the range of M. calycina subsp. calycina. It grows in clay in winter-wet depressions.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Scaddan,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 000+ Good2* Scaddan,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 50 Fair

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. calycina subsp. dempta is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Both the known populations on ScaddanRoad are threatened, population no. 1 by any road realignment and possibly by increased waterlogging caused by poordrainage, and population no. 2 by road maintenance. Road markers are recommended for both populations. Furthersurvey to accurately determine the conservation status of this taxon is urgently required.

References

Barlow and Cowley (1988), Blackall and Grieve (1980).

129

Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia Cowley MYRTACEAE

An openly-branched shrub, 2-3 m tall, which is covered in soft matted hairs on all parts, except the older leaves whichlose their hairs. Leaves are very narrowly triangular (8-20 x 1-2 mm). The dark red inflorescence is a spike of 22-38flowers on an axis 40-85 mm long with a stalk (2-5 mm). The broadly ovate bracts (13 x 1 mm) and the 2 ellipticbracteoles (3 x 2 mm) sometimes persist to anthesis. The calyx tube is barrel-shaped and hairy. Sepals are broadlyovate (1.5-2 mm) and persist to fruit maturity. There are 9-18 red stamens (11-26 mm, including claw 7-10 mm) perbundle. The fruit is compressed barrel-shaped (3 x 4-7 mm), papery in texture and has the valves deeply recessedbelow the aperture.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Melaleuca coccinea subsp. eximia is known from the Wittenoom Hills Nature Reserve and about 30 km to the south-east near Coolinup Road. It grows in light brown sandy soils associated with granite outcrops in scrub with Eucalyptusforrestiana and Calothamnus quadrifidus.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Wittenoon Hill Esp Esp NR 10.11.91 - -1b Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 26.11.85 - -2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp ?Private 15.12.88 Numerous -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. coccinea subsp. eximia appears to be very geographically restricted. It occurs in the Wittenoom Hills NatureReserve where it should remain secure. Further survey is required.

References

Cowley et al. (1990).

130

Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup (M.A.Burgman 3898) CYPERACEAE

A small, inconspicuous, tufted sedge, 6 cm tall and 5 cm diameter. Spikelets are 1-2 flowered in a lateral head, 2-3 mmlong.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup has been collected west of Cascades and near "Bitterwater Swamp" which is possibly nearthe Warburton Ranges in the Victoria Desert. Near Cascade it grows on sandplain in very open shrub mallee and heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav ?Shire Rd Res. 29.9.84 - -1b West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 29.9.84 - -2 Bitterwater Swamp - - - 10.73 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Mesomelaena sp. Munglinup was searched for at both locations on West Point Rd in September 1992, but was notlocated. Instead, this taxon was confused with Schoenus nanus and S. subflavus, both of which are present at thesesites. Burgman (1985b) describes this taxon "may be more widespread and common than [his] collections indicate".Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

131

Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill (K.R.Newbey 6546) RUTACEAE

A spreading, moderately dense, woody shrub, 50-70 cm tall and 40-50 cm wide. Leaves are linear (10 mm) with theedges of the leaves rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute). Flowers are without stalks and borne in terminalheads, with the upper leaves exceeding the head. Each flower has 5 petals, 10 free stamens and a distinct calyx whichis shorter than the petals.

This taxon has affinity to Microcybe pauciflora.

Flowering Period: November

Distribution and Habitat

Microcybe sp. Hatter Hill is known only from the Hatter Hill area, where it occurs on a small kaolinitic breakaway inwell-drained loam.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL (Mining Lease) 14.11.79 - -1b Hatter Hill Esp Rav ?VCL (Mining Lease) 16.9.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. sp. Hatter Hill appears to have a very restricted distribution. Hatter Hill has various mining tenements covering thearea. The two collections lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium have only vague locality information. Furthersurvey is required.

132

Mirbelia densiflora C.A.Gardner PAPILIONACEAE

An upright, spreading shrub, 0.3-1.0 m tall and 0.4-0.5 m wide. Leaves are linear (10-15 mm) with the margins rolledbackwards towards the midrib (revolute) and the tip has a short, sharp point. The flowers, which are borne in denseterminal heads, are deep golden yellow with reddish centres and have a large circular upright petal. The calyx is silky-hairy, with the posterior lobes united for half their length. The ovary and pod have 2 ovules which occur in 2 separatecells.

Flowering Period: October - January

Distribution and Habitat

Mirbelia densiflora is distributed over 150 km between Young River and Newdegate, but is most frequent in the areabetween Hatter Hill and Frank Hann National Park. It grows on small breakaways in stony loam and on gentlyundulating plains in well-drained loamy sand; in open woodlands, Eucalyptus redunca open shrublands and heaths.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Young River Esp Esp - 1.36 - -2a* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 60+ Healthy2b* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 100+ Healthy2c Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 500+ Healthy3* Mt Gibbs,W Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 10+ Healthy4 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 10+ Healthy5 Newdegate Kat LG - 12.10.65 - -

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. densiflora is found in a variety of habitats with the largest known populations occurring near Hatter Hill. At leastone population occurs in the Frank Hann National Park. Further survey is required.

References

Gardner (1942).

133

Myoporum velutinum Chinn. ms MYOPORACEAE

A shrub, 1 m tall. Leaves are narrow-lanceolate (15-65 x 6-10 mm) and covered in short, felt-like hairs. Stems arecovered in short, white hairs. Flowers are small, regular and white with prominent purple spots at base of the lobes andthe upper section of the short, straight tube. The flowers are borne on stalks (2-3 mm) with 1-4 clustered in the axils ofleaves.

Flowering Period: September

Fruiting Period: February

Distribution and Habitat

Myoporum velutinum ms is known from two localities less than 25 km apart, south of Condingup. It grows in damp,slightly saline, brown loamy sand on the margins of creeks.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mungliginup Creek Esp Esp Private 29.9.86 Common -2 Mt Hawes,SE Esp Esp NP 14.2.89 1 -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. velutinum ms may be threatened in the future by increased salinity levels and waterlogging, as a result of landclearing in the catchment area where this species is known to grow. Further survey is required, especially alongdrainage lines in the Cape Le Grand National Park. Collection of germ-plasm/seed material is recommended.

134

Otion rigidum Crisp ms PAPILIONACEAE[ex. Aotus sp. Dundas (M.A.Burgman 2835)]

A shrub, 0.5-0.8 m tall and 0.4-0.9 wide, with rigid, straight branchlets that are covered in minute, tightly curled hairsand are frequently spinescent. The scattered leaves are widely spreading, stalked (0.5 mm), narrow-oblong (1.5-10 x0.8-1.5 mm), thick, obtuse at the apex, and covered in minute hairs when young and on the lower side only when older;margins are tightly rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute) creating a groove on the underside. Single flowersare borne in the upper leaf axils on shortly-hairy stalks (1.5-4 mm); the calyx (5 mm) is covered in short hairs and has 5lobes which are about half the length of the calyx, the upper 2 lobes are united for approximately half their length. Thelarge, upright, broad-ovate standard (9.5 x 8.5 mm) is notched at the summit and yellow on the upper surface and redbeneath; the wings are yellow and the keel deep red. The ovary is covered with long, white hairs. The pod is almostglobular (7 x 5 mm) and covered with both long white and short curly hairs.

Otion rigidum ms is closely related to O. microphyllum (ex. Oxylobium microphyllum) which mostly occurs in theRavensthorpe-Hopetoun area and has more slender, non-spinescent branchlets and usually smaller leaves (1-5 x 0.6-2mm).

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

O. rigidum ms occurs between Peak Eleanora and Mt Heywood, a range of 140 km. It grows on sandy flats, sometimesnear watercourses or salt lakes, in open mallee and shrub communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 10.70 - -2 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 10+ Good3* Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 1 000+ Good4 Salmon Gums,S Esp Esp - 14.10.31 - -5 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp - 19.10.82 - -6 Peak Charles,SSW Esp Esp NP 11.11.79 - -7 Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 2.10.83 - -8 ?Kumarl,W Esp Esp VCL 5.10.85 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

135

Summary and Recommendations

O. rigidum ms is the type of a new genus being described by M. Crisp (personal communication). Recent taxonomicwork has found this taxon to be reasonably widespread and not as rare and vulnerable as originally believed byBurgman (1985b). It is known to occur in the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve and Peak Charles National Park. Furtheropportunistic survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b).

136

Persoonia baeckeoides Weston PROTEACEAE

An erect, spreading shrub, 0.5-0.9 m tall, with many stems branching from the base. Young branchlets are moderatelyhairy when young, but the hairs disappear with age. The alternate, crowded leaves are small, spoon-shaped (5-11 x 2-4mm), obtuse at the tip, twisted at the base, flat, and without hairs. Flowers are yellow-green in colour, narrow-oblong(8 x 1.5 mm) and borne on stalks (2-3 mm). The fleshy stonefruit is ellipsoid (8-11 x 5 mm) and smooth.

This species is a distinctive one, not closely resembling any other Persoonia.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

Persoonia baeckeoides is known from only two localities, north-east and north-west of Peak Charles, where it grows inyellow sandy loam over laterite in heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Peak Charles,NW Esp Esp VCL 5.12.80 - -2 Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 10.66 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The general vicinity of the known population was burnt in patches by fire in January 1991. Further survey is requiredto determine the size and extent of these remote populations, and to determine whether further populations exist.

137

Phebalium rude subsp. lineare (C.A.Gardner) Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE

An erect, multi-branched shrub, to 1.5 m tall. Leaves are thick, linear (20 x 1-1.5 mm), narrowing slightly towards thebase and rounded at the apex. Solitary, regular, white flowers are borne on stalks in the leaf axils. Flowers have adistinct calyx, 5 petals, 10 free stamens which have shiny stalks, and an ovary which is also shiny. Seed is bluntlyellipsoidal (3 mm long), smooth and dark brown.

Flowering Period: April - May, October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Phebalium rude subsp. lineare is known only from Mt Ragged, north-west of Israelite Bay. It grows in skeletal soil onexposed slopes and in valleys amongst quartzite rocks.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Good

Response to Disturbance

Two years after a hot burn on Mt Ragged (February 1991), this taxon had resprouted, with numerous stems (40-50 cmtall) from the base of plants, and was flowering.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. rude subsp. lineare is very geographically restricted and possibly rare. Frequent fires in the Mt Ragged area may bea problem for this taxon. Further survey is required.

P. rude subsp. lineare occurs in the Cape Arid National Park.

References

Wilson (1970).

138

Phlegmatospermum richardsii (F.Muell.) E.A.Shaw BRASSICACEAE

An erect, hairy, annual herb, to 20 cm tall. The basal leaves are broad towards the tip (egg-shaped), to 7 cm long, withmargins that are toothed or entire. Stem leaves are narrower, to 4 cm long, and shallowly lobed to entire. The oldestflowers are at the edge of the elongating head of flowers. Flowers are white or yellow, with sepals 2-4 mm long andpetals 3-7 mm long; the style is exserted beyond the petals. The dry fruit (<1 cm) is composed of 2 carpels separatedby a partition, each valve has warty protuberances with hairs on its base; fruit stalks (<1 cm) are stout and spreading.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

Phlegmatospermum richardsii occurs on the Nullarbor Plain from Eucla to Fowler's Bay in South Australia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Eucla Esp Dund - 9.1879 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. richardsii is a poorly known species which has not been collected for 100 years. Specimens are lodged in theAdelaide and Melbourne Herbaria, but not in Perth. No specific localities are known for this species, however itappears to be mainly distributed in South Australia rather than Western Australia. Further survey is required; liaisonwith the Adelaide Herbarium is recommended.

References

Hewson (1982).

139

Pimelea halophila Rye THYMELAEACEAE

An undershrub, 1.5-15 cm tall, which often has the main stem buried, giving rise to a number of main branchesappearing at ground level and forming a cushion. Leaves are alternate, hairless, elliptic (0.4-3.2 x 0.4-1.5 mm) andgreen to bluish-green. Flower heads are terminal and compact, with 4-20 pink flowers per head. Sepals are white tocream. Flower stalks are hairy. The floral tubes of male flowers are 2-2.5 mm long, while those of females are 1.5-1.7mm long, both are densely hairy on the outside. Seed (2 x 1 mm) has faint longitudinal markings.

Pimelea halophila is related to P. serpyllifolia but differs in the alternate and smaller leaves, in being densely hairy onthe outside of the flowers and in the shiny ovary of the female flowers.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

P. halophila is known from only two localities, east of Salmon Gums and over 200 km to the west at Lake King. Itgrows on slightly elevated ridges and islands of aeolian sand in or along the margins of salt lakes, in very low openshrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lake King Kat LG NR (Mining Lease) 1.9.89 100+ Good2 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 16.9.88 300 Healthy

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The Lake King population has been subject of mining for gypsum in at least one area (A. Wilson, personalcommunication). Further survey of salt lakes between Salmon Gums and Lake King is required.

P. halophila occurs in two Nature Reserves.

References

Rye (1988).

140

Pimelea pelinos Rye THYMELAEACEAE

An erect or straggling shrub to 60 cm tall, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Leaves are opposite, green,narrow but broader towards the tip (obovate, 2.5-11.5 x 0.8-2.5 mm) and lack hairs. Flowering branchlets occur in theuppermost leaf axils and have minute reddish bracts at the base. The 2 or 4 involucral bracts are leaf-like.Inflorescences consist of 5-21 cream flowers which are densely hairy outside, but lack hairs inside the tube; sepals arehairy on both sides. Male flowers have a tube (2-3 mm) that expands from 0.5 mm diameter at the middle to 1 mm atthe summit; the anthers are virtually without stalks. Female flowers have a tube (1.5 x 1 mm) which scarcely continuesabove the ovary; the ovary has an apical tuft of hairs; the stigma is somewhat brush-like.

Flowering Period: June - July

Distribution and Habitat

Pimelea pelinos is known from only one locality east of Scaddan. It grows in grey sandy clay on low ridges betweensalt lakes, in shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Scaddan,E Esp Esp ?VCL 10.6.88 200 -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

P. pelinos appears to be geographically restricted and is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Furthersurvey of salt lakes south of Scaddan Road is recommended. According to Annette Wilson (personal communication),P. pelinos does not occur around salt lakes immediately north of Scaddan Road which have a gypsum rather than a claysubstrate.

References

Rye (1989).

141

Pultenaea sp. Mt Beaumont (K.R.Newbey 7928) PAPILIONACEAE

A moderately open, spreading shrub, 30-40 cm tall and 18-20 cm wide, divided just above ground level into 4-5branches which have only sparse secondary branching. Young branches are covered in short, soft hairs. Leaves arelinear (5-8 x 0.8 mm), curved backwards slightly, have margins that are rolled backwards towards the midrib (revolute),and an apex with a fine, spiny tip. There is a small appendage (stipule) at the base of the leaf stalk which is narrow-triangular (5 x 1 mm), dark brown and hairy along the margins. Leafy flower heads occur at the ends of branches. Therelatively small flowers are borne on short, hairy stalks. The calyx (5 x 3.5 mm) is covered with short, soft hairs; the 2upper lobes are not united. Petals are brownish-red and yellow.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

This taxon is known from only one locality, south-east of Mt Beaumont. It grows in well-drained shallow sand overclay on a flat plain, in mixed open Eucalyptus shrub mallee.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Beaumont,SE Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 10.11.1980 Rare -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Search for this taxon in October 1992 failed to relocate the known population. Further intensive survey of the area isrequired.

References

Newbey (1983).

142

Rulingia tratmannii C.R.P.Andrews STERCULIACEAE= ?Rulingia craurophylla F.Muell.

A shrub, 0.5-1.2 m tall, with slender branches, covered when young with grey, velvety, short matted hairs whichdisappear as the plant matures. Leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate (20-25 x 3-6 mm), stalkless, have a rounded apex,margins that are cut into rounded teeth and curve backwards towards the midrib (revolute); both sides of the leaves arecovered with star-shaped hairs. Flowers are in loose heads, borne on long, branching stalks (10-20 mm) in the axils ofleaves. The calyx is covered with short matted hairs, especially at the base, and the upper part is prominently angled.Petals are expanded into lateral lobes at the base, the ligula are very narrow and 3-nerved. The ovary is without hairs.Styles are free, but the stigmas are more or less coherent.

Flowering Period: September - October

Taxonomy

This taxon appears to have been described twice, originally as Rulingia craurophylla by F. Mueller (1875), and later asRulingia tratmannii by C.R.P. Andrews (1904) from a specimen collected near Dundas in 1903.

A note on the folder in the New South Wales Herbarium states "These species are regarded as synonyms in Blackalland Grieve 'How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers Part II'. There is no mention of R. coacta S.Moore which ispossibly also synonymous although Gardner in his Enumerator lists both R. coacta and R. tratmannii. I am inclined tounite material bearing these 3 names under the earliest R. craurophylla until further evidence comes up." (Anon.)

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Inspection of the type specimens would elucidate the identity of these species. Their current locality is unknown.

References

Andrews (1904), Mueller (1875).

143

Scaevola sp. Swallow Rock (K.R.Newbey 9677) GOODENIACEAE

A dense, cushion-like shrub, 1-3 cm tall and 20-35 cm wide, which divides at ground level into numerous, radiatingbranches pressed closely to the ground. The soft leaves (3-5 x 2 mm) are covered in long white hairs and are crowdedat the ends of branches. Cream-coloured flowers are borne in the axils of leaves where they are partly hidden byfoliage. The corolla tube and lobes are covered with long, white hairs.

The only other cushion-like Scaevola occurring in the same range is S. pulvinaris which can be distinguished by itshairless leaves. S. sp. Swallow Rock appears to have some affinity with S. arenaria.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

This taxon is known only from an area near Swallow Rock, 45 km east of Lake King. It is common in patches on themargins of minor, freshwater drainage lines on a flat sandplain, in a low shrub complex.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Swallow Rock Esp Rav VCL 22.11.82 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. sp. Swallow Rock is very poorly known and possibly geographically restricted. It not known to occur in anyconservation reserve. Fresh flowering material is required for taxonomic work. Further survey is required.

References

Newbey (1983).

144

Spyridium minutum Rye RHAMNACEAE

A moderately dense, rigid undershrub, 10-25 cm tall and 5-15 cm wide. Young branches are light brown and coveredwith fine hairs which disappear with age. Leaves are very small (1.0-1.3 x 1 mm) and thick, with the margins rolledbackwards towards the midrib (revolute), giving the leaf an inflated appearance. The upper surface of the leaf is shiny,hairless and green, while the lower surface is cream-coloured caused by the covering of fine, matted hairs. Thecreamy-grey flowers are usually in pairs (or single), small (<2 mm) and without stalks.

Spyridium minutum is similar to S. cordatum, but can be distinguished by the flowers being single or in pairs, whereasS. cordatum has numerous flowers per cluster.

Flowering Period: March, May, September

Distribution and Habitat

S. minutum is widespread between the Young River and Clyde Hill extending northwards to near Salmon Gums, arange of 200 km. It prefers sandy clay loams on undulating plain, in Eucalyptus mallee/woodland and myrtaceousscrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Dowak Esp Esp NR 20.11.92 12+ Good2 529 ml peg Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 15.5.68 - -3 Mt Beaumont,SE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 1 000+ Good4 West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 9.84 - -5* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 5+ Good6* Griffiths Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 10 000+ Good

Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 1 000+ Good7* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 2 000+ Good8* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 <10 Good9* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 <10 Good10* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 5+ Good11* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 5+ Good12* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 Occasional Good13* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 60+ Disturbed14* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10+ Good15a* Griggs Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 1 000+ Good15b* Fields Rd Esp Esp NR 14.9.92 50+ Good16* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 10+ Good17* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 Good18* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 Occasional Good19* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20+ Post-fire20* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good21* Mt Heywood,WNW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good22* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good23* Mt Ridley,NW Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 5+ Good24* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 50+ Good25* Grass Patch Esp Esp ?Rail Res. 17.11.92 3 Good

145

Known Populations (cont’d)

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

26* Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 Frequent Good27* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 20+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. minutum was originally thought to be rare (Newbey 1983) and endangered (Burgman 1985b). Recent surveys haveshown this inconspicuous species to be relatively common. Two localities of Burgman (1985b) on West Point Roadwere revisited and found to be the closely related S. cordatum.

S. minutum grows in at least four Nature Reserves.

References

Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983).

146

Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring (K.R.Newbey 9773) EUPHORBIACEAE

A low spreading, becoming rounded, dense shrub, 15-18 cm tall and 20-30 cm wide. Stems are contorted and woodywith grey rough flaky bark; young stems are ridged and bright light brown. Leaves are alternate, keeled (ridged like thebottom of a boat) with a prominent midrib underneath, narrow but broader towards the tip (5-7 x 1-2 mm) which has ahard, sharp point. There are 2 narrow-triangular bracts (stipules, 1.8 mm), at the base of each leaf. The almostpendulous, deep maroon flower heads are at the ends of branches; 3-4 male flowers surround 2 central female flowers.Male flowers have 3 outer bracts (2-4 x 1.5-2.5 mm) which are glossy black-grey with a reddish margin, the inner 3bracts (7 x 1.4 mm) are dull black; there are 70-80 globular anthers crowded on the grey-black column (2 mm). Femaleflowers are tubular (2 mm) with 2 pale brown outer bracts and 4 leaf-like inner bracts; the ovary is angular, bright greenwith a 2-3 lobed style. Fruits (7 x 3.5 mm) are finely ridged and bright green.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Stachystemon sp. Mt Baring is known from only two localities, near Mt Baring and over 250 km to the west nearBandalup Hill. It grows in deep white sands on a flat plain in Eucalyptus tetraptera mallee and on a breakaway oflateritized spongolite with E. lehmannii and Banksia lemanniana. Associated species include Phymatocarpusmaxwellii, Astartea ambigua, Calothamnus gracilis and Banksia gardneri and various sedges.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 11.10.83 Rare -2* Bandalup Hill Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 1 -

* = new population (C.J.Robinson)

Response to Disturbance

According to Newbey (1983) this taxon resuckers after fire.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

In April 1993, the general area near Mt Baring population was surveyed, but this taxon was not found. Further surveyis required.

References

Newbey (1983), Robinson and Coates (1995).

147

Styphelia pulchella (Stschegl.) Druce EPACRIDACEAE

An upright to spreading shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 35-40 cm wide. Leaves are rigid, overlapping, very concave andcurved backwards at the tip (recurved), dull green, broader towards the base than the tip (ovate, 2.5-3.0 x 2.5 mm) andhave a fine, sharp spiny tip. Leaf margins are strongly serrated. Single flowers are borne in leaf axils. The corolla iswhite, tubular (6-7 mm), hairless inside, but with bearded lobes that curve backwards; the stamens are exposed.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Styphelia pulchella is distributed over 550 km, from the Fitzgerald River National Park to south of Cocklebiddy. Itgrows on well-drained, sandy clay loams on flat plains or mountain slopes, in shrub/heath communities with or withoutopen mallee. Associated species may include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. salubris, Melaleuca pauperiflora,Daviesia benthamii and Acrotriche cordata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Cocklebiddy,S Esp Esp NR 11.7.74 - -1b Cocklebiddy,S Esp Esp NR 9.8.86 - -2 Mt Norcott Esp Esp - 22.9.78 - -3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 5.9.86 - -4 Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 5.9.86 - Disturbed5 Bonnie Hill,W Esp Esp - 2.8.83 - -6a Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 17.8.80 - -6b* Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 50+ Post-fire7a Hatter Hill,SE Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 8.8.79 1 -7b Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL 3.9.70 Common -8 Jerdacuttup River Alb Rav - 15.8.65 - -9a Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 4.10.81 Scattered -9b Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 3.9.86 - -10 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - - - -11 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 9.83 Occasional -12 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - 26.8.65 - -13 Phillips River Alb Rav - 1800s - -14 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 9.24 - -15 Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 26.4.69 - -

* = new sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Two years after a hot burn (February 1991) in the Mt Ragged area, S. pulchella was found resuckering and in bud.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

148

Summary and Recommendations

S. pulchella is widespread and known to occur in four conservation reserves. Newbey (1983) considered that althoughthe soil/vegetation types are widespread where S. pulchella could grow, the species is rare. J. Powell (personalcommunication) suggests that it is relatively common in localised areas.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Newbey (1983).

149

Thysanotus baueri R.Br. ANTHERICACEAEFringed Lily

A perennial plant with a small rhizome and tuberous roots that are ellipsoidal (25-75 x 5-10 mm). The 3-5 leaves arealmost cylindrical (6-13 cm) and usually wither early. The inflorescence is racemose (8-24 cm long), with umbels of 1-4 flowers on articulated stalks (6-10 mm) and 2-4 stalkless flowers below. Sepals are elliptic (2.5 mm wide) and petalsoblong-elliptic (4 mm wide) with the hairy fringe 2-2.5 mm long. There are 6 stamens; anthers are curved and twisted,the 3 yellow outer anthers being shorter (3.5 mm) than the 3 purple inner anthers (6.5 mm). The style (7 mm) isstraight except for the apex.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Thysanotus baueri is widely distributed in Western Australia, with a known range of over 1500 km. Usually it has beenfound in grassy open habitats in drier inland areas on open plain, in calcareous loam over limestone or in gravelly redsoil.

T. baueri also occurs in central and western New South Wales, north-eastern Victoria and southern South Australia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 ?Rawlinna Gold Bldr Pastoral Lease 20.10.66 - -2 White Cliffs Gold - Pastoral Lease 21.10.63 Frequent -3* Deralinya Esp Dund VCL 14.11.93 1 000+ Healthy4 Cocklebiddy,E Esp Dund - 13.10.83 1 -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Although T. baueri is poorly known in Western Australia, its wide distribution suggests that it has been poorlycollected, rather than naturally rare. Further survey is still required to determine its status in this State.

References

Brittan (1987).

150

Verticordia sieberi var. pachyphylla A.S.George MYRTACEAE

An erect, spreading shrub, 40-50 cm tall and 30-50 cm wide. Leaves are dull lightish green, very broad elliptic (3 x1.5-2 mm) and thick. Flower stalks (1-3 mm) are also very thick. Rounded clusters of 1-10 flowers are borne at theends of branches. Flowers have light pink petals with fringed margins; the calyx tube is covered in long, grey hairs andhas pale pink, comb-like, deeply fringed sepals (2-3 mm); the style (4 mm) is bearded around the upper section.

Verticordia sieberi is distinguished from V. plumosa by being a slender shrub with deeper fringing of the sepal lobes,and from V. stenopetala by the shorter petals and style (V. sieberi has a style equal to or just exceeding the petals, whileV. stenopetala has a style about twice the length of the petals). V. sieberi var. curta which grows to the west of var.pachyphylla can be distinguished by its shorter sepals (1.5-1.7 mm) and the margins of petals which are shortlyserrated.

Flowering Period: January

Distribution and Habitat

V. sieberi var. pachyphylla is known from two localities, one being in Frank Hann National Park. It grows on well-drained, slightly saline aeolian loamy sand on the inner slope of a salt lake. It is frequent in patches in low shrubland,associated with Darwinia diosmoides.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 1

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 26.1.90 Frequent -2 Lake King- Esp ?Esp Gravel Res. 30.10.88 - -

Norseman Rd

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

According to George (1991), further study is needed on the taxonomy of V. sieberi, as this species shows considerablevariation. He suggests that this taxon probably occurs around other salt lakes in the region of the known population.Further survey is required.

At least one population of V. sieberi var. pachyphylla occurs within the Frank Hann National Park.

References

George (1991).

214

B. Priority Two Taxa

Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List there were 74 Priority Two taxa known from within the boundaries of theEsperance District.

Of these, 39 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-populations were found for 26taxa.

The following taxa are not included, as current information indicates that they are not distributed in the EsperanceDistrict:

Cymbonotus preissianusDampiera deltoideaEucalyptus stoatei x tetrapteraGrevillea wittweri

The following taxa were deleted as they were identified as being another species:

Baeckea sp. Cape Arid (K.R.Newbey 9753)= Micromyrtus imbricataPultenaea sp. Bremer Range (K.R.Newbey 8205)= Pultenaea confertaPultenaea sp. Wittenoom Hills (M.A.Burgman 2564)= Pultenaea spinulosa

The following taxa were renamed during the project:

Amperea sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)= Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)Asteraceae genus nov. (M.A.Burgman 4418)= Haegiela tatei Daviesia sp. CAM (K.R.Newbey 8162) 'campephylla'= Daviesia campephylla msEucalyptus fraseri subsp. nov. Fraser Range (A.Popplewell 2.69)= Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis msEucalyptus sp. Balladonia (S.D.Hopper 3115) [aff. pileata]= Eucalyptus spreta msGrevillea sp. Scaddan (P.Olde 91/332) [aff. plurijuga]= Grevillea superbaPersoonia hakeiformis (Esperance specimens different)= Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424)Scaevola brooksiana= Scaevola brookeanaSpyridium sp. Frank Hann (K.R.Newbey 6688)= Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum ms

215

Acacia amyctica R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A spreading, moderately dense shrub, 0.7-1.5 m tall with smooth, light grey bark. Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow toelliptic and wider towards the apex (15-25 x 2.5-4.0 mm), straight or slightly curved, hairless, have numerous closely-parallel nerves, a stiff, spiny tip which is asymmetrical, and 1 basal gland. The golden flower heads are globular (3-3.5mm), 20-25 flowered, with 2 heads per axil borne on stalks (4-7 mm). Legumes are linear (to 60 x 3 mm), notconstricted between the seeds and strongly curved in one or more circles.

Acacia amyctica is very similar in appearance to A. ancistrophylla var. ancistrophylla which has fewer flowers per head,phyllodes without a spiny tip and indistinct nerves. It also resembles A. whibleyana, but that species has wider fruits inwhich the seeds are arranged obliquely, and does not occur in the same geographic area.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

A. amyctica is distributed over about 80 km, from Peak Charles National Park and Pyramid Lake east to Salmon Gums.It grows in loam and on sandy clay plains in low woodland and open shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 25.9.83 - -2 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.12.71 - -3a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 500+ Good3b* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 19.9.93 100+ Good3c* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 000+ Good3d* Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 1 000+ Good4* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10 Good5 Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 50+ Good6 Dunn Swamp,E Esp Esp VCL 15.11.80 Frequent -

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Acacia amyctica has the potential to be distributed through largely inaccessible areas of unvested Crown Land to thesouth-west and south-east of Peak Charles. Further opportunistic survey is required.

216

Acacia asepala Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A spreading shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall with branchlets that are red-brown at the extremities. Phyllodes ('leaves') are needle-like (10-25 x 1 mm), rigid, thick, hairless, 5-nerved, and have a gland 2-4 mm above the base. The small, golden flowerheads are globular, 10-flowered, and borne on stalks (2 mm) with 2 per axil. Flowers are unusual in that they lack acalyx and are not subtended by bracteoles.

Acacia asepala ms has similar branchlets and phyllodes to A. calcarata which has 15-20 flowers per head on stalks 7mm long. Phyllodes also resemble those of A. colletioides which have 8 nerves, as well the flowers have a calyx andbracteoles.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

A. asepala ms is known only from Marvel Loch and Frank Hann National Park, a distance of 180 km betweenpopulations. A further collection was made by A.J. Hart (1985), however the locality is unknown. This species growson loam or sandy loam in low Eucalyptus woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Marvel Loch Mer Yil - 23.8.79 Scattered -2 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 13.8.85 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. asepala ms is common and apparently secure in Frank Hann National Park, however a survey in 1993 failed torelocate this population (no. 2). Mollemans et al. (1993) unsuccessfully searched for the Marvel Loch population.

This species has the potential to be distributed through largely inaccessible, Vacant Crown Land to the north of FrankHann National Park. Further survey is required.

References

Mollemans et al. (1993).

217

Acacia carnosula Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A spreading, domed or more or less straggly shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are broader towards the mid-upper section (5-10 x 1-2.5 mm), thick, slightly fleshy, hairless and rounded at the tip; an inconspicuous gland is located2-4.5 mm above the base. The light golden heads are globular (3-3.5 mm), 9-11 flowered and borne on stalks (4-6 mm)with 1 or 2 per node. Legumes are linear (to 40 x 3.5 mm), hairless, dark-brown and sometimes slightly constrictedbetween the seeds which are arranged longitudinally.

A. carnosula ms is possibly related to A. profusa which lacks bracteoles in the flower heads, has more linear phyllodesand seeds arranged sideways in the legume.

Flowering Period: July - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. carnosula ms is confined to the Caiguna-Eyre-Cocklebiddy area, except for one collection near Israelite Bay, over200 km south-east. It grows in calcareous sand, loamy sand or clay loam over limestone pavement, in open shrub or treemallee.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Caiguna,S Esp Dund VCL 27.8.83 - -2a Cocklebiddy,S Esp Dund NR 11.7.74 - -2b Eyre,NNW Esp Dund NR 4.10.74 Scattered -2c Eyre,NW Esp Dund NR 28.8.91 Occasional -3 Twilight Cove Esp Dund NR 9.8.82 - -4 Israelite Bay,W Esp Esp NR 14.8.80 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. carnosula ms should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Further survey is required.

218

Acacia castanostegia Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A rounded, intricate, prickly shrub, 0.7 m tall and 1-2 m diameter. Branchlets yellow-ribbed. The phyllodes ('leaves')are held at right-angles to the stem, rigid, quadrangular (5-30 x 1 mm) with a nerve along the ridge of each angle, andhave a long, sharp spine at the tip. The globular flower heads (3-5 mm) are cream and 5-flowered. Legumes are longand narrow (40-50 x 2-3 mm) and are not contracted between the seeds.

A. castanostegia ms is closely related to A. pachypoda which has the base of the phyllode dilated where it attaches to thestem.

Flowering Period: July - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. castanostegia ms is distributed over about 200 km, mainly between Mt Holland and Hatter Hill, with morewidespread populations known from Lake Seabrook (near Koolyanobbing) and near Norseman. It grows in sand, loamand lateritic soils, in Eucalyptus woodland open scrub or heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lake Seabrook Mer Yil ?VCL 10.9.79 - -2 Mt Holland,N Mer Yil VCL 23.8.79 Common -3 Mt Holland,NNW Mer Yil VCL 30.7.69 - -4 North Ironcap,E Nar Kon VCL 20.10.87 - -5 North Ironcap,SE Nar Kon VCL 11.10.75 Common -6 Lake Cronin,W Nar Kon VCL 2.11.79 Rare -7 Forrestania Nar Kon VCL 25.7.79 - -8 South Ironcap Nar Kon VCL 8.7.79 Frequent -9 Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 1 Good10 Norseman,SE Esp Dund VCL 1.4.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. castenostegia ms is widespread, with much of its distribution being in Vacant Crown Land with poor access.Mollemans et al. (1993) suggested that road works along the Southern Cross-Forrestania Road may have affected thepopulations north of Mt Holland (populations 2 and 3). Further survey is warranted.

References

Mollemans et al. (1993).

219

Acacia incanicarpa A.R.Chapman & Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A bushy shrub, 1-2.5 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are narrow-oblong to elliptic (40-75 x 7-14 mm) with a blunt point atthe tip, leathery in texture, silvery grey-green, and have 1 or 3 main nerves with numerous, fine, parallel nerves inbetween. The light golden flowers heads are oblong-shaped (7-10 x 4-5 mm) and borne on stalks (2-3 mm) which aresolitary in axils of the phyllodes. Legumes are linear (to 100 x 4-5 mm) with the dark brown seeds (3-5 mm) arrangedlongitudinally.

A. incanicarpa ms bears some resemblance to A. tarculensis which grows in South Australia.

Flowering Period: November - January, April

Distribution and Habitat

A. incanicarpa ms is geographically restricted to the Cape Le Grand National Park. It grows in pockets of loamy sandon granitic slopes and ridges in open scrub, open heath and low shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 20+ Good2a Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 - -2b Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP - 2+ Good3 'Hill 49' Esp Esp NP 9.11.79 - -4* Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 15-30 Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A number of small populations of A. incanicarpa ms occur in the Cape Le Grand National Park where they shouldremain secure. Further survey is required around granite outcrops in the Park.

220

Acacia kerryana Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A spreading, rather dense shrub, 50-60 cm tall and up to 2 m diameter. The smooth, slightly shiny branchlets aresomewhat flexible towards their tips. Phyllodes ('leaves') are light olive green, long and narrow (8-16 cm x 0.5 mm),cylindrical, almost grass-like in appearance and often have a curled tip; there are 8 fine, impressed nerves which becomeslightly raised on drying; a gland, which is not prominent, occurs on the upper surface of the phyllode some distanceabove the base. The light golden flower heads are shortly oblong (6-7 x 4 mm), 12-15 flowered and borne on stalks (6-13 mm), with 2-3 in each axil. Flowers are 4-merous. Legumes are twisted and coiled (to 8.5 cm) with the marginsconstricted between the seeds.

Flowering Period: October, February

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia kerryana is known from only four localities distributed over 200 km, from Lake Cronin to near Norseman, andnorth to Spargoville. It appears always to be associated with low rocky hills where it grows in granitic loamy sand, red-brown loam or red clayey loam. It may occur in association with various other species of Acacia, Allocasuarinacampestris, Triodia scariosa and mallee eucalypts.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Bremer Range Esp Dund VCL 28.12.83 - -2 Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 31.10.80 Scattered -3 Spargoville,S Gold Cool ?VCL 16.2.81 - -4 Lake Cronin,NW Mer Yil VCL 7.10.81 Rare -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The population north-east of Norseman was not relocated in a survey of the Jimberlana Hill area in November 1992.Further survey is required.

A. kerryana is not known in any conservation reserve.

References

Maslin (1982).

221

Acacia nitidula Benth. MIMOSACEAE

A diffuse or bushy shrub, 0.4-2.0 m tall and 0.5-1.0 m wide, which lacks hairs and is occasionally glutinous. Youngbranches are reddish-brown and smooth. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear (12-35 mm), rather thick, rigid, prominently 2-or 3-nerved and have an obtuse or minute callous point. Flowers heads are small, globular, 12-20 flowered and borneon slender stalks (4-8 mm) which are usually in pairs in the axils. Flowers are mostly 5-merous.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia nitidula is widespread, with populations known in Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks, on MiddleIsland and west of Ravensthorpe, a range of over 300 km. It typically grows in shallow loamy sand over granite.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1 000+ Good1b* Barrier Anchorage,S Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 500+ Good2 Belinup Hill Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 100+ Good3 Middle Island Esp Esp NR 22.11.73 - -4* Mt Baring Esp Esp NR 25.4.93 20+ Good5* Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 500+ Good6 Ravensthorpe,W Alb Rav - 13.9.71 - -

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. nitidula is common on granite complexes in the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks where it is secure atpresent. Further survey is required in the Ravensthorpe District, as this population appears anomalous.

References

Bentham (1864).

222

Acacia ophiolithica R.S.Cowan and Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A rounded shrub, 0.3 to 2 m tall, with yellowish-green foliage. Branchlets are smooth and cylindrical to slightly angled.Phyllodes ('leaves') are bright green, cylindrical (20-45 x 1 mm) with the apex narrowed, crowded, smooth, have 4 or 8obscure immersed nerves, and a fine oblique spine at the tip. The golden flower heads are globular (to 3.5 mm), 10-15flowered, with 2 borne per axil on long stalks (to 13 mm). Legumes are straight or slightly curved, linear (to 37 mm),slightly raised over the seeds and have conspicuous, thickened margins.

A. ophiolithica is closely related to A. uncinella which has more phyllode nerves. A. binata resembles A. ophiolithicaand occurs in the same area; it has 3 obscure nerves, obtuse phyllodes, larger flowers in short 2-headed racemes, andmore or less coiled pods.

Flowering Period: August - November

Distribution and Habitat

A. ophiolithica is restricted to and locally common on the Jerdacuttup River area, east of Ravensthorpe. A collection byMaxwell, last century, was from the Oldfield River area. It grows in yellow brown sandy clay or loamy clay on or nearrocky riverbanks, in association with mallee shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav Rd Verge 27.11.81 Dense -2 Ravensthorpe Range Alb Rav VCL 27.10.87 Scattered -3 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav Rd Verge 25.9.83 Common -4 Kundip,E Alb Rav - 11.8.88 - -5 Nth Jerdacuttup Rd Alb Rav - 4.10.83 - -6 Mt Desmond,E Alb Rav - 30.12.83 - -7 Oldfield River ?Esp Rav - 1800s - -

tributary

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. ophiolithica appears to be common in the Ravensthorpe Range and may occur within the Kundip Nature Reserve.Negotiations between the Shire, CALM and DEP are in progress to vest the Ravensthorpe Range as a reserve.

References

Robinson and Coates (1995).

223

Acacia profusa Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A compact to open shrub, to 1 m tall. Branchlets are hairless, sometimes resinous, and yellow-orange in colour.Phyllodes ('leaves') lack hairs, are linear (7-15 x 1-1.5 mm), narrowed at the base, slightly thickened, with a sharp pointto one side of the tip; a gland exists 0.2-1.5 mm above the base. The surface of the phyllodes sometimes has a waxy,powdery secretion (pruinose) giving it a bluish appearance. The golden flower heads are globular (4.5-5 mm), 10-17flowered with 1 or 2 borne on a stalk (9-16 mm) in a phyllode axis. Legumes are oblong to narrowly oblong (to 25 x10-12 mm) and prominently raised over the seeds alternatively on each side. Seeds are arranged sideways in thelegume.

Acacia profusa ms resembles variants of A. lachnophylla which can be recognised by branchlets being hairy, thephyllodes having a distinct mid-nerve and the gland occurring more than 5 mm above the phyllode stalk, and legumesthat are narrow and coiled.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. profusa ms is distributed over an area of about 180 km, between Frank Hann National Park and Mt Ridley, andnorthward to Kumarl. It grows in clay or sandy loam on flats in open shrub mallee, open dwarf scrub or low heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 2 000+ Good2 Kumarl Esp Esp - 10.34 - -3 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ -4 Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ -5a Grass Patch,N Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 23.10.69 - -5b Grass Patch,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 2 Average6a Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 100+ Good6b Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 500+ Good7 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp - 1.9.47 - -

23.9.92 Not found -8 ?Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 11.10.65 - -9 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 2.8.80 - -10a Rollond Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 28.9.84 - -10b* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 200+ Good11 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 10-20 Vulnerable12* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 36 Vulnerable13* Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 20+ Good14* Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 23.9.92 10 Disturbed

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

224

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. profusa ms is a widespread species which has been poorly collected. It should remain secure in the Frank HannNational Park. The majority of known populations are on narrow road reserves in the Salmon Gums-Grass Patch area;these are vulnerable in the long term.

In 1992, surveys for the collections of A. profusa ms referred to by Gardner in 1934 as "near Kumarl" and by Willis in1947 as "S of Grass Patch...." failed to relocate these populations.

225

Acacia tetraptera Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A spreading shrub, 0.2-0.7 m tall, with slender branches. Young branches are covered in soft, felty hairs. Phyllodes('leaves') are hairless, squarish (2.5-4 x 2-4 mm), with raised nerves that give the appearance of 4 small wings; the tip isa sharp spine. The bright golden flower heads are globular (4-5 mm), 20-30 flowered and borne on stalks (4-8 mm) with2 per node. Legumes are almost cylindrical (to 20 x 2 mm) and strongly arched, leathery in texture, hairless and black.Seeds (2 mm) are arranged lengthwise in the legume and are mottled grey and black with a conical, yellow appendage(aril).

This species does not have any close relatives.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia tetraptera ms is distributed over more than 200 km, occurring from near Hyden and Mt Holland south-east tonear Grass Patch. It grows in loam or sand over clayey loam.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 13.9.92 50-100 Disturbed2 Peak Eleanora,W Esp Esp NP 7.9.83 - -3a Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 1 000+ Good3b Peak Charles,NE Esp Esp VCL 6.9.76 - -4 Peak Charles,NW Esp Esp VCL 17.9.93 50+ Post-fire5 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp - 2.7.76 Occasional -

23.9.92 Not found -6a Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 9.8.78 - -6b Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 10.12.71 - -7a Grass Patch,ENE Esp Esp Water Res. 23.9.92 15+ Good7b Grass Patch,ENE Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1.10.83 - -8 Northover Soak Esp Rav VCL 6.9.83 - Post-fire9 Mt Day,S Esp Dund VCL 28.12.83 - -10 Mt Holland,S Mer Yil VCL 5.2.87 - -11 Bounty Mine,W Mer Yil VCL 29.2.92 - -12 The Pimple Nar Kulin NR 18.6.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

226

Summary and Recommendations

A. tetraptera ms appears to be widespread through Vacant Crown Land, with the southern limit of its distribution (FieldsRd) abutting agricultural land. Most of the area is undisturbed and largely inaccessible.

A. tetraptera ms occurs in two National Parks and one Nature Reserve. It readily regenerates after fire (pop. nos. 3a and8).

227

Acrotriche patula R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE

A rigid, stout, widely branching shrub, 0.4-1.2 m tall and 0.5-0.6 m wide. Young stems are slightly hairy. Leaves arebluish-green, lanceolate (6-12 x 2-5 mm) and have a stiff, sharp, spiny tip; the upper surface is shiny. Clusters of 6-12flowers are borne in axils of the leaves. The green corolla tube (3-4 mm) has a white streak extending from the throat tohalfway down the tube along the lines of fusion; corolla lobes (1.5-2.5 mm) have reflexed hairs at their apex which tendto form a line, linking the hairs at the throat. The ovary is hairless, the style short and the stigma flat. The pink fruit isshiny, globular (2-3 mm) and wrinkled.

Acrotriche patula was first described from South Australian collections. The Western Australian variant has largerflowers which are darker green than the eastern states variety.

Flowering Period: May, September - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. patula occurs between Marvel Loch and Hatter Hill, distributed over about 160 km. It grows in red-brown sandy clayon stony, breakaway slopes (quartz and ironstone) or on undulating plain in mallee, scrub or open scrub.

Along the eastern south coast, A. patula grows between Madura and Eucla. In South Australia, it occurs on the EyrePeninsula, Mt Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island. Along the southern coast it grows in calcareous sandy soil associatedwith outcropping limestone.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Parker Range Tank Mer Yil VCL & ?NR 31.8.90 626 Healthy2 Parker Range,S Mer Yil NR 18.10.90 20 Healthy3 Cockatoo Tank Mer Yil ?Water Res. 19.10.90 1 Healthy4 Lake Cronin,SW Nar Kon VCL 3.10.79 - -5a Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL (Mining Lease) 27.10.92 50+ Good5b Hatter Hill,S Esp Rav VCL 4.9.70 - -6a Eucla,N Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 30.8.74 - -6b Eucla Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 2.8.79 Occasional -7 Madura Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 5.9.63 Uncommon -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A. patula appears to be reasonably secure in the Marvel Loch-Hatter Hill region, although populations in the mininglease at Hatter Hill need to be monitored (Mollemans et al. 1993).

228

Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)Little is known of the populations along the eastern south coast, although the species is relatively common in SouthAustralia where it extends across the Great Australian Bight on limestone areas (J. Powell, personal communication).Further taxonomic work is required to determine whether there are two distinct taxa (inland and coastal) of A. patula.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Mollemans et al. (1993), Paterson (1960).

229

Andersonia macranthera F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect, moderately open shrub, 10-30 cm tall, with the main stems frequently bare of leaves, giving the plant a slenderappearance. Leaves (2-6 x 1-2 mm) are stem-clasping, closely overlapping, wide at the base and narrowing to the tip.Leaf tips are triangular or near cylindrical, erect or incurved, not twisted, and have a small, sharp spine at the apex. Thepink flowers are single and terminal; sepals (7 mm) are either hairless or slightly hairy; the corolla is shorter than thecalyx and is bearded inside below the middle. Staminal filaments are rather stout, thickened and bear lateral tufts oflong hairs below the anthers; filaments are about the same length as the anthers, which are attached at their base. Thestyle lacks hairs and is somewhat thickened below the middle, tapering towards the base; the stigma is club-shaped.

Flowering Period: May - August

Distribution and Habitat

Andersonia macranthera is distributed over 270 km, from near the Young River to Israelite Bay. It grows in deep whitesand on sandplain in tall shrubland to low mixed heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Eld Rd Esp Esp NR 29.3.83 50+ Good2 Coolingup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 100+ Good3 Styles Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 2.7.84 - -4 Gibson,N Esp Esp - 10.8.51 - -5 West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. Pre 9.92 - Burnt6 Balladonia Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 25.4.93 20+ Good7* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp NP 19.4.93 120+ Good8* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 50+ Good9* Mt Baring,N Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 2 000+ Good10* Boolenup Walk Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 20+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

May be susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. macranthera has been poorly collected. Recent surveys have found this species to be a common component ofheathlands between Mt Baring and Israelite Bay in the Cape Arid National Park and Nuytsland Nature Reserve.

A. macranthera is secure in at least one National Park and two Nature Reserves.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Watson (1962).

230

Angasomyrtus salina Trudgen & Keighery MYRTACEAE

A low, widely spreading shrub, to 40 cm tall and 2 m diameter. Young branches, very young leaves and flowers arefinely and sparsely covered in short, soft hairs. Leaves are clustered at the ends of branches, narrow (4-6 x 1-1.5 mm),thick, concave, yellow-green and dotted with glands. Flowers are small (4-6 mm across petals), and solitary in the axilsof leaf-like bracts. The very pale pink or white petals are about twice the length of the calyx lobes. There are 16-19stamens arranged in 2 whorls, the outer whorl being longer (0.4-0.6 mm) than the inner whorl. The fruit is a capsule.

Flowering Period: December - February

Distribution and Habitat

Angasomyrtus salina is distributed over about 80 km, between Truslove and Mt Heywood. It is restricted to the lowmarginal sand dunes immediately above high water of salt lakes. Associated genera include Melaleuca andLeucopogon.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Truslove Esp Esp ?NR 8.2.77 - -2* Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 20+ Good3 Gibson,N Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.11.92 20 Good4a Dempster Rd Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 1 000+ Good4b* Dempster Rd Esp Esp VCL 25.9.92 100+ Good5 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Unburnt

21.5.93 1 000+ Seedl. Post-fire6* Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Regenerates from seed after fire. Thousands of post-fire seedlings were observed in population 5, 28 months after theburn.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Although A. salina has a very restricted habitat, it is rarely cleared for agricultural purposes. Indirect effects fromclearing of land, such as increased salinity and waterlogging of salt lakes and watercourses, may have an adverse effecton this species. Monitoring of populations occurring in agricultural areas is recommended.

This species is secure in two Nature Reserves, and is probably common around the margins of the many salt lakes inunvested Crown Land north of Mt Ridley and westwards to Mt Heywood.

References

Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983), Trudgen and Keighery (1983).

231

Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald (G.J.Keighery 8376) EPACRIDACEAE

A low, multistemmed shrub, 5-25 cm tall. Leaves are erect, grey-green, lanceolate (8 x 1.2 mm), flat or slightlyincurved, with a very fine, sharp yellow point at the tip. The red flowers (10 mm) are solitary in leaf axils occurringmidway along the branches. The corolla tube is narrowly tapered towards the apex, white hairy at the throat and smoothbelow; calyx lobes (4 mm) are acute.

Flowering Period: May

Distribution and Habitat

Astroloma sp. Fitzgerald is distributed over 320 km, between the Fitzgerald River and Clyde Hill. It grows in white orred sandy clay, or stony sand in mallee heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,SSW Esp Esp - 3.5.83 - -2 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 12.4.65 - Vulnerable3 Mt Drummond,W Alb Rav NP 24.4.66 - -4 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 11.5.86 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunity. Two of the collections have been made after disturbance, being common nearThumb Peak after fire, and near Condingup, it "grows well after first ploughing".

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey is required.

References

Robinson and Coates (1995).

232

Astroloma sp. Grass Patch (A.J.G.Wilson 110) EPACRIDACEAE

A multistemmed, domed shrub, about 40 cm tall. Young branches are covered in long white hairs which disappear withage. Leaves are narrow-linear (10-15 x 1 mm), numerous, margins are curled backwards (revolute) and the apex has along sharp spine; the upper surface is green and sparsely covered in short hairs, while the lower surface is pale greenwith dense, short matted hairs. Flowers are borne in the axils of leaves, usually in near opposite pairs; the calyx is dullpinkish-red, erect (about 10 x 3 mm) and swollen towards the base, the outer surface is sparsely covered with short whitehairs, the inner surface lacks hairs; the corolla is dark red and covered with long silky hairs on the outside and beardedinside. The anthers are completely enclosed in the corolla tube.

Flowering Period: June

Distribution and Habitat

Astroloma sp. Grass Patch is known from near Coolbidge Creek to the east of Grass Patch, a range of about 30 km. Itgrows in grey-white fine sand over clay on the margins of salt lakes, associated with myrtaceous shrubs and halophytes.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Ridley Rd,N Esp Esp Private 20.9.88 30 Healthy1b Kents Rd,S Esp Esp Private }2 Kents Rd,S Esp Esp NR } 20.9.88 200+ Healthy3 Ridley Rd,S Esp Esp Private }4 Coolbidge Creek Esp Esp Private 22.6.90 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

On present knowledge, A. sp. Grass Patch appears to have both specific habitat requirements and a very restricted range.Annette Wilson (personal communication) made a comprehensive survey of salt lakes in the Scaddan-Grass Patchregion in 1988, and she states that "the sandy lake shores on which this species has been found are rare in the area and itis likely that the populations discovered represent much of the range".

Recent land clearing for agriculture may adversely affect the habitat of this species by increasing the salinity andoccurrence of waterlogging in the salt lakes where A. sp. Grass Patch grows. Although one population exists in a NatureReserve, it must be considered vulnerable.

The owners of the property to the south of Ridley Rd were going to fence population 3 in 1988-89. This has not beenconfirmed.

233

Banksia epica A.S.George PROTEACEAE

A much-branched and spreading bushy shrub to 3.5 m tall. Leaves are wedge-shaped (15-50 x 6-15 mm) being flattenedat the apex and narrowing to the base of the leaf; margins are shortly serrated. The upper surface of leaves are coveredwith short, matted, rust-coloured hairs when young, becoming scaly with age; the lower surface is woolly. Flower headsare cylindrical (9-17 x 6-6.5 cm). Flowers are pale yellow; the style cream, and the apex of the pollen presenter purple.Each head may have up to 50 follicles (13-20 x 6-9 mm) which are largely covered by old flowers for several years.The seed (22-24 mm) has a notched wing and the body is covered with scattered small ridges.

Banksia epica is closely related to B. praemorsa and B. media. B. media has longer leaves (110-120 mm) and a fruitingcone where the persistent old flower parts are straight and point downwards, whereas with B. epica they are curled andpoint upwards. B. praemorsa is restricted to the Albany region.

Pollinators of B. epica include the New Holland Honey Eater and the Yellow Rumped Thornbill.

Flowering Period: April - June

Distribution and Habitat

B. epica is known from only two localities on the western coast of the Great Australian Bight. It grows in deep whitesand, atop the coastal limestone cliffs or in secondary sand dunes, in heath. Associated species may include B. media, B.speciosa, Melaleuca uncinata, Calothamnus sp., Adenanthos sp. and Eucalyptus mallee.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Toolinna Cove Esp Dund NR 14.8.91 350 Healthy2 Point Culver,W Esp Dund NR 15.6.89 2 000+ Healthy

Response to Disturbance

George (1987) suggests that B. epica is probably killed by fire and regenerates from seed.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Both known populations are undisturbed and secure within the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Due to the remote location,and the probability that more populations may occur in the largely inaccessible area where B. epica grows, this species isunlikely to be at risk.

References

George (1987).

234

Bentleya diminuta Crisp & J.M.Taylor PITTOSPORACEAE

A small colony of rosettes of 6-20 leaves or short leafy stems, up to 5 cm tall and 3-4 cm broad, with horizontalrhizomes at a depth of 3-10 cm. The grey-green leaves are broader towards the apex (obovate, 5-20 x 2-7 mm), and arecovered in soft hairs when younger which largely disappear with age. Flowers are solitary, erect, tubular, greenish withlong stamens (15-27 mm) exserted beyond the petals (8-12 mm); the ovary (5-6 mm) is densely covered with long,spreading white hairs. The maturing flower bends towards the ground as the fruit develops.

Flowering Period: September

Fruiting Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Bentleya diminuta is known from one locality, extending from the north-west to the south-west of Mt Ragged. It growsin red-brown sand and red sandy clay with calcareous nodules over limestone. Associated vegetation is usually malleewhich may include Eucalyptus cooperiana, E. redunca, E. uncinata, E. tetragona and Melaleuca pentagona.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 2 000+ Post-fire

Response to Disturbance

In April 1993, B. diminuta was observed resprouting after a hot burn in February 1991. Rosettes were most abundantalong the verge of the track; those away from the track tended to be beneath or close to mallees.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

All known collections are from a limited area along roadsides within the Cape Arid National Park. Additionalpopulations may exist in the surrounding region, which has not been surveyed (Crisp and Taylor 1990). Further surveyis recommended.

References

Crisp and Taylor (1990).

235

Boronia coriacea Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE

A small shrub, about 50 cm tall. Young branches have faint glandular-warty projections and are covered in minute softhairs in two opposite sunken grooves, otherwise the plant is hairless. Leaves (10-50 mm) have 3 or 5 leaflets which arenarrow, broader towards the apex than the base (12 x 1-5 mm), flat, thick and have a slightly rounded apex. Pinkflowers are borne in clusters at the ends of branches on stalks (3 mm); the 4 petals (5 mm) overlap each other at thebase.

Boronia coriacea resembles B. inornata which can be distinguished by its linear-cylindrical leaflets and the youngestbranches which lack the two sunken grooves filled with short hairs.

Flowering Period: April, October - November

Distribution and Habitat

B. coriacea is known from only a restricted area of about 15 km along the scarp west of Israelite Bay. It grows inshallow calcareous soil ('marl') over limestone both in sand-heath and in mallee vegetation.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Gora Road Esp Esp NP 4.10.70 - -2a Sheoaks Hill,SE Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 500+ Good2b Sheoaks Hill,SE Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 10+ Good3 Tooklejenna Rock,N Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

B. coriacea is restricted geographically, although within its known range it is relatively common and secure.

All the known collections are from a limited area along tracks within the Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Additionalpopulations may exist along the escarpment, which has not been surveyed. Monitoring is required.

References

Wilson (1971).

236

Caesia viscida Keighery ANTHERICACEAE

A perennial herb to 30 cm tall and 30 cm wide, arising from a shortly-branched rhizome, with 6-20 flowering shootsproduced annually. The rhizome is covered by dense brown fibres. Roots are white and tuberous below the rhizome toabout 5 mm diameter, becoming slender at depth. Leaves are erect, without hairs and sticky; the blades (150-300 x 5-6mm) are channelled, with 6-8 prominent veins; the apex has a long, stiff sharp point. Flower heads are short (60-100mm) and spreading with a white axis and 3-6 branches (to 60 mm); the lowest bract, situated below the branches, is leaf-like and sticky. Flowers (4-6 mm) have 3 outer perianth segments that are brown-green on the outside and white inside,3 white inner perianth segments and the stamens in 2 whorls; staminal filaments are flattened, anthers are yellow; theovary is green (1 mm) and the style white. Capsular fruits are 3-lobed (4-5 mm) and green when mature. Seeds (1.5mm) are very shiny and black, with a large, fleshy appendage (aril) which is white with a black margin.

Flowering Period: November

Distribution and Habitat

Caesia viscida is known only from the site where it was originally collected in Cape Arid National Park. It grows inBanksia speciosa shrubland on low sand dunes.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Tagon Bay Rd Esp Esp NP 23.11.93 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A search in the general area of the known population failed to find any plants in April 1993. The vegetation and habitatwhere this species grows also occurs in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve and nearby Cape Le Grand National Park(Keighery 1990). Further survey is required.

References

Keighery (1990).

237

Calandrinia porifera Syeda PORTULACACEAE

A succulent herb with numerous flowering stems, 3-9 cm long arising from the basal tuft of leaves. Leaves are many atthe base in a tuft, as well as on the upper part of the flowering stems, obovate (1-3.5 x 1-1.3 mm), and opposite oralternate. Flowers are borne on stalks (3-5 mm) which have small, opposite bracts; sepals are broad-ovate (1.5-2 x 2-2.5mm) and thin; the 5 petals are narrow-elliptic (1-2 x 0.4-1 mm); the 5-7 stamens have their filaments united at the baseto form a ring around the ovary; the globular ovary is translucent and has 4 stigmata (0.3 mm) which are free to the base.The capsule opens by a single pore to release about 10 red-brown, glossy seeds (0.3 x 0.2 mm).

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

Calandrinia porifera is known only from a few widely distributed localities, between Boorabbin and Fitzgerald RiverNational Park, a distance of about 300 km. Inland, this species grows on skeletal soils of inner aprons of granite rocks,and towards the coast it grows along rivers.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cascades Rd Esp Esp Private & 10.10.68 - -?NR 9.9.93 Not found -

2 Cundeelee Mission Gold Bldr AR 1967 - -3 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 1988 - -4 Jilbadgi Mer Yil NR 1988 - -5 Fitzgerald River Alb ?Rav NP 1988 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The majority of sightings have been by K. Newbey (personal communication) who states ".. while the taxon is notcommon, I feel that I have probably seen enough plants in conservation areas to suggest that it should be 'safe'".Newbey also indicates that this taxon flowers prolifically, with a moderate to high seed set, suggesting that the soil seedbank should be adequate for long term survival.

In spring 1993, a survey for the population on the edge of the Nature Reserve (pop. no. 1), failed to locate this species.The population may have been cleared for agriculture. The three populations referred to by K. Newbey (personalcommunication) are not represented in the Western Australian Herbarium. Further survey is required.

References

Syeda (1980).

238

Calochilus sp. Hopetoun (H.Taylor s.n.) ORCHIDACEAEMallee Beard Orchid

An orchid with insignificant leaves that are reduced to a tiny bract. The dorsal and lateral sepals (to 5 mm) are bluntlypointed and pale green with dark red stripes. The petals and column are similarly coloured and contained within thesepals. The small flowers (5-15 mm) are cup-like, appear to self-pollinate, and rarely have more than one flower (of aspike of 10-12 flowers) open at a time.

This orchid has affinity to Calochilus campestris. In Western Australia, there are three species of Calochilusrecognised, all of which are undescribed. C. sp. Hopetoun is distinguished from C. aff. robertsonii by having a shorterlabellum and shorter labellum hairs.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

C. sp. Hopetoun is known from three widely separated localities, at Point Charles, Hopetoun and near Eyre, a range of650 km. It grows in calcareous sand in coastal scrub communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hopetoun Alb Rav VCL 26.10.92 30 Vulnerable2 Point Charles Alb Rav NP 22.10.92 5 -3 Eyre Esp Esp NR 10.93 3 Good

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

In 1992, the Fitzgerald River National Park Association received a grant from the Gordon Reid Foundation to search forthis orchid. They were unsuccessful in finding more populations, despite extensive surveys through the Park. Therecent discovery of a few plants both at Point Charles and near Eyre, suggests that this taxon may be more widespreadthan originally believed. There are unconfirmed reports of C. sp. Hopetoun occurring at Chillinup Rd (Albany District),near West Mt Barren, and north of Cape Le Grand. Further survey is required.

References

Esperance Express 11 Aug. 1992, Hoffman and Brown (1992), Robinson and Coates (1995).

239

Chthonocephalus multiceps J.H.Willis ASTERACEAE

A semi-prostrate, rosetted annual herb, about 7 cm tall. Basal leaves are broadest towards the tip (oblanceolate, 25 mm)and slightly hairy; uppermost leaves are obovate (3-5 mm), hairy, with long hairs at the tip. The compound flower headsare very numerous (to 40 per plant), globular and of varying sizes (5-12 mm diam.), congested and lack stalks. The 4-7inner involucral bracts are hairless, whereas the outer bract is covered in long hairs. The tubular florets (2-2.5 mm) have5 conspicuous lobes; uppermost florets have a hairy subtending scale and reduced pappus. The achene (0.5-0.8 mm) istriquetrous. The style (0.5-1 mm) is divided at the tip.

The genus Chthonocephalus was revised by Short (1990) who concluded that the taxon C. multiceps should be excludedfrom Chthonocephalus as it differs in features of the fruit and bracts from the rest of the genus. The taxon is moreclosely related to Calocephalus aervoides which occurs on the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, and Short (1990) considersboth taxa should probably be referred to a separate genus.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Chthonocephalus multiceps was first collected from the Balladonia homestead in 1947, and has only been collectedfrom one other locality about 65 km to the west, near Boingaring Rocks. It grows in granitic, loamy sand over granitebedrock, associated with ephemeral Helipterum species.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Balladonia Homestead Esp Dund Pastoral Lease 31.8.47 - -2 Boingaring Rocks,ESE Esp Dund NR 11.9.80 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Although C. multiceps appears to be rare, Willis (1952) reports, "it is only to be expected that it will prove to have awide distribution in the botanically little-known south-eastern part of Western Australia." The Boingaring Rockspopulation is in a very remote part of the Dundas Nature Reserve and is unlikely to be disturbed. Further taxonomicwork and survey are required.

References

Short (1990), Willis (1952).

240

Comesperma lanceolatum (R.Br.) Benth. POLYGALACEAE

A small, erect shrub (milkwort), less than 15 cm tall, with slender, hairless stems which may lie on the ground at thebase. Leaves are small, narrow-linear (4-6 mm), rather rigid, with pointed tips. Flowers are blue, pea-like with 2 wingsand a keel, and borne in short clusters (racemes) at the ends of the stems. Individual flowers have 5 oblong, thin sepals(4 mm). The fruit is an elliptical capsule (6 x >2 mm) that tapers rather more at the base than the tip. Seeds are oblong(3 mm) and have a tuft of long hair at the tip.

Flowering Period: November - December

Distribution and Habitat

Comesperma lanceolatum is widespread along the south coast, from near Beaufort Inlet to near Cape Le Grand, adistance of about 320 km. It grows in near-coastal sandplain in siliceous white sand or deep white sands over sandyclays, in mixed tall shrubland on quartzite ridges, on dunes, or on the plains near wet areas. It may be associated withBanksia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Woodup Swamp,NE Esp Esp Unvested Res. 30.12.89 28 -2 Woolbernup Alb Rav NP 21.11.85 Rare -3 Cape Riche,NW Alb ?Jer ?Unvested Res. 1.12.74 - -4 No. 2 Rabbit Proof Alb ?Jer - 30.11.60 - -

Fence

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Collections of this species were made last century by Robert Brown from the "South coast, east of King George'sSound" (Bentham 1863), and by Maxwell "on fairly wet plains near Warriup" (Mueller in Leigh et al. 1984).K. Newbey (personal communication) has recorded it from areas east of Cape Riche to at least Hopetoun, with a fewplants occurring in the Fitzgerald River National Park; at all localities it was rare. More recently, a population has beenfound south-east of Mt Merivale. Further survey is required, particularly in Cape Le Grand National Park.

References

Bentham (1863), Leigh et al. (1984), Robinson and Coates (1995).

241

Conospermum filifolium subsp. sigmoideum E.M.Benn. ms PROTEACEAE

The typical form of Conospermum filifolium is white, whereas subsp. sigmoideum ms has pale blue flowers.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

C. filifolium subsp. sigmoideum ms is known only from two areas over 200 km apart; one in Frank Hann National Parkand the other near North Tarin Rock. It grows in yellow sand in heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 17.9.93 50+ Good2 Frank Hann Esp Dund NP 17.9.93 20 Good3a Nth Tarin Rock Kat Dum NR 13.9.75 - -3b Kukerin,N Kat Dum - 16.10.83 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey is required.

242

Dampiera decurrens Rajput & Carolin GOODENIACEAE

A stiff, robust perennial to 1 m tall, with narrowly winged stems. Leaves are without stalks, ovate-elliptic with a broadbase (12-40 x 5-23 mm) and have a toothed margin. Clusters of flowers (cymes) have up to 3 branches together (60mm) each bearing to 12 flowers borne on stalks (3.5-5.2 mm). The sepals are almost obsolete. The deep blue corolla(to 12 mm) has fine grey hairs on the outside and broad wings (3.5-4 mm wide) on the lobes. The ovary is bilocular (4mm) and shiny.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Dampiera decurrens occurs on the south coast from Two Peoples Bay eastwards to the Cape Le Grand National Park. Itgrows on skeletal soils on granite outcrops near the coast.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10 Good2 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2+ Good3 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.66 - -4 Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 14.11.76 - -5* Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10+ Good6* Lucky Bay Rd Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 5+ Good7 Sandy Hook Is. Esp Esp - 10.11.50 - -8 Mt Gardner Alb Alb NR 1800s - -9 Cheyne Beach Alb Alb - 1800s - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. decurrens has a very restricted habitat and range in the Cape Le Grand National Park, with individual plants usuallybeing widely scattered. Current information indicates that this plant is rare, but should be secure in the National Park.

The populations occurring in the Albany District were collected by George Maxwell about 100 years ago, and have notbeen collected since. Further survey of granite outcrops along the south coast is required.

References

Rajput and Carolin (1988, 1992).

243

Dampiera orchardii Rajput & Carolin GOODENIACEAE

An herbaceous perennial with erect, ribbed stems which are covered in short, matted golden-yellowish hairs whenyoung, but become hairless with maturity; the nodes have a tuft of whitish hairs. Leaves are oblong-elliptic (0.5-1.5 x0.6 mm) and have a wide base without stalks. Flowers are solitary or in clusters (cymes). Short, golden-yellow hairscover the flower stalks (1 mm), the bracteoles (usually 2) and the sepals (0.2-0.5 x 0.3 mm). The corolla lobes (about 4mm) and ovary have short yellowish hairs on the outside; the style and indusium are hairless. Fruits (4-5 mm) are hairy.

Dampiera orchardii is possibly closely related to D. tenuicaulis which is a small, slender-stemmed shrub with brightblue flowers (the corolla being about 10 mm long) which are covered on the outside with dense, dark, stellate hairs.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

D. orchardii is known to occur south of Newdegate and north-west of Cascade on a fault line near the upper reaches ofthe Young River, growing with Glishrocaryon, Dodonaea and sedges. This taxon has also been collected between"Lake King and Ravensthorpe" and "towards Tone River".

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Young River Esp Esp - 21.10.68 - -2 Newdegate,S Kat LG - 4.11.65 - -3 Lake King-Ravensthorpe - - - 7.11.63 - -4 Towards Tone River - - - 1880 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Extensive land clearing for agriculture has been carried out through the general area described by A. Orchard (personalcommunication) where this species is thought to occur and since the specimen was collected near the Young River in1968. Further survey is urgently required.

D. orchardii is not known to occur in any conservation reserve.

References

Rajput and Carolin (1988).

244

Darwinia luehmannii F.Muell. & Tate MYRTACEAE

A low spreading, domed shrub, 15-25 cm tall and 0.25-1 m wide. Leaves are crowded on the stem, dull grey-green,slightly succulent and triangular (2-7 x 1 mm). Heads of 12-15 flowers are borne at the ends of branches; the lower partof the calyx tube has square markings (tessellated), while the upper part has minute, pimple-like protuberances; calyx-lobes are less than half the length of the yellow-green petals; styles are also yellow-green and extend about 6 mm beyondthe petals.

Flowering Period: May, August - November

Distribution and Habitat

Darwinia luehmannii occurs to the north-west and north-east of Mt Heywood. It grows in white or yellow sand ororange-brown sandy loam around the margins of salt lakes or in depressions, in open woodland or in Melaleuca shrubcommunities, associated with M. fissurata or M. uncinata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Sheoak Hill,ESE Esp Esp VCL 29.9.83 - -2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 Good2b Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Good2c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 2 000+ Good2d* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1 000+ Good3 Mt Heywood Esp Esp VCL 1.9.84 - -4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 500+ Good

21.5.93 1 000s Seedl. Post-fire5a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Good5b* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Good5c* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 50+ Good5d* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Thousands of seedlings were observed at population 4 two years after a wildfire in January 1991.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. luehmannii is common around salt lakes and in low depressions in Crown Land to the north of Mt Heywood.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1980).

245

Darwinia sp. Peak Charles (A.S.George 10627) MYRTACEAE

A shrub, 1.7 m tall. Petals white turning red.

Flowering Period: April

Distribution and Habitat

This Darwinia species is known only from Peak Charles, where it grows in granitic loam.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 10.4.71 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Peak Charles and the surrounding area was burnt by a hot fire in January 1991. The species was not relocated during asurvey of the area in September 1993. Further survey is required.

246

Daviesia campephylla Crisp PAPILIONACEAE

A low, spreading, often domed shrub, 0.15-0.35 m tall and 0.3-1.0 m wide, which often reproduces by suckers.Phyllodes ('leaves') are spirally arranged, cylindrical or slightly flattened (6-12 x 1-2 mm); the upper edge is usuallyslightly dilated just below the apex giving an allusion of a green caterpillar rearing from the branches, the apex has asharp spine on the side pointing outwards. Clusters (racemes) of 1-5 flowers are borne on short stalks (1-3 mm) in theupper axils. The calyx (3-4 mm) has the 2 upper lobes united in a truncate lip, the lower 3 lobes are broadly triangular(1 mm). The yellow corolla has a large upright petal (standard, 5-7 x 7 mm) and incurved wings; stamens are arrangedin 2 whorls of 5 each. Pods are triangular (6-7 x 3.5 mm) and slightly inflated.

Flowering Period: November

Distribution and Habitat

Daviesia campephylla is known only from an area of about 15 km, to the north of Cascade. It grows in yellow sandyclay loam with some lateritic gravel, in open shrub mallee and dwarf scrub vegetation. Associated species includeEucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. forrestiana, Melaleuca uncinata, M. pentagona and M. subtrigona.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Griffiths Rd & Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 2 000+ Good1b Edwards Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 5 000+ Good2 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 1 000+ Good3a* Rollond Rd Esp Esp NR } 12.9.92 500+ Good3b* Rolland Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. }

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Current information indicates that D. campephylla has a very restricted geographical range, although it is commonwithin that area. It occurs in two Nature Reserves and should remain secure.

Studies to determine the reproduction biology and the response of D. campephylla to fire should be undertaken, so thatappropriate management can be carried out in the Nature Reserves.

References

Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983).

247

Daviesia pauciflora Crisp PAPILIONACEAE

A slender, diffuse, rush-like shrub, 30-80 cm tall. The erect branchlets are initially compressed then become cylindricaland ribbed. The dull green phyllodes ('leaves') are spirally arranged, long and very narrow (50-400 x 1 mm), resemblethe branchlets, have 3 prominent ribs and a sharp, spiny tip. Flowers are small, yellow streaked red and usually borne in1-4 pairs on stalks (both peduncle and pedicel 2-3 mm long) in the axils of leaves. The calyx (4-5 mm) is somewhatflared at the top and the lobes are very short; ribs are lacking. The corolla has a broadly elliptic upright petal (standard,8 x 10 mm) which is mostly yellow with red towards the centre and an intense yellow oblong marking at the centre; thewings are twisted so the apices form a 'V' which is open on the lower side, very dark red with yellow tips; the keel (5 x 2mm) is dark red. The free stamens are arranged in 2 whorls. The shiny ovary has 2 ovules. Pods are roughly triangular-shaped (11-14 x 6 mm). Seed is pale yellow mottled black.

Flowering Period: October - November, ?January

Distribution and Habitat

Daviesia pauciflora occurs between Munglinup and Gibson and extends northwards to near Cascade, with a range ofabout 70 km. It grows in deep white sand or sand over laterite in shrub mallee and heath communities. Associatedgenera may include Melaleuca, Lambertia, Adenanthos, Allocasuarina and Banksia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cascades Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 - -2 Munglinup,E Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 8.1.79 - -3 Barker Inlet,NNE Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 8.1.79 Frequent -4 Dalyup Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 24.11.64 - -5 Cascades Rd Esp Esp NR 9.10.84 - -6 Gibson,NW Esp Esp - 8.12.68 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown, but is probably a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

D. pauciflora is poorly known and possibly rare, although the habitat where it grows is relatively common to the west ofEsperance. Populations occurring along the South Coast Highway (pop. nos. 2, 3 and 4) are extremely vulnerable. In1993, surveys for population 3 along the South Coast Highway failed to relocate this species; the MRWA road reservesin the vicinity are very degraded and choked with weeds, particularly exotic grasses. Surveys in the Cascades areaduring spring 1992 failed to locate any populations of this taxon.

248

Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)

The occurrence of D. pauciflora in Nature Reserve No. 31745, should afford this species some security, however thesize of the population is unknown. This species has not been collected for ten years; further survey is urgently required.

References

Crisp (1991).

249

Dillwynia acerosa S.Moore PAPILIONACEAE

An erect shrub to 40 cm tall. Leaves are rigid, linear (3-4 x 0.5 mm), grooved and have an obtuse tip; the margins curvebackwards towards the midrib (revolute). Solitary flowers are borne on stalks (1-2 mm) in axils of the uppermost leaves(short corymb); the bracteoles are minute (1 mm). The calyx tube (5 mm) is shortly-hairy with acute, short lobes; the 2upper lobes are united to about the middle. The corolla has a large upright petal (6 mm diameter) which is orange withpurple streaks; the wings and keel are equal in length (7 mm); the keel is purple with tips that are rounded and slightlyindented.

Flowering Period: August

Distribution and Habitat

This name has been misapplied to specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium. No specimens of this taxon arecurrently known in Perth.

The type was collected "[near] Coolgardie" last century (Moore 1898). Currently, the name Dillwynia acerosa has beenapplied to a taxon which is known only to occur in South Australia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Taxonomic work is urgently required on the genus Dillwynia (R. Cranfield, personal communication). Examination ofthe type specimen of D. acerosa is needed before further field survey is carried out on this species.

References

Moore (1898).

250

Elachanthus pusillus F.Muell. ASTERACEAE

A small, multi-branched annual herb, 1-6 cm tall, which is covered with minute hairs. Leaves are alternate, narrow-linear (about 10 mm). Flower heads are distinct, have greenish to pale yellow tubular florets only and occur at the endsof branches. The green, involucral bracts are obovate (4-5 mm), often with long hairs (cilia) on the rounded apex, arearranged in 2 rows, and enclose about two-thirds of the flower head. Pappus scales are numerous (12-15), short, flat,lanceolate and minutely toothed like a saw. Fertile achenes are silky-hairy at the base.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Elachanthus pusillus is known from only three localities, 500 km apart, from east of Salmon Gums to near Cocklebiddy.A collection was made 100 years ago from Kalgoorlie. Near Cocklebiddy, this species grows in red loam overlimestone on saline flats, in an Atriplex and Halosarcia shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Orchid Rocks Esp Esp VCL 10.83 - -2 Cocklebiddy,E Esp Dund NR 1.10.81 1 000+ -3 Kalgoorlie Gold ?Kal - 8.1898 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The population east of Cocklebiddy should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.

The distance between the two most recent collections suggest that there may be other populations between them.Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b), Grieve and Blackall (1982).

251

Eremophila lactea Chinnock MYOPORACEAE

An erect, compact or spindly shrub, 1-3.5 m tall, often weeping when old. Branches are ribbed towards the apex andprominently white-blotched in the upper parts, the blotches consisting of a dried exudate. Leaves are without stalks,alternate, elliptic (10-31 x 2-6 mm), overlapping and normally obscuring the branch, somewhat shiny, and sticky whenyoung. Lilac flowers are borne on flattened stalks (2-3 mm) with 3 or 4 per axil; sepals are oblong-shaped (3-6 x 1 mm).The 2-lipped corolla (8-13 mm) is very pale lilac and densely glandular-hairy outside, while inside the tube is deeperlilac, purple spotted and beset with long soft hairs; the 4 stamens lack hairs; the ovary is densely hairy except for theswollen base which is hairless. The fruit is elongated egg-shaped (3-3.5 x 1.5-2 mm) and covered with long, silky hairs.

Flowering Period: November - March

Distribution and Habitat

Eremophila lactea is known from an area covering approximately 15 km, which is located about 40 km west of GrassPatch. It grows on disturbed roadside areas on light grey-brown sandy loam in very open shrub mallee. Associatedspecies include Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. longicornis, E. flocktoniae, Melaleuca depressa and Eremophilachamaephila.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2‡

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 350 Vulnerable1b Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 7 Fair1c Grass Patch W Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 200 Vulnerable1d Grass Patch W Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.9.93 20 Fair2 Williams Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - Low numbers -

20.9.93 Not found -3 Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. - 200 -

20.9.93 Not found -

Response to Disturbance

A relatively short-lived, opportunistic species which is most abundant after disturbance.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Much of the area where E. lactea is distributed has been cleared for agriculture; subsequently most of the knownpopulations occur on road verges. R. Chinnock (personal communication) states that E. lactea has vanished from somesites where it was previously known. Monitoring of known populations is critical.

Summary and Recommendations (cont’d)

‡ 1999 status: Declared Rare Flora

252

This species is in cultivation in South Australia (R. Chinnock, personal communication).

Research to determine the reproductive biology of E. lactea is urgently required. Maintenance clearing of road vergesbefore plants set seed could endanger the long-term survival of E. lactea. Road markers are recommended. Furthersurvey is urgently required.

References

Chinnock (1985).

253

Eriostemon apiculatus Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE

A shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall, which is without hairs or only finely-hairy. Leaves are green, narrow, club-shaped (4-8 mm),warty-glandular with a conspicuous black, shortly pointed tip. Creamy white flowers (1-4) are borne in a cluster,surrounded by foliage leaves, at the ends of branches. Flower stalks are thick (0.5-1.5 mm long). Sepals are narrow(1.5-2 mm long), fleshy and have a black tip; petals are narrow-oblong (6 mm) with short hairs on the inside andtowards the margin outside. Stamens (3-4 mm) are hairy, whereas the style lacks hairs; the ovary has a sparsely hairyapex.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Eriostemon apiculatus occurs in the Norseman-Widgiemooltha area, distributed over about 100 km. It is apparentlyconfined to outcrops of ultrabasic rocks, growing in red-brown loam as an undershrub in open woodland, associatedwith Eucalyptus flocktoniae, E. torquata, E. stricklandii or E. salubris.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Norseman Esp Dund - 17.9.65 - -2 Red,White,Blue Esp Dund - 19.11.92 15+ Good3 Brockway Timber Esp Dund Reserve 19.11.92 1 000+ Good4* Coach Rd Heritage Esp Dund ?VCL 19.11.92 1 Average5 Peninsula Esp Dund - 30.8.67 - -6 Widgie No. 3 Gold Cool - 1.10.90 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The Eriostemon apiculatus habitat appears to coincide with mining tenements, although at least one of the mines is notworking at present, i.e. the 'Peninsula'. Further survey is required.

References

Wilson (1970).

254

Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis Brooker ms MYRTACEAE

A small to medium-sized tree, to 15 m tall, with a hard black stocking (2-3 m) at the base and smooth grey bark above.

This undescribed taxon is closely related to Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. fraseri which has smooth bark. Adult leaves arelanceolate, alternate, glossy, green to dark green and the same colour on both sides; veins are dense with very irregular,intersectional oil glands. Unbranched clusters of 7 flowers are borne on angular stalks. Buds are with or without short,stout stalks, egg-shaped; bud caps are conical and usually ribbed; stamens in the bud are first erect then strongly turneddownwards. Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped, lack stalks, have a thick rim and a descending disc. Seed islustrous, red-brown and flattish with a shallow network of veins.

Flowering Period: ?March - April

Distribution and Habitat

E. fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms is known only in the Fraser Range area, where it grows on red calcareous loam.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fraser Range Esp Dund Pastoral Lease, 20.11.93 3 000+ HealthyMRWA Rd Res.& ?VCL

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. fraseri subsp. melanobasis ms appears to be geographically restricted, although locally abundant in the Fraser Range.It is not known in any conservation reserve. Liaison with the lessees of Fraser Range Station is required, to determinethe range of this taxon. Management of pastoral activities may be necessary to ensure establishment of young cohorts oftrees.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990).

255

Eucalyptus litorea Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE

A mallee to 6 m tall, with rough, hard bark with shallow, longitudinal furrows at the base, and smooth grey over creambark above. Juvenile leaves are blue-green. Adult leaves are alternating, lanceolate (to 120 x 35 mm) tapering to a longnarrow point, and slightly glossy, green; veins are dense with scattered, irregular intersectional oil glands, or sometimesapparently glandless. Clusters of 7 flowers are borne on stout, flattened stalks (peduncles, 10-15 mm); buds are broadlystalked (pedicellate), elongate egg-shaped (9-11 x 5-6 mm), and sometimes ribbed; bud caps are contracted to form abeak. Flowers are creamy-white. The fruit is cup-shaped to cylindrical (8-10 x 7-9 mm), sometimes ribbed, has a thickrim and a descending disc, and 3 or 4 valves. Seed is brown, shallowly pyramidal with the under side ribbed.

This species is related to Eucalyptus rigens, which has 3-flowered inflorescences, and E. famelica which has smoothbark only. Neither of these species occur in the Israelite Bay area.

Flowering Period: April - May

Distribution and Habitat

E. litorea is known from near Israelite Bay and north-west of Mt Baring, a distribution of 65 km. It grows in yellowishsand around salt lakes, on the lee side of coastal dunes, and in shallow sandy loam over granite.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 6.9.84 - -2 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good3* Point Malcolm Rd Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 500+ Good4 Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 11.10.83 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. litorea appears to be common near Israelite Bay, although a portion of this population occurs in the camping area andis therefore very vulnerable to fire and clearing for fuelwood. There appears to be two age structures of this population,indicating that a fire may have burnt the sector between the fisherman's buildings and the camping area some years ago.The population on the north side of Daringdella Lake was not relocated during a survey in April 1992; parts of this areawere burnt in October 1991. Monitoring of the known populations and further survey along the south side ofDaringdella Lake towards Point Malcolm is required.

References

Brooker and Hopper (1989), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Newbey (1983).

256

Eucalyptus misella L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAE

A low, rounded dense mallee, to 3 m tall, with smooth or matt bark of variable colour. Foliage is dense and extends tothe ground. Adult leaves are alternating, lanceolate (60-100 x 7-10 mm), held erect, at first dull, blue-green maturingglossy green; veins are dense with very numerous intersectional oil glands. Clusters of 7 flowers are unbranched andborne on rounded or angular stalks (peduncles, 2-8 mm). Buds have short stalks (pedicels) and are egg-shaped (5-7 x 3-5 mm); bud caps are bluntly conical and narrower than the calyx tube at the join; stamens in the buds are first erect thenbend strongly downwards. Flowers are white. Fruits are hemispherical to conical in shape (4-5 x 6-7 mm) with a thickrim and a ring-like disc raised free of the 3 enclosed valves. Seed is red-brown and smooth with longitudinal grooves.

Eucalyptus misella is similar to E. angustissima but differs in its wider leaves, longer peduncles and enclosed valves.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

E. misella has a scattered distribution from west of Grass Patch to east of Scaddan, a geographic range of about 80 km.It grows on sandy clays and loams, often near salt lakes or on alluvial flats near saline creeks, and in flat, sandplainheath country associated with E. tetragona.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 <10 Vulnerable1b Scaddan Rd Esp Esp - 17.1.85 - -1c Scaddan Rd Esp Esp - 14.9.84 - -2 Gibson,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 7.11.86 Frequent -3 Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 13.9.92 20+ Good4 Griffiths Rd Esp Esp ?Private 7.11.86 - -

24.9.92 Not found -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The majority of known populations are on road reserves in areas where land has been cleared for agriculture.

Surveys along Scaddan Rd failed to relocate two sub-populations (nos. 1b and 1c) (the species was originally confusedwith E. rigens, also a low, rounded mallee occurring around salt lakes), the third (pop. no. 1a) is on a degraded roadreserve which is weed invaded, providing little chance for growth of seedlings. This sub-population is vulnerable in thelong term. Road markers are required.

257

A survey for the Griffiths Rd population (no. 4) failed to relocate this species. The road reserve is extremely degradedwith few native plants remaining; the private property abutting the road is largely cleared and the vegetation remainingaround the salt lakes is grazed. Consequently, this population may have disappeared.

Further survey is urgently required. E. misella is not known to occur in any conservation reserve.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hill and Johnson (1992).

258

Eucalyptus pterocarpa C.A.Gardner ex Lang MYRTACEAE

A small tree, 10-14 m tall, with smooth, grey over salmon to copper-coloured bark. Adult leaves are alternate,lanceolate (85-170 x 12-30 mm), dull blue-green at first maturing glossy, bright green; the veins are very dense andthick. Clusters of 3 flowers are unbranched and borne on angular to flattened stalks (peduncles, 7-15 mm). Buds (17-21x 10-15 mm) are stalked (pedicellate) and strongly ribbed all over; stamens in the bud are first erect then stronglydownturned. Bud caps are conical to slightly beaked. Flowers are white. Fruits are conical (13-18 x 14-17 mm),strongly ribbed with a thick rim, descending disc and 4 valves at rim level. The seed is ruby-red to red-brown and shiny.

The strongly ribbed buds and fruits which are a distinguishing feature of Eucalyptus pterocarpa are similar to those ofE. lesouefii and E. corrugata. However, the latter two species have rough bark at the base; E. lesouefii has up to 9-flowered clusters and E. corrugata has flattened bud caps and grey seed.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

E. pterocarpa is distributed over about 90 km to the west and north-west of Norseman. It grows in red-brown loam inopen low woodland with E. salmonophloia, E. dundasii, E. calycogona and E. flocktoniae and undershrubs of Acaciamerrallii.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Theatre Rocks,W Esp Dund VCL 20.11.92 50+ Good2 Bronzite Ridge Esp Dund VCL 13.7.89 - -3 McDermid Rock,ESE Esp Dund VCL 13.1.81 - -4 Norseman,NW Esp Dund - 20.8.63 - -5 Norseman,W Esp Dund VCL 20.7.63 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. pterocarpa occurs in a poorly surveyed area of Vacant Crown Land which is largely inaccessible. A timber reservenorth-west of Norseman, that would include E. pterocarpa and E. brockwayi, has been proposed (Henry-Hall 1990).Further action on this proposal and further survey is required.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Henry-Hall (1990).

259

Eucalyptus spreta L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill ms MYRTACEAE

A tree or mallee to 10 m tall, with erect branches from low on the trunk. Bark is smooth and coloured white, grey,salmon or bronze. The adult leaves are shaped like the blade of a scythe (falcate, up to 110 x 10-13 mm), semi-glossy,narrow, bright darkish green and held erect. The axillary inflorescences are up to 7-flowered; stamens are at first erectthen bend downwards in the bud (13 x 4-6 mm) and a scar is left when the bud cap falls. Fruits are cup-shaped.

Eucalyptus spreta ms is related to E. pileata and E. polita but can be distinguished from them by its strongly beaked budcap and from the latter by having larger buds.

Flowering Period: ?October - November

Distribution and Habitat

E. spreta ms has a scattered distribution from near Balladonia to south of Peak Eleanora, a range of about 250 km. Itgrows in a variety of habitats including almost flat plain, margins of salt lakes, or amongst granite rocks in calcareousred-brown loam, clay loam, sand or white sandy loam. It occurs in low open woodland either as a pure stand or with E.diptera, E. eremophila, E. calycogona, E. cylindriflora or E. flocktoniae.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 4.11.86 Abundant -& ?VCL

2 Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 10.7.85 - -& ?VCL

3 Newman Rock,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 22.8.79 Pure stand -& ?VCL

4 Newman Rock,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 10.2.85 - -& ?VCL

5 Fraser Range,W Esp Dund - 12.3.67 Common -6 Fraser Range,E Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 2.2.79 Common -

& ?Pastoral Lease7 Norseman,E Esp Dund NR 22.8.79 Abundant -

Heartbreak Ridge Esp Dund NR 14.11.83 Frequent -8 Little Jam Hill Esp Dund NR 24.9.80 Frequent -9 Balladonia,S Esp Dund VCL 20.10.83 Occasional -10 Coragina Rock,N Esp Dund VCL 20.0.83 Abundant -11 Coragina Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 25.10.78 - -12 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 17.9.70 - -13 Norseman,S Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Abundant -

& ?Pastoral Lease14a Kumarl,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 7.4.85 - -14b Salmon Gums,NNW Esp Esp - 13.3.67 - -15 Dowak Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -16 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 13.3.67 - -17 Truslove Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 22.10.83 1 -18 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 8.11.86 - -19 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 7.11.86 Abundant -

260

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. spreta ms is widespread through the area between Salmon Gums and Balladonia, with populations occurring in theDundas Nature Reserve (Johnson, unpublished data).

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990).

261

Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp PAPILIONACEAE[ex. Oxylobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Benth.]Slender Poison

A trailing rather than erect shrub with weak slender stems. The conspicuous, fine stipules (appendages at the base of theleaf stalk) are longer than the leaf stalks. Leaves are opposite, narrow-oblong (15-30 x 2-4 mm), with slightly inrolledmargins underneath, and a fine spine at the tip; the upper surface is dark green, hairless and has a conspicuous networkof veins, while underneath is paler with spreading hairs especially along the midrib. Hairs are absent on the olderfoliage. Flowers are yellow suffused with purple-red and borne in short, elongate clusters (racemes) at the ends ofbranches; the acute bracts persist until the flower opens. Seed pods are elliptical (about 5 x 4 mm) with a fine, longspine at the tip; 6-8 seeds are borne per pod.

Gastrolobium heterophyllum has similar leaves and flowers to the widely distributed Box Poison, G. parviflorum. Thelatter species is always erect, has longer racemes with more flowers, more robust stems and less conspicuous stipulesthan G. heterophyllum.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

G. heterophyllum is distributed between the Fitzgerald River and Esperance, a range of about 200 km. It grows ingravelly soils near rivers and in red clayey soils on flats. Associated species may include Eucalyptus preissiana orMelaleuca uncinata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Young River Mouth Esp Esp NP - - -2 Yerritup Creek Esp Esp ?Private 25.9.68 - -3 Gibson area Esp Esp - 9.61 - -4 Esperance Esp Esp - 5.9.69 - -5 Munglinup Esp Rav - 22.10.79 - -6 ?Middle Rd Esp Rav - 19.9.87 - -7* Young River,W Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 50 Post-fire8 Phillips River Alb Rav ?NP 26.9.41 - -9 West River Alb Rav NP 24.10.86 1 -10 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 22.9.79 Occasional -11 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav ?Rd Res. 19.9.87 Scattered -12 Telegraph Track Alb Rav NP 9.70 - -13 Steere River Alb Rav - 23.10.61 - -14 Cheritons Rind,SE Mer Yil ?VCL 23.9.89 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Probably a disturbance opportunist.

262

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

G. heterophyllum is widespread, but never common. It may be an opportunistic species that is most often seen afterdisturbance. In September 1993, a new population was found near the Young River in an area which had been burnt inMarch 1990; plants were flowering.

A three-day survey by Sampson (in Sampson and Hopper 1990), looking specifically for endangered Gastrolobiumspecies in the eastern south coast region, failed to locate any populations of this species. Previous surveys may havefailed to find this taxon as herbarium specimens suggest that G. heterophyllum should look like a slender form ofG. parviflorum; in fact, it is more reminiscent of Chorizema.

G. heterophyllum apparently occurs in both the Stokes and Fitzgerald River National Parks, although it has not beensighted recently. Further opportunistic survey is recommended.

References

Robinson and Coates (1995), Sampson and Hopper (1990).

263

Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A.Gardner) Crisp PAPILIONACEAE[ex. Oxylobium rigidum C.A.Gardner]Rigid-leaf Poison

A low, spreading shrub, usually about 30 cm tall, but one form grows to 90 cm. Stems arise from a woody rootstock andare repeatedly forked. Leaves are opposite, oblong-elliptical (10-30 x 10-15 mm), rigid, blue-green, have short stalksand a prominent yellow midrib. Flowers are yellow suffused purple-red and borne in small, elongate clusters at the endsof branches. The pods are silky-hairy.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

The typical form of Gastrolobium rigidum is distributed over about 100 km, from Lake Varley to near Mt Short. Itgrows in sandy clay, gravel and loam in low heath communities with scattered mallees of Eucalyptus phaenophylla.

Aplin (1973) indicates that a larger form occurs in the mallee country around Tarin Rock.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 9.11.64 - -1b Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 Frequent Good2 VPF Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 1 000+ Good3 Jackson Kat LG NR 22.9.89 20-50 -4 Mt Gibbs Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 50 Good5 Mt Gibbs,SSW Kat LG VCL 28.10.92 1 500+ Good6 Lake Varley Nar Kulin - 10.10.49 - -

8.69 - -7 Mt Short,NW Alb Rav MRWA Rd Res. 26.10.92 20+ Good8 Hayes Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.11.89 500+ -

& Private9a Mt Madden Kat LG NR 20.10.61 - -9b* Mt Madden,NNW Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 2+ Good10a* Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 28.10.92 20+ Good10b* Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 1 Disturbed10c Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 40+ Disturbed11* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 100+ Good

& VCL12a* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 2 000+ Good

& VCL12b* Fence Rd Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 100+ Good13 Tarin Rock Kat Dum MRWA & 8.10.89 10-20 -

Shire Rd Res.14* Jackson Rock Esp Rav VCL 26.10.92 20+ Good

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

264

May be a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

G. rigidum is very common along disturbed road and track verges on the east and west side of the Vermin Proof Fence,from Mt Gibbs southwards to the Lake King-Norseman Road, including the Frank Hann National Park. It is secure inthis National Park, and is not immediately threatened in the Crown Land to the north of the Park.

The deletion of G. rigidum from the Priority Flora List is recommended, although some monitoring may be required ofthe larger form that grows near Tarin Rock.

References

Aplin (1973), Sampson and Hopper (1990).

265

Goodenia quadrilocularis R.Br. GOODENIACEAE

An erect herb, 0.5-1.5 m tall, with few branches. Leaves are lanceolate to obovate (50-70 x 10-15 mm), shiny, brightgreen and have toothed margins. Yellow flowers are in elongate clusters (racemes) at the ends of branches, and borneon stalks in the axils of bracts. The base of the calyx has small, linear bracteoles. The corolla is sparsely hairy; the 2upper corolla lobes are separated much lower than the 3 lower ones. Fruits are narrow, elongate (about 2 cm long) andhave 4 locules.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Goodenia quadrilocularis is known only from near-coastal granite rocks in the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand NationalParks, which are nearly 100 km apart. It grows in skeletal soils in rock crevices, often exposed to salt-laden winds.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 4+ Good2 Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 11.9.71 - -3 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.66 - -4* Lucky Bay,SW Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good5* Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good6 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 23.10.60 - -7 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

On Mt Arid, this species had flowered and set seed two years after being burnt (January 1991). The abundance ofG. quadrilocularis post-fire suggests that it may be a coloniser of disturbed sites, becoming less common as plantcommunities mature.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

G. quadrilocularis has a very restricted habitat and narrow geographical range.

At present, this species is secure within the two National Parks. Further survey is recommended between Cape LeGrand and Cape Arid.

References

Grieve and Blackall (1982).

266

Goodenia trichophylla (de Vriese) Benth. GOODENIACEAE

An erect, open herb, 15-60 cm tall. Basal leaves are crowded, narrow-linear to narrow-lanceolate (4-10 cm) and haveentire margins; the stem leaves are scattered and shorter. Flowers are usually single, blue with a yellow or white throatand borne on long stalks in the axils of leaves; the flower stalks have a pair of small bracteoles about halfway. Thecorolla is variable in size (5-12 mm), the 2 upper lobes are separated much lower than the 3 lower ones. Calyx lobes areacute, without hairs or sparsely covered with short glandular hairs and are half the length of the ovary.

Flowering Period: August - January

Distribution and Habitat

Goodenia trichophylla has a widely scattered distribution, extending from near Kalbarri on the west coast to Albany onthe south coast, and east to near Cascade. It grows in sand, clayey sand or sandy loam often with lateritic gravel in lowshrubland or heath communities. Associated genera may include Callitris, Verticordia, Hakea and Malleostemon.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 9.84 - -13.9.92 Not found -20.9.93 - -

2 Coujinup Hill,ENE Esp Rav VCL 11.12.83 - -3 Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res 22.11.86 - -4 Lake Grace,W Kat LG - 10.62 - -5 Quaranup Alb Alb - 28.11.78 - -6 Meenaar Mdg Nor NR 12.11.86 Occasional -7 Eneabba,SE Moora ?Crw - 23.12.80 - -8a Kalbarri Ger Nthn NP 8.79 Occasional -8b Kalbarri,E Ger Nthn ?NP 30.9.79 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

G. trichophylla appears to be widespread but locally rare. It occurs in two conservation reserves along the west coast ofthe State. Further survey is required.

References

Burgman (1985b), Grieve and Blackall (1982).

267

Grevillea superba P.Olde & N.Marriott PROTEACEAE[ex. Grevillea sp. Scaddan (P.Olde 91/332)]

A robust shrub, 2-3 m tall, without a lignotuber and with emergent floral branches up to 1 m above the shrub.Branchlets are hairy. Leaves (20-70 mm) are almost pinnate with 9-17 primary leaf lobes (5-20 x 1-2 mm) that arelinear and smooth; the lower lobes are usually again divided. Clusters of flowers are at the ends of branches and usually5-10 branched. Flowers are borne on hairy stalks (7-10 mm); the calyx tube (7-10 x 2-4 mm) is whitish over olive greenageing pink, strongly rolled backwards at the tip, densely glandular-hairy on the outside and covered with hairs overmost of the inside except for the tip; the style is cream or pink and red at the end, gently curved and dilated at the tip; thepollen presenter is lateral and flat to convex. Fruits are subglobular (17 x 15 mm) and rough with 2 prominent swellingstowards the end and a persistent, fragile style.

Grevillea superba is closely related to G. plurijuga which has trigonous leaf lobes that are undivided at the base, and itsflowers are usually within the shrub.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

G. superba is distributed between Scaddan and Mt Ney, a range of 70 km. It grows in white sand over pale-brown,calcareous loam in Eucalyptus shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Grass Patch Rd Esp Esp - 13.10.91 - -2 Grass Patch,N Esp Esp - 3.10.85 - -3 Mt Burdett Rd Esp Esp - 13.11.86 - -4 Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 15.10.70 - -5 Kau Rock Rd Esp Esp - 20.9.85 - -6 Scaddan,N Esp Esp - 2.12.69 - -7 Norwood Rd Esp Esp - - - -8 Truslove NR Esp Esp - - - -

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a short-lived perennial that regenerates from seed after fire (Olde and Marriott 1993).

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Olde and Marriott (1993) indicate that 30 specimens were examined for their species description, which suggests thatG. superba is relatively common. They indicated, however, that many of the plants in the road reserves around Scaddanappeared to be dying when surveyed in 1992. Research to determine the reproductive biology of G. superba andmonitoring of known populations is required.

References

Olde and Marriott (1993).

268

Haegiela tatei (F.Muell.) P.S.Short & Paul G.Wilson ASTERACEAE

An inconspicuous annual herb, 2-8 cm tall, with stems and leaves covered in cobwebby, filamentous hairs that becomeflattened at the base. Leaves are continuous with the branch, lanceolate or linear (3-7 x 0.5-1 mm), hairless orcobwebby, the lower ones are opposite and joined together at the base. The flower heads (2-3 mm diameter) arevirtually without stalks and solitary in the axils. The involucral bracts (15-20) are arranged in 3 rows with all bractsprominently incurved and having ciliate margins. The florets just exceed the involucre; the outer florets (22-49) arefemale and threadlike; the inner bisexual florets (7-11) have a cylindrical corolla (1.5 mm) that has 4 very short lobes.Pappus are absent.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Haegiela tatei is widely dispersed in Western Australia, South Australia and western Victoria, south of latitude 31°S. Itis apparently restricted to saline habitats.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ney,N Esp Esp VCL 26.8.84 - -2 Truslove Esp Esp NR 8.11.79 - -3a Peak Eleanora,S Esp Esp NP 8.11.79 - -3b Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 26.9.84 - -4 Jyndabinbin Rocks,E Esp Dund NR 22.9.80 - -5 Sinclair Soak,E Esp Dund VCL 20.9.80 - -6 Salt River Rd Alb Gno NP 10.11.86 - -7 Ellen Peak,SE Alb Gno - 28.10.83 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

H. tatei is widespread in Western Australia, and being inconspicuous is probably poorly collected rather than rare. Itshould remain secure within two Nature Reserves and two National Parks. Further opportunistic survey is required.

References

Short and Wilson (1990).

269

Isolepis sp. Kau Rock (M.A.Burgman 1515) CYPERACEAE

Currently there is no specimen of this taxon available in the Western Australian Herbarium.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

Isolepis sp. Kau Rock is known from two localities, about 160 km apart. One locality is near the upper reaches of theYoung River and the other is a herbfield near Kau Rock.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coujinup Hill,E Esp Rav VCL 6.83 - -2 Kau Rock Esp Esp VCL 9.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

According to Burgman (1985b), this taxon appears to be restricted to rocky outcrops in well watered micro-habitats. Itis an inconspicuous annual and may be more widespread than collections (or lack of them) indicate. It is not known tooccur in any conservation reserve.

A search for Burgman's specimens, which are possibly in storage at the Western Australian Herbarium, is urgentlyrequired. Further survey cannot be carried out until a specimen is available.

References

Burgman (1985b).

270

Isopogon alcicornis Diels PROTEACEAEElkhorn Coneflower

A dwarf shrub, 25-40 cm tall, with thick underground stems giving a suckering habit. The lower leaves on the stubbystems are narrow, widening towards the tip (up to 10 cm long including a long leaf stalk) and entire; the upper, floralleaves (up to 20 cm) are erect, flat, forked into 3 irregular lobes which look like antlers, leathery in texture and hairy onboth sides. The yellow flower heads form egg-shaped cones (about 5 cm diameter) which are hidden in the foliage closeto the ground; the tube and 4-perianth segments of individual flowers (2 cm long) are hairy, the end of each segment hasa spoon-shaped cavity which holds an anther. Dried cones (fruits) have scars where the scales have fallen.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Isopogon alcicornis is distributed over about 140 km, between Gibson and Mt Baring. It grows in sand in open malleeand heath communities.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 1+ Healthy2 Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 30.1.93 50+ Good3 Norwood Rd Esp Esp VCL 5.9.85 2 -

25.9.92 1 Dead4 Gibson,N Esp Esp - 12.12.85 1 -5 Muntz Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 100+ Good6a Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 20.8.82 - -

24.9.92 Not found -6b* Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 Fair

* = new sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Field observations suggest high susceptibility.

Summary and Recommendations

Surveys of Scaddan and Norwood Roads in 1992 found that where the known populations previously occurred, therewere dead plants of the Proteaceae family, suggesting Phytophthora dieback may be present, and no live plants werelocated.

Although I. alcicornis occurs in two Nature Reserves and one National Park, it is never abundant and may still bevulnerable and endangered by dieback at these localities. At Mt Burdett, the population lies below a walk trail to thesummit and regularly receives runoff from areas traversed by humans and vehicles. Management of the track isrequired.

271

Research is needed to determine the susceptibility of I. alcicornis to Phytophthora spp. Seed has been collected andlodged in the CALM Threatened Flora Seed Centre (WA Herbarium). Known populations need to be monitored.Further survey is urgently required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1988), Sainsbury (1987), Wrigley and Fagg (1989).

272

Lasiopetalum maxwellii F.Muell. STERCULIACEAE

An erect, spreading shrub, 15-60 cm tall, with numerous branches. Leaves are alternate, broadest towards the point ofattachment (ovate, 25-40 x 8-15 mm) and have margins that are slightly rolled backwards; the upper surface is green andlacks hairs while the underside is pale green with a dense cover of matted, stellate hairs. Flowers are borne in anelongate cluster (raceme); sepals (4-5 mm) are cream, with matted stellate hairs forming a dense cover on the outsideand being only scattered on the inner surface with the greatest density towards the tip; petals are minute and hairless;anthers and their filaments are about equal in length. The ovary is densely silky-hairy; the style is without hairs.

Flowering Period: September - January, April

Distribution and Habitat

Lasiopetalum maxwellii occurs on or near granite outcrops in coastal areas between Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid. Itgrows in sandy skeletal soil in rock crevices and hollows, often exposed to salt-laden winds.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 100+ Good2 Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 000+ Good3 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 7.4.66 - -4* Frenchman Peak,NE Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 Good5* Jenamullup Creek,W Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 500+ Good6* Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 Frequent Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

L. maxwellii is abundant and secure on granite headlands in the Cape Le Grand National Park; it is also frequent in CapeArid National Park. Further opportunistic survey along the coast east of Esperance is recommended.

The genus Lasiopetalum is currently under revision (C. Wilkins, personal communication). Further taxonomic workmay determine the extent and status of this species.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1974).

273

Lepyrodia fortunata L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs ms RESTIONACEAE

A spreading, tufted sedge, up to 1 m tall and 1 m diameter. Culms are cylindrical (0.5-1.3 mm diam.), erect, dull green,smooth or pitted, have 5-10 internodes apically increasing in length (to 15 cm). Sheaths (3-20 mm) are brown and heldclose to the culm except when subtending a branch; the apex is acute when young and withers with age. Theinflorescence is panicle-like (2-10 cm), with flowers crowded on the culm or at the ends of short side branches. Flowershave rigid, brown tepals; outer tepals are lanceolate (3.5 mm) and keeled; inner tepals are slightly shorter and concave toflat, broad lanceolate. Seeds are white and crescent-shaped (1 mm).

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Lepyrodia fortunata ms is known from two localities 40 km apart, in Cape Le Grand National Park and near Condingup.It grows in peaty sand in swamps behind foredunes, associated with Agonis parviceps and sedges.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 10.9.66 - -2 Thistle Cove,N Esp Esp NP 19.10.89 - -?3 Condingup Hill,N Esp Esp - 10.11.80 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

L. fortunata ms should remain secure in the Cape Le Grand National Park. In spring 1992, a survey failed to relocatethe population near Condingup Hill; the plant community described by Newbey (KRN 7942) was not evident at thelocality stated. Further survey is required.

274

Leucopogon breviflorus F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub, about 30 cm tall. Leaves are held erect, concave, elliptic (10 x 2 mm), stalked, and have a rigid, sharppoint. On the lower side of the leaf there are 3 parallel central veins and other veins branching towards the margin. Thewhite flowers are erect with 2 or 3 borne together on short, finely-hairy stalks in the axils of leaves; the corolla tube islonger than the obtuse sepals and bracteoles; anthers are without sterile tips and extend beyond the corolla; the ovary has5 cells; and, the style is long, slender and lacks hairs.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

The type of Leucopogon breviflorus held at Kew is a mixed collection of specimens collected by George Maxwell lastcentury. One was collected near Israelite Bay and the other from the Stirling Range. The 'Israelite Bay' L. breviflorus iswidespread in the Goldfields and Esperance Districts where it usually occurs in rocky areas growing in red-brown clayeysand; as well, it has been found in white aeolian sand near a small lake, and in deep yellow sand. It occurs in mallee,open shrub or thicket communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 21.4.93 100+ Good2* Daringdella Lake Esp Esp NR 20.4.93 1 000+ Good3* Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 20+ Good4* Tweedale Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 20+ Good5 McDermid Rock,E Esp Dund VCL 16.7.79 - -6 Walyahmoning Rock,N Gold MtM - 22.9.82 - -7 Illaara Station Gold Men Pastoral Lease 12.9.88 Frequent -8 Bungalbin Hill Gold MtM - 2.1.89 Frequent -9 Mt Jackson,E Gold MtM - 4.5.78 Common -10 Mt Jackson,S Gold MtM ?Pastoral Lease 28.11.81 Common -11 Whitewells Station ?Gold Per Pastoral Lease 22.11.92 Occasional -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. breviflorus has been poorly known and difficult to identify taxonomically. It appears to be widely scattered throughthe South Coast and Goldfields Regions and should remain secure in two Nature Reserves and one National Park.Taxonomic work to lectotypify the species and confirmation of herbarium specimens is required (J. Powell, personalcommunication).

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

275

Leucopogon interruptus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE

A shrub to 1.5 m tall with erect branches. Leaves are mostly crowded at the end of each year's shoot, apparently inwhorls, almost oval to oblong-elliptical (about 25 mm long), flat, hairless and finely nerved. Clusters of flowers (spikes)are at the ends of branches, slender and interrupted, but not exceeding the leaves. Flowers are small and numerous;bracts and bracteoles are less than half the length of the calyx; the corolla tube is shorter than the calyx; the ovary isglobular, 5-celled and the style short.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon interruptus is known only from a few islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche and from Mt Manypeakseast of Albany. It grows in grey sand over granite rocks in mixed vegetation of dense shrub mallee and Allocasuarina-Melaleuca thickets.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Nth Twin Peak Is. Esp Esp NR 30.4.72 - -2 Middle Island Esp Esp NR 22.11.73 - -3 Sandy Hook Island Esp Esp NR 1.5.82 - -4 Mt Manypeaks Alb Alb NP 17.7.86 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A large sector of Middle Island was burnt in 1977; resurvey and monitoring of this population is recommended. Furthersurvey of other islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche is required.

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

276

Leucopogon multiflorus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect, open or compact, harsh, prickly shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall and 1.5 m wide. Young branches are covered with short,soft, white hairs. Leaves are closely overlapping, lanceolate (7-12 x 1.5-2.5 mm), often broader at the base (ovate)tapering towards the tip to a long sharp spine, concave, and with many fine near-parallel veins on the under side.Clusters (spikes) of 3 or 4, cream-coloured flowers are borne in axils of the leaves; sepals are obtuse with long hairsaround the margins and are sometimes covered in woolly hairs; the ovary is 5-celled and the style long and slender.Fruits are globular (5 mm), pale green with a red apex when young turning whitish.

Flowering Period: November - January

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon multiflorus is distributed between Mid Mt Barren in the Fitzgerald River National Park and Cape Arid. Itgrows in shallow sandy soil over granite or quartzite, in low coastal scrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 10+ Good1b Thistle Cove,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 10+ Good2 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 21.1.66 - -3 Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 19.7.82 - -4* Hellfire Bay,E Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 30+ Good5 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 Occasional -6 Mid Mt Barren Alb Alb NP 16.7.70 - -7 King George's Sound,E Alb Alb - - - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. multiflorus is known to occur in three National Parks (Cape Arid, Cape Le Grand and Fitzgerald River). It is frequenton near-shore granite slopes in the Cape Le Grand National Park and is not immediately threatened. A fire burnt MtArid in January 1991; resurvey of this population (no. 5) is recommended, to determine the response of L. multiflorus tofire. Further survey is required.

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

277

Leucopogon pleurandroides F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect, open shrub 0.3-1.0 m tall, with numerous branches from the base. Leaves are broadly oblong (2.5-4 x 1.5-2mm), thick and have a distinct stalk (2 mm); the upper surface is dull green and minutely hairy, while the under side ispaler and has 2 longitudinal furrows. The white flowers are in dense clusters at the ends of branches. Sepals are brown,less than half the length of the corolla-tube, and have hairy margins; the corolla tube (3-4 mm) is white turning orangewhen dry, anthers are attached above the middle on the inside and lack sterile tips; the ovary is very hairy, 1-celled andhas a long, slender, hairy style.

Flowering Period: April

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon pleurandroides was first collected by George Maxwell last century at "Moirs Inlet", which is most likelyStokes Inlet, however no other collections have been made there. Otherwise, it is known from three widespreadlocalities, distributed over about 270 km, near Starvation Boat Harbour, west of Cascade, and north-west of SheoaksHill in the Cape Arid National Park. It grows on fine calcareous loam (marl) in open woodland and low shrub inassociation with Banksia media, Nematolepis phebalioides, Styphelia hainesii and Melaleuca spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 ?Stokes Inlet Esp Esp NP 1800s - -2 Starvation Boat Harbour Esp Rav Shire Res. 8.9.93 100+ Post-dist.3 Cheadanup Esp Rav NR 26.3.83 - -4* Sheoaks Hill,NW Esp Esp NP 22.4.93 2 000+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The discovery of a large population in Cape Arid National Park during a survey in autumn 1993 suggests that this taxonmay be more widespread than implied by the collections to date. Further survey is required.

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

278

Leucopogon rotundifolius R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect, bushy shrub, to 1 m tall. Leaves are erect or spreading, spoon-shaped (spathulate, 6-12 x 3-5 mm), obtuse orwith a small callous point, flat or slightly concave, stalked, pale green and have margins that are translucent. Small, paleyellow-green flowers are borne with 1 to 3 on a short stalk in the axils of leaves. The bracteoles are short and the sepalsare less than half the length of the corolla tube; the corolla lobes are long and eventually curve backwards to the sepals.Anthers are attached above the middle of the tube and are without sterile tips; the ovary is 5-celled and tapers into arather long style.

Flowering Period: January

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon rotundifolius occurs between Arid Bay and Cape Le Grand National Park, and on Middle Island. It growsin shallow sandy soils on near-shore granite outcrops in coastal scrub, and on deeper sand in open heath scrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Arid Bay Esp Esp NP 12.6.85 Common -2a Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 21.1.66 - -2b Frenchman Peak,N Esp Esp NP 18.11.79 - -2c Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 200+ Good2d Le Grand Beach,N Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 3 Good2e Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 20+ Good2f* Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 50+ Good3a Duke of Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Recr. Res. 17.7.82 Common -3b Duke of Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Recr. Res. 18.7.82 Common -4 Middle Island Esp Esp NR 22.11.73 - -

* = new sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. rotundifolius is very common in the Cape Le Grand National Park, occurring on most of the granite outcrops. Aswell, it grows in the Cape Arid National Park and on a Nature Reserve, where it should remain secure.

References

Bentham (1869), Blackall and Grieve (1981).

279

Levenhookia pulcherrima Carlquist STYLIDIACEAEBeautiful Stylewort

A small, erect annual herb, 3-5 cm tall, with red stems and very glandular herbage. Flowers are rose to pale pink withlarge and markedly notched corolla lobes; the upper corolla lobes have W-shaped red markings near the base; thecorolla tube is longer than the calyx lobes. The stout, erect column is covered by a sensitive hood-like labellum thatsprings away and downwards when touched releasing the column and anthers. The stigmas are dissimilar; the lower oneis straight while the upper is curved backwards towards the tube.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Levenhookia pulcherrima is known from only three localities; two are within or near the Frank Hann National Park,while the other occurs nearly 70 km to the south, adjacent to the Phillips River. It grows in sand overlying granite inAllocasuarina woodland with Grevillea hookeriana, Calytrix and Baeckea, or in mallee heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Gibbs,SE Esp Esp ?VCL & NP 14.11.79 Frequent -2 Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 27.10.75 1 000s -3 Phillips River Alb Alb ?MRWA Rd Res. 11.10.74 - -

Response to Disturbance

Probably a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. pulcherrima is poorly known and possibly rare; it has not been collected for more than 14 years. In 1975, it wasobserved to be regenerating in mallee heath after a fire in Frank Hann National Park. Further survey is required.

References

Grieve and Blackall (1982).

280

Melaleuca fissurata Barlow MYRTACEAE

A large shrub, to 4 m tall. Leaves are near-opposite with alternate pairs at right angles to each other, elliptical (3-5 x 2mm), concave, curve backwards from the obtuse tip and are dull green in colour. Flowers are white or yellow and bornein dense, semi-globular clusters of 5-15 flowers on one side of old, corky wood. Staminal bundles are 12-15 mm long;the ovary is densely covered in short, white hairs. Fruits (5 x 7 mm) are 3-valved, with 5 short (1 mm), triangular lobes.

Flowering Period: September

Distribution and Habitat

Melaleuca fissurata is distributed over 300 km, from near Lake King to Clyde Hill. It grows in well-drained, aeolianloamy sand on the margins of salt lakes or along drainage lines in open shrub mallee and tall shrubs. It may beassociated with Eucalyptus transcontinentalis, E. goniantha and Melaleuca spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 13.8.79 - -2a* Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20+ Good2b Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 100+ Good3 Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp ?NR 3.8.83 - -4 Mt Ridley,SSW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 3 Good5 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 1 000+ Good6 Truslove,E Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 20+ Good7 Lignite Rd Esp Esp ?VCL 17.11.92 1 000+ Good8 Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 20+ Good9 Lake King,WSW Kat LG - 10.8.68 - -10* Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR 23.9.93 50+ Good11* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Good12a* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 20+ Good12b* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

281

Summary and Recommendations

M. fissurata occurs in the Frank Hann National Park and is common in two Nature Reserves where it should remainsecure. It is widespread in Crown Land north of Mt Beaumont, an area which it is not immediately threatened foragricultural clearing.

282

Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa Barlow MYRTACEAE

A shrub, 1.3-4.5 m tall. Leaves are arranged spirally and held close to the stem, linear to narrow-elliptic (5-9 x 0.6-2mm), rounded at the apex and slightly curved inwards, veins and glands are rarely seen. Elongate clusters (8-40 mm) of10-50 flowers occur at both the base and tips of branches; bracts (1.5-4 x 1-2 mm) are persistent to flowering; sepals aretriangular (1 mm) and have membranous margins. There are 8-11 cream-coloured stamens (5 mm including claw) perbundle. Fruits are shortly cylindrical to bell-shaped (3-4 x 2-4 mm) and bluntly toothed at the rim.

Melaleuca viminea subsp. appressa differs from the other subspecies by its leaves which are pressed closely to the stemand the floral parts which are distinctly shorter.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

M. viminea subsp. appressa is known from near Ongerup, Mt Burdett and north-west of Skeleton Rock, a distribution ofover 100 km. It grows near creeks or wet depressions in clayey soils, possibly associated with granite.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Burdett Esp Esp NR 28.9.88 - -2 Skeleton Rock,NW Mer Yil - 8.10.86 - -3 Ongerup,E Alb Jer - 21.10.75 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey is required.

References

Quinn et al. (1992).

283

Melaleuca sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 4018) MYRTACEAE

Burgman (1985b) lists five specimens which he considers to be this taxon. Two have since been identified as Melaleucapauperiflora subsp. pauperiflora (M.A.Burgman 4551 and K.R.Newbey 2764) and one as subsp. fastigiata(M.A.Burgman 3572b). These taxa are not considered endangered.

Currently, M.A.Burgman 4018 and 3645 have not been located in the Western Australian Herbarium so their taxonomicstatus cannot be determined.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

The two unidentified specimens of M. sp. Ravensthorpe occur south-west of Peak Charles.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Fields Rd Esp Esp NP 9.84 - -2 Rawlinson Rd Esp Esp ?NR 10.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

It is probable that once the Burgman specimens are located, M. sp. Ravensthorpe will be identified as one of thesubspecies of M. pauperiflora which are not Priority taxa. According to Burgman (1985b) the taxon is widespread inthe Cascades area. No further survey is recommended until the original specimens have been examined.

References

Burgman (1985b).

284

Microcorys virgata R.Br. LAMIACEAE

A slender, erect shrub, to 2 m tall, which adopts a weeping habit with age. The linear leaves (5-7 mm) are in whorls of3, flat or concave, and have a rounded apex. The small pale blue buds and white flowers are in groups of 3 toward thebranch tips; the upper lip of the corolla forms a small hood, while the lower lip is much longer. The outer surface of thecorolla is mostly hairy; the calyx has a fringe of hairs on the margin and is otherwise shiny.

Microcorys virgata is closely related to M. barbata which has a calyx covered in long white silky hairs, and toM. glabra which lacks hairs on the calyx and corolla.

Flowering Period: August - January, May

Distribution and Habitat

M. virgata is distributed between Albany and Cape Arid. It grows in a variety of habitats, including sandy soil overgranite, limestone or quartzite, and clay loam. It occurs on lower slopes of mountains and on plains in woodland, shrubmallee and heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1* Fisheries Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 19.4.93 1 Good2 Coujinup Hill,NE Esp Rav VCL 11.12.83 - -3 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 19.11.85 Rare -4 Willyung Hill Alb Alb Private 25.8.92 4 Healthy5 Chillinup Rd Alb Alb Shire Rd Verge 1.9.92 20 Healthy6 Kojonup Springs Rd Alb Alb Shire Res. 9.2.93 11 Healthy7 Hamilla Hill Alb Cbk NP 24.8.93 1 -8 Wedge Hill Alb Plgt NP 12.5.82 - -9 Woodjenilup Alb ?Alb Shire Rd Res. 22.10.85 - -10 Mt Groper Alb Alb VCL 16.1.85 Scattered -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. virgata appears to be widespread but never common. Verification of specimens in the Western AustralianHerbarium is required, as a number of collections have been confused with M. barbata and M. glabra. Furtheropportunistic survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1981), Burgman (1985b), Robinson and Coates (1995).

285

Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154) EUPHORBIACEAE[ex. Amperea sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154)]

A small, inconspicuous annual. Flowers are in dense, head-like, terminal clusters (cyme). Male flowers have 4 or morestamens that are free and have 2-celled anthers opening in longitudinal slits. Female flowers have their styles dividedinto 2.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe is known from only two localities about 80 km apart, south of Peak Eleanora and near theOldfield River. It grows in pale brown sand in very open shrub mallee and dense low heath.

Another population, whose identification is in doubt, may occur near Red Peak in the Fitzgerald River National Park.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Ravensthorpe,E Esp Rav - 6.9.83 - -2 Peak Eleanora,SSE Esp Esp VCL 27.9.84 - -?3 Red Peak,WNW Alb Jer NP 13.10.78 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The general areas of the two populations in the Esperance District were surveyed in September 1992, however this taxonwas not found. Further survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1974), Burgman (1985b).

286

Olearia laciniifolia Lander ASTERACEAE

An erect shrub, 0.8-1.0 m tall, which is covered in long, glandular hairs. Stems are softly-hairy, pale yellow whenyoung, becoming purplish with age. Leaves are alternate, scattered, lack stalks, flat, oblong (6-35 x 1-10 mm), grey-green on both sides, and have a stout midvein; margins are divided into small, pointed lobes (saw-toothed). The classicdaisy flower heads (26-35 mm diameter) are borne singly on long stalks (to 25 mm), in the axils of leaves at the ends ofbranches. The whorl of bracts surrounding the base of the flower head (involucre) is hemispherical in shape. The rayflorets ('petals') number 35-43 and are lilac-coloured; the disc florets number 53-90 and are white below and yellowabove; the pappus has about 20 long bristles.

Olearia laciniifolia is similar to O. rudis which has a number of flower heads in a leaf axils, 39-75 ray florets, 86-241disc florets and the pappus has 31-42 long bristles and 10-14 much shorter ones.

Flowering Period: June - November

Distribution and Habitat

O. laciniifolia occurs north-east and north-west of Clyde Hill and between Lake Grace and Lake King. It grows onwhite sand amongst mallee and Melaleuca shrubland around playa lakes.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Clyde Hill,NE Esp Esp ?Private 6.83 - -2a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 100+ Post-fire2b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 1+ Post-fire3* Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 1 Post-fire4 Lake Grace,E Kat LG ?Rd Res. 22.9.66 - -5 Lake King Kat LG - 11.30 - -6 258 mile peg Kat LG - 24.9.63 - -7 Dowels-Lake King Rd Kat LG - - - -8 Kukerin,W Kat Dum - 11.9.75 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Its occurrence after fire at populations 2 and 3 suggests this species is a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Although O. laciniifolia is widely distributed, there are few collections. Within the Katanning District, it has not beencollected for nearly 20 years. Most of its known distribution is within agricultural areas which would make this taxonvulnerable.

In autumn 1993, new populations were located north-west of Clyde Hill and south of Peak Charles, both areas had beenrecently burnt (January 1991).

References

Lander (1990).

287

Opercularia hirsuta F.Muell. RUBIACEAESilky-haired Stinkweed

An erect herb, about 30 cm tall, with straight and slender stems. The stems and foliage are covered with long, softalmost silky hairs. The few leaves are linear (12-28 mm) with an obtuse apex. Flower heads are globular, on erectstalks, and have numerous small flowers; the calyx-tubes are joined, and the calyx-lobes are scarcely as long as thesilky-hairy corollas. Seeds are oblong-egg-shaped, obtusely 4-angled and wrinkled except for the 2 lateral smoothangles.

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Opercularia hirsuta apparently occurs between the Oldfield River and Lucky Bay and extends north to Peak Charles. Itgrows in shallow soil over granite, in low shrub communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 7.10.66 - -2 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1 Good3* Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 2 Good4* Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 500+ Post-fire5 Esperance Bay Esp Esp - 1800s - -6 Young River Esp Esp - 1800s - -7 Oldfield River Esp Rav - 1800s - -

Response to Disturbance

It may be a disturbance opportunist, as a large population was found after a hot fire burnt Peak Charles in January 1991.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

O. hirsuta is poorly known, although it was collected four times by George Maxwell last century.

The taxonomic distinction between O. hirsuta and some other Opercularia is unclear; inspection of the type specimen isrequired to verify collections in the Western Australian Herbarium (G. Keighery, personal communication). A numberof plants with affinity to the described taxon, but less hairy, were found during recent surveys (not included in table).

References

Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982).

288

Opercularia rubioides Juss. RUBIACEAE

An erect, rather stout and rigid plant, 3-6 cm tall, with numerous woody, hairless stems arising from the base. Leavesare lanceolate (10-25 mm), acute at the apex, lack stalks, and have margins that curve backwards; the upper surface iscovered in short, stiff hairs that are rough to touch (scabrous). Flowers are numerous in globular heads which are borneon very short, recurved stalks and subtended by 2 floral leaves; the calyx lobes are lanceolate.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Opercularia rubioides was described from a specimen collected last century by Drummond "towards Cape Riche".Currently, it is known only from three localities, near Cascade and north of Jerramungup. Near Lake Cairlocup it growson a broad valley floor in deep, white siliceous sand associated with Eucalyptus redunca mallee.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Griffiths Rd Esp Esp Private 16.10.68 ?Cleared -2 Lake Cairlocup Kat Kent NR 1.84 Rare -3 Jerramungup,NE Alb Jer - 30.10.65 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

O. rubioides is an inconspicuous plant which may account for the lack of collections. The location where it wascollected near Griffiths Rd in 1968 has probably been cleared for agriculture, however other populations may occur in anearby Nature Reserve.

Surveys in the Cascade area in 1992 and 1993 failed to locate this species. Further survey is required.

References

Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982).

289

Paracaleana sp. Nuytsland (A.P.Brown s.n.) ORCHIDACEAEEsperance Duck Orchid

A small, inconspicuous orchid, 9-10 cm tall, with 1 or 2 flowers. Leaves are 10-15 x 3-7 mm. Flowers (15-18 x 8-12mm) are reversed compared to a typical orchid and have green, broad spreading column wings which form a pouchalmost enclosing the stigma. The unusual labellum is insect-like and flicks over when touched.

This taxon resembles Paracaleana linearifolia ms, but differs in having a narrower labellum and deeply cleft columnwings.

Flowering Period: November

Distribution and Habitat

P. sp. Nuytsland is known from only one locality, about 150 km east of Esperance. It grows in sandy soil above awinter-wet flat.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Nuytsland Esp Esp NP 9.83 50+ -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. sp. Nuytsland should remain secure in Cape Arid National Park. Currently there is no specimen in the WesternAustralian Herbarium. Further survey is required.

References

Hoffman and Brown (1992).

290

Patersonia inaequalis Benth. IRIDACEAEUnequal Bract Patersonia

Plants forming small clumps, 30 cm tall. Leaves have parallel veins and are hairy near the base. The flower stalks areleafless and lack hairs. The white or yellow flowers have a narrow, tubular perianth with 3 broad, spreading lobes; thesecond outer bract is attached higher than the first. The staminal tube is long and there are 3 stamens; the inferior ovaryis 3-celled.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Patersonia inaequalis occurs in Cape Le Grand National Park and on Mondrain Island in the Archipelago of theRecherche. Last century the type was collected by G. Maxwell near Stokes Inlet, however it has not been recorded fromthere since. P. inaequalis grows in shallow sand over laterite or sand over granite rock, in coastal scrub heath,associated with Banksia speciosa, Lambertia inermis or Eucalyptus angulosa.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 27.8.91 - -2a Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 8.9.86 Common -2b Mt Le Grand,W Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 2 Good3 Frenchman Peak Esp Esp NP 8.8.71 - -4* Lucky Bay,N Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 5+ Good5 Mondrain Island Esp Esp - 14.11.50 - -6 Stokes Inlet Esp Esp NP 1800s - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

In the Cape Le Grand National Park, P. inaequalis is usually widely scattered, with no more than a few plants together.Further survey of larger islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche is desirable. Monitoring of known populations isrecommended.

References

Bentham (1867), Blackall and Grieve (1974).

291

Persoonia sp. Scaddan (M.A.Burgman 4424) PROTEACEAE[ex. Persoonia aff. hakeiformis]

This taxon has affinity with Persoonia hakeiformis which is a much-branched, somewhat spreading shrub, 1.0-1.5 m tallx 1.3 m wide. Leaves are cylindrical and slightly tapering (25 mm) with a groove on the under side; a few hairs occur atthe base. The yellow perianth has a large pouched segment (saccate) on the lower side; one of the 4 anthers is sterile;the style is curved.

Flowering Period: ?May

Distribution and Habitat

P. sp. Scaddan is known only from the Grass Patch-Scaddan area. It grows in mallee woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Grass Patch,E Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 27.5.82 - -& VCL

2 Truslove Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1988).

292

Phlegmatospermum eremaeum (J.M.Black) E.A.Shaw BRASSICACEAE

A prostrate annual, 2 cm tall with closely-hairy stems (2-10 cm). The basal leaves (to 4 cm) form a rosette; stem leavesare elliptical (to 2 cm) and often toothed. Flowers are pale purplish to white and are borne in dense clusters (racemes);sepals (1.5-2 mm) and petals (2-3 mm) are small; stamens are flat and wide at the base; the style is very short. The fruitis an oval-shaped capsule with 5-7 seeds (1 mm) per locule.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Phlegmatospermum eremaeum occurs between Coolgardie and Eyre, south of the Trans Australian Railway line. Itgrows in red loam over limestone in chenopod shrubland.

This species is also found on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia and in mallee scrub of South Australia and Victoria.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Norseman,N Esp Dund - 8.8.51 - -2 Cocklebiddy,SSE Esp Dund NR 1.10.84 Common -3 Haig,S Gold Bldr - 1.10.84 - -4 Coolgardie Gold Cool - 1899 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. eremaeum is apparently uncommon, although it is an inconspicuous annual, and its wide distribution from Coolgardieto near Eyre suggests that more populations may occur. It should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.Further survey is required.

References

Hewson (1982).

293

Pimelea graniticola Rye THYMELAEACEAE

An erect, spreading shrub, 0.2-1 m tall, with stems that are yellow-red near the flowers becoming almost black furtherfrom the apex. Leaves are alternate, lack hairs except when immediately below an inflorescence, pale green to bluishgreen, and narrow-linear (4-17 x 0.5-1 mm). Bisexual, cream or white flowers are borne in a compact head which issurrounded by about 40 involucral bracts. The bracts are similar in colour to the leaves, narrowly triangular to linear (6-8 x 1-2 mm), densely hairy inside and with or without hairs on the outside; the margins have long hairs (ciliate). Boththe floral tubes (6 mm) and sepals (2-5 mm) are very densely hairy on the outside and hairless inside.

Pimelea graniticola resembles P. imbricata and P. villifera, but differs from both in having more numerous involucralbracts; as well, it has narrower leaves compared to P. imbricata. P. graniticola is distributed east of longitude 118o E,while the other two species occur to the west of this meridian.

Flowering Period: September - December

Distribution and Habitat

P. graniticola extends from Chiddarcooping Hill south to near Roes Rock, and from near Pingaring east to StennetRock, a range of about 330 km. It grows on granite outcrops, in soil pockets or shallow soil over granite sheets.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Stennet Rock Esp Esp VCL 18.11.92 2 Good2a Mt Gibbs Esp Rav VCL 13.11.79 1 -2b Mt Gibbs plain Esp Rav VCL 27.11.64 - -3 Chiddarcooping Mer West NR 7.11.90 20-30 Healthy4 Mt Holland track Nar ?Kon VCL 11.31 - -5 Roes Rock,NNW Alb Jer NP 17.11.85 Scattered -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. graniticola is widely distributed, although most populations are small. Further survey is required.

References

Mollemans et al. (1993), Rye (1988).

294

Scaevola brookeana F.Muell. GOODENIACEAE[= S. brooksiana J.H.Willis]Heart-leaved Fan-flower

An erect shrub, to 60 cm tall. Leaves are dull, bluish-green sometimes with a whitish bloom that rubs off (glaucous),stem-clasping, broadening towards the base to form a heart shape, and widely toothed on the margins. Usually 1 to 3,blue flowers are borne in the axils of leaves; the corolla is hairless outside and the tubular portion of the corolla hasshort hairs on the inside; the style has short, soft hairs below the middle and the indusium (at the apex of the style) isonly slightly downy.

Flowering Period: April - May, October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Scaevola brookeana was first discovered by Miss S.J. Brooks last century "in the vicinity of Israelite Bay". All recentcollections are from Mt Ragged, 40 km to the north-west of Israelite Bay, where it grows in shallow, grey-brown sandyloam amongst quartzite rocks.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 1 000+ Post-fire

Response to Disturbance

Two years after a hot burn (February 1991), many S. brookeana seedlings and a few larger, flowering resuckers werepresent on the slopes of Mt Ragged. Eight years earlier (January 1983), another fire burnt Mt Ragged and S. brookeanawas collected two years after that fire. The population is therefore unlikely to be threatened by frequent fires.Monitoring is recommended.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. brookeana is known in the Western Australian Herbarium as S. brooksiana. It is recommended that the former namebe adopted (Carolin 1992).

References

Carolin (1992), Grieve and Blackall (1982), Mueller (1884).

295

Spyridium mucronatum Rye subsp. mucronatum RHAMNACEAE

A mid-dense shrub, 50-60 cm tall and 40-50 cm wide. Leaves are alternate, narrow linear-ovate (3-4 x 1 mm), the uppersurface is bright green and glossy with the margins rolled backwards to nearly join in the middle on the under side. Thebase of each leaf has 2 appendages (stipules) that are relatively large (1-1.5 mm) and triangular-shaped. Small heads of4-6, cream-coloured flowers are numerous in the leaf axils; the outer surface of the calyx (1 mm) is covered in densewhite hairs, the inner surface lacks hairs; the short style (0.3 mm) has slightly enlarged, 3-lobed stigma.

Two subspecies are recognised, subsp. mucronatum and subsp. multiflorum. The latter is more robust, has larger leavesand more flowers per head than subsp. mucronatum.

Flowering Period: March - May

Distribution and Habitat

Spyridium mucronatum subsp. mucronatum is a widespread taxon occurring from near Hatter Hill to south ofBalladonia; subsp. multiflorum is more restricted being distributed between Gibson and Mt Ragged, a distance of about140 km. The species grows in sand or sandy loam in mallee shrublands or heaths. Associated species includeEucalyptus uncinata, E. eremophila and E. leptocalyx.

Conservation StatusCurrent: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

subsp. mucronatum1a Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 60+ Average1b* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 13.9.92 10+ Good2 Mt Ridley, NNE Esp Esp VCL 8.3.80 Rare -3a* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10 Good3b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Post-fire4a Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 8.11.80 Scattered -4b Parmango Rd Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 120+ Good5 Ponier Rock,WSW Esp Esp VCL 11.12.90 Common -6 Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 100+ Good7a Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp - 6.3.80 Scattered -7b* Salmon Gums,E Esp Esp ?Water Res. 18.11.93 100+ Good8* Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 10+ Good9* Truslove,E Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 Frequent Good10* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.9.92 Common Good11* Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 Few Average12* Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 24.9.92 5 Good13* Norwood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 20+ Good14 West Point Rd Esp Rav ?VCL 29.9.84 - -15 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 200+ Good16* Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 10+ Good17* Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 50+ Good

296

Known Populations (cont’d)

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

subsp. multiflorum1 Scaddan,S Esp Esp - 13.11.76 - -2 Muntz Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -3 Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 12.1.66 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. mucronatum was considered to be poorly known and possibly vulnerable by Burgman (1985b) and Newbey (1983).Subsequent taxonomic work by Barbara Rye (personal communication) and further field surveys have shown subsp.mucronatum to be widespread and common. The more robust subsp. multiflorum, however, is poorly collected andpossibly rare.

References

Burgman (1985b), Newbey (1983).

297

Stipa exilis Vickery POACEAE

A rather small, densely tufted grass, 25-60 cm tall and 5-15 cm wide, with mostly basal leaves to half the height.Individual culms are slender, cylindrical, compressible, ribbed, and slightly rough-hairy just below the nodes; the 2nodes are finely-hairy and up to 50% broader than the adjacent internodes. Leaf sheaths (about 5 mm wide) are ribbedand covered in rough, short stiff hairs. The ligule is firmly membranous (0.5-2.5 mm) and obtuse; the auricle has adense to sparse tuft of long, straight or woolly hairs. Leaf blades (to 25 cm x <0.5 mm) are strongly ribbed and softly-hairy on the inner surface; the margins are rough with short hooks. Flower clusters (panicle, to 20 x 3 cm) have unequal,few-flowered branches (to 7 cm). The spikelets (8-10 mm) have very unequal, 3 or 5-nerved glumes and a long awn(35-55 mm) which is almost straight or gently twice bent.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

In Western Australia, Stipa exilis is known from only a few widely distributed localities, from near Cocklebiddy and theGnowangerup-Needilup area, nearly 800 km to the east. It grows in well-drained, pale brown calcareous sandy loam, ina moderately sheltered, flat marine plain in an Eucalyptus yalatensis high open shrubland, or in E. occidentaliswoodland.

This species is most abundant in South Australia where it grows in heath and scrub on sandy soil. It barely extends intoVictoria and Western Australia (although not on the Nullarbor Plain).

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cocklebiddy,S Esp Dund NR 5.10.87 - -2 Loc 1401 Alb Jer - 10.11.75 - -3 Gnowangerup,S Kat ?Gno - 10.10.62 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. exilis is poorly known in Western Australia. It should remain secure in the Nuytsland Nature Reserve.

References

Newbey (1983), Vickery (1980), Vickery et al. (1986).

298

Thysanotus brachyantherus Brittan ANTHERICACEAE

A perennial herb that has a small rootstock with clustered fibrous roots that swell 5-7 cm from the stock into tubers (3-4cm). The flowering stem is surrounded by 4-5 hairless leaves (up to 15 cm). Flower heads (panicle) are mostly solitarywith 1-4 flowers; the flowering stems are cylindrical, hairless and have triangular-shaped bracts (5-12 mm) at the lowestbranch; floral bracts are membranous (1.5-2 mm); flowers stalks (5-7 mm) are articulated about 1 mm from the base.The flowers have 3 inner petals that are mauve or purple and have long fringes on the margins. The 6 anthers (2-3 mm)are slightly curved and twisted.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Thysanotus brachyantherus is known from the Mt Ragged-Russell Range area and about 80 km to the north-easttowards Mt Heywood. It grows in sandy clay, clay over limestone, loam or in sandplain in low open heath associatedwith Banksia, Dryandra or Eucalyptus species.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 26.10.89 Uncommon -2 Mt Ragged,S Esp Esp NP 8.12.60 - -3 Russell Range Esp Esp NP 8.12.60 - -4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.10.80 Rare -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A hot fire in February 1991 burnt the Mt Ragged region where this species is known to occur. The species was notfound during a survey in April 1993; its response to fire is unknown.

T. brachyantherus grows in a variety of habitats, so the taxon may be more frequent than collections indicate. Furthersurvey is required.

References

Brittan (1972).

299

Thysanotus parviflorus Brittan ANTHERICACEAE

A perennial herb with a small rootstock which is surrounded by the previous year's bracts, leaf bases and stems. Rootsare thickened and fleshy. The leaves and floral stems are opposed by 1 or 2 membranous bracts (about 4 cm). Leavesare few, narrow-linear to cylindrical (10-25 cm), hairless, and have membranous bases similar to bracts. There isusually only 1 cluster of flowers per plant, borne on a cylindrical stem (14-25 cm), which is either unbranched or up to4-branched. Inflorescences (umbels) are usually paired and have 4-6 flowers borne on stalks (8-10 mm). The perianthhas 3 outer linear segments (7 x 1.5 mm) with a fine sharp, point; the 3 inner segments ('petals') are purple, broadlyelliptical and have long (2 mm) fringed margins. The 6 stamens have purple anthers which are straight (not twisted) andthe inner 3 are longer than the outer 3 anthers. The ovary is 3-locular; the style is erect and straight (3 mm). Fruits arecylindrical capsules (4 x 2 mm) bearing up to 6 seeds each; the black seeds have a yellow fleshy appendage (aril).

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Thysanotus parviflorus is distributed over about 400 km from the Stirling Ranges to Cape Le Grand. It grows in sandyloam in low Eucalyptus mallee sandplain on the lower slopes of hills.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -1b Hill 49 Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -2 Greens Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -3 West Mt Barren Alb Jer NP 28.10.65 - -4 Stirling Ranges Alb - NP 15.10.74 - -5 Denmark,E Alb Dnmk MRWA Rd Res. 26.11.90 Occasional -6 Brookton,SSE Nar Brktn - 21.10.83 Occasional -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

T. parviflorus is widespread along the south coast, occurring in the Stirling Range, Fitzgerald River and Cape Le GrandNational Parks, where this taxon should remain secure.

References

Brittan (1981).

300

Trachymene croniniana F.Muell. APIACEAE

An erect annual, 10-50 cm tall, with the stems covered in scattered, spreading, usually rigid hairs. Leaves are palmatelydivided, usually into 3 irregularly lobed segments. Numerous (3-12) flowers are borne in umbrella-like clusters(umbels); petals are white; sepals are absent. Fruits are hairless, with only 1 very wrinkled fruitlet developing.

Flowering Period: June, November

Distribution and Habitat

Trachymene croniniana is known only from two localities, about 270 km apart, in the Stirling Ranges and east ofCoujinup Hill. It grows after fire, in grey-brown sandy clay in rocky habitats near creeks or water bodies.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 2

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coujinup Hill,E Esp Rav VCL 25.6.83 - Regen.2 Salt River Rd ?Kat ?Cbk - 14.11.82 Rare Regen.

Response to Disturbance

According to G. Keighery (personal communication), this species occurs after hot summer fires.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Further survey is required.

References

Blackall and Grieve (1980), Burgman (1985b).

361

C. Priority Three Taxa

Based on the October 1992 Priority Flora List, there are 42 Priority Three taxa known from within the boundaries of theEsperance District. Of these, 26 taxa were located during surveys in 1992 and 1993. New populations or sub-populations were found for 13 taxa.

The following taxa are not included, as current information indicates that they are not distributed in the EsperanceDistrict:

Acacia durabilis msAcacia heterochroa subsp. heterochroa msAcacia pinguiculosa subsp. pinguiculosa msAcacia ?excentrica (B.R.Maslin 5463)Adenanthos glabrescens subsp. exasperatusCalocephalus aervoidesGrevillea fulgens

The following taxa were deleted as they were found to be another species:

Chorizema sp. Esperance (M.A.Burgman 2135)= Chorizema circinaleEucalyptus sp. Scaddan (K.R.Newbey 8183)= Eucalyptus misella

The following taxa were renamed during the project:

Eucalyptus sp. Mt Ney (M.I.H.Brooker 8922) [aff. diptera] = Eucalyptus cretaDryandra sp. 16 (A.S.George 9446)= Dryandra viscida

362

Acacia eremophila var. variabilis Maiden & Blakely MIMOSACEAE

A compact rounded or low spreading shrub, 1-4 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are cylindrical (50-110 x 1-1.5 mm), rigid,straight, commonly with a deflexed tip with a sharp rigid point, and have about 10 parallel nerves depressed belowraised internerve spaces bearing raised stomata. The light golden flower heads are globular (3-4 mm), 20-25 floweredand borne with 2 per axil on stalks (2-3 mm). Legumes are linear (50 x 1.5-3 mm), raised over and constricted betweenthe seeds, undulate and covered in short, soft hairs. Seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pod, elliptic (2.5-3 mm),dark brown and have a terminal appendage (aril).

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia eremophila var. variabilis is known from a few widely distributed localities, from near Bruce Rock toBalladonia, a range of over 500 km. It grows in sandy habitats.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 9.79 - -1b Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 9.9.76 - -1c Norseman,E Esp Dund - 17.11.93 Not found -2a Comet Vale Gold Men - 6.9.61 - -2b Menzies,S Gold Men - 1975 - -3 Zanthus,E Gold Blder - 2.9.68 - -4 Ardath Nar BR - 17.12.89 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

In November 1993, a survey between Norseman and Balladonia failed to locate this taxon; it may be difficult to findunless it is flowering. Further survey is required.

363

Acacia euthyphylla Maslin ms MIMOSACEAE

A rounded to funnel-shaped shrub, 1-2 m tall. Branchlets are finely ribbed, slightly flexible and lack hairs. Phyllodes('leaves') are linear (40-90 x 2-3 mm), narrowed towards the base, slightly thickened, erect, light green, have a fine pointat the tip, and a midrib that is only slightly raised; a gland occurs 10 mm or more from the base. The golden flowerheads are globular (4-5 mm), 18-21 flowered, with 2 heads (raceme, 1-2 mm) borne per leaf axil on long stalks (5-8mm). Flowers are 5-merous with free sepals. The shiny legumes are linear (to 60 x 3.5 mm).

Acacia euthyphylla ms is similar in appearance to A. crassiuscula and A. cupularis. A. crassiuscula prefers granitichabitats and has thicker dark green phyllodes with strongly raised midribs and the gland closer to the base, whileA. cupularis can be distinguished by the blunt or callus point at the tip of the phyllodes and single flowers in the axils.

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

A. euthyphylla ms is distributed between Truslove and Clyde Hill, a range of 120 km. It grows in sand or clay loam inseasonal swamps or around the margins of salt lakes, in tall myrtaceous shrubland and mallee woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR 22.9.92 2 Good2 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR & 22.9.92 200+ Good

Shire Rd Res.3 Lignite Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 20+ Fair4 Bronzewing Rd Esp Esp - 6.9.84 - -5 Dempster Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. & VCL 25.9.92 3000+ Good6a Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - Post-fire6b Mt Ney Rd Esp Esp ?NR 3.8.83 - -7 ?Niblick Hill Esp Esp Private 24.2.83 Common -8* Truslove Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 5+ Good9* Karl Berg Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 10.10.92 30 Good10* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1000+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. euthyphylla ms is widespread at the northern limit of agriculture, north-east of Esperance. It is known to occur in twoNature Reserves and in Crown Land which is not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.

364

Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A low, compact shrub, 30-60 cm tall, which is densely covered in long white hairs. Leaves (6-15 mm) are bipinnatewith one pair of pinnae (5-15 mm) having 3-4 pairs of narrowly oblong to elliptic pinnules (3-6 x 2-3 mm) that arenerveless above and 1-nerved below. Appendages at the base of the leaves (stipules) are very narrowly triangular (4-8mm). The golden flower heads are globular (6-8 mm), 17-20 flowered and borne on long, hairy stalks (15-20 mm). Thelegume (up to 40 x 5-6 mm) is covered in long hairs.

Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa is similar to subsp. moirii which has 3-7 pairs of leaf pinnules that are hairless aboveand sparsely hairy below.

Flowering Period: April - July

Distribution and Habitat

A. moirii subsp. dasycarpa is distributed between the Hamersley River and Munglinup, mainly south of the South CoastHighway. A disjunct population occurs between Lake King and Newdegate. It grows in white sand in tall openshrubland or in stony quartzite in low heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lake King- Kat LG - 13.7.71 - -Newdegate

2 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 15.12.92 100+ Healthy3 Hopetoun,N Alb Rav - 10.9.70 - -4a Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 30.5.70 - -4b Eyre Range,W Alb Rav NP 16.7.71 - -5a Hamersley Drive Alb Rav NP 12.9.83 Occasional -5b Hamersley Drive Alb Rav NP 25.5.83 Common -6 West River Alb Rav - 3.70 - -7a No Tree Hill,NE Alb Rav NP 6.8.93 20+ Disturbed7b No Tree Hill,NW Alb Rav NP 8.10.75 - -8 East Mt Barren Alb Rav NP 13.4.74 - -9* Vermin Proof Fence Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.9.93 40+ Good10* Bedford Harbour Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Verge 9.9.93 8 Vulnerable11a* Fence Rd Alb Rav Shire Rd Res. 8.9.93 1 Good11b Coujinup Rd Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 10+ Disturbed12* Coxall Rd Esp Rav MRWA Rd Res. 9.9.93 2 Average

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Grows most vigorously in areas that have been disturbed. It may be an opportunistic species that becomes less commonas plant communities mature.

365

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The population north-east of No Tree Hill is vulnerable to clearing for road maintenance; resurvey is required as thetrack was widened in November 1993. Monitoring of known populations is recommended.

References

Maslin (1975).

366

Acacia octonervia R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE

A low, spreading shrub, 20-50 cm tall and up to 1 m broad. Branchlets are brownish-red. Phyllodes ('leaves') arecylindrical (terete, 15-20 x 1-1.5 mm) with 8 raised nerves, rigid, erect, dark green and have a fine point at the tip; aninconspicuous gland occurs 4-10 mm from the base. Small triangular appendages (stipules, 1.5-2 mm) are persistent atthe phyllode base. The light golden flower heads are globular (3-4 mm), 20-flowered, with 1 or 2 borne per axil on longstalks (7-12 mm). Flowers are 5-merous, hairless and have free sepals. Legumes are narrowly oblong (to 25 x 3 mm),shiny, leathery and undulate. Seeds are widely elliptic (2-2.5 mm long), brown and arranged longitudinally in thelegume.

Acacia octonervia is a member of the "A. sulcata group" and is most closely related to A. sulcata which has 6- or 7-nerved phyllodes, golden heads of 10-15 flowers and mottled seeds.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. octonervia occurs in the area between the Fitzgerald and Young Rivers, with a disjunct population near BoxwoodHill. It grows in rocky sand or loam, or sandy clay in open mallee, dense low heath and open dwarf scrub communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 9.9.92 20-50 Good1b Melaleuca Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 1000+ Good2 Melaleuca Rd Esp Rav ?Private 21.10.68 - -3* West Point Rd Esp Rav Shire Rd Res. 10.9.92 200+ Good4* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 2000+ Good

& VCL5* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 Common Good6 Rawlinson Rd Esp Rav ?Shire Rd Res. 20.1.81 - -

15.9.92 Not found -7* Rawlinson Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 15.9.92 200+ Good8 Whoogerup Range Alb Rav NP 7.10.75 - -9 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 30.12.83 - -10 Bandalup Creek Alb Rav VCL 6.10.66 - -11 Middamidup Rd ?Alb ?Rav - 9.79 - -12 Corackerup Alb Jer NR 12.82 Common -13 Monjebup Rd Alb ?Jer Shire Rd Res. 10.76 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

367

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Within the Esperance District, A. octonervia is common in the upper reaches of the Young River catchment area.However, most of the known populations occur on road reserves and are vulnerable in the long term. Occasionalmonitoring is required.

368

Acacia pritzeliana C.A.Gardner MIMOSACEAE

A shrub, up to 1 m tall, with few openly spreading branches that are covered in short white hairs. Phyllodes are almostcylindrical but laterally flattened (4-7 x 1.5 mm), sparsely hairy and have a spine at the tip. Appendages at the base ofthe phyllodes (stipules) are rigid and spinescent. The golden flower heads are globular (4 mm), 20-flowered and bornesingly in the axils of phyllodes on long purplish stalks (10 mm). Flowers are 5-merous. Legumes are cylindrical, long(about 65 x 3 mm), smooth, pendulous and red-brown.

Flowering Period: May - June

Distribution and Habitat

Acacia pritzeliana is widespread between the Young River and Mt Ragged extending northwards to Kumarl, a range ofabout 250 km. A disjunct population occurs near Spargoville. It grows in sandy loamy soil in woodlands and malleescrub. Associated species may include Eucalyptus salmonophloia and E. diptera.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Spargoville,S Gold Cool MRWA Rd Res. 5.66 - -2a Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 25+ Post-fire2b* Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 2 Post-fire2c* Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 20+ Post-fire2d* Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 2 Post-fire3 Mt Ragged,SW Esp Esp NP 17.1.66 - -4 Thomas River Esp Esp - 1938 - -5a Clyde Hill,E Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 100+ Good5b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 Frequent Good5c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Good6* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 20+ Good7a Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 4.83 - -7b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 5+ Post-fire7c* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 10+ Good7d* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 50+ Post-fire7e* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good8 Mt Ney,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 10+ Good9 Mt Ney,NW Esp Esp VCL 15.8.85 - -10a Dingo Rock,SE Esp Esp VCL 12.5.90 Common -10b* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 3+ Good10c* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 Occasional Good10d* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 10+ Good11a Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 10+ Good11b* Norwood Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 5+ Good12a Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 9.79 - -

24.9.92 Not found -12b Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 5+ Good12c* Scaddan East Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.9.92 1 Fair12d* Scaddan,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 1 Fair13 Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 25.9.83 - -Known Populations (cont’d)

369

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

14 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 5 Good15a Salmon Gums Esp Esp - 24.9.92 - -15b Salmon Gums Esp Esp Research Stn 10.8.51 - -16 Kumarl Esp Esp - 7.38 - -17a Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 13.9.92 15 Fair17b* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 5+ Good17c* Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 5+ Good18 Dunn Swamp,E Esp ?Esp ?VCL 15.11.80 Rare -19* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 2 Vulnerable20* Parmango Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.11.93 20+ Good21* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 1 Fair22* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.9.92 3 Good23* Scaddan,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 24.4.92 5+ Good24* Mt Burdett,S Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 25.9.92 5+ Good25* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 15+ Good26* Balladonia Rd Esp Esp NP 24.4.93 5+ Good27* Mt Heywood,NW Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 3+ Good28* Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 Occasional Good29* Mt Ridley,W Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 5+ Good30* Mt Buraminya Esp Esp VCL 14.11.93 1 Good31* Salmon Gums,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 17.11.92 5+ Good32* Cascades Rd Esp Esp NR 9.9.93 20 Good

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Following fire, A. pritzeliana resuckers; some plants (pop. no. 7d) were observed to have spent pods and were againflowering 28 months after fire.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. pritzeliana is widely distributed north-west and north-east of Esperance. Rather than having discrete populations,this species tends to have only a few scattered plants at any locality, which may account for it being poorly known.

This species is known to occur in three Nature Reserves and in Cape Arid National Park where it is relatively commonand not threatened.

References

Gardner (1939b).

370

Acacia singula R.S.Cowan & Maslin MIMOSACEAE

An erect shrub, 0.4-2 m tall. Phyllodes ('leaves') are linear (25-45 x 1.5-4 mm) and sometimes slightly wider towardsthe apex, semi-rigid, the 1-7 nerves are slightly to strongly raised and the tip has a fine curved point. The golden flowerheads are oval to oblong (6-9 x 4-4.5 mm), solitary in the phyllode axils on stalks that are short (to 3 mm) or absent.Flowers are 4-merous. Legumes are linear (to 65 x 3.5 mm wide) and strongly raised over and constricted between theseeds. Seeds are broadly elliptic (3 mm), arranged longitudinally in the legume, and dull black with an appendage (aril)two-thirds as long as the seed.

Acacia singula is closely related to A. multispicata which has cylindrical to compressed phyllodes, paired flower heads(spikes) in each axil, longer legumes and proportionately shorter appendages on the seeds.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

A. singula occurs between Lake Grace and Cascade, a range of about 220 km. It grows in gravelly sand over laterite,sometimes on rises and hilltops, in heath, scrub and mallee shrubland communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 500+ Post-dist.2 Hatter Hill Esp Rav - 27.10.92 1000+ Good3 Hatter Hill,N Esp Rav VCL 8.12.84 Frequent -4 Sth Ironcap,S Mer Kon VCL 8.12.84 - -5 Lake Grace,E Kat LG MRWA Rd Res. 13.9.80 - -6 Lake King,N Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 16.9.64 - -7 Lake King,S Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 6.10.66 - -8 Lake King,W Kat LG ?MRWA Rd Res. 11.9.64 - -9 Newdegate,SW Kat LG NR 1.79 - -

Response to Disturbance

Plants regenerate well in disturbed areas but may be vulnerable to further clearing.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

The known populations of A. singula are widely distributed. In the Esperance District both of the known populationsare vulnerable. The Hatter Hill population (no. 2) is threatened by clearing from mining activities. A portion of theWest Point Rd population (no. 1) coincides with a Shire gravel pit. Monitoring of these populations and further surveyare required.

371

Adenanthos gracilipes A.S.George PROTEACEAE

An erect shrub, to 1.5 m tall, with a lignotuber. Branches are sparsely covered with short hairs when young whichdisappear with age. Leaves are rigid, cylindrical (20 mm) and mostly divided into 3 segments which are again dividedin two. Flowers are solitary or rarely in pairs and borne on short stalks (3 mm) at the ends of branches. The perianth(17-18 mm) is cream or pink at the swollen base and the narrow tube is red-pink and covered in white hairs on theoutside; inside is hairless. The ovary (1 mm) is hairy and the style (30 mm) lacks hairs.

Flowering Period: July - March

Distribution and Habitat

Adenanthos gracilipes is distributed between Lake Cronin and Peak Charles, a range of 150 km. It grows in deepsiliceous sand in open mallee-heath. Associated species include Callitris spp., Hakea corymbosa, Melaleuca subtrigonaand Calytrix decandra.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 90 Mile Tank,E Esp Esp VCL 15.9.64 - -2 Peak Charles,N Esp Esp NP & VCL 18.9.93 500+ Post-fire3a Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 16.9.93 100+ Good3b Frank Hann Esp Esp NP 17.9.93 20+ Good4 Tadpole Lake,S Esp Esp NP 21.7.79 Frequent -5 Round Top Hill,SSW Esp Dund VCL 1.11.79 Scattered -6 Hyden,E Esp Dund VCL 7.9.73 - -7 Forrestania,E Esp Dund VCL 25.11.64 - -8 Lake Hope Esp Dund VCL 18.1.78 - -9 Lake Varley-Lake King Kat LG - 1965 - -

Response to Disturbance

Thirty-two months after a hot fire in January 1991, plants which had resuckered from rootstock were flowering; noseedlings were seen.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

A. gracilipes appears widespread in Frank Hann National Park and in Crown Land to the north and east, a remote areawhich has been poorly surveyed due to the lack of access. At present, this species does not appear to be threatened.

References

George (1974), Nelson (1978).

372

Allocasuarina eriochlamys CASUARINACEAEsubsp. grossa (L.A.S.Johnson) L.A.S.Johnson

A dense shrub or small tree, to 3 m tall. Articles (a section of modified stem that breaks at a joint) are 9-18 mm longand 1 mm diameter, not ridged; there are 8-11 teeth (0.5-1 mm). Male spikes (16-35 mm) have 10-11 whorls per cm.Cones (20-30 x 14-21 mm) are borne on stalks (4-15 mm); bracts are thickened laterally so that the base appears 2-lobed; bracteoles protrude prominently beyond the cone body, have an acute apex and an indentation below the apex.

Allocasuarina eriochlamys subsp. grossa is distinguished from A. campestris by having more prominent and thickercone bracts, and the bracteole has an indentation below the apex whereas it is close to the apex in A. campestris. Conesare smaller (16 x 13 mm) in A. campestris.

Flowering Period: Not known

Distribution and Habitat

A. eriochlamys subsp. grossa grows on granite outcrops near Norseman and west of Coolgardie, a range of 160 km.Associated species include Eucalyptus websteriana, A. helmsii and A. campestris.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Norseman,N Esp Dund - 8.9.66 - -1b Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 29.8.74 - -1c Norseman,E Esp Dund - 6.9.62 - -1d Norseman Esp Dund - 2.35 - -1e Beacon Hill Esp Dund - 4.9.68 - -2 Woolyeenyer Hill Esp Dund - 14.3.80 Scattered -3 Sinclair Soak,NE Esp Dund - 10.8.80 Common -4 Zanthus-Cocklebiddy Esp Dund - 10.64 - -5a Bulla Bulling,W Gold Cool - 7.9.66 - -5b Bulla Bulling Gold Cool - 4.63 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A. eriochlamys subsp. grossa is poorly collected, which may be due to its similarity to A. campestris which is commonand widespread in the same range as this taxon. It is not known to occur in any conservation reserve. Further survey isrequired.

References

Wilson and Johnson (1989).

373

Banksia lullfitzii C.A.Gardner PROTEACEAE

A dense, rather tangled shrub, 1.5 m tall, with a lignotuber. Branches are rigid, erect and covered in soft hairs. Leavesare scattered, linear (200-450 x 8-18 mm), hairy becoming smooth, dentate with well spaced, sharp-pointed, regularteeth. The golden-orange to orange-brown flower heads are ovoid-cylindrical (4-13 x 8-10 cm), hidden amongst thefoliage and borne on erect short branchlets. The perianth (34-49 mm including limb of 5-6 mm) is hairy outside andsmooth inside. Up to 30 elliptic fruits (15-25 x 8-10 mm) are borne per head.

Banksia lullfitzii is closely related to B. elderiana which has very similar leaves, but the yellow flower heads arependulous and the perianth lacks hairs.

Flowering Period: March - May

Distribution and Habitat

B. lullfitzii is distributed from north of Koolyanobbing to near Ravensthorpe, a range of over 300 km. It grows in yellowsand on plains, in heath and tall shrubland communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Koorarawalyee Gold Cool - 16.5.66 - -2 Boorabbin Gold Cool NP 3.10.73 - -3 Queen Victoria Rock,S Gold Cool - - - -4 Yellowdine,E Mer Yil - 4.2.66 - -5 Bungalbin Hill,NE Mer Yil VCL 22.9.81 1 -6 Brontie Mer Yil Pastoral Lease 14.12.26 - -7 Aurora Range,NE ?Mer Yil - - - -8 Duri,S Gold Cool VCL 23.9.79 Rare -9 Vermin Proof Fence Esp Rav ?VCL 11.67 - -?10 Ninety Mile Tank,W Esp Dund ?NP 1991 - ?Burnt

Response to Disturbance

According to George (1987), B. lullfitzii is fire-tolerant, resprouting from a lignotuber.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible but occurs outside the area where Phytophthora is likely to be a threat.

Summary and Recommendations

B. lullfitzii is poorly known. A population is recorded in the Banksia Atlas (Taylor 1985) as occurring near Ninety MileTank; there is no specimen in the Western Australian Herbarium to authenticate this locality. A fire in January 1991burnt Ninety Mile Tank and surrounding areas. Resurvey is required once populations are reproductively mature. In1993, surveys in the general area found B. elderiana only.

Leigh et al. (1984) recommended an extension of the western edge of the Boorabbin National Park to include theKoorarawalyee population.

Further survey is required.

References

George (1981, 1987), Holliday and Watton (1975), Leigh et al. (1984), Taylor (1985).

374

Boronia fabianoides (Diels) Paul G.Wilson RUTACEAE

A low shrub, 15-40 cm tall, with branches sparsely to densely covered in short hairs. The yellow-green leaves are near-opposite or alternate, frequently crowded, slender-cylindrical (5-15 mm), covered in small wart-like protuberances andlack hairs. The small flowers are axillary and borne on short stalks (1-2 mm). The 4 petals are broadly elliptic (3-5mm), have a prominent thickened midrib and are usually cream-coloured, but may be pale pink, pale blue or mauve.The stalks (filaments) of the stamens are fringed with hairs; the hemispherical ovary (1 mm) is shiny with a minute style(0.5 mm). Seed is ellipsoidal (2 mm).

Flowering Period: September - December

Distribution and Habitat

Boronia fabianoides is mainly distributed between Salmon Gums and Clyde Hill, a range of about 120 km. Twopopulations have been found between Norseman and Balladonia. It grows on flat or undulating plains in browncalcareous loam, in woodland and shrub communities. Associated species include Eucalyptus oleosa, Melaleucauncinata, Westringia rigida, Spyridium mucronatum, S. minutum and Acacia profusa.

Plants with affinity to B. fabianoides have been found further north, near Norseman and the Woodline Hills.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Grass Patch,N Esp Esp - 2.11.01 - -2 Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 23.9.92 10+ Good3* Grass Patch,W Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 2 Disturbed4* Truslove,N Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 23.9.93 15 Good5* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Disturbed6a Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 15+ Seedl. Post-fire6b Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.11.80 Scattered -6c* Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 21.5.93 5+ Good7a Clyde Rock Rd Esp Esp VCL 8.84 - -7b* Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 10+ Seedl. Post-fire8 Cox Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 15.10.82 - -

22.9.92 Not found -9 Salmon Gums,ENE Esp Esp NR 18.11.93 2+ Good10* Norseman,ENE Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 1 Good11 Balladonia,NW Esp Dund - 12.11.76 - -12 Dundas-Lake Lefroy Esp Dund - 1893 - -

* = new population / sub-population

Response to Disturbance

Readily grows in situations that have been disturbed, for example, along the edges of tracks. Twenty-eight months aftera fire (January 1991) north-west of Clyde Hill, numerous seedlings were found on a track.

375

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

B. fabianoides is an inconspicuous plant which has been poorly collected.

B. fabianoides occurs on Crown Land north of the agricultural area and is not currently threatened by clearing. A fewplants have been found on the eastern boundary of the Salmon Gums Nature Reserve. Further opportunistic survey isrecommended.

References

Wilson (1970).

376

Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula Hopper and A.P.Brown ms ORCHIDACEAERigid White Spider Orchid

A distinctive orchid, 25-40 cm tall. Each plant has up to 3 white flowers (7-12 x 6-10 cm) with stiffly held petals andsepals; the dorsal sepal bends forwards over the flower while the rear lower sepals are held backwards horizontally andthe front sepals hang down; the long labellum fringe and calli are red-purple. Leaves are 10-25 cm long and 6-20 mmwide.

Similar taxa which grow in the same range as Caladenia longicauda subsp. rigidula ms are: subsp. australora mswhich has all 4 lower sepals hanging down; and the smaller flowered (4-6 x 4-5 cm) C. cruscula ms which has areclining habit.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

C. longicauda subsp. rigidula is widely distributed along the eastern south coast, between Pallarup Rocks and MtRagged, a range of 350 km. It grows around rock outcrops and other winter wet areas in sand, loam and sandy clay.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Wittenoom Hills Esp Esp NR 25.9.92 50+ Good2 Mt Ney,SW Esp Esp - 9.8.80 - -3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 7.84 - -4 Kau Rocks Esp Esp VCL 1.9.84 - -5 Howick Hill Esp Esp Private 19.9.68 - -6 Swamp Reserve Esp Esp - 1.9.77 - -7 Juranda Rockhole Esp Esp VCL 16.8.80 - -8 Pine Hill Esp Esp NP 16.8.80 - -9 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 15.8.80 - -10 Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 14.8.80 - -11 Coomalbidgup Esp Esp Shire Water Res. 9.77 - -12 Howick Rd Esp Esp NR 5.9.78 - -13 Swan Lagoon Esp Esp NR 24.9.92 1000+ Good14 Ashdale Esp Esp - 8.9.65 - -15* Lort River Esp Esp VCL 20.9.93 4 Good?16 West River Alb Rav VCL 19.8.77 - -17 Ravensthorpe,E Alb Rav - 22.9.79 - -18 Pallarup Rock Kat LG NR 6.9.84 30 -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

377

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed not susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

C. longicauda subsp. rigidula is widespread in the Esperance District. It has been collected in seven nature reserves andCape Arid National Park; it should therefore be secure.

References

Hoffman and Brown (1992).

378

Centrolepis cephaloformis CENTROLEPIDACEAEsubsp. murrayi (J.M.Black) D.A.Cooke

A small, moss-like annual herb forming dense, rounded tufts, 4-8 mm tall and 8-15 mm wide. The green leaves arelinear (3-9 mm), sometimes bend backwards, have a sheathing base and a translucent sharp tip. Flower heads (2-3 x 1-1.6 mm) are nestled amongst the inner leaves and have only 1 bisexual flower; 2 primary bracts tightly enclose the head;carpels 8-10; the style is free.

Centrolepis cephaloformis subsp. murrayi can be distinguished from subsp. cephaloformis as it has solitary flowers,while subsp. cephaloformis has 3 flowers per head. It differs from C. humillima by having 2 floral bracts (not 1), morenumerous carpels and the free style.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

C. cephaloformis subsp. murrayi is known only from four widely separated localities. It was first collected on NorthPearson Island in South Australia, and has since been found in the Archipelago of the Recherche, near Bremer Bay andinland from Kalbarri. It has been found in seepages over granite rock, near a watercourse and on a saline flat.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Boxer Island Esp Esp NR 8.11.50 - -2 Mt Cooper,NNW Alb Jer - 9.10.87 1 Patch -3 Ajana,W Ger Nthn - 23.8.65 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

C. cephaloformis subsp. murrayi is a minute annual that is poorly known, but has possibly been overlooked because ofits small size. It has been collected only four times in the last 70 years. Further survey is required.

References

Black (1923, 1960), Cooke (1980).

379

Chorizema ulotropis J.M.Taylor & Crisp PAPILIONACEAE

A straggling, sparse shrub, to 45 cm tall, and often tangled amongst other shrubs. Leaves are linear (8-20 x 1 mm), nearopposite or alternate, stalked, finely sharp-pointed and sometimes hooked at the tip; margins are rolled tightlybackwards towards the midrib (revolute) which is prominent on the underside; basal appendages (stipules) are absent.Up to 10 flowers are borne in head-like clusters (racemes, 10-15 mm) at the ends of branches. The calyx (6-8 mm) isdensely covered in fine, long white or grey hairs; lobes are acute at the tip, the lower lobes are divided for more than orequal to half the length of the calyx, the upper 2 lobes are united but have free tips. The corolla has a large slightlyreflexed petal (8-10 x 8-11 mm) which is dented in the middle on the margin and coloured orange-yellow on the upperside and dark red-brown underneath; the wings are yellow and red-brown and shaped like an ear lobe (7.5-10 x 1-2 mm);the narrow keel which often protrudes between the wing-petals is orange-yellow at the base and dark red-brown at thetip which narrows to a point (2-4 mm) and is often curled. Stamens are all free. The ovary is covered in long, silkywhite hairs. Legumes are fleshy (5-7.5 x 3-4 mm).

Chorizema ulotropis has affinity to C. cytisoides, C. obtusifolium, C. circinale and C. uncinatum all of which havebroader leaves (>1.5 mm).

Flowering Period: August - September

Distribution and Habitat

C. ulotropis mainly grows in the Jerramungup area, although one specimen has been collected near Young River. Itgrows on flat or undulating plains in sand, gravelly sand or sandy clay, in mallee-heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations (List incomplete as specimens on loan)

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Young River Esp Esp - - -2 Ravensthorpe,W Alb Rav - 14.8.82 - -3a Jerramungup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 17.9.83 - -3b Jerramungup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 12.9.66 - -4 Needilup Hill Alb Jer - 16.8.64 - -5 Ongerup,E Alb Jer MRWA Rd Res. 23.8.63 - -6 Ongerup,W Alb Gno - 22.8.62 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

No populations are known in any conservation reserve. Further survey is required.

References

Taylor and Crisp (1992).

380

Cypselocarpus haloragoides (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. GYROSTEMONACEAE

A sprawling, short-lived herb, 10-15 cm tall and up to 1 m diameter, which divides at ground level into 4-7 prostrateslender stems. Leaves are narrow-elliptical (7-20 x 3-5 mm), acute at the tip, lack stalks, semi-succulent and arescattered along the branches. Separate male and female inflorescences are borne singly on short stalks (1 mm) in leafaxils at the ends of branches. Male flowers are small (3 mm across), pale yellow, with 8-10 anthers which are 2-celled.Female flowers are similar to male flowers, the near cylindrical ovary (2 mm) is smooth with a recessed apex; the stigmais 3-lobed and fringed with hairs. The fruit is an enlarged, barrel-shaped carpel (4-6 mm).

Cypselocarpus haloragoides has a similar habit to Gyrostemon prostratus which has succulent, linear leaves (3-5 mm).

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

C. haloragoides is distributed between the Stirling Range and Israelite Bay, a range of 550 km. It grows in well-drainedsand on coastal dunes and on sandplain. Associated species include Sporobolus sp., Acacia cyclops, Scaevolacrassifolia, Dryandra armata and Melaleuca leptospermoides.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Israelite Bay Esp Esp NR 22.10.60 - -2 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 26.4.93 50+ Good3 Mt Baring,N Esp Esp NP 12.10.83 15 -

25.4.93 Not found -4a Esperance Esp Esp - 12.56 - -4b Esperance Esp Esp - 8.62 - -5 Jerdacuttup Lakes Alb Rav NR 15.10.83 Common Post-fire6 Ravensthorpe,WSW Alb Rav NP 17.9.79 1 Disturbed7 Woolbernup Hill,NE Alb Rav NP 22.11.85 Rare -8 Devils Creek Rd Alb Jer - 1960s Few -9 Bremer Bay Alb Jer - - - -10 Bremer Bay,S Alb Jer - 18.6.74 Common -11 Bremer Bay Alb Jer Golf Club 31.8.76 - -12 Bremer Bay,W Alb Jer - 12.9.87 Scattered Post-fire13 Chester Pass Rd Alb Gno NP 3.9.69 - Post-fire14 Salt River Rd Kat Cbk - 17.11.82 Common Post-fire15 Camel Lake Kat Cbk NR 28.20.83 - Post-fire

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist. It has usually been found on sandplain after fire or on near-shore sand dunes.

381

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

C. haloragoides occurs in the Stirling Range, Fitzgerald River and Cape Arid National Parks and in two NatureReserves.

Perry (1992) indicates that the specimens housed in the Western Australian Herbarium under this name are veryvariable, suggesting that more than one taxon may be involved. Further taxonomic work is recommended.

References

George (1982), Newbey (1983), Perry (1992).

382

Dicrastylis obovata Munir CHLOANTHACEAE

An erect, openly branching shrub, 60-90 cm tall. The greyish green leaves are broadest above the middle (obovate, 0.7-1.5 x 3-7 mm), obtuse at the tip, almost hairless, leathery when dry and overlap towards the ends of branches. Denseclusters of flowers (panicle, 35-60 x 20-25 mm in outline) are borne on long stalks (5-6 mm) which are further arrangedin groups (cyme) with individual flower stalks (2-4 mm) covered in grey felt-like hairs. Flowers are mostly 5-merous,with a bracteole on either side of the bract. The calyx (1-2 mm) is covered in short, greyish felt-like hairs, and the palegrey or white corolla (4-5 mm) is sparsely hairy. Five stamens (sometimes 4) are much exserted beyond the corolla.The ovary (1 mm) is densely white hairy.

Flowering Period: July, October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Dicrastylis obovata is known to occur in the Frank Hann National Park and further north, near Lake Hope, a range ofabout 50 km. It grows in deep yellow sand in shrub communities associated with Melaleuca uncinata and Grevilleaexcelsior.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 13.11.79 Frequent -17.9.93 1 only Vulnerable

2(?=1) Ninety Mile Tank,W Esp Dund VCL 17.10.74 - -3 Forrestania-Lake Hope Esp Dund VCL 25.11.64 - -

Response to Disturbance

Appears to be a disturbance opportunist.

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. obovata is very poorly known and possibly rare. All of the D. obovata collections which have been recorded fromFrank Hann National Park appear to be from the one locality; the population (no. 2) recorded by both H. Demarz and E.Witter (17.10.74) as "W of Ninety Mile Tank", would also be at the same locality if they travelled the Lake King-Norseman Rd. In 1993, a survey relocated the population (no. 1) in Frank Hann National Park, and only one plant wasfound alongside the road where the verge had been disturbed. Further survey is required.

References

Munir (1978).

383

Dodonaea trifida F.Muell. SAPINDACEAE

An erect shrub, to 1 m tall, with separate male and female flowers. The spreading branches are densely hairy. Leavesare triangular (7-12 x 4-10 mm) and 3-lobed above the middle, rarely dividing again, lack stalks, smooth or sparselyhairy on margin and midrib, leathery, and margins are slightly rolled backwards (revolute). Clusters of 3-5 flowers areborne on short stalks (1-2 mm) at the ends of branches. Male flowers have 8 stamens with large anthers (2-3 x 0.8 mm)that have an hairy appendage at the apex. Female flowers have a densely hairy, oblong ovary (1.5 mm) comprising 3carpels. Fruits are 3-angled capsules which are dark red or brown tinged with purple at maturity, and bear 1-4 seeds thatare black and shiny.

Flowering Period: August - November

Fruiting Period: November - January

Distribution and Habitat

Dodonaea trifida is widely distributed between Albany and the Oldfield River, a range of about 300 km. It grows ingrey loamy sand, rocky loam, clay or gravelly soils, and is most often found on hillsides, as an undershrub in coastalscrub or low woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Ravensthorpe,E Esp Rav - 5.8.72 - -2 Kundip Alb Rav VCL 20.11.66 - -3 Thumb Peak Alb Rav NP 27.10.67 - -4 Fitzgerald River Alb ?Rav NP 1970 - -5 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer NP 18.9.86 Scattered -6 Millars Point Alb Jer Shire Res. 17.11.92 300+ Healthy7 Cape Riche Alb Alb Shire Res. 3.11.92 50+ Healthy8 Mt Melville Alb Alb Shire Res. 22.11.64 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

D. trifida should remain secure in the Fitzgerald River National Park. Further survey is required.

References

Robinson and Coates (1995), West (1984b).

384

Dryandra viscida A.S.George PROTEACEAE[= Dryandra sp. 16 (A.S.George 9446)]

A dense, rounded shrub, to 1 m tall, without a lignotuber. Branches are hairy and densely leaved. Leaves are linear(150-350 x 5-10 mm) and cut into close, acute, short (3-6 mm), triangular lobes on both sides almost to the midrib.Flower heads are golden yellow and closely successive at the ends of branches. The perianth limb (55 mm) and bractsare hairy and sticky. Seed capsules are oblong (15 mm), sparsely hairy and sticky.

This taxon has affinity to Dryandra horrida.

Flowering Period: July

Distribution and Habitat

D. viscida is known from Hatter Hill, Digger Rocks, and the Ironcaps, where it grows in stony red-yellow loam in lowscrub, associated with Grevillea, Acacia and Allocasuarina.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Hatter Hill Esp Rav VCL 27.10.92 1000+ Good2 South Ironcap Nar Kon - 8.7.79 Frequent -3 Middle Ironcap Nar Kon - 2.10.86 - -4 Digger Rocks,W Nar Kon - - - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible but occurs outside the area where Phytophthora is considered to be a threat.

Summary and Recommendations

Monitoring of the population at Hatter Hill is essential. Although mining activity has currently ceased, the population isvulnerable to future disturbance. Liaison with the mining tenement holder is needed.

Further survey is required. D. viscida is not known in any conservation reserve.

385

Eremophila purpurascens Chinnock MYOPORACEAE

A shrub, to 1.5 m tall, with branches that are densely covered with wart-like, slightly raised glands. Leaves are alternate,mostly clustered at the branch tips, very thick, almost fleshy, broader towards the tip and gradually tapering to the base(obovate-spathulate, 5-13 x 2-7 mm), apex obtuse, but the tip is pointed and curved backwards; the lower surface haswarty protuberances. Single flowers are borne in the leaf axils on long, purplish, S-shaped stalks (10-25 mm) that arecovered in short, glandular and non-glandular hairs. The 5 calyx lobes are divided to the base, broad obovate (8-11 x 6-8 mm), overlap one another, mostly purple and covered in glandular hairs on both sides. The corolla is yellow withpurple spots in bud, and the open flower is light purple with dark purple spots and inside the short tube (10-12 mm) isyellow in the lower portion. The 4 stamens extend slightly beyond the tube; the ovary is smooth. Fruits are conical (4 x3 mm), drying black and have a wrinkled exterior. Seeds are small (2 x 0.5 mm), oblong and white.

Eremophila purpurascens is closely related to E. alternifolia which has less warty branches and linear leaves (20-35 x1-4 mm).

Flowering Period: September - October

Distribution and Habitat

E. purpurascens is restricted to the granite hills around Norseman, with a known range of less than 15 km. It grows inrocky, red-brown loam in low shrub and woodland communities. Associated species include Melaleuca uncinata andTriodia spp.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund Unvested Res. 19.11.92 200+ Good1b Norseman,ENE Esp Dund ?VCL 18.11.93 2+ Good2 Norseman,NE Esp Dund - 29.8.74 - -3 Norseman,NW Esp Dund VCL 24.10.67 - -4 Lake Cowan Esp Dund VCL 11.9.76 - -5 Norseman Hills Esp Dund - 27.9.31 - -6 Norseman,S Esp Dund - 21.10.64 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. purpurascens appears to very geographically restricted. The majority of localities where this species grows arecovered by mining leases. Further intensive survey of hills and ridges in the vicinity of Norseman is required.

References

Chinnock (1979).

386

Eucalyptus brockwayi C.A.Gardner MYRTACEAEDundas Mahogany

An erect tree, up to 25 m tall. Bark is smooth to patchy, white or grey peeling in patches to expose fresh bark that issalmon pink to bronze. The juvenile leaves are pale green, hairy, crowded, and lack stalks, linear (30 x 5 mm)becoming elliptical (20-70 x 5-30 mm). Adult leaves are stalked, green and glossy, narrow-lanceolate (70-130 x 7-15mm) with a very dense network of veins and apparently lack oil glands. Each inflorescence has 11-15 buds borne on anrounded or slightly angular stalk (peduncle, 5-14 mm). Individual buds (7-8 x 3-4 mm) are on very short stalks, smooth,have a bluntly conical bud cap that is shorter than the calyx tube, and a scar where the cap joins the tube. Flowers arewhite. Fruits are almost globular/urn-shaped (urceolate, 5-7 x 5-7 mm) with a thin rim, a descending disc, and 3 or 4enclosed valves. Seed is smooth, grey, compressed ovoid, with longitudinal grooves.

Flowering Period: April - June

Distribution and Habitat

Eucalyptus brockwayi occurs around Norseman, over a 50 km range. It grows in red sandy, often gravelly loam, on flator gently sloping ground, in open woodland. Associated species include E. flocktoniae, E. dundasii, E. lesouefii, E.griffithsii, E. salmonophloia and Acacia merrallii.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Norseman,W Esp Dund - 15.12.40 - -1b Norseman,W Esp Dund - 7.2.66 - -1c Norseman,W Esp Dund - 6.46 - -2 Norseman Esp Dund - 1.36 - -3 Norseman,NNW Esp Dund - 27.4.88 - -4a Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 21.6.78 Abundant -4b Mt Thirsty Esp Dund ?VCL 27.1.67 - -5 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 2.11.92 15 Good6 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 1.2.79 Dominant -7 Norseman,NW Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 20.11.92 20+ Good8 Norseman,NW Esp Dund VCL 20.11.92 Frequent Good9a Norseman,SE Esp Dund - 11.11.70 - -9b Norseman,SE Esp Dund ?VCL (Mining Lease) 18.9.78 - -9c* Norseman,SSE Esp Dund ?VCL 19.11.92 4 Good10 Norseman,S Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 29.3.68 - -11 Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 19.9.78 - -12 Woolyeenyer Hill Esp Dund - 14.3.80 Very common -13 Jimberlana Hill Esp Dund - 18.11.87 - -14* Brockway Esp Dund Timber Res. 18.11.92 14+ Good

* = new population

387

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. brockwayi is widespread around Norseman, although most of the known populations are small. Up to 26 km north-west of Norseman, along the Norseman-Coolgardie Highway, and westwards along a track towards Theatre Rock, E.brockwayi is frequent, but never abundant, with only 3 to 6 widely scattered trees at any particular locality. It is notknown to occur in any conservation reserve.

A timber reserve has been proposed for an area between Theatre Rocks and Lake Cowan, which would includeE. brockwayi and E. pterocarpa populations (Henry-Hall 1990). Further action on this proposal is required.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Gardner (1942), Henry-Hall (1990).

388

Eucalyptus creta L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill MYRTACEAELarge-fruited Gimlet

A tree, to 10 m tall, with coarsely fluted stems and shining, smooth, bronze to coppery bark. Adult leaves are lanceolateor narrow-lanceolate (60-100 x 10-18 mm) with a sparse network of veins and large oil glands, thick, bright green anddistinctly glossy. Up to 3 flowers are borne per inflorescence; stalks are very short (1-3 mm) or absent. Buds areglobular to ovoid (about 15 mm wide) with conical to hooked bud caps. Flowers are creamy yellow. Fruits are broadlyhemispherical, (9-12 x 15-21 mm), 2-winged, 4-5 valved and have a broad, raised scar (1.5-2.5 mm wide) from the budcap.

Eucalyptus creta is related to E. diptera which has smaller buds (10-14 x 7-11 mm) and fruits (7-11 x 10-15 mm).

Flowering Period: May - June

Distribution and Habitat

E. creta has a scattered distribution north-east of Mt Ridley, with a known range of about 50 km. It grows on brownclay loam, in woodland or very open tree mallee and heath, associated with Melaleuca and Acacia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Sheoak Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 350+ Good2 Sheoak Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -3 Sheoak Hill,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.84 - -4 Clyde Rock,NNW Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -5 Mt Beaumont,N Esp Esp VCL 12.84 - -6 Wittenoom Hills,N Esp Esp VCL 16.9.70 - -7 Salmon Gums,N Esp Esp - 15.12.40 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. creta is distributed in a remote area which is not threatened by clearing for agriculture. Resurvey of knownpopulations and further opportunistic survey are required.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Johnson and Hill (1991).

389

Eucalyptus exigua Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE

An erect mallee, about 3.5 m tall, with smooth bark. The grey-green juvenile leaves are ovate (to 70 x 40 mm), whileadult leaves are narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate (60-110 x 8-19 mm) and glossy light green. Up to 11 stalked buds areborne on a rounded stalk (peduncle, 7-19 mm). Bud caps are very short (2 mm) and very constricted at the join with thecalyx tube (5 mm + 3 mm stalk). Flowers are white. Fruits are cup-shaped with 3 or 4 valves to rim level or enclosed;the disc is descending and the rim thin.

Eucalyptus exigua is closely related to E. brachycorys which occurs near wet depressions in the northern and centralWheatbelt. E. brachycorys grows up to 6 m tall, has a rough basal stocking and has smaller buds and fruits thanE. exigua.

Flowering Period: ?February

Distribution and Habitat

E. exigua occurs in the Lake Cronin area, with a known distribution of about 75 km. It grows on sandplain or in lowlying areas, in sandy loam, loam or clay loam in open woodland or mallee-heath communities. Associated species mayinclude E. dundasii, E. calycogona, E. eremophila, E. foecunda and E. sheathiana.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Day,W Esp Dund VCL 7.11.83 - -1b Hyden-Norseman Rd Esp Dund VCL 7.11.83 Frequent -1c Cross Roads,E Esp Dund VCL 6.4.85 - -2 McDermid Rock,SW Esp Dund VCL 15.7.79 Scattered -3a Lake Cronin area Mer Kon VCL 6.2.81 Common -3b Lake Cronin,NE Mer Kon VCL 21.10.86 Frequent -3c Lake Cronin,E Mer Kon VCL 3.10.75 - -4 Lake Cronin,E Mer Kon VCL 3.9.86 - -5 Cross Roads,S Mer Kon VCL 22.7.88 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. exigua is only known from Lake Cronin where it forms the dominant species in the plant community. Resurvey ofknown populations and further survey are required.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990).

390

Eucalyptus famelica Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE

A medium-sized mallee. Bark is smooth, grey or pinkish-brown, sometimes with thin, rough, persistent bark at the base.Young branches are square in cross-section. Juvenile leaves are ovate to broad-lanceolate (80-120 x 30-40 mm) anddull, blue-green. Adult leaves are glossy green, lanceolate (70-90 x 15-20 mm), with a dense network of veins andsparse oil glands. Inflorescences are 7-flowered and borne on a stout, flattened stalk (peduncle, 5-12 mm). Buds (10-15x 5-6 mm) are more or less stalkless, ribbed and have a rounded or conical to beaked bud cap. Flowers are white. Fruitsare cup-shaped to cylindrical (7-9 x 7-8 mm), ribbed, thick-rimmed, and have a descending disc and 3 or 4 enclosedvalves. Seed is brown and shallowly pyramidal in shape.

Eucalyptus famelica is similar to a number of species including: E. rigens which grows in saline habitats, has largerbuds and fruits, and 3-flowered inflorescences; E. incrassata which has slightly larger fruits (8-13 x 7-13 mm) that aredistinctly stalked, and black seeds; and, E. litorea which is known only east of Condingup.

Flowering Period: April - August

Distribution and Habitat

E. famelica is known only from near the coast between the Vermin Proof Fence and the Oldfield River, with a disjunctpopulation occurring about 30 km away, to the north of Munglinup. It grows in large clumps, emergent above lowshrubs in winter-wet depressions in undulating sandplain.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 VPF-Oldfield River Esp Esp NR, Shire Rd 2.2.89 3 000+ GoodRes. & Private

2 Stokes Inlet,NE Esp Esp - 7.5.81 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. famelica appears to be geographically restricted, with about 25% of the known localities occurring on the LakeShaster Nature Reserve where it should remain secure. The remaining populations are on road reserves and privateproperty (N. McQuoid, personal communication). Populations on farmlands are possibly vulnerable to clearing, risingwater tables and excessive salinity.

References

Brooker and Hopper (1989), Brooker and Kleinig (1990).

391

Eucalyptus histophylla Brooker & Hopper MYRTACEAE

A mallee, to 4 m tall. with smooth bark. The bluish-green juvenile leaves are ovate to lanceolate (to 11 x 4 cm), whileadult leaves are narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate (to 11 x 1 cm), held erect and slightly glossy green. Up to 13 spindle-shaped, stalked buds (to 20 x 3 mm) are borne per flattened stalk (peduncle, 10-18 mm). The bud cap is horn-shapedand may be hooked at the tip. Fruits are stalked and cylindrical (to 9 x 5 mm). Seeds are light grey-brown, smooth andsubspherical.

Eucalyptus histophylla is within the series Reduncae and is closely related to E. tumida which has a more southerndistribution in coastal and subcoastal areas, near Esperance. Possible hybrids of E. histophylla x tumida are found nearClyde Hill, Salmon Gums and west of Grass Patch.

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

E. histophylla is known south of Norseman, and between Fraser Range and Balladonia extending southwards to MtBuraminya, a range of over 150 km. It predominantly grows on granite outcrops and may be associated withE eremophila, E. fraseri, E. leptophylla and E. indurata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 1 Good1b Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 60+ Good1c Balladonia,W Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.93 20+ Good3a Boingaring Rocks Esp Dund NR 12.12.90 Common -3b Boingaring Rocks,E Esp Dund NR 21.8.89 - -4 Mt Coobaninya Esp Dund VCL 22.8.89 - -5 Mt Buraminya Esp Dund VCL 23.8.89 - -6a Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -6b Norseman,S Esp Dund ?MRWA Rd Res. 3.1.78 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. histophylla appears to widespread east and south-east of the Fraser Range. It occurs in the Dundas Nature Reserveand Crown Land that is not threatened by clearing. Further opportunistic survey of granite outcrops within the knowndistribution is recommended.

References

Brooker and Hopper (1991), Brooker and Kleinig (1990).

392

Eucalyptus ovularis Maiden & Blakely MYRTACEAESmall-fruited Mallee

A mallee or small tree, to 9 m tall, with grey-brown rough bark on the lower half and smooth pinkish-grey bark above.The rough stocking may be absent on plants growing north-east of Esperance. Leaves are stalked, alternating, narrow-lanceolate (55-90 x 5-8 mm), at first dull, grey-green becoming glossy green with a dense network of veins andnumerous oil glands. More than 7 buds are borne per inflorescence on a slender, angular stalk (peduncle, 8-13 mm).Individual buds are shortly stalked, ovoid (5-6 x 3 mm), with a scar where the bud cap joins the calyx tube. Flowers arewhite. Fruits are borne on short stalks, ovoid to slightly urn-shaped (4-6 x 4 mm), thin rimmed with 3 enclosed valvesand a descending disc. Seed is brown, compressed-ovoid with a distinct, shallow, net-like pattern on the surface.

A species similar to Eucalyptus ovularis, which grows in the Esperance District, is E. myriadena (Bullfinch-SouthernCross-Ravensthorpe) which has smaller, pear-shaped buds (4-5 x 2-3 mm) and very glossy, dark green leaves.

Flowering Period: September - April

Distribution and Habitat

E. ovularis is scattered from east of Ravensthorpe to near Balladonia, a range of about 260 km. It grows on sandy loamsor clays, in open shrub mallee over low scrub. Associated species include E. flocktoniae, E. eremophila and E pileata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Londonderry,S Gold Cool - 29.9.79 Frequent -2 Norseman,N Esp Dund MRWA Rd Res. 27.3.68 - -3 Jyndabinbin Rocks,NE Esp Dund NR 11.12.90 Dominant -4 Mt Willgonarinya Esp Dund VCL 13.12.91 Dominant -5 Balladonia,W Esp Dund - 21.8.79 - -6 Balladonia,SW Esp Dund - 11.5.78 Scattered -7 Junana Rock Esp Esp NP 6.11.86 Dominant -8 Clyde Rock,NW Esp Esp VCL 6.11.86 - -9 Clyde Rock,NE Esp Esp VCL 8.83 - -10 Mt Ney,NNE Esp Esp VCL 8.8.83 - -11 Mt Ney,NNE Esp Esp VCL 6.5.83 - -12 Mt Beaumont,NNE Esp Esp VCL 10.83 - -13 Kumarl,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 5.11.86 Frequent -14 Salmon Gums Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 14.11.87 - -15 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -16 Grass Patch Esp Esp - 31.3.68 - -17* Starcevich Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 24.9.92 20+ Good18 Peak Charles Esp Esp NP 16.11.87 - -

8.1.91 - Burnt19 Fields Rd Esp Esp NP 18.9.93 1+ Good20 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 19.9.93 10+ Good

393

Known Populations (cont’d)

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

21 Rollond Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 6.6.83 - -22 Cups Rd Esp Esp - 24.6.83 - -23 Ravensthorpe,S Alb Rav - 30.5.70 - -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. ovularis is widely scattered in the Esperance District. It is known to occur in the Dundas and Salmon Gums NatureReserves and in the Peak Charles and Cape Arid National Parks, where it should remain secure.

References

Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Burgman (1985b), Maiden and Blakely (1925).

394

Eucalyptus semiglobosa Brooker MYRTACEAE

A mallee or rarely a small tree to 3 m tall. The bark is smooth, mottled grey, whitish or pale coppery. The adult leavesare broad-lanceolate (80-110 x 10-30 mm), grey-green, glossy and have many side veins. Each inflorescence has up to 7buds borne on a cylindrical, usually pendulous stalk (peduncle, 9-21 mm). Buds are stalked (2-8 mm), slightly ribbedbut non-angular (to 13 x 8 mm), and have bud caps that are rounded or hemispherical; a scar is present at the join of thebud cap with the calyx tube. Flowers are white. Fruits are semi-globular (to 10 x 13 mm), thick rimmed and have 4valves that are enclosed but appear exserted due to the persistent style fragments.

Eucalyptus semiglobosa is closely related to subsp. goniantha which occurs north-east of Albany, has ribbed or angularbuds and fruits, and bud caps with an acute, beaked tip. E. semiglobosa is also similar to E. kessellii which has creambuds with pointed bud caps, wide flattened inflorescence stalks (peduncles) and larger ribbed fruits (10-18 x 13-18 mm).

Flowering Period: April - June

Distribution and Habitat

E. semiglobosa has a scattered distribution from Cape Le Grand to near Mt Baring, a range of about 120 km. It growson shallow sandy soil near granite domes, or in grey sand on plains and near wet depressions or watercourses. It growsin dense mallee thicket or in heath communities, associated with E. cooperiana, E. occidentalis, E. uncinata, E. aquilinaor E. ligulata.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Coronet Creek Esp Esp NP 22.4.72 - -2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.87 Frequent -3 Esperance,E Esp Esp - 25.3.68 - -

15.10.74 - -4 Fisheries Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 26.9.92 1 Damaged5 Boyatup Hill Esp Esp VCL 19.4.93 600+ Good6 Logans Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 28.3.83 - -7 Pt Malcolm,W Esp Esp NR 20.9.76 - -8 Mt Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

E. semiglobosa is widely scattered in subcoastal areas east of Esperance. It occurs in the Coolinup Nature Reserve, andCape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks where it should remain secure.

References

Brooker (1976), Brooker and Kleinig (1990), Hill and Johnson (1992).Gahnia sp. Grass Patch (M.A.Burgman 4431) CYPERACEAE

395

A tussock-forming perennial, 40-60 cm tall. Leaves are almost cylindrical and often curled at the tip; a tuft of long,white hairs (3-5 mm) occurs at the top of the 'sheath' (6-7 cm from the plant base). Flowers are arranged in erect, spike-like panicles; the brown spikelets have the stalk and awn covered in rows of minute clear barbs; the 4 or more outerglumes are empty and the flowering glumes closely envelope the flowers and nut.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

Gahnia sp. Grass Patch is common around and near salt lakes between Scaddan and Salmon Gums extending eastwardsto near Parmango Road, a range of over 100 km.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Truslove Esp Esp NR }2 Cox Rd Esp Esp NR }3 Ridley Rd Esp Esp NR } 20.9.88 10 000+ Good4 Salmon Gums Esp Esp NR }5 Howick Rd Esp Esp NR 10.84 - -6 Styles Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 20.9.88 - -7 Lignite Rd Esp Esp ?Shire Rd Res. 20.9.88 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

Surveys by A. Wilson (personal communication) located "tens of thousands" of G. sp. Grass Patch between SalmonGums and Scaddan. It is known in four Nature Reserves, where it should remain secure. Only two specimens arecurrently lodged in the Western Australian Herbarium; further collections are required.

References

Bentham (1878), Burgman (1985b).

396

Grevillea aneura McGill. PROTEACEAE

A dense shrub, to about 2 m tall. Leaves are narrow, rigid and divided, with lobes to 40 mm having sharp, pointed tips.Flowers are red.

Flowering Period: September - November

Distribution and Habitat

Grevillea aneura is mainly distributed between Lake King and Sheoak Hill, a range of 220 km. It grows in sand, sandyclay, or loam in mallee-heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lake King,E Kat LG Shire Rd Res. 26.10.92 20+ Good2 Mt Gibbs,SE Esp Rav NP 11.8.79 1 -3 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 16.9.93 50+ Good4a West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 250+ Good4b* West Point Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 10+ Good4c* Cascades Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 11.9.92 500+ Good5 Fields Rd Esp Esp VCL 13.9.92 5 000+ Good6 Salmon Gums,SW Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 22.1.81 - -7 Salmon Gums,SE Esp Esp ? 11.3.80 Frequent -8a Sheoak Hill,W Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good8b* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 500+ Good8c* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 500+ Good8d* Dingo Rock,S Esp Esp VCL 22.5.93 1 000+ Good9 Clyde Hill,N Esp Esp VCL 7.8.83 - -10a* Fence Rd Kat LG ?VCL 26.10.93 200+ Good10b* Vermin Proof Fence Esp Rav NP 28.10.92 - Good11* Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 16.9.93 100+ Good12* Edwards Rd Esp Esp NR 12.9.92 50 Vulnerable13* Rollond Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 12.9.92 100+ Average14a* Fields Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 14.9.92 50+ Average14b* Fields Rd Esp Esp NR 14.9.92 50+ Good15* Grass Patch,S Esp Esp MRWA Rd Res. 17.11.92 1 Fair

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

397

Recent surveys have found G. aneura to be widespread and relatively common. It is known to occur in the Frank HannNational Park and in two Nature Reserves. Large populations occur between Dingo Rock and Mt Ridley, an area whichis not currently threatened by clearing for agriculture.

References

Olde (1986).

398

Hakea bicornata R.M.Barker PROTEACEAE

A multistemmed, much-branched shrub, 1-1.3 m tall, with a lignotuber. Young branches are densely covered in shorthairs which disappear with age. Leaves are cylindrical (terete, 70-130 x 1.2-1.5 mm), not grooved, smooth whenmature, and have a long spine (1.5-2.5 mm) at the tip which is straight, not recurved. Inflorescences are usually 8-flowered (umbel) developing directly from the leaf axil on a very short stalk which is covered in rust- brown hairs. Thesweet-smelling flowers have hairless stalks (4 mm); the torus is oblique with a gland on the lower side; the creamy-whiteperianth (2.5 mm) lacks hairs and is recurved behind the limb, splitting into 4 free segments; the pollen presenter isconical. The solitary fruits are broadly elliptic (15-22 x 12-15 mm), pale grey with black pustules and have 2conspicuous horns (5-6 mm).

The leaves of Hakea bicornata are very similar to H. adnata, H. drupacea and H. obliqua. They can be distinguishedby the recurved leaf tip of H. adnata, and the longitudinal groove in the leaf of H. drupacea. The flowers of H. obliquaare densely covered in short, silky silvery hairs.

Flowering Period: March - May, August

Distribution and Habitat

H. bicornata is distributed from east of Scaddan to near Mt Baring, a range of over 100 km. It grows in lateritic clay orclay loam over granite, in shrubland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Mt Baring,NNW Esp Esp ?VCL 6.12.60 - -1b Mt Baring,NW Esp Esp VCL 25.4.93 4 Good2* Clyde Hill Esp Esp NR 19.5.93 500+ Good3 Clyde Hill,NW Esp Esp VCL 20.5.93 1 000+ Good4 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 1993 20-30 -5 Dempster Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 2 -6 Freebairns Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 16 -7 Campbells Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 23+ -8 Wittenoom Hills Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 11 -9 Howick Hill,NE Esp Esp ?VCL 1993 60+ -10 Esperance Loc. 1533 Esp Esp Private 1993 130+ -11 Neridup Loc. 232 Esp Esp Private 1993 20+ -12 Scaddan Rd Esp Esp Private & 1993 200-300 -

Shire Rd Res.13 Burdett Esp Esp NR 1993 23+ -14 Fisheries Rd,N Esp Esp - 1993 40+ -15 Coolinup Rd,NW Esp Esp Private 1993 30-40 -16 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp - 1993 200+ -17 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp Shire Rd Res. 1993 300+ -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

399

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

H. bicornata is widespread through the agricultural area east of Scaddan (B. Norris, personal communication), and isknown in three Nature Reserves where it should remain secure.

References

Barker (1990).

400

Hopkinsia adscendens L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs ms RESTIONACEAE

A small rhizomatous sedge, with few culms, 15-50 cm tall and about 1 mm diameter. Rhizomes (5 mm diam.) areconnected by subterranean culms and grow up to 26 cm long. Culm internodes are 15-60 mm long. Sheaths are erect(7-15 mm), slightly loose and obtuse at the apex. A single inflorescence branch (4-12 cm) is borne per sheath axil.Flowers are few; bracts are about equal in length (1.5-3 mm). Male and female flowers are on separate plants; outertepals are shorter (<2 mm) than the inner tepals (>2 mm). Nuts (3 mm) are borne on short stalks and have a persistentstyle base.

Flowering Period: October

Distribution and Habitat

Hopkinsia adscendens ms is relatively widespread around Esperance and has been collected north-east of Albany. Itgrows in small depressions and near watercourses in moist peaty sand with Banksia and Nuytsia.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Lort River Esp Esp ?VCL 11.10.68 - -1b Lort River Esp Esp - 11.9.66 - -2 Young River,W Esp Esp - 16.10.68 - -3 Cape Le Grand Rd Esp Esp - 9.9.66 - -4 Chillinup,E Alb Alb - 23.10.75 Frequent -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

H. adscendens ms has been poorly collected, with only male plants represented in the Western Australian Herbarium.According to B. Briggs (personal communication) this species is "difficult to find even within its range of occurrence".Further survey is required.

401

Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum F.Muell. STERCULIACEAE

An upright to spreading shrub, to 1 m tall, with young branches covered in grey or rust-coloured, short matted hairs.Leaves are dull green, linear-oblong (20 mm), obtuse at the tip, smooth above and covered in white or rust-colouredhairs beneath. Flowers are borne on short stalks in few-flowered clusters (cyme) that are much shorter than the leaves.The sepals (3-4 mm) are covered in fine grey to greenish almost scaly hairs on the outside, while inside is brown andhairless. Bracteoles are small or absent. Petals are much reduced; the style is smooth and the ovary hairy.

Flowering Period: July - September

Distribution and Habitat

Lasiopetalum parvuliflorum is widely distributed between Bremer Bay and Point Malcolm, a range of 400 km. Thisspecies is also known in New South Wales and Victoria. It grows in shallow sandy soil on granite or rocky outcrops, inEucalyptus woodland or mallee heath.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations In Western Australia

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Point Malcolm Esp Esp NR 20.9.76 - -2 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 30.7.90 Frequent -3 Oldfield River Esp Esp - - - -4* Howick Hill,E Esp Esp ?VCL 10.10.92 2 Good5 Point Charles Alb Rav NP 16.7.80 Scattered -6 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer - 26.9.77 Frequent -7 Bremer Bay,NNW Alb Jer - 18.9.86 Rare -

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The genus Lasiopetalum is currently under revision (C. Wilkins, personal communication). At present, the specimens inthe Western Australian Herbarium are poorly classified. Reassessment of the status of L. parvuliflorum should be madeafter the Lasiopetalum collection has been correctly determined.

References

Bentham (1863), Robinson and Coates (1995).

402

Leucopogon apiculatus R.Br. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub, to 1.5 m tall, which is hairless or softly-hairy. Leaves are oblong-lanceolate or almost elliptical (12-20mm), with a flattened point at the tip. Loose clusters of white flowers (spike) are borne in the upper leaf axils. Bractsare narrow-lanceolate and acute; bracteoles are half as long as the calyx. Sepals (3 mm) are often coloured. The corollatube is nearly as long as the calyx, with lobes as long as the tube. The depressed ovary is 4- or 5- celled. Fruit is darkred-brown and much depressed, not exceeding the calyx.

Flowering Period: July - October

Distribution and Habitat

Leucopogon apiculatus is known between Cape Le Grand and Mt Ragged, a range of 140 km, and on two islands in theArchipelago of the Recherche. It grows in shallow sand over granite or quartzite, in scrub heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Hellfire Bay Esp Esp NP 7.10.92 1+ Good1b Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 10+ Good1c Thistle Cove Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 20+ Good1d Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 6.10.92 10 Good1e Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 8.10.92 1 Good2 Orleans Bay Esp Esp Shire Res. 18.7.82 Common -3 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 23.11.85 Frequent -4 Mt Ragged Esp Esp NP 23.4.93 100+ Seedl. Post-fire5 Middle Island Esp Esp NR 14.11.74 - -6 Sandy Hook Is. Esp Esp NR 10.11.50 - -7* Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 25.4.93 200+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

L. apiculatus is widespread and common in localised areas east of Esperance and occurs in three conservation reserves.

403

References

Bentham (1869).

404

Leucopogon brevicuspis Benth. EPACRIDACEAE

An erect shrub, with or without hairs on the branches and foliage. Leaves are broadly oblong (about 12 mm long) orslightly broader towards the apex, convex, with recurved margins or nearly flat, and have a minute, rigid spine at the tip.Very short clusters (spike) of 2 or 3 flowers are borne in the leaf axils. The small bracts have a minute sharp point;bracteoles are about half as long as the calyx; sepals (4 mm) are softly-hairy and acutely pointed at the tip. The corollatube is as long as the calyx; the corolla lobes are rather shorter and erect at the base. Anthers are obtuse and lack steriletips. The ovary is shiny and 5-celled. Fruit is ovoid-oblong (about 6 mm) with a very hard exterior.

Leucopogon brevicuspis is very closely related to L. propinquus which has rigid, linear leaves.

Flowering Period: March - April

Distribution and Habitat

Bentham (1869) indicates L. brevicuspis was represented by two specimens, one collected in the Stirling Range andanother from an unspecified locality, collected by Drummond. Recent specimens with affinity to this taxon have beencollected from Frank Hann National Park, north-east of Mt Heywood, Mt Ney, and towards Israelite Bay.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Stirling Range Alb ?Plgt NP 1869 - -2 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 20.11.85 Frequent -3 Mt Ney Esp Esp NR 7.84 - -4 Mt Heywood,NE Esp Esp VCL 9.11.80 Scattered -5* Point Malcolm,N Esp Esp NR 19.4.93 2 Fair6* Sheoaks Hill Esp Esp NR 22.4.93 5+ Good

* = new population

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

Further taxonomic work is required to determine the distinguishing characters of L. brevicuspis and which specimens inthe Western Australian Herbarium are within this taxon.

References

Bentham (1869).

405

Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella (Benth.) Barlow MYRTACEAE

A shrub, 1 m tall, which is hairless except for the shortly-hairy inflorescence axis. Leaves are arranged in threes,narrowly ovate (4-9 x <1 mm), obtuse and slightly thickened at the apex, curve backwards, and have 10-15 large glandson the lower surface. The inflorescence is a crowded spike or head (5-25 mm) of 10-35 flowers; bracts (1.2-2 x 1 mm)are persistent to anthesis; sepals (0.6 mm) are persistent to mature fruit. There are 3-10 stamens (4-6 mm) per bundlewith filaments white to yellow. Fruits are shortly bell-shaped with an elongated base (2-4 x 3-5 mm), sometimescompressed by mutual pressure, with persistent rounded outspread sepals.

Melaleuca incana subsp. tenella can be distinguished from subsp. incana which usually has hairy leaves that are larger(4-17 x 1-3 mm), 40-100 small and about 20 larger leaf glands, and longer stamens (4-8.5 mm).

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

M. incana subsp. tenella is found on the coast and adjacent inland areas from near Esperance to Duke of Orleans Bay, arange of about 60 km. It grows in swampy and moist areas in scrub thickets.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Cape Le Grand Esp Esp NP 3.10.74 - -2 Coolinup Rd Esp Esp NR 14.11.93 300+ Good3 Esperance,N Esp Esp - 18.9.50 - -4 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 21.9.68 - -5 Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp ?Rd Res. 30.9.68 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. incana subsp. tenella is known in two conservation reserves. Further surveys, especially in the Lake Warden NatureReserve and the Cape Le Grand National Park, are recommended.

References

Quinn et al. (1992).

406

Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides Cowley MYRTACEAE

A tangled or spreading shrub, to 4 m tall. Leaves are spirally arranged on the stem, broadly elliptic (6-13 mm wide) andundulate at the margin. The inflorescence is a spike of 30-65 flowers on an axis 23-47 mm long with a stalk (15-25mm). The calyx tube is barrel-shaped (1.5 mm). Stamens are red with 23-34 per bundle; claws are 8-11 mm long.Fruits are compressed barrel-shaped (3.5 x 5 mm), papery in texture and the valves are deeply recessed below theaperture.

Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides differs from subsp. macronychia which has obovate to broadly obovate, flatleaves, fewer stamens (20-23 per bundle) and longer claws (11-17 mm).

Flowering Period: February, July, August, October

Distribution and Habitat

M. macronychia subsp. trygonoides is found between Lake Johnston and Coolgardie, with a known range of 90 km. Itgrows in shallow sandy soil on the margins of granite outcrops amongst scrub thicket, associated with Acacia,Allocasuarina, Leptospermum and Melaleuca.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 McDermid Rock Esp Dund VCL 15.2.81 - -2 Lake View Rock Esp Dund VCL 8.2.67 - -3 Queen Victoria Rocks Gold Cool NR 21.10.88 Common -4 Cave Hill Gold Cool VCL 23.10.88 Common -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. macronychia subsp. trygonoides appears to have a specific habitat requirement around granite rocks, with knownpopulations occurring in a relatively remote area of Crown Land. Further opportunistic survey of granite outcrops westand north-west of Norseman is recommended.

References

Cowley et al. (1990).

407

Myriocephalus appendiculatus Benth. ASTERACEAEWhite-tip Myriocephalus

An erect annual herb, to 20 cm tall, which is sparingly branched and covered in loose, woolly and short glandular hairs.Leaves are linear or narrowly ovate (5-35 x 1-5 mm), acute at the apex, and slightly dilated at the base which partiallyclasps the stem. Solitary compound heads (up to 15 mm diam.) are borne at the ends of erect stems; bracts of thegeneral involucre have white spreading tips nearly 2 mm long. The numerous partial heads are 4-6 flowered. Achenesare minutely hairy. Pappus are absent or of 1 or 2 microscopic scales.

Flowering Period: September - December

Distribution and Habitat

Myriocephalus appendiculatus is widespread from Eneabba to Mt Ragged, with the majority of known populationsoccurring in the Perth region. It grows in coarse sand and clay, often in moist depressions, in low open woodland.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Ragged,W Esp Esp NP 16.11.76 - -2 Meekatharra,S Ger Cue - 7.10.89 - -3 Ellen Brook Swan Metro NR 30.11.84 - -4 Upper Swan Swan Metro - 11.11.59 - -5 Eneabba,S Moora Car - 18.9.77 - -6 Lake Indoon,W Moora Car - 8.9.79 Dense -7 Gillingara Moora VP - 13.11.06 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

M. appendiculatus is a widespread annual which has been poorly collected. Its extensive distribution suggests thatfurther populations should exist. Further survey is recommended.

References

Bentham (1867), Grieve and Blackall (1982), Marchant et al. (1987).

408

Persoonia scabra R.Br. PROTEACEAE

An erect shrub with branches covered in short hairs. Leaves are crowded, linear-lanceolate (12-25 mm), contracted atthe base, 1-nerved, and rough to touch (scabrous). Yellow flowers (10 mm) are borne on short stalks in leaf axils andare either hairless or sprinkled with a few hairs. The ovary is shiny with a straight style and stigma.

Bentham (1870) considered Persoonia flexifolia and P. spathulata to be very closely related, with differences observedbeing only "very slight, no more than what we constantly observe between different specimens of other species".

Flowering Period: Unknown

Distribution and Habitat

P. scabra was collected last century by Robert Brown from near Lucky Bay. It is known from the Frank Hann NationalPark in the "Peak Charles-Mount Ragged area" (Weston 1984).

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 1802 - -2 Frank Hann Esp Rav NP 1978 - -3? Peak Charles - Esp Esp - - - -

Mt Ragged area

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Presumed susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

According to P. Weston (personal communication) "the name Persoonia scabra R.Br. has been misapplied in WesternAustralia (by Blackall and Grieve and by the State Herbarium) to an undescribed species from the Lake Grace-Newdegate-Ravensthorpe area.... The 'real' P. scabra R.Br. was not recollected until 1978 by Doug Monk in Frank HannNational Park, but has been collected a number of times since then by Ken Newbey in the Frank Hann-Peak Charles-MtRagged area. It is not endangered by land clearance at present".

At present, there are no 'real' P. scabra specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium. Further taxonomic work isrecommended along with surveys in the Frank Hann National Park to obtain representative specimens of this taxon.

References

Bentham (1870).

409

Pityrodia chrysocalyx (F.Muell.) C.A.Gardner CHLOANTHACEAE

An erect, branched shrub, 30-75 cm tall, with the stem and branches densely clothed in scales; branches are arranged inthrees. Leaves are small, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate (2-6 x 1-4 mm), reflexed, shortly pointed, margins are rolledslightly backwards to form a shallow concavity on the lower side; the upper side is smooth, glutinous and underneath iscovered in scurfy scales. Flowers are solitary in the axil of upper leaves; the leaf-like bracts (2-4 x 1.5-2 mm) arereflexed. The calyx (5-7 mm) has a long tube and 5 short lobes, and is densely scaly on the outside but smooth inside.The white corolla (9-12 mm) has stellate hairs on the back of the lobes and is mostly smooth inside except for a densering of hairs above the ovary; the lower lip is broadly elliptic and the other 4 similar lobes are oblong-elliptic; stamensare exserted above the corolla tube; the globose ovary is densely hairy; the style is shortly 2-lobed at the tip. The fruit(4-5 x 2-3 mm) is covered in hairs and has a depression at the top and 2 opposite, short projections at the distal end.

Flowering Period: October - November

Distribution and Habitat

Pityrodia chrysocalyx is distributed between Scaddan and Norseman, extending westwards to Lake Tay and eastwardsto Mt Ridley. It grows in sand and sandy loam in open shrub mallee and woodland communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a Scaddan,N Esp Esp ?MRWA Rd Res. 13.11.76 - -1b Grass Patch,S Esp Esp - 2.10.81 - -2 Grass Patch,N Esp Esp - 5.9.62 - -3 Lake Tay,E Esp Esp VCL 11.11.79 Common -4 Mt Ridley,N Esp Esp VCL 13.10.90 200+ -5 Norseman Esp Dund - 14.10.67 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

A survey between Scaddan and Grass Patch in 1992 failed to relocate this taxon. It is not known to occur in anyconservation reserve. Further survey is required.

References

Munir (1979).

410

Platysace haplosciadea (Benth.) C.Norman APIACEAE

A low, spreading perennial herb, to 25 cm tall. Stems are from a perennial rootstock, apparently leafless, cylindrical orangular, erect and rush-like, but the upper branches often flexuose or recurved. Leaves are few and minute. Numerouswhite or pale pink flowers are arranged on short slender stalks in simple umbels at the ends of stems. Involucral bractsare linear and reflexed. Styles have a thick conical base. Fruit is smooth and flattish (2 x 2 mm), the dorsal edge almostwinged, the lateral ribs are thickened and almost as prominent as the somewhat turgid centres of the carpels, but separatefrom them on each side by a narrow furrow.

Flowering Period: October - December

Distribution and Habitat

Platysace haplosciadea is known from the Cape Arid and Cape Le Grand National Parks and a disjunct populationnorth-west of Margaret River. It grows in white sand in winter-wet areas in low heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1a 'Hill 49' Esp Esp NP 19.11.79 - -1b Mt Le Grand Esp Esp NP 12.12.60 - -1c Lucky Bay Esp Esp NP 10.10.74 Common -1d Rossiter Bay Esp Esp NP 7.11.82 - -1e Ranger's residence Esp Esp NP 13.11.89 Plentiful -2 Cape Arid Esp Esp NP 29.11.71 - -3 Yelverton forest Bsltn Aug - 8.11.89 Abundant -4 Gales Brook - - - 1800s - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. haplosciadea appears to be well represented in the Cape Le Grand National Park where it should remain secure.Further opportunistic survey along the coast, east of Esperance, is recommended.

References

Bentham (1866).

411

Pomaderris intangenda F.Muell. RHAMNACEAE

A spreading shrub, to 90 cm tall, with spiny branches and extremely hairy branchlets. Leaves are small, oblong towedge-shaped (10-25 mm) with toothed or lobed margins near the tip, hairless, dark green above and pale greenbeneath. The white, tubular flowers are small and borne on singly in leaf axils on short stalks; the 5 calyx lobes arebroadly triangular (2 mm) and fall off early. Fruit is a large 3-chambered capsule (8 mm).

Flowering Period: June - August

Distribution and Habitat

Pomaderris intangenda is known from Mt Ridley and north of Westonia and Boorabbin. The type specimen wascollected before 1876 from 'between the port of Esperance Bay and the mountains of Frazer's Range' (Mueller 1876). Itis possible that the collection was from the Mt Ridley population. This species grows in humus-rich soil on the slopes ofgranite outcrops, in tall shrubland or scrub.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Geeraning Mer West NR. 11.9.89 2 2 Dead2 Walyamoning Mer West NR 11.9.89 2 Undisturbed3 Yanneymooning Mer West NR 11.9.89 12 1 Dying4 Yanneymooning,N Mer West Private 12.9.89 4 Undisturbed5 Mt Walter Gold Cool VCL 16.9.81 2 -6 Mt Ridley Esp Esp VCL 23.5.93 - Good7 Donkey Rocks Gold Men VCL 8.6.89 Abundant -8 Ularring Gold Men Pastoral Lease 16.6.88 Frequent -9 Bates Cave Nar Kon - 9.7.87 - -10 The Humps Nar Kon - 3.9.76 - -11 Eaglestone Hill Mer Nun - 13.8.72 - -12 Nungarin Rock Mer Nun - 13.8.72 - -13 near Bencubbin Mer MtM - 2.6.22 - -14 Billyacatting Hill Mer Tra NR 2.9.77 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

P. intangenda is widespread, especially in the Merredin District, although according to Mollemans et al. (1993), itusually occurs in low numbers. The habitat in which this species grows, however, is not likely to be cleared foragriculture. The population at Mt Ridley is within an area that has been proposed for vesting with the Esperance Shire.

References

Leigh et al. (1984), Mollemans et al. (1993), Mueller (1876), Newbey (1983).

412

Siegfriedia darwinioides C.A.Gardner RHAMNACEAE

An erect shrub, to 80 cm tall, with smooth purplish-brown bark. Leaves are opposite, oblong (15-30 x 6-8 mm), obtuseat the tip, and the midrib partly impressed into the upper surface; the margins roll backwards tightly towards the midrib(revolute); the upper surface is dark green and shiny, while underneath is pink and densely hairy; stalks are up to 8 mmlong. Small clusters of yellowish flowers (cyme) form pseudo-heads at the ends of short branchlets. There are usually10-12 petal-like bracts, which are orbicular (1.8 mm diam.), overlapping, leathery, irregularly toothed, prominentlynerved, red to pale pink; the outer bracts are usually empty and the intermediate ones often have a cluster of 3 or 4flowers in their axils; the terminal cluster consists of 6-10 flowers. Each flower has a 4-5 lobed calyx tube (5 mm) andstamens (6-7 mm) that extend beyond the tube. True petals are absent.

Flowering Period: February - April, June, August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Siegfriedia darwinioides is distributed between the Pallinup River and Starvation Boat Harbour, a range of 180 km. Itgrows on stony red loam or kaolinic-lateritic breakaway, in mallee scrub or woodland communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Mt Short Alb Rav Shire Res. 16.12.92 200+ Healthy2 Bandalup Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 300+ Healthy3 Mt Desmond Alb Rav VCL 8.9.93 Scattered Healthy4 Mt McMahon Alb Rav VCL 4.91 100+ Healthy5 Eyre Range Alb Rav NP 2.11.65 - -6a Gnowellen Rd Alb ?Alb - 25.6.76 - -6b Corackerup Alb ?Alb NR - Few -7 Starvation Boat Esp Esp - 8.25 - -

Harbour

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

The majority of known populations of S. darwinioides occur in the Ravensthorpe Range. Negotiations are presentlybeing undertaken between the Shire, DEP and CALM to vest this area as a reserve. Further survey in the FitzgeraldRiver National Park is recommended.

References

Gardner (1933), Robinson and Coates (1995).

413

Sphenotoma parviflorum F.Muell. EPACRIDACEAEPaper Heath

A slender, erect perennial, 15-30 cm tall, with a few branches above 25 cm. Leaves are lanceolate-subulate (rarely 12mm), mostly ciliate on the margins, the lower ones more or less spreading, but not recurved, all the rest are pressed closeto the stem. A dense, ovate cluster of white flowers (spike) forms at the end of the stem; each flower is about 12 mmlong within an ovate, pointed bract which is at least as long as the calyx. Sepals (4 mm) are pointed at the tip. Thecorolla tube is as long as the calyx, and the lobes are only half as long as the tube. The ovary is hairless.

Sphenotoma parviflorum is very similar to S. gracile which has corolla lobes about equal in length to the corolla tube.

Flowering Period: ?October

Distribution and Habitat

The type of S. parviflorum (lodged at Kew, England) shows the locality as being "Thomas River and Cape Le Grand".

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Thomas River & Esp Esp ?NP ?1802 - -Cape Le Grand

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Unknown

Summary and Recommendations

S. parviflorum is taxonomically poorly defined. Many of the specimens in the Western Australian Herbarium mayactually be the very similar S. gracile which is relatively common along the south coast (J. Powell, personalcommunication). Taxonomic work is urgently required on these taxa to correctly identify these specimens.

References

Bentham (1869).

414

Verticordia verticordina (F.Muell.) A.S.George MYRTACEAE

A low, dense shrub, 10-25 cm tall. Leaves are linear, semi-cylindrical or triquetrous (6 mm) and opposite. Greenish-white flowers are borne on stalks (2-4 mm) in the upper axils of the short branchlets, forming a dense flat-topped leafycorymb. The calyx tube is hemispherical (3 mm diam.), softly-hairy with longer hairs at the base along with a dense ringof white hairs. Sepals are ovate (4 mm) and very shortly and irregularly toothed-hairy. Petals are rather shorter than thesepals and entire with a broad, dark-coloured central line. Stamens are united for nearly 2 mm above the calyx tube;staminodes form a distinct outer series. The red style is very long. The ovary has 2 ovules.

Flowering Period: August - October

Distribution and Habitat

Verticordia verticordina is known from between Cheetup Hill and Price Hill, a range of 90 km. It grows in peaty sandor sandy clay over granite or limestone, in low open heath communities.

Conservation Status

Current: Priority 3

Known Populations

Pop. Land Last No. ofNo. Population District Shire Status Survey Plants Condition

1 Price Hill Esp Esp NP 9.12.60 - -2a Cheetup Hill,N Esp Esp NP 17.8.89 Abundant -2b Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp NP 9.10.92 1 000+ Healthy2c Orleans Bay,N Esp Esp Shire Res. 9.10.92 1 000+ Healthy3 Condingup,SE Esp Esp Private 21.9.68 - -4 Mungliginup Creek Esp Esp - 30.9.68 - -5 Mt Baring Esp Esp NP 28.10.67 - -

Response to Disturbance

Unknown

Susceptibility to Phytophthora Dieback

Possibly susceptible.

Summary and Recommendations

V. verticordina is known in the Cape Le Grand and Cape Arid National Parks, where it should remain secure. Furtheropportunistic survey in areas between the two Parks is recommended.

References

Bentham (1867).