december 2014 issue final file ipp 3-28 - yojanayojana.gov.in/yh december 2014 low res.pdf ·...

;kstuk] fnlacj 2014 3

o"kZ 58 � vad 12 � fnlacj 2014 � vxzgk;.k&ikS"k] 'kd laor 1936 � oqQy i"B 56

izèkku laikndjkts'k dqekj >k

laikndt; flag

½rs'k ikBd

laikndh; dk;kZy;538] ;kstuk Hkou] laln ekxZ]

u;h fnYyh&110 001nwjHkk"k% 23717910] 23096738

VsyhiQSDl% 23359578bZesy% [email protected]

osclkbV% www.yojana.gov.in

www.publicationsdivision.nic.inhttp://www.facebook.com/yojanahindi

la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu)oh- ds- eh.kk

O;kikj O;oLFkkid (izlkj ,oa foKkiu)lw;Zdkar 'kekZ

nwjHkk"k% 26100207iQSDl% 26175516

bZesy% [email protected]

vkoj.k% th- ih- èkksis

bl vad esa� laikndh; 7

� Hkkjrh; dkjksckjh D;ksa tkrs gSa ijnsl oh ,u ckyklqcze.;e 9

fudksyl iQksjlsal

� fons'kh fuos'k ls T;knk t:jh lgh vkfFkZd uhfr;ka vf'ouh egktu 15

� Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa esa fons'kh fuos'k izokg esa {ks=kxr vlekurk ,l vkj ds'ko 19

� fo'ks"k vkys[k

vizklafxd dkuwu% vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh d'ked'k vfuy eYgks=kk 24

� fons'kh fuos'k çokg c<+k ldrs gSa O;kikj le>kSrs fufru çèkku 29

� Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k% uhfrxr cnyko o jkT;xr fofoèkrk lksftu f'ku 33

� ?kjsyw cpr dks c<+kok t:jh Hkqou HkkLdj 37

� izxfr izrhdksa dh gdhdr jghl flag 41

� D;k vki tkurs gSa\ 44

� Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k% vrhr vkSj orZeku jktho jatu >k 45

� MCY;wVhvks esa Hkkjr dks feyh cM+h liQyrk jfo 'kadj 49

� bZ&dkWelZ esa fons'kh fuos'k ij vleatl çHkk"k dqekj >k 52

;kstuk fganh ds vfrfjDr vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzsth] xqtjkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] ejkBh] mfM+;k] iatkch] rsyqxq rFkk mnwZ Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkhizdkf'kr dh tkrh gSA if=kdk eaxokus gsrq] u;h lnL;rk] uohdj.k] iqjkus vadkas dh izkfIr ,oa ,tsalh vkfn ds fy, euhvkMZj@fMekaMMªkÝV@iksLVy vkMZj vij egkfuns'kd] izdk'ku foHkkx* ds uke ls cuok dj fuEu irs ij HkstsaA O;kikj O;oLFkkid (izlkj ,oa foKkiu)]izdk'ku foHkkx] iwohZ [kaM IV, ry VII, vkj- ds- iqje] u;h fnYyh&66 nwjHkk"k% 26100207] 26105590

lnL; cuus vFkok if=kdk eaxkus ds fy, vki gekjs fuEufyf[kr fcØh dsanzksa ij Hkh laidZ dj ldrs gSa% lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks dkWEIysDl] yks/h jksM]u;h fnYyh&110003 (nwjHkk"k% 24367260] 5610)] gky la] 196] iqjkuk lfpoky;] fnYyh&110054 (nwjHkk"k% 23890205) *701] lh& foax] lkrohaeafty] dsanzh; lnu] csykiqj] uoh eqacbZ&400614 (nwjHkk"k% 27570686) *8] ,lIykusM] bZLV] dksydkrk&700069 (nwjHkk"k% 22488030)] *^,* foax]jktkth Hkou] caly uxj] psUubZ&600090 (nwjHkk"k% 24917673) *izsl jksM u;h xouZesaV izsl ds fudV] fr#vuariqje&695001 (nwjHkk"k% 2330650)*CykWd la&4] igyk ry] x`gdYi] ,eth jksM] ukeiYyh] gSnjkckn&500001 (nwjHkk"k% 24605383) *iQLVZ Ýyksj] ^,iQ* foax] dsanzh; lnu] dksjkeaxyk]caxyq#&560034 (nwjHkk"k% 25537244) *fcgkj jkT; dksvkWijsfVo cSad Hkou] v'kksd jktiFk] iVuk&800004 (nwjHkk"k% 2683407) *gkWy la&1]nwljk ry] dsanzh; Hkou] lsDVj&,p] vyhxat] y[kuÅ&226024 (nwjHkk"k% 2225455) *vafcdk dkWEIysDl] iQLVZ Ýyksj vgenkckn&380007(nwjHkk"k% 26588669) ds- ds- ch- jksM] u;h dkWyksuh] deku la[;k&7] psuhdqVh] xqokgkVh&781003 (nwjHkk"k% 2665090)

pans dh njsa% okf"kZd% ` 100 f}okf"kZd% ` 180] =kSokf"kZd% ` 250] fons'kksa esa okf"kZd njsa% iM+kslh ns'k% ` 530] ;wjksih; ,oa vU; ns'k% ` 730

;kstuk dk y{; ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds O;kid lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZds fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA ;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa ds vius gSA t:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjrljdkj ds ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrqds fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA

vlaxfBr {ks=k ijcgqewY; lkexzh

;kstuk dk vDVwcj 2014 dk fo'ks"kkadi<+kA vad esa dfri; uohu tuksUeq[kh mi;ksxhfo"k; ds varxZr igyh ckj valxfBr vFkokvukSipkfjd {ks=k ds lanHkZ esa cgwewY; rF;ksa]fopkjksa o vkadM+ksa dk leqfpr mYys[k vkSjblds lkjLor Lo:i ij ;Fkksfpr <ax lsizdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA

fofHkUu ljdkjh lxaBuksa dh dk;Z'kSyh pkgsdSlh Hkh gks] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd Lrjij budk ncnck vkt Hkh n`<+ :i ls dk;egSA bldh ewy otg ;g gS fd ,sls laxBuksa lstqM+s vFkok ljdkjh is'ks ls rkYyqd j[kus okysfofoèk dkfeZd lewgks dks vuqekfur ncko lsijs cs'kd gYds fu;a=k.k ds vèkhu lqj{kkiw.kZokrkoj.k esa Lora=krkiwoZd dk;Z djus dh NwVds volj izkIr gksrs gSaA tcfd bldh rqyukesa valxfBr {ks=k dks ghu ;k fuEu Lrj dsutfj;s ls vkadk tkrk gSA

vlaxfBr {ks=k ds vèkhu Ñf"k o oS;fDrdO;olk; rFkk lkoZtfud mRiknu ls tqM+s yksxksaesa vuqekfur y{; dks iwjk u dj ikus dhfLFkfr esa vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ] mRiknudh ykxr vkSj lkèku tqVkus dh leL;k]dj&fuokj.k] iwath&izcaèku] dke dk cks>]dk;Zdkjh uhfr;ksa lacaèkh fookn] mRÑ"V vkfFkZdykHk o izHkkoksRikndrk vkSj lcls vfèkd

;kstuk] fnlacj 20144

thfodksiktZu ls vfHkUu :i ls tqM+h lhfervk; dh vfuf'prrk moa mlls oafpr gksusdk Hk; lnSo cuk jgrk gSA

;g Hkh lR; gS fd valxfBr {ks=k dsvarxZr Lor% liQwfrZ ÅtkZ dk cgqvk;ke odkS'ky fodkl laxfBr {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esavfèkd rhoz xfr ls gks ikrk gSA vukSipkfjd{ks=k n<+&bPNk'kfDr] dBksj Je vkSj dk;Z'kkyhvFkZO;oLFkk dh vuqizkf.kr dj] vkèkqfudrkdk tkek igu mldh ykHkkZtu izfØ;k dhxfr iznku djrs gq, oSf'od Lrj ij ml lk[kdks iquthZfor vFkok iquLFkkZfir djus esa vgeHkkxhnkj gSA

vkSipkfjd {ks=k dh dk;Z&izfr"Bk]lkekftd lqj{kk o Lok;rÙkk vlaxfBr {ks=kdh rqyuk esa dgha vfèkd gS ysfdudk;Z&iz.kkyh dh fo'oluh;rk] mRÑ"VmRiknu] vkfFkZd ykHk vkSj fofHkUu lkèkut;hmiØeksa dh LFkkiuk] fofue; lapkyuusr`RodrkZ ds :i esa rFkk lcls egRoiw.kZvFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl dh vifjfer ckuxhds rkSj ij vlaxfBr {ks=kksa dk fulansg :i lsvHkwriwoZ ;ksxnku gSA

jkds'k jatu] ,4] ehfM;k gkml]110] ch5] xkSre uxj] ubZ fnYyh

vkLFkk] vkthfodk vkSjikfjfLFkfrdh ds loky

vDVwcj 2014 vad esa ys[kd lqHkk"k 'kekZds vkys[k vkLFkk] vkthfodk vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdhds loky* us eq>s fo'ks"k izHkkfor fd;kA xaxkunh dks Hkkjrh; izkphu dky ls gh xaxk dksifo=k unh ds :i esa ekurs jgs gSaA xaxkHkkjrh; tuekul] laLÑfr vkSj lH;rk esa

dbZ :iksa esa lfn;ksa ls fo|eku jgh gSA xaxk dksdksbZ bls vkthfodk ds lzksr ds :i esa ns[krkgS] dksbZ eka ;k nsoh ds :i esa vkLFkk dsizrhd Lo:i ns[krk gS] rks dksbZ ikfjfLFkfrdhds vax (unh ds :i esa) ns[krk gSA izèkkuea=khusjUnz eksnh us Hkh pquko izpkj ds nkSjku cukjlesa dgk Fkk fd eq>s eka xaxk us cqyk;k gSA

nwljh vksj ,d teZu ukxfjd ;k fczfV'kukxfjd vius ns'k dh lcls egRiw.kZ unhØe'k% jkbu vkSj VsEl dks u nsoh dgrk gS]u eka dgrk gS vkSj u ifo=k ekurk gSA exjunh ekudj VsEl vkSj jkbu unh dks LoPNj[krk gSA Hkkjr esa ifo=k unh xaxk dks gevHkh rd LoPN ugh j[k ldsA xaxk unh dksLoPN j[kus ds fy, vktknh ds ckn gh fo'ks"kè;ku nsus dh t:jr Fkh tks ugh gks ldkAorZeku le; esa ;qokvksa esa xaxk unh ds izfrdksbZ ftKklk vkSj ugh gh xaxk unh dks LoPNdSls j[kk tk, bl ij fo'ks"k è;ku ughA xaxkunh dk dbZa rjg ls nksgu fd;k tkrk gSAiVuk vkSj Hkkxyiqj ds chp xaxk esa MkfYiQugh dk f'kdkj èkM+Yys ls fd;k tkrk gSA

v'kksd dq- BkdqjekyhVksy] vnyiqj] njHkaxk (fcgkj)

vlaxfBr {ks=k dh n'kk vkSjfn'kk ij ljkguh; izLrqfr

vlaxfBr {ks=k dh orZeku n'kk vkSj fn'kkij vkidh izLrqfr ljkguh; vkSj izsj.kknk;hgSA blesa fo}ku laiknd dh vksj ls ^HkkjrfuekZrk ds izfr* 'kh"kZd ls izLrqr fopkj dksvkt ge lHkh dks ,d ckj iqu% ewY;kadudjus vkSj okLrfodrk dks LohÑr djus dh

vlaxfBr {ks=kHkkjrh; vlaxfBr vFkZO;oLFkk dh Hkwfedk

ckjcjk gSfjl&OgkbV

fo'ks"k vkys[kvkfFkZd lekos'ku dh jkg% iz/kuea=kh tu /u ;kstuk

izHkkdj lkgw

xaxk LoPNrkvkLFkk] vkthfodk o ikfjfLFkfrdh ds loky

lqHkk"k 'kekZ

vlaxfBr {ks=k vkSj yksdfo|kvfer clksys

xk¡/h vkSj LoPNrkiQksdl

lqn'kZu vÕ;axkj

vDVwcj 2014

fo'ks"kkad

fodkl dks lefiZr ekfld ` 20


pqukSrh dk lkeuk Hkh t:jh gSA Hkkjr dsfuekZ.k esa laxfBr {ks=kksa ds vykok vlaxfBr{ks=k dk Hkh bruk gh ;ksxnku gS] fdarq budsfy, 'kklu Lrj ij leqfpr lqfoèkka, tSlsf'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj Hkkstu ds chp rkyesydk vHkko gS ftl ij os ,d ckj iqu% fopkjdjuk t:jh gksxkA

NSy fcgkjh 'kekZ banzNkrk (m-iz-)

t:jh gS mRlo dk mYykl

mRloksa ds ekè;e ls uo mRlkg vkSjmeax ds okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSAfo'o esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk ns'k ;k lektgksxk tks mRlo ugha eukrk gksxkA mRloksa esalw;Z dk vkRecy] panzek dh ekufldrkvfXu dh rstfLork vkSj ;K dh leiZ.kHkkouk fo|eku gSA blfy, le;≤ ijgksus okys mRlo lekt thou esa mnkRrxq.kksa dh o`f¼ lerk vkSj ljyrk fuekZ.kdj lekt thou dks mYykle; cukrs gSaAfu%lansg mRlo ls eu] vkRek vkSj 'kjhjlHkh mYykflr gksrs gSaA

;kstuk fganh ekfld ifjokj o ikBdksa dk,d ckj fiQj T;ksfr ioZ nhikoyh ds leqiqy{k; esa gkfnZd vfHkuanu ,oa 'kqHk dkeuk,aA

cM+k vaèksjk gS fey] dksbZ fn;k tyk;ktk,A jks'kuh dk ioZ gS] jks'kuh dks ?kj cqyk;ktk,AA

?kqliSfB,&lk ;g ?kj ls dqN vk;k gSAlkft'k tks Hkh jp jgsa gSa] vaèksjs ds lkFklwjt dks mUgh us vkt ?kj esa Nqik;k gSAlcd lwjt dks vc ;g fl[kk;k tk,]nh;k lwjt fn;s dks ugha]lwjt fn, dks fn[kk;k tk,Amtkys dks laln esa]iz'u vaèksjs dk mBk;k tk,Avglkl vaèksjsa dks Hkhvc lwjt dks djk;k tk,A

[kq'kky flag dksgyhiQrsgiqj] lhdjh] mÙkj izns'k

cawn esa lekfgr lkxj izèkkuea=khtu&èku ;kstuk

ge ges'kk unh ls ikuh Hkj dj ykrs gSaA gekjkfo'okl gksrk gS fd iqu% ikuh dh t:jr iM+usij ge unh ds ikl tk ldrs gSaA

izèkkuea=kh tuèku ;kstuk us gesa cgqrizHkkfor fd;k gSA ;g vR;ar rhoz fodkl dkvkèkkj curh tk,xhA

lSdM+ksa lqvolj izèkkuea=kh tuèku ;kstukls ;qokvksa dks feysaxsA oLrqr% izèkkuea=kh tuèku;kstuk vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] lkekftd lqj{kkiznku djrh gSA

^;kstuk* if=kdk ;qokvksa dh vis{kkvksa dkscsgrj <ax ls izfrfoafcr djrh gSA

eukst dqekj frokjh}kjk Jh fouksn flag

fu;j chMh dkWyst] iVUkk] fcgkj

mi;ksxh vad

izLrqr vad esa dbZ ys[k lkef;d gksrs gq,Hkh laxzg.kh; egRo ds gSaA bl lanHkZ esalaikndh; vkys[k Hkkjr fuekZrk ds izfregRoiw.kZ rFkk ljkguh; gSA bl ij izdk'kMkyuk ljkguh; gSA

xaxk LoPNrk ij fo}ku ys[kd Jh lqHkk"k'kekZ dk vkys[k eSus cMs+ euks;ksx ls i<+kA eSabudh ys[kdh; {kerk rFkk fo'ys"k.k dhrkjhiQ djrk gwaA fdarq iVuk dks gh vkèkkjacukdj laiw.kZ xaxk èkkjk dk fooj.k izLrqrdjus esa dqN Hkzkafr;ka vk xbZ gSaA tSls xaxk ;kfdlh unh ij ckaèk fuekZ.k ds igys mldhbathfu;jh] oSKkfud rFkk i;kZoj.h; igyqvksals tkap dj yh tkrh gSA rc ljdkj }kjkdk;kZjaHk gksrk gSA

tgka rd xaxk ij fufeZr nks fuekZ.k fVgjhrFkk iQjDdk dh ckr gSA ;s nksuksa o"kkZsa ls fooknesa jgs gSaA fdarq gky esa vc fo'ks"kKksa rFkkfuekZrkvksa us ;g rF; mtkxj fd;k fd fVgjhckaèk ugha cuk gksrk rks fiNys lky vkbZHka;dj ck<+ ls gfj;k.kk vkSj fnYyh rd rckggksrhA vkSj iQjDdk ckaèk (tyfu;ked) ughgksrk] rks dksydkrk canjxkg can gks tkrk vkSjxfeZ;ksa esa gqxyh lw[k tkrhA ^;kstuk* esa ,slhfopkjksÙkstd jpuka, izdkf'kr djus ds fy;siqu% èkU;oknA

jkèkkdkar Hkkjrhihjkx<+h] ubZ fnYyh

ljkguh; laikndh;

58 o"kksZa ls yxkrkj viuh lsok ls vuqxzfgrdjus okyh if=kdk ;kstuk dks ,d fd'kksjikBd dh vksj ls ueu] oanu o vfHkuanuA

njvly~ eS ;kstuk dks cgqr igys lsns[krk] xqurk ,oa le>rk vk;k gwaA esjs ?kj esafirkth bl ,sfrgkfld if=kdk ds fu;ferikBd Fks] vkSj vc ge lc bl if=kdk dsprZqfnd] fodkl dh dkeuk djrk gawA

brus de ewY; esa lekt ds xjhc ls xjhccPps Hkh vkstLoh ys[kksa ls ifjiw.kZ if=kdk dksi<+dj liQyrk izkIr dj ldrsa gSA vkt gexkSjo ,oa LokfHkeku ds lkFk dg ldrs gSa fdvkt vxj jk"Vªh; fodkl ;qxcksèk dh gqadkjHkjus okyh dksbZ if=kdk gS] rks oks fliQZ ;kstuk*gSA vDVwcj vad ds laikndh; esa ekVh dhiqdkj] ,oa tuekul dh xqgkj izfrèofurgksrh gSA

ufpdsrk oRl,l-ch-,-,u- dkWyst

njksgk] ykjh] (vjoy) fcgkj

ekuoh; xfjek ls tqM+sLoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku

xr vad esa izks|ksfxdh] uokpkj ij dsafnzrys[k vPNs yxsA lkaln vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk*dk laf{kIr o lkjxfHkZr fcUnq jkspd jgkAve`r iVsy dk ys[k eSyk <+ksus dh dqizFkk*vkt ds izklafxd ^LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku*esa lekfgr djus ;ksX; ,d fopkj.kh;leL;k gSA

bl vfHk;ku dks dsoy liQkbZ ds eqn~nksa lstksM+dj ugha vfirq ekuo dh xfjek ijdsfUnzr fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA thou ds gj{ks=k esa tkfr vk/kfjr Hksn ls cgqr ls yksxeq[; /kjk ls ihNs NwV x;s gSaA lekt }kjk mUgsa^xUnk o dsoy eSyk <+ksusa okyk* gh ekudjO;ogkj djrs gSaA

LoPNrk dk vfHk;ku] ekuoh; xfjek dsctk; liQkbZ ds eqn~ns ls tksM+dj ns[kk tkrkgSA tcfd lafo/ku gj ukxfjd dks xfjeke;thou dh xkj.Vh nsrk gS] ftldks vk/kjcukdj 1993 dk dkuwu] iquokZl dk;ZØevkfn }kjk ljdkjh iz;kl fd, tk jgsa gS]ijUrq ;s rc rd v/wjs o vliQy jgsaxs] tcrd bdkbZ Lrj ij gj ukxfjd viusa buifjtuksa] vius cU/qvksa dh lEekutud okilhrFkk vPNs thou dk vHkh"V fnykus ds fy,gkFk u c<+k,xkA

uxsUnz izrki flagdjeSuh] lUr dchj uxj (m- iz-)


FOUNDER OF PARAMOUNT

Neetu Singh

jktho lkSfe=kFOUNDER OF PARAMOUNT

Features:

’kqYd%

’kqYd%

ek=k

ek=k

IAS PCS

YH - 250/2014

;kstuk] fnlacj 2014 7;kstuk] fnlacj 2014 7

izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk;rh ds lkFk Hkkjr ds lk{kkRdkj ds N% n'kd chr pqds gSaA rcls u fliQ+Z xaxk esa cfYd fefllhih] ;kaX>h] MsU;wc] uhy

rFkk vestu esa Hkh cgqr ikuh cg pqdk gSA bl nkSjku fo'o ds vkfFkZd gkykr esa cM+h rsth ls ifjorZu vk;k gSA ,f'k;k]

vÚhdk rFkk ySfVu vesfjdk esa mifuos'kokn ds f[kykiQ la?k"kZ esa mHkjus okyk jk"Vªoknh n`f"Vdks.k chloha lnh ds eè;

esa viuh ped cgqr gn rd [kks pqdk gSA chloha lnh ds igys ipkl o"kksZa dh rqyuk esa nqfu;k ds ns'k vkt ,d nwljs ls dgha vfèkd

xgjkbZ ls tqM+s gq, gSaA oS'ohdj.k dh izfØ;k vius mHkkj ij gSA

fo[;kr bfrgkldkj ,fjd gkWClckWe dh fdrkc dk Lej.k djrs gq, ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ftl vkSifuosf'kd ;qx us Økafr ;qx

dks tUe fn;k] mlus chloha lnh dh nqfu;k esa gekjs dne j[kus ds :i esa iwath ;qx dh ?kks"k.kk dk ,d pØ iwjk dj fy;k gSA oSf'od

vkfFkZd ra=k dh bekjr vc fo'o ds ,d fgLls ls nwljs fgLls rd fo'kky iwath çokg ds t+fj;s vkSj vfèkd etcwr gqbZ gSA varl±c¼ fo'o

dh orZeku fLFkfr ds lanHkZ esa ;g vkoo';d gS fd ge bldk xgjkbZ ls ijh{k.k djsa rFkk blds tfVy foÙkh; O;oLFkk ds raf=kdk ra=k

dks le>sa tks oS'ohÑr fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk ds ewy esa fufgr gSA

vkfFkZd fodkl dh j.kuhfr ds rkSj ij Hkkjr us 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa vk;kr izfrLFkkiu ij vkèkkfjr vkS|ksfxdhdj.k dk jkLrk viuk;kA blds

ckn izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds ckjs esa vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us uhfrxr nkSj fpfg~ur fd, gSaA 'kq#vkr çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k fojksèkh ;qx (1969&75) ls

gksrh gS] fiQj p;ukeRed çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ;qx (1975&91) vkrk gS vkSj varr% çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dk lg;ksxkRed ;qx 1991

ds vkfFkZd lqèkkj ds lkFk vkrk gSA

vkfFkZd uhfr ds ;s pj.k Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds Hkh vfHkKs; pj.k gSaA ftu lexz lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd lanHkksZa esa vkfFkZd uhfr;ka ifjofrZr

gksrh jgh gSa] mUgha lanHkks± esa bls ns[kuk dgha vfèkd ;FkkFkZoknh vkSj lVhd gS D;ksafd mUgha lanHkks± esa ;s uhfr;ka O;Dr gqbZ gSa vkSj blus okLrfod

Lo:i Hkh xzg.k fd;k gSA gkykafd Lokèkhurk ds ckn ds dqN n'kdksa esa Hkkjr us ftl vkfFkZd ekWMy dks viuk;k gS] mlds ckjs esa okn&fookn

gks ldrk gS ysfdu bl ckr ij vke lgefr gS fd Hkkjr us ,d et+cwr rFkk fVdkÅ vkfFkZd vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ,oa laLFkkxr ra=k dk fuekZ.k

fd;k gS] tks bls viuh 'krks± ij oS'ohdj.k dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dh {kerk çnku djrk gSA

laLFkkxr lqèkkj ns'k esa ,iQMhvkbZ dks vkdf"kZr djus okyh uhfr;ksa dh liQyrk dh dqath gSA Hkkjr dks ,iQMhvkbZ ds fy, vkd"kZd

cukus ds fy, ljdkj us vufxur igyksa dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA j{kk mRiknu] fuekZ.k] [kqnjk vkfn tSls {ks=k ,iQMhvkbZ ds fy, [kksy fn;s

x, gSaA ljdkj Hkkjr esa fuos'k djus ds fy, fons'kh daifu;ksa dks vkea=k.k rFkk esd bu bafM;k igy ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr dks fofuekZ.k

dk dsUæ cukus dk y{; gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA Hkkjr esa ,iQMhvkbZ ds 'kq¼ varokZg dh fgLlsnkjh 1992 esa ldy ?kjsyw

mRikn dk 0-1 çfr'kr Fkh tks 2011 esa c<+dj 1-7 çfr'kr gks x;h vkSj vkus okys le; esa blds vkSj c<+us dh mEehn gSA o"kZ 2011

esa dqy dk 6-4 çfr'kr ds Lrj dks Nwrs gq, çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k Hkkjr esa ldy vpy iwath fuekZ.k (th,iQlh,iQ) dk vfèkd ls vfèkd

egRoiw.kZ ?kVd curk tk jgk gSA

oS'ohdj.k dh çfØ;k ls mRiUu voljksa dk mi;ksx rFkk nksgu djuk vkt lcls egRoiw.kZ fcUnq gSA Li"V :i ls ;g rHkh liQy

gks ldrk gS tc lkekftd] i;kZoj.k rFkk jktuhfrd ?kVd bldh jkg esa #dkoV ugha cusaA fons'kh iwath dks vkdf"kZr djus dh vkfFkZd

igy dh liQyrk lekt esa vke lgefr cukus ij fuHkZj djrh gS vkSj [k+kldj mu yksxksa ds chp tks gkf'k;s ij gSa rFkk tks bl çfØ;k

esa foLFkkiu rFkk vkthfodk rFkk i;kZoj.k ds fo?kVu ds nnZ ls nks pkj gks ldrs gSaA vxj ge bl n`f"V dks [kks nsrs gSa rks ,iQMhvkbZ

dh dkeèksuq ml bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh dkyh Nk;k ls xzLr gks ldrh gS ftlus Hkh nks lnh igys O;kikj rFkk fuos'k ds uke ij vius

na'k iQSykus dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA �

fu

iz/kku laiknd dh dye ls

laikndh;


YH - 253/2014


y ds o"kks± esa Hkkjr vkSj phu usu fliZQ izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k(,iQMhvkbZ) dks mnkj cuk;k

gS] cfYd ;s fons'k esa fuos'k djus okys izeq[keqYd ds :i esa Hkh mHkjs gSaA gkykafd Hkkjrdk fuos'k phu dh rqyuk esa dkiQh de gS]ysfdu og vU; mHkjrs vkfFkZd fuos'kd ns'kksals fHkUu gSA Hkkjr dk izR;{k fons'kh fuos'kfuekZ.k vkSj lsok {ks=k esa dsafnzr gS vkSj fodflrns'kksa esa mldh l?ku ekStwnxh gSA fons'kh cktkj[kkldj baXySaM vkSj vesfjdk esa Hkkjrh;,iQMhvkbZ dk izos'k vfèkxzg.k vkèkkfjr gSAHkkjrh; fuos'k dh ;gh os [kkfl;rsa gSa ftudkfo'ys"k.k vko';d gSA ;g vkys[k Hkkjrh;m|fe;ksa ds cstksM+ izcaèku dkS'ky dh ckrdjrk gSA

Hkkjrh; dkjksckjh D;ksa tkrs gSa ijnsl

oh ,u ckyklqcze.;efudksyl iQksjlsal

vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dh jde ds lkFk 1347foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k fd;kA (ns[ksa rkfydk 3)

VkVk us VsVyh Vh] txqvkj] ySaM jksoj vkSjdksjl LVhy dk vfèkxzg.k fd;k tcfdLdkWVySaM dh fMLVyjh daiuh Oghrs vkSj eSddsdks Hkkjrh; O;olk;h fot; ekY;k us vfèkxzg.kfd;kA blds vykok lkWÝVos;j m|ksx ds {ks=kesa Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa us dkiQh fuos'k fd;k gStks ehfM;k dh lqf[kZ;ka curh jgh gaSA

fo'ys"k.k

Hkkjrh; fons'kh fuos'k% vkdkj vkSj iSVuZ

lu~ 1990 esa Hkkjr dk ,iQMhvkbZ egt,d djksM+ 24 yk[k vesfjdh MkWyj Fkk tks2011 esa c<dj 11 vjc 12 djksM+ 57 yk[kMkWyj gks x;k tks fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds }kjkvU; ns'kksa esa izR;{k fuos'k (vksMhvkbZ) LVkWddk 3 izfr'kr gSA

Hkkjr dk vksMhvkbZ viuh cukoV esa phuls [kkl rkSj ij vyx gSA phu ds fuos'k esa

tgka rsy vkSj dPps eky dk cMk fgLlk gSogha Hkkjrh; fuos'k fuekZ.k vkSj lsok {ks=k esa gSA

50 izfr'kr ls T;knk Hkkjrh; vksMhvkbZfodflr vkfFkZd O;oLFkkvksa esa gS tcfd 75izfr'kr ls T;knk phu dk vksMhvkbZ fodkl'khyns'kksa esa gSA Hkkjr 2008 dh lekfIr rd fczVsuesa vesfjdk ds ckn nwljk lcls cMk fuos'kdFkk (ns[ksa vkÑfr 2)

Hkkjrh; vksMhvkbZ dh of¼ eq[; :i lsvfèkxzg.k ds tfj;s gqbZ gSA lu 2010 ds vxLrrd Hkkjr lokZfèkd vfèkxzg.k djus okys 10eqYdksa dh lwph esa nwljs LFkku ij FkkA mHkjrhvFkZO;oLFkk okys ns'kksa esa 24 izfr'kr foy; vkSjvfèkxzg.k ysunsu ds vkadM+ksa ds lkFk Hkkjr nwljsLFkku ij FkkA (okafXLVu 2010)- lu 2000 ls2009 ds chp Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa us fons'k esa 72

gk

oh ,u ckyklqcze.;e ySa'ksLVj fo'ofo|ky; ds izca/u Ldwy esa fodkl vFkZ'kkL=k ds vehjkr izksiQslj gSaA og Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ls lacaf/r ntZuksa iqLrdksa ds vykok,iQMhvkbZ] vfuoklh Hkkjrh;] lkWÝVos;j vkfn fo"k;ksa ij vusd ys[k izfrf"Br i=k&if=kdkvksa esa fy[k pqds gSaA og oYMZ bdksukWeh] bafM;u bdukWfed tuZy vkSj vadVkM }kjkizdkf'kr VªkatsD'ku dkjiksjs'ku tuZy ds laikndh; eaMy ds lnL; Hkh gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

fudksyl iQksjlsal ,DlsVj fo'ofo|ky; ds ,DlsVj fctusl Ldwy esa izksiQslj gSaA mudh 'kksèk fo'ks"kKrk varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj o dkWjiksjsV j.kuhfr ds {ks=k esa gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjfo"k;ksa ij muds vkys[k izfrf"Br 'kksèk if=kdkvksa esa yxkrkj izdkf'kr gksrs jgs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

rkfydk 1% Hkkjr vkSj phu dk vksMhvkbZ LVkWd (10 yk[k vesfjdh MkWyj esa)

ns'k 1981 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010phu 39 900 4]45 17]76 27]76 57]20 73]33 95]79 147]94 229]60 297]60Hkkjr 80 93 124 495 1]733 9]741 27]036 44]080 62]451 77]207 92407

;w,uth,Mh (www.unctad.org/fdistatistiss)

Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh izcaèkdh;

fuiq.krk muds ekfyd cuus esa

ennxkj gS tks mUgsa fons'k tkus

ds fy, izsfjr djrh gS ysfdu

izcaèkdh; {kerk ds rgr dbZ

rjg ds xq.k vkrs gSa tks vklkuh

ls rkSys&ij[ks ugha tk ldrsA

ftu Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa us fons'kksa

esa fuos'k fd;k gS os fof'k"V

ekfydkuk&c<+r dk vkuan ys

jgs gSaA bls ,d ,slh m|e'khyrk

dgk tk ldrk gS ftlesa

izcaèkdh; n{krk] [krjk >syus]

iwokZuqeku yxkus] u;s cktkj dh

igpku vkfn dqN xq.k gSa tks

mUgsa m|e'khy cukrs gSa


rkfydk 2% phu vkSj Hkkjr dk vksMhvkbZ (vjc MkWyj esa)

Hkkjr phu2000&01 izfr'kr 2008&09 izfr'kr 2004 ls izfr'kr 2008 ls izfr'kr2006&07 2011&12 2007 2010

izkFkfed iz{ks=k 1-06 0-64 4-94 8-53 16-93 26-0 25-93 14-30

f}rh;d iz{ks=k 10-98 43-46 25-96 45-00 6-06 9-0 14-18 7-83

Rk`rh;d iz{ks=k 13-22 52-00 26-93 46-54 42-34 65-0 141-14 77-87

dqy 25-26 57-86 65-43 181-24

lzksr% ;w,ulhVh,Mh (www.unctad.org/fdistatistis)

ijaijkxr O;k[;k

daifu;ka fons'kksa esa blfy, fuos'k djrhgSa rkfd os viuh O;kolkf;d c<+r dh ctk;vius ,dkfèkdkj (vks) dk iQk;nk mBk ldsaA[kkldj rc] tc cktkj dh =kqfV;ka vkSjlaLFkkxr dkjd mUgsa vius mRiknu dks fu;kZrdjus ;k c<+r dks vuqKfIrdj.k djkus lsfons'kh gksus ds dkj.k jksdrh gSaA LVhiQu gkbej(1976) dk ;g xw<+ Kku dkiQh pfpZr gSAbl fl¼kar dks vkxs c<+krs gq, blesa fons'kksaesa fuos'k ds en~nsutj LFkku ds p;u (,y)dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok blesa,dkfèkdkjoknh c<+r dks vkfFkZd yqVsjksa(izsMSVjlZ) ls cpkus ds fy, jkLrs vkSj rjhds(vkbZ ) Hkh fn[kk;k x;k gSA ,iQMhvkbZ ds ;srhuksa vo;o lkewfgd :i ls vks,yvkbZiSjkfMe ;k bysfDVªd F;ksjh vkWiQ ,iQMhvkbZds uke ls tkus tkrs gSa (M~;wfeax 1993)AHkkjr vkSj phu ds vksMhvkbZ ds lanHkZ esavks,yvkbZ F;ksjh ds v|ru ijh{k.k gSa (izèkku2011] cdys vkSj lg;ksxh ys[kd] 2007]dqekj] 2007 vkSj uwusdSai vkSj lg;ksxh ys[kd2010)A Hkkjr ls lacafèkr 'kq#vkrh vè;;uksaesa t;izdk'k izèkku (2008] 2011] 2004)dk 'kksèk egRoiw.kZ gS ftUgksasus dkiQh ifjJels fofHkUUk lzksrksa ls vkadMs tqVk;s gSa ftuesadqN ehfM;k ls fy;s x;s gSa rks dqN vizdkf'kr

vkadMs ljdkjh lzksrksa ls Hkh fy;s x;s gSaA izèkkuds fo'ys"k.k Hkkjrh; mRikn fuekZrk daifu;ksads fons'k tkus ds ihNs dh dbZ otg crkrs gSaAbuesa mPp Je mRikndrk] vuqlaèkku vkSjfodkl [kpZ] izcaèku dkS'ky] fu;kZr vkSj1991 ds mnkjhdj.k ds ckn ds dkjd izeq[kgSaA ;g cgl dk fo"k; gS fd ;s ifj.kke

esa gS tksfd y{k.k ls gh iwath&izèkku gSAHkkjrh; fuEkkZ.k {ks=k ds ;s nks :id eq[; :ils mnkjhdj.k ls igys ds vk;kr oSdfYidvkS|ksfxdh; (vkbZ,lvkbZ) ;qx dk ifjiQygSA bldh foLrkj ls ppkZ Hkxorh vkSj nslkbZ1970 vkSj iaxkfj;k 2008 us vius ys[k esa dhgSA okLro esa Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k iz{ks=k ds vfèkdrjmi&lewg vius gh Lrj ds phu ds vkS|ksfxdlewgksa dh rqyuk esa dgha T;knk iwath&izèkku gSaA(ckyklqcze.;e vkSj lSIliQksMZ 2007)

izèkku us vksMhvkbZ dk tks fo'ys"k.k fd;kgS mlesa ifjorZu'khy dkjd (oSfj;scYl) dhlwph esa Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ds izcaèkdh; dkS'kylc ls Åij gSA fuf'pr gh Hkkjrh; daifu;ksadh izcaèkdh; fuiq.krk muds ekfyd cuus esaennxkj gS tks mUgsa fons'k tkus ds fy, izsfjrdjrh gS ysfdu izcaèkdh; {kerk ds rgr dbZ

rkfydk 3% o"kZ 2000&09 ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa }kjk foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k

ns'k 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 dqyvesfjdk 22 12 9 17 20 35 43 62 76 27 323;wds 5 2 8 11 7 16 26 20 36 12 143;ksx· 27 14 17 28 27 51 69 82 112 39 466dukMk 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 9 7 9 32vU; 34 29 34 52 47 91 111 112 198 141 849dqy 61 43 51 80 74 144 185 203 317 189 1]347

· vesfjdk vkSj ;wds lzksr% Fkkelku ou cSadj (2010)

vkÑfr 1 vkÑfr 2 (lzksr% n bdksukfeLV] 2009)

rjg ds xq.k vkrs gSa tks vklkuh ls rkSys&ij[ksugha tk ldrsA izèkku bls iwath ds izfr bdkbZykHk esa ls fofHkUu dkjdksa dks ?kVkdj ij[krsgSaA ;s dkjd gSa& mez] vkdkj] vuqlaèkku vkSjfodkl] foØ; [kpZA blds vykok os MEehoSfj;scYl ds ,d lsV dk mYys[k djrs gSaAbl izdkj vkads x;s ykHk dks okLrfod ykHkls ?kVkdj izcaèkdh; dkS'ky dk vkdyugksrk gSA ;g izcaèkdh; dkS'ky dk irk yxkusdk ,d ljy rjhdk gSA ,slk izcaèkdh; dkS'kyizcaèkdksa esa LokHkkfod rkSj ij gksrk gS vkSjbuesa O;kolkf;d gquj Hkh 'kkfey gS tksdaiuh ds pkfjf=kd dkjd ls fHkUu gSA

gkykafd bl ewY;kadu esa ,d leL;k gksldrh gSA ;g egt iwath ls gqbZ dqy izkfIr dksgh n'kkZ ldrh gS tSls fd oSY;w ,MsM dqyetnwjhA vxj etnwjh nj de gS ;k jkstxkj dkLrj gh de gS rks etnwjh dks oSY;w ,MsM ls

Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ds fons'k esa fuos'k djus vkSjekfydkuk gd ls lacafèkr dkjdksa tSlk fdvks,yvkbZ fl¼kar esa dgk x;k gS] mldkleFkZu djrs gSa ;k ughaA Hkkjrh; fuekZrkdaifu;ksa dh mPp Je mRikndrk rqyukRedrkSj ij mudh mRiknu izfØ;k esa fufgr mPpiwath rhozrk gS vkSj bldh Hkkjh ekStwnxh m|ksxksa


fudkyus ds ckn izkfIr dkiQh T;knk gksxhA nwljsrjhds ls dgsa rks mPp YkkHk izcaèkdh; izoh.krkdh nsu ugha Hkh gks ldrk gS] cfYd ekfydkukiwath dh dqy izkfIr gks ldrh gS ftls ekDlZoknhHkk"kk esa vukftZr vkenuh dgh tkrh gSA

dkWc&Mxyl ds mRiknu iQaD'ku esaizcaèkdh; izfrHkk lkaxBfud {kerk ds lkFk&,& (dqy iQSDVj mRikndrk dk ladsrd)esa j[kk x;k gS] fLFkj okilh ds ekunaM dh'krZ ds lkFkA dqy iQSDVj mRikndrk dh of¼dk miyCèk izkDdyu crkrk gS fd Hkkjrh;vFkZO;oLFkk esa mnkjhdj.k ds ckn dqN [kklc<ksrjh ugha gqbZ gS (nso dqlqe vkSj lgk;dys[kd 2010] xksYnkj vkSj dqekj 2002] lsu2007)A xksYnkj vkSj dqekj ds vè;;u dseqrkfcd] Hkkjrh; fuekZ.k iz{ks=k esa dqy iQSDVjmRikndrk esa lkykuk of¼ mnkjhdj.k ds cknmnkjhdj.k ls igys dh rqyuk esa de gqbZ gSAmuds vuqlkj] ;g fxjkoV lkekU; rkSj ij{kerk&mi;ksx esa deh ds dkj.k gqbZ gSAeq[kthZ vkSj etwenkj] 2007 }kjk fd;s x;s,d vU; vè;;u Hkkjr ds laxfBr fuekZ.km|ksx ds rduhdh ifjorZu dk foLrr fo'ys"k.kmiyCèk djkrk gSA lu~ 1980 ls 2000 ds chpdk ;g vè;;u Hkh leku fu"d"kZ ij igqaprkgSA vfèkdrj fuekZrk daifu;ksa esa O;kIr rduhdhdk;Z&n{krk ds vHkko dks izcaèkdh; izfrHkkdh vuqifLFkfr ds :i esa ns[kh tk ldrk gStks mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy, t:jh gSA ;gfliQZ l[r etnwj dkuwu] dM+h igy dksysdj ukSdj'kkgh dk vkpj.k gS ftlds dkj.kizcaèkd ykHk dks c<+kus ds fy, 'kk;n iwath&izèkkurduhdksa dks pqurs gSaA ml ij mYysf[krvkadMs+ crkrs gSa fd cMs ykHk okyh daiuhfons'k tkus dh bPNk j[krh gSaA ysfdu cMs

ykHk dekus okyhlHkh daifu;ka ,slkdj ikus l{ke ughaHkh gks ldrh gaSAfuf'pr gh ;g laHkogS fd fons'kksa esa fuos'kdjus okyh dbZ daiuhjkf'k dh mxkghvarjjk"V ª h; i w athcktkj ls dj jgh gaSA

ftu H k k jr h;daifu;ksa us fons'kksa esafuos'k fd;k gS os

fof'k"V ekfydkuk&c<+r dk vkuan ys jgs gSaAbls ,d ,slh m|e'khyrk dgk tk ldrk gSftlesa izcaèkdh; n{krk] [krjk >syus] iwokZuqekuyxkus] u;s cktkj dh igpku vkfn dqN xq.kgSa tks mUgsa m|e'khy cukrs gSaA bl fygkt lsmHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa Hkkjrh; daiuh cstksM+gks ldrh gSA Hkkjrh; izcaèkdksa esa ;s vuks[ksxq.k dgka ls vkSj dSls vkrs gSa\

vfèkxzg.k ij vc rd rS;kj fjiksZVksa lsirk pyrk gS fd Hkkjrh; iQeksZsa ds fons'khfuos'kd bu iQeksZa esa udn fuos'k dj bfDofVgkfly djus dh bPNk j[krs gSaA

cfgxkZeh Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ds vuks[ks xq.k

fons'k tkus okyh daifu;ksa dks mu izsjddkjdksa ds vkèkkj ij lkekU;hdr djuk vlaHkogS (jkeewfrZ 2008]vFkzsbZ ,saM lbZn 2013]vrqdksjkyk 2009) A bldk ,d dkj.k ;g gSfd mHkjrs cktkjksa dh vfèkdrj daifu;kafons'kksa esa blfy, fuos'k djrh gaS rkfd osigys ls ekStwn daifu;ksa dh rduhdh n{krkgkfly dj lds tks vksMhvkbZ ds fy, iwathtek djus dh pkgr dgh tkrh gSA ekStwndaifu;ksa ds vfèkxzg.k ds fy, izcaèkdh; dkS'kydh t:jr gksrh gS ysfdu ;g ,slk ugha gStSlk fd vkadMsuqek vè;;uksa esa dgk tkrkgSA ;g dqN vyx fdLe dk gS ftlesaiwath&ifjlaifRRk dh mRikndrk dh izd`fr dhigpku 'kkfey gS tksfd yf{kr daifu;ksa dsikl ekStwn gksrh gSA blds lkFk mldhcktkj&laHkkouk] ckgj dke djus ds [krjsvkSj fons'kksa esa dke djus dk gquj Hkh 'kkfeygS tks lcls c<+dj gSA

blds vfrfjDr] vfèkxzghr daiuh dksiquLFkkZfir Hkh djuk iM+ ldrk gSA bu daifu;ksa

ds ikl mRiknu vkèkkfjr c<+r gks ldrh gS]ysfdu og cktkj [kkstus vkSj mls fodflrdjus esa v{ke gksus ds dkj.k chek: fLFkfresa gks ldrh gSA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd fons'kesa fuos'k djus okys Hkkjrh; izcaèkdks esa ;s xq.kgSaA blds fy, dsUl }kjk izfrikfnr ^,fueyfLifjV~l vkWiQ baVjizsU;kslZ* 'kCnkoyh dkbLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ogh izfrHkkgS tks dbZ mu Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa esa fn[krh gStks varjjk"Vªh; cktkj ls iwath mxkgh dj ikjgh gSaA blesa lokZfèkd fpfg~ur VkVk gSaA uSFksuhyyhiQ~iQ (1979) ds vuqlkj]* m|e'khyrk esacsgrjhu lwpuk [kkldj dYiuk'khyrk fn[kuhpkfg,A os fo"k;xr :i ls [krjs vkSj u;svolj esa fughr vfuf'prrk dks de djsftUgsa vU; fuos'kd vuns[kk dj nsrs gSaA

m|e'khyrk ds vè;;uksa esa bls nks eksVslewgksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gS&vko';drkvkèkkfjr m|'khyrk vkSj mUur vkèkkfjrm|e'khyrk (dksLVj ,saM jkt 2008)A igyhfLFkfr rc curh gS tc jkstxkj ds volj?kVrs gks vkSj jkstxkj dh ryk'k djus okys[kqn viuk mRiknu djus ds fy, etcwj gkasAnwljh fLFkfr rc curh gS tc daifu;ka u;scktkj ds fy, jkLrk vkSj rjhds ryk'krh gSaAmnkjhdj.k ds ckn ds nkSj esa tks Hkkjrh;daiuh fons'k esa dkjksckj dj jgh gS os voljvkèkkfjr m|e'khyrk esa vk ldrh gSA

Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh m|eh&izofr vkSjfo'ks"kKrk Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk xkSyk¼ksZa dh vusd[kkfl;rksa esa [kksth tk ldrh gSA buesa lclsizeq[k bfrgkl ls feyh fojklr gSA O;kikj vkSjm|e'khyrk ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dk yack bfrgkljgk gS tks tkfr vkSj leqnk; vkèkkfjr jgk gSAbu lewgksa esa eq[; :i ls cfu;k vkSj ekjokM+hgSa tks vaxzst 'kklu ds nkSjku eq[;r% lkSnkxjvkSj egktu Fks vkSj Hkkjr ds fons'k O;kikj esaeq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs FksA ikjfl;ksa dk Hkh viuk,d oxZ Fkk ftldk u rks fganw vkSj u gheqfLye èkeksZa ls dksbZ ukrk Fkk ysfdu os vaxzstvkSj Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa ds chp lw=kèkkjdh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs FksA gjh'k nkeksnju (2008)us Hkkjrh; O;kikjh oxksZa ij fd;s vius vè;;uesa ikjfl;ksa vkSj vaxzst ds lacaèkksa dks [kkl rkSjij js[kkafdr fd;k gSA nkeksnju ds vuqlkj]**ikjlh u rks fganw vkSj u gh eqfLye leqnk; dsfgLlk Fks vkSj mudk dksbZ jktuhfrd y{; Hkhugha Fkk ysfdu Hk:p] lwjr] neu ds canjxkg

vkjs[k1% Hkkjr vkSj phu vfèkxzg.k

lzksr% fMC;wys Mq,U; q (2012)


ls utnhd gksus ds dkj.k ikjlh O;kikfjdizHkko esa jgsA ikjlh ?kjsyw czksdj] ,tsaV] tgktdehZds fy, vkn'kZ FksA nkeksnju (2008] ist 14)A**mudk fczVsu dh bZLV bafM;k daiuh ls O;koLkkf;dxBtksM+ Fkk tksfd phu ls gksus okys ykHknk;dviQhe O;kij rd iQSyk gqvk FkkA

fo'o cktkj esa ikjlh vkSj cfu;ksa dsO;kikfjd fgr lwrh diMk] pk;] js'ke vkSjvU; dPps ekyksa ds O;kikj ds lkFk tqMs+ FksAnks laLdfr;ksa ;kuh Hkkjrh; vkSj ;wjksih; laLdfrds chp vkokxeu dh {kerk vkSifuosf'kddky esa Hkkjrh; O;kikjh oxksZa ls tqM+k ,d[kkl igyw FkkA tSlk fd rhFkZadj jk; (2011)fy[krs gSa& ;wjksih; dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh;ksa usleqnk; dh vukSipkfjd nqfu;k vkSj dkWjiksjsVds vkSipkfjd dk;ns ds chp vkoktkgh dhAmUgksaus nksuksa xksyk¼kZsa ds chp lQyrkiwoZdpgydneh dh vkSj bldk Hkjiwj bLrseky;wjksih; ckèkk dh dkV dh rjg fd;kA**

Hkkjrh; O;kikj izfrHkk ds fodkl dknwljk dkjd O;kikfjd lewgksa dh mifLFkfr gS]tksfd T;knkrj ifjokj dsafnzr gSaA blus Hkkjrh;O;kikj izfrHkk ds fodkl esa cM+h Hkwfedk vnkdh gSA fons'kksa esa 2000&2008 ds chp ftrusvfèkxzg.k gq, mldh rhu pkSFkkbZ vfèkxzg.klewg vkèkkfjr daifu;ksa }kjk fd;k x;kA ;g,dy daifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa lewg daifu;ksadh mPPk c<+r dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj ;g ckr mUgsacktkj ds ckg~; rRoksa dks vkRelkr djus dsfy, l{ke cukrk gSA (izèkku 2010] [kUuk,saM ikysiq] 1997] [kUuk ,saM ;krsg 2007)Alewg vkèkkfjr daifu;ka Hkkjr rd lhferugha gS] cfYd ;s vU; mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksaesa Hkh ekStwn gSa ysfdu ifjokj&dsafnzr lewgHkkjrh vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa dh [kkfl;r gSA lewgdk fuekZ.k djus okyh ;wfuV~l fofHkUu rjg dsmRikn vkSj lsok dk fuekZ.k djrh gS ysfdulHkh [krjs lk>k djrh gSa vkSj foRr] lwpuk lsysdj etnwjksa ds izf'k{k.k vkSj izcaèku esafuos'k djrh gSaA fodflr iwath cktkj vkSjlaLFkku ds vHkko esa lewg dk fuekZ.k gksrk gStksfd fodflr ns'kksa esa [krjs >syus vkSj ;kstukcukus esa enn djrk gSA

,d rhljk dkjd Hkkjr dh f'k{kk i¼frgS] ftlus O;kolkf;d dkS'ky ds fodkl esaiqjkus le; ls ysdj vkt rd vuks[kh Hkwfedkvnk dh gSA tSlk fd rhFkZadj jk; (2011)fy[krs gSa fd vkSifuosf'kd dky esa Hkkjr esa

f'k{kk i¼fr tkfr vkèkkfjr FkhA cdkSy jk;]**f'k{kk ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dk ,sfrgkfld iSVuZ;g Fkk fd lHkh Lrjksa ij f'k{kk dh ekax [kkltkfr vkSj leqnk; dh vksj >qdh FkhA ,slkblfy, fd ;s yksx tUetkr :i ls Kkuvkèkkfjr lsok&deZ ls tqM+s FksA tks leqnk;vkSifuosf'kd dky ls igys fy[kus&i<+us]fpfdRlk] f'k{k.k] iwtkdeZ ds is'ks ls tqMs+ Fksos vkSifuosf'kd dky esa f'k{kk] fpfdRlk vkSjukxfjd iz'kklu esa izos'k dj x;sA bu oxksZa vkSjtkfr;ksa us cslczh ls u;s fo|ky;ksa vkSjegkfo|ky;ksa dk YkkHk fy;k tcfd vU; oxZvkSj tkfr;ka de la[;k esa fo|ky; tkrs vkSj'kh?kz fo|ky; NksM+ nsrsA Kku lsok dk ikfjokfjdbfrgkl] lsok is'ks ds fy, vuqjkx vkSj blizdkj f'k{kk ds izfr vuqjkx ds chp esa varlZacaèkFkkA rhu canjxkg 'kgj enzkl]cacbZ vkSj dydRrkesa ;g vrlZacaèk dkiQh l?ku FkkA**

f'k{kk i¼fr tkfr vkèkkfjr Fkh vkSj muyksxksa ds izHkqRo esa Fkh tks lacafèkr is'ks esa tkusdh bPNk j[krs FksA bl rjg mPp tkfr lewgizkFkfed f'k{kk ls ysdj mPp f'k{kk rd c<rsx;s vkSj O;oLFkk mudh t:jrksa dks iwjh djrhjghA vkSj vke yksxksa dh izkFkfed f'k{kklkekU;r;k misf{kr jghA tkfr vkèkkfjr f'k{kkigys ukxfjd lsok vkSj is'kk dsafnzr jgh ftlusckn esa lsok vFkZO;oLFkk dk vkèkkj rS;kj fd;kAlsok lewg ls lkWÝVos;j {ks=k rS;kj gqvk tksvkt fons'kksa esa Hkkjr ds cMs fuos'kdksa esa ls gSA

pkSFkk iQSDVj gS ;wds vkSj vesfjdk esavfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh cM+h la[;k esa ekStwnxhAbl iQSDVj us Hkh Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa dhizcaèkdh; izoh.krk ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku fn;kgSA fiNys n'kd ds vkf[kjh o"kksZa ds vkadM+ksads eqrkfcd] ;wds esa 1 djksM+ 60 yk[k Hkkjrh;gaS tks ogka dh dqy vkcknh dk 1-8 izfr'krgSA vesfjdk esa 2-8 djksM Hkkjrh; jgrs gSatksfd ogka dh tula[;k dk 0-9 iQhln gSAvesfjdk vkSj ;wds ds is'ksojksa ds ckjs esa nsos'kdqekj (2010) dgrs gSa& ^^jsiqVs'kuybaVjehfM;fjt** ;s Hkkjrh; vkSj fons'kh daifu;ksads njE;ku lw=kèkkj dk dke djrs gSa dbZvfuoklh Hkkjrh; os Hkh gSa tSlk fd txnh'kHkxorh (1974) dgrs gSa&^^Vw ,aM Úks ekbxzsaV**Aos Hkkjr vkSj vius vfèkokl&ns'k ds chp;k=kk djrs gSa vkSj nksuksa txg muds O;kikfjdfgr gSaA ;s lHkh Hkkjrh; O;kikfjd daifu;ksa dsizcaèkdh; fo'ks"kKrk [kkldj vFkZO;oLFkk ds

lsok iz{ks=k ds rRoksa elyu foRr] ekdsZVbaVsfytsal vkSj lkWÝVos;j m|ksx dks c<+krs gSaA

Hkkjr ds fons'kh fuos'k dh 'kkunkj o`f¼ds lanHkZ esa nks vkSj Li"Vhdj.k Hkh gks ldrsgSaA igyk ;g fd fons'kksa esa ekStwn O;kikfjdekgkSy ds dkj.k ogka dke djuk Lons'k dhvis{kk vklku gks ldrk gSA ehfM;k dhgkfy;k [kcj esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjrh;O;kikjh ean xfr ls c<+ jgh ljdkjh fu;kedO;oLFkk ls ijs'kku gSaA buesa os Hkh gSa tks tks^ckWyhxkpZ* ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSa vkSjftUgksasus ukSdj'kkgh ds lkFk dkedkth fj'rscuk j[ks gSa (ØScVªh 2012) A

nwljk] Hkkjr esa BhdBkd ykHk nsus okysnslh cktkj ds ckotwn fons'kh cktkjksa ds izfrvkd"kZ.k jgk gSA ;g ckr mUuhloh lnh dsmRrjkèkZ esa fczVsu ds O;kikfjd vuqHko esa Hkhckj&ckj xwatrh jgh gSA fczVsu us 1870 ls 1914ds chp BhdBkd ek=kk esa iksVZiQksfy;ks iwathvius vkfèkiR; okys eqYdksa esa fu;kZr fd;kFkkA lu~ 1914 esa fczVsu dh iwath dk fons'kksa esadqy LVkWd 20 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj FkkA iwathdk ;g fu;kZr gksrk jgk tcfd fczVsu esacsjkstxkjh Fkh vkSj mldk O;kikj larqyu ?kkVsesa py jgk FkkA fczfV'k fuos'k ds izkIrdrkZijkèkhu ns'k FksA fczVsu vkSifuosf'kd ns'kksa lsdPPkk eky ds vk;kr ds fy, mUgsa Hkqxrkudjrk Fkk tcfd mifuos'k eqYd fu;kZr dsckotwn mèkkjh c<krs FksA O;kikj ds bl xf.krls izkIr èku dks fczVsu fons'kksa esa fuos'k djrkFkkA ;g ifjfLFkfr 1980 ds njE;ku fiQj lsvk;h ftlus ,d fopkj.kh; cgl iSnk dhAcgl ?kjsyw bfDoVh] fons'kh ckaM vkSj okilhnj dh vlaxfr ds fy, fczVsu ds iwath fu;kZrdks ftEesnkj Bgjkus okys (Vsfeu] 1987)vkSj ?kjsyw cktkj dh fofHkUu vlaxfr;ksa dksftEesokj Bgjkus okyksa ds chp Fkh (iksykMZ1985 vkSj ckyklqcze.;e 1987)A fczVsu ds?kjsyw cktkj dh =kqfV;ksa us iwath ds fu;kZr dksc<+kok fn;kA buesa lajpukRed vD[kMiu]VªsM ;wfu;u ikWoj vkSj is'kk cnyus ds izfrvfuPNk 'kkfey FkhA bl rjg ds vD[kMiuvkSj =kqfV;ka ekStwnk nkSj dh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkrkesa Hkh izrhr gksrh gS] tks Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dsvksMhvkbZ esa c<+ksrjh dk dkj.k gks ldrh gSA

dqy feykdj dgsaa rks ftl rjg dk dkS'kyHkkjrh; m|fe;ksa ds ikl gS og muds fons'kksa esafuos'k djus ds y{; dks iwjk djrs gSa vkSj ;g


ns'k dks bfrgkl ls fojklr esa feyk gSA O;kikfjdvkSj m|eh dkS'ky vkSifuosf'kd nkSj ls (tcfdvfHk;a=k.k vkSj ekuoh; gquj fudV vrho ls;kuh Lora=krk ds ckn ds o"kksZa esa feyk gSA)ykblsal jkt ds nkSjku bl rjg ds dkS'kyksa ijrkyk yxk Fkk tks 1991 ls igys djhc rhun'kdksa rd jgkA vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k us fofHkUudks cksry ls ckgj fudky fn;kA mnkjhdj.k usm|fe;ksa dks eqdkcyk djus ds detksj]fu;e&fu;eu ls ;qDr lqulku fLFkfr;ksa lseqDr djk;k vkSj mUgsa oSf'od cktkj esa ekStwn[krjk ysus ds ekgkSy vkSj izfr;ksxh cktkj dhpqukSfr;ksa ds lkeus yk [kM+k fd;kA

fu"""""d"kZ

Hkkjr dk ckg~;ksUeq[k ,iQMhvkbZ ,sfrgkflddkj.kksa vkSj lky&nj&lky Hkkjrh; vkfFkZduhfr;ksa esa gq, dzfed fodkl ds tfj;s gqvkgSA ;g vuks[kk gh ugha vU; mHkjrhvFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vyx Hkh gSA ;g vkys[kbl ckr dh iSjoh djrk gS fd ckg~;ksUeq[kHkkjrh; ,iQMhvkbZ dh o`f¼ mls fojklr esafeys mRd`"V m|eh oxZ ds dkj.k laHko gqvkgSA vkys[k m|eh oxZ dh ewyksa dh O;k[;kdjrk gSA blds vykok blesa mu vkfFkZdvkSj lkekftd dkjdksa dh Hkh ppkZ gS tks mlsm|e&dkS'ky ls laiUu djrk gS vkSj tks vU;mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkk ds ikl ugha gSA dkuwuksa]fu;euksa vkSj 1990 ds n'kd ds nckoksa ds[kkRes us m|fe;ksa ds eu dh ygj dks [kksyfn;k gSA O;kikj vkSj fuos'k ds tfj;s fons'khvFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkkx ysus dh mudh bPNk iwjhgqbZ gSA fons'kksa esa fuos'k djus okys Hkkjrh;daifu;ksa ds ikl tks ekfydkuk c<+r gS oslakxBfud ifj{ks=k] fuos'k dh igpku] cktkjdh laHkkouk,a vkSj m|e&dkS'ky gSaA ;s lcmUgsa varjjk"Vªh; cktkj esa dke djus ds fy,l{ke cukrs gSaA ;s vkSj vU; fo'ks"krk,a tks blvkys[k esa fpfg~ur dh x;ha gSa mUgsa vklkuh lsek=kkRed Lrj ij ugha ekik tk ldrkA blfo"k; ij vkxs ds vuqlaèkku ds izlax vè;;uvkèkkfjr gksaA �

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� izèkku tsih (2004)] n fMVjfeuSaV~l vkWiQvkmVokMZ iQkjsu Mk;jsDV buosLVesaV % v iQeZysoy ,ukykbfll vkiQ bafM;u eSuqiQSDpfjax]vkWDliQksMZ MsoyiesaV LVfMt] okY;we 32

� iksykMZ ,l (1985)] dSfiVy ,DliksVZl]1870&1974] gkeZiQqy vkWj csuhfiQfl;y bdksuksfedfgLVªh fjO;w] ldsaM lhfjt ,Dl,y**

� jkts'k vkj ,aM dq.kky ,l (2012)] nbaiSDV vkWiQ baVjus'kuy VsªM vkWu eSuqiQSSSDpfjaxbEiyk;esaV bu bafM;k ^^bu iq'iuxnu ds ,saMckylqcze.;e oh,u (2012)** bafM;k fjdkWMZflal fycjykbts'ku]xzksFk MsoyiesaV ,saM MkboflZVh]vkDliQksMZ ;qfuoflZVh izsl

� lsu dq.kky (2007) bdksuksfed ,saM ikWfyfVdyohdyh] 27 uoacj] o"kZ 43] vad 2 i`"B 37&47

� ewfrZ vkj (2010)] beftZax eYVhus'kuYl%vkmVokMZ ,iQMhvkbZ iQke beftZax ,saM Msoyfiaxbdksuksfet dkaÚsal**] dksisugsxu fctusl Ldwy]dksisugsxu] MsuekdZ] vDrwcj 9@10@2008

� jkW; Vh (2011) n bdksuksfed fgLVªh vkWiQbafM;k 1757&2010] FkMZ ,fM'ku] vkWDliQksMZ;qfuoflZVh izsl

� Vsfeu ih (1987) ^^dSfiVy ,DliksVZ ~l1870&1914% ,u vYVjusfVo eksMy] bdksuksfedfgLVªh jhO;w ldsaM lhfjt ,Dl,y

� vadVkM (2010) oYMZ buosLVesaV fjiksVZ] ;qukbVsMus'kal] tsusok

� okXlfVy ,l (2010)] ^n jkbt vkWiQ MsoyfiaxoYMZ** iQk;usuf'k;y [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/35a004c6-ca4f-11df-a860-00144feab49a.html#axzz2S8aCdfKu].


YH - 250/2014


izfr'kr ls 49 izfr'kr] isa'ku iQaMksa esa 'kwU; ls49 izfr'kr vkSj dqN {ks=kksa esa 100 izfr'krrd fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr ljdkj dhfons'kh fuos'k ds izfr >qdko dh ifjpk;d gSA

fo'o esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl esa vxz.kh baxySaMdks NksM+dj vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, vxzljlHkh ns'kksa dks fdlh&u&fdlh lhek rd fons'khlgk;rk ij fuHkZj jguk iM+k gSA izR;sd ns'k esaogka ds le;dky ds vuqlkj fons'kh iwath dhHkwfedk vyx&vyx jgh gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkhbl ckr ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fdfons'kh iwath us vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj vkS|ksxhdj.kesa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA

Hkkjr tSls vYifodflr ns'k esa iwath dhdeh jgh gSA fodkl dh xfr rhoz djus dsfy, iwath dh vko';drk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSvkSj pwafd cpr esa rnuq:i o`f¼ ugha gksrh]blfy, lS¼kafrd :i ls dg ldrs gSa fdfons'kh iwath bl deh dh iwfrZ dj ldrh gSAbl deh ds nks :i gSa& ,d dk lacaèkvkUrfjd cpr dh deh ls gS vkSj nwljh dklacaèk Hkqxrku&'ks"k ds ?kkVs lsA igyh izdkjdh deh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl dh vk;ksftrnj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;fn fuos'k dh vk;ksftrnj ds vuq:i vko';d vkUrfjd cpr ugks] rks mls iwath dh deh dgk tk ldrk gSAbl deh dks iwjh djus ds fy, bl lhekrd fons'kksa ls ½.k] vuqnku vkSj fuos'kysuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA mRiknu dhfodkl nj ds vkèkkj ij fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr

vf'ouh egktu

dlkSVh

fons'kh fuos'k ls T;knk t:jh lgh vkfFkZd uhfr;ka

l jdkj pkgs fdlh Hkh ny dh gks]mldh fodkl dh voèkkj.kkfons'kh fuos'k ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA

fodkl dh xfr dks c<+kus ds fy, LokHkkfodrkSj ij orZeku vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj dht:jr gS] bl ckr ls dksbZ bUdkj ugha djldrkA ;k ;ksa dgsa fd vkfFkZd lqèkkj ns'k dhvFkZO;oLFkk dks iVjh ij ykus ds fy, t:jhgSa ysfdu vkf[kj ;g vkfFkZd lqèkkj gaS D;kvkSj os D;ksa gksus pkfg,] bl ckr ij lghek;us esa dHkh cgl ugha gqbZA ,slk eku fy;kx;k fd fons'kksa ls vkus okys vk;krksa ij VSfjiQvkSj VSfjiQ fHkUu ckèkk,a nwj gks tk,a] fons'khiwath dks ns'k esa [kqys rkSj ij vkus fn;k tk,vkSj fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus dsfy, mUgsa lqfoèkk,a nh tk,a] rks ogh vkfFkZdlqèkkj ekuk tk,xkA

orZeku ljdkj Hkh vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dksdqN blh izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr djus dk dkedj jgh gSA ifCyd izkbZosV ikVZujf'ki (ihihih)dh rtZ ij fons'kh fuos'k vkèkkfjr volajpuk][kklrkSj ij cqysV Vªsu] baMLVªh;y dkWfjMksj],;jiksVZ bR;kfn bl fodkl ekWMy ds egRoiw.kZ?kVd ekus tk jgs gSaA ns'k esa eSU;qiQSDpfjax dksc<+kok nsus ds uke ij fons'kh fuos'kdksa dksesd&bu&bafM;k dk vkg~oku Hkh fons'kh fuos'kdh rjiQ ljdkj ds #>ku dks fn[kkrk gSAftu {ks=kksa esa fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr ughaFkh ;k de Fkh] mls Hkh vkSj vkxs c<+kus dhdok;n tkjh gSA izfrj{kk vkSj chek esa 26

fons'kh fuos'kdksa }kjk Hkkjh :i ls

fuos'k vk; ckgj ys tkus okys

vkdM+ksa dks ns[kus ls ;g Li"V gS fd

c<+rs vk;krksa vkSj de xfr ls c<+rs

fu;kZrksa ds dkj.k c<+rs gq, O;kikj

?kkVs dks ikVus dk dke ;fn okLro

esa laHko gks ik jgk gS] rks og gS

vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk vius oru

dks Hksth tkus okyh jkf'k;ka vkSj

lkÝVos;j fu;kZrksa ls gksus okyh

vkenfu;kaA xkSjryc gS fd o"kZ

2012&13 esa tcfd gekjk O;kikj

?kkVk 195-7 vjc Mkyj Fkk] mldks

ikVus esa vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dk

;ksxnku 64-3 vjc Mkyj vkSj

lkWÝVos;j fu;kZrksa dk ;ksxnku 55-6

vjc Mkyj Fkk

ys[kd ihthMh,oh dkyst (fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;) ds vFkZ'kkL=k foHkkx esa ,lksfl,V izksiQlj gSaA iqLrdsa& bdksuksesfVªDl] ,xzhdYpj bdksukWesfVªDl] bUok;jesaVy bdksukWesfVªDl],ulkDyksihMh;k vkWiQ oYMZ bdksukWesfVªDl fØlhl (nks Hkkxksa esa)] nÙk ,oa lqanje% bafM;u bdksukWeh bR;kfnA lHkh izeq[k i=k&if=kdkvksa esa vkfFkZd fo"k;ksa ij ys[ku ds lkFkgh og tuZy vkWiQ dWVsEijh bafM;u ikfyVh ,aM bdksukWeh ds eq[; laiknd Hkh gSaAbZesy% [email protected] CykWx% www.ashwanimahajan.blog.co.uk


fons'kh ½.k ysus ij mldh vnk;xh dk nckogksrk gS] tcfd fons'kh fuos'k esa og cks> ughagksrkA ns[kk tk, rks 1991&92 ds ckn Hkkjr esafons'kh fuos'k c<+rk x;k vkSj 1991&92 vkSj2013&14 ds chp ns'k dks dqy 498 vjcMkyj dk fons'kh fuos'k izkIr gqvk] ftlesa 306vjc Mkyj izR;{k fuos'k esa izkIr gq, vkSj 192vjc Mkyj iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k esaA Hkkjr ftldkfgLlk igys nqfu;k ds dqy fons'kh fuos'k esaux.; gksrk Fkk] vc dkiQh c<+ x;k gSA vkSjvc og nqfu;k ds fons'kh fuos'k ds estcku ns'kksaesa vxz.kh gks x;k gSA

fons'kh fuos'k fcuk nsunkjh dh vfuok;Zrkds ugha gksrkA ;g ckr bl rF; ls izekf.krgksrh gS fd fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls fons'kh fuos'kd

Hkkjh ek=kk esa jkW;YVh] ykHkka'k] C;kt vkSjvU; enksa esa fons'kh eqnzk ckgj ys tk jgs gSaAxkSjryc gS fd 2001&02 esa fons'kh fuos'kdksa}kjk fuos'k vk; ds :i esa 7-1 vjc Mkyjckgj ys tk, x;s vkSj ;g jkf'k 2013&14 esac<+dj 31-6 vjc Mkyj igqap pqdh gSA

le>uk gksxk fd fons'kh fuos'k fcuknsunkjh dh vfuok;Zrk ds ugha vkrkA ;glgh gS fd fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks C;kt ughansuk iM+rk] ysfdu os oSèkkfud rjhds ls rkscM+h ek=kk esa èku ckgj ysdj tkrs gh gSaAVªkaliQj izkbflax tSlh xyr izfØ;kvksa ls osxSj dkuwuh :i ls Hkh Hkkjh ek=kk esa èku ckgjys tkrs gSaA ,sls dbZ ekeysa Hkkjr dh vnkyrksaesa py jgs gSaA

fons'kh fuos'k ij Hkkjh vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksadh cprsa

gkykafd ftruk xq.kxku fons'kh fuos'k dkgksrk gS] mruk vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hkstsèku dk ugha gksrk ysfdu Hkkjr ls fons'kksa esatkdj cls vFkok dke ds fy, x, Hkkjrh;ksa}kjk Hksth xbZ jkf'k;ksa ij ;fn utj Mkysa rksirk pyrk gS fd vfuoklh Hkkjrh; fons'khfuos'k ls dgha vfèkd fons'kh eqnzk ns'k ds fy,tqVk jgs gSA xkSjryc gS fd 2001&02 esa 15-4 vjc Mkyj vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa us ns'k esaHksts tks vc c<+dj 2013&14 esa 65-5 vcjMkyj gks x, gSaA

fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh ½.k dh etcwjh

tc ;wih, ljdkj ds foÙk ea=kh ;g dgrsFks fd fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh cktkjh ½.kvc ns'k ds fy, etcwjh cu x;k gS] rks mldsihNs dk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd fiNys dbZ o"kksZa lsfons'kh O;kikj dk ?kkVk gks ;k Hkqxrku 'ks"k dk?kkVk nksuksa fujarj nqzr xfr ls c<+ jgs gSa] ftldspyrs Hkqxrku ladV ls cpus vkSj #i;s dsvkSj vfèkd voewY;u dks jksdus ds fy,fons'kh fuos'k vkSj fons'kh ½.k yxkrkj c<+rstk jgs gSaA

blfy, ;fn ;g dgk tk, fd fons'khfuos'k ns'k ds fodkl dh vko';drk dsdkj.k ugha cfYd Hkqxrku 'ks"k ?kkVk] tksfujarj c<+rs vk;krksa ds dkj.k c<+ jgk gS] dksikVus ds fy, vk jgs gSa rks dksbZ vfr';ksfDrugha gksxhA

rkfydk 1% fons'kh fuos'k (vjc MkWyj)

o"kZ izR;{k iksVZiQksfy;ks dqyfuos'k fuos'k

1991&92 -13 -01 -131992&93 -31 -24 -561993&94 -59 3-58 4-151994&95 1-31 3-82 5-121995&96 2-14 2-75 4-891996&97 2-82 3-31 6-131997&98 3-55 1-83 5-381998&99 2-46 &-06 2-401999&00 2-15 3-02 5-182000&01 4-03 2-76 6-792001&02 6-13 2-02 8-152002&03 5-03 -98 6-012003&04 4-32 11-38 15-672004&05 6-05 9-32 15-372005&06 8-96 12-49 21-452006&07 22-83 7-00 29-082007&08 34-83 27-27 62-112008&09 37-84 &13-85 23-982009&10 37-63 32-37 70-142010&11 27-02 31-47 58-502011&12 46-56 17-17 63-722012&13 36-86 27-77 64-632013&14 36-05 5-03 41-08dqy· 306-24 191-69 497-93

·1991&92 ls 2013&14]fjtoZ cSad vkWiQ bafM;k cqysfVu] twu

2014 ,oa vU; cqysfVu

esa lEHkkfor o`f¼ dk vuqeku yxk;k tkrkgSA blls nwljs izdkj dh deh mRiUu gksrhgSA bl izdkj] bldk Lo:i Hkqxrku&'ks"kdk ?kkVk gksrk gS ftldh iwfrZ Hkh ½.kksa]vuqnkuksa vkSj fons'kh fuos'k ls iwjh gksrh gSA

mDr nksuksa izdkj dh deh dk ges'kk ,dlkFk gksuk vko';d ugha gS D;ksafd dbZ ckjfons'kh eqnzk dks"k ls èku fudkydj bl dehdks iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gS ysfdu Hkkjr esaHkqxrku 'ks"k esa yxkrkj ?kkVs ds pyrs ges'kkfons'kh eqnzk dks"k ls èku fudkydj fons'kheqnzk dh deh dks ikVk ugha tk ldrkA

1991 ds ckn 'kq: gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dsuke ij fons'kh fuos'k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,;g rdZ fn;k tkrk jgk fd blds ekè;e lsns'k esa lalkèku c<+saxs] rduhd dk fodklgksxk vkSj rnuqlkj ns'k dk fodkl gksxk]jkstxkj c<+sxk] vkenfu;ka c<+saxh vkSj vketu dk thou lq[ke; gksxk ysfdu vktfons'kh fuos'k ds fy, ;s lc rdZ vc cgqrT;knk ugha fn, tkrsA

;wih, ljdkj ds vafre foÙkea=kh ih-fpnEcje us o"kZ 2012&13 dk ctV izLrqrdjrs gq, dgk Fkk fd vc ;g cgl csekuhgS fd fons'kh fuos'k lgh uhfr gS] pkfg, ;kugha pkfg, D;ksafd vc Hkqxrku 'ks"k esa Hkkjh?kkVs ds pyrs fons'kh eqnzk dh deh ds dkj.kfons'kh fuos'k (pkgs izR;{k ;k iksVZiQksfy;ks)vkSj cktkjh fons'kh ½.k etcwjh cu pqdk gSA,slk blfy, gS ;fn fons'kh fuos'k ugha vk;krks Hkkjr ds #i;s esa vkSj vfèkd voewY;ugks tk,xk\ ;kuh igys tks ;g rdZ fn;k tkrkFkk fd blls u dsoy ns'k esa lalkèkuksa dkizokg c<+sxk] fons'kh eqnzk dh iwfrZ c<+kdj]#i;s dh fxjkoV dks Hkh jksdk tk ldsxk] vcog fleV dj etcwjh dk rdZ jg x;k gSA

c<+rk tk jgk gS fons'kh fuos'k

lkekU;rkSj ij fons'kh dtZ dh vis{kkfuos'k ds i{k esa ;g rdZ fn;k tkrk jgk gS fd

igys tks ;g rdZ fn;k tkrk Fkkfd blls u dsoy ns'k esa lalkèkuksa dkizokg c<+sxk] fons'kh eqnzk dh iwfrZc<+kdj] #i;s dh fxjkoV dks Hkh jksdktk ldsxk] vc og fleV dj etcwjhdk rdZ jg x;k gSA


esa o`f¼ vkSj jktLo esa mlds vuqikr esa deo`f¼ ds pyrs gekjk jktdks"kh; ?kkVk o"kZ2011&12 esa yxHkx 6 izfr'kr igqap x;k]gkykafd o"kZ 2014&15 esa mlds 4-1 izfr'krjgus dk vuqeku gS] ns'k cM+s jktdks"kh; ?kkVsdks lgus dh fLFkfr esa ugha cpk gSA nwljh vksj

ns'k dks cpk jgh gSa vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksadh cprsa vkSj lkWÝVos;j fu;kZr

fons'kh fuos'kdksa }kjk Hkkjh :i ls fuos'kvk; ckgj ys tkus okys vkdM+ksa dks ns[kus ls;g Li"V gS fd c<+rs vk;krksa vkSj dgha dexfr ls c<+rs fu;kZrksa ds dkj.k c<+rs gq, O;kikj?kkVs dks ikVus dk dke ;fn okLro esa laHko gks

Hkkjrh;ksa dh cprksa ls ns'k ij dksbZ fo'ks"knsunkjh ugha c<+rhA

lgh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dh gS t:jr

fiNys dbZ o"kksZa ls dherksa esa of¼ yxkrkjtkjh gSA izkjEHk esa eqnzk LiQhfr c<+us ds fy,[kk| inkFkksZa dh dherksa esa of¼ T;knk ftEesnkjjgh vkSj og gS [kk| eqnzk LiQhfrA Ñf"k dhyxkrkj vuns[kh vkSj c<+rh vkenfu;ksa dsdkj.k [kk| oLrqvksa dh ekax vkSj iwfrZ esavlarqyu c<+rk x;k vkSj mldk vlj igysrks [kk| eqnzk LiQhfr ij ns[kus dks feyk]ysfdu ckn esa v[kk| oLrqvksa dh dherksa esaHkh rsth ls of¼ gksus yxh vkSj eqnzk LiQhfr dhnj 7 izfr'kr ls 11 izfr'kr ds chp >wyrhjghA fiNys dqN le; igys rd #i;s dsdetksj gksus ls vk;kfrr oLrqvksa fo'ks"krkSjij isVªksfy;e mRiknksa] èkkrqvksa vkSj vU; izdkjds dPps eky dh dherksa esa o`f¼ ls eqnzkLiQhfr vkSj T;knk Hk;adj Lrj ij igqap pqdhFkhA gky gh esa dPps rsy dh dherksa esa dehds dkj.k blesa dqN lqèkkj vk jgk gSA fiNysdbZ o"kksZa ls c<+rk jktdks"kh; ?kkVk eqnzk LiQhfrdks vkSj vfèkd gok nsrk jgk gSA

bu lc ds ckotwn ljdkj dherksa dksFkkeus esa yxkrkj vleFkZ fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhAyxkrkj c<+rh dherksa ds pyrs C;kt njsa Åaphcuh gqbZ gSa] tks u dsoy fuos'k dks izHkkfor djjgh gSa] cfYd ekax Hkh c<+ ugha ik jgh vkSjurhtk ;g gS fd fodkl ?kVrk tk jgk gSA

,d vksj vk;krksa esa Hkkjh of¼ vkSj fu;kZrksaesa dgha de o`f¼ ds dkj.k gekjk O;kikj?kkVk yxkrkj c<+rk tk jgk gS] ljdkjh [kpZ

ik jgk gS] rks og gS vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjkvius oru dks Hksth tkus okyh jkf'k;ka vkSjlkÝVos;j fu;kZrksa ls gksus okyh vkenfu;kaAxkSjryc gS fd o"kZ 2012&13 esa tcfd gekjkO;kikj ?kkVk 195-7 vjc Mkyj Fkk] mldksikVus esa vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dk ;ksxnku 64-3vjc Mkyj vkSj lkWÝVos;j fu;kZrksa dk ;ksxnku55-6 vjc Mkyj FkkA

dYiuk djsa fd ;fn ;s nks izkfIr;ka u gqbZgksrha rks gekjs ns'k dks fons'kh eqnzk ds fdrusHkkjh ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+rkA xkSjrycgS fd lkekU;rkSj ij vfuoklh Hkkjrh; viuhcprksa dks ,d ckj Lons'k ykus ds ckn okfilugha ysdj tkrsA dg ldrs gSa fd fons'khfuos'k ds dkj.k ns'k ij nsunkfj;ka c<+rh gSavkSj c<+rh gh pyh tkrh gSa] tcfd vfuoklh

c<+rk Hkqxrku 'ks"k ?kkVk leL;k dks vkSj xaHkhjcukrk jgk gSA lksus ds vk;krksa ij vadq'klesr dbZ vU; mik;ksa ds dkj.k o"kZ 2013&14esa Hkqxrku 'ks"k dk ?kkVk de gqvk gS vkSjjktdks"kh; ?kkVk Hkh 4-6 izfr'kr ij jgk] buiz;klksa dks tkjh j[kus dh t:jr gS] rHkhfons'kh fuos'k ij fuHkZjrk Hkh ?kVsxh vkSj egaxkbZij Hkh dkcw gks ldsxkA

vkfFkZd laof¼ dh nj ?kVus esa lcls cM+kdkj.k iQSDVªh mRiknu esa èkhekiu gS vkSj ;geq[;r% nks dkj.kksa ls jgk gS& ,d] dPps ekyvkSj bZaèku dh dherksa esa o`f¼ vkSj nwljk]C;kt njksa esa yxkrkj o`f¼A dPps rsy dhdherksa esa deh ds dkj.k bZèku lLrk gks jgk

rkfydk 2% c<+rk O;kikj vkSj Hkqxrku 'ks"k ?kkVk (vjc Mkyj)

2001&02 2004&05 2005&06 2006&07 2007&08 2008&09 2009&10 2010&11 2011&12 2012&13 2013&14fu;kZr 44-7 85-2 105-2 128-9 166-2 189-0 182-2 250-5 309-8 306-6 318-6

vk;kr 56-3 118-9 157-1 190-7 257-6 307-6 300-6 330-9 499-5 502-2 466-2

O;kikj 'ks"k &11-6 &33-7 &51-9 &61-9 &91-5 &118-6 &118-4 &130-5 &189-8 &195-7 &147-6

Hkqxrku 'ks"k 3-4 &2-4 &9-9 &9+-6 &15-8 &28-7 &38-4 &44-3 &78-1 &88-2 &32-4

lzksr% fjtoZ cSad vkWiQ bafM;k cqysfVu] twu 2014 ,oa vU; cqysfVuA

rkfydk 3% vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa vkSj lkÝVos;j fu;kZr ls izkfIr;ka (vjc Mkyj)2000&01 2004&05 2005&06 2006&07 2007&08 2008&092009&10 2010&11 2011&12 2012&13 2013&14

vfuoklh izkfIr;ka· 12-9 20-5 24-5 29-8 41-7 44-6 51-8 53-1 63-5 64-3 65-5

lkWÝVos;j fu;kZr 5-7 16-9 22-3 26-7 37-7 54-1* 34-0* 44-0* 56-7* 55-6* 63-8*

·vfuoklh izkfIr }kjk Hkstk x;k èku lzksr% fjtoZ cSad vkWiQ bafM;k cqysfVu] twu 2014 ,oa vU; cqysfVuA

ekuk tk ldrk gS fd fons'khrduhd ,oa mPp izkS|ksfxdh ;qDr m|ksxksads fy, fons'kh fuos'k t:jh gS ysfdulalkèkuksa dh nf"V ls vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksadh cprsa okLro esa csgrj gSaA blfy,vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh cprksa dksizkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj mUgsavfèkdkfèkd lqfoèkk,a nsrs gq,] vfuoklhHkkjrh;ksa ds èku dks ns'k ds fodkl,oa O;kikj 'k s"k ds lqèkkj gsr qvfèkdkfèkd mi;ksx esa yxk;k tkukpkfg,A

dPps eky vkSj bZaèku dh dherksaesa o`f¼ #i;s dh detksjh ds dkj.kT;knk gqbZA t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd#i;s dks etcwr cuk;k tk, vkSj mldsfy, t:jh gS fd Hkqxrku 'ks"k dks dej[kk tk,A mldk ,d ek=k rjhdk gSxSj t:jh vk;krksa [kklrkSj ij phuhvk;krksa ij vadq'kA


gS vkSj mèkj egaxkbZ ?kVus dh lwjr esa ;fn Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad C;ktnj ?kVkrk gS rks mlls Hkh ykxrsa ?kV ldrh gSaA

dPps eky vkSj bZaèku dh dherksa esa o`f¼ #i;s dh detksjh dsdkj.k T;knk gqbZA t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd #i;s dks etcwr cuk;ktk, vkSj mlds fy, t:jh gS fd Hkqxrku 'ks"k dks de j[kk tk,Amldk ,d ek=k rjhdk gS xSj t:jh vk;krksa [kklrkSj ij phuhvk;krksa ij vadq'kA C;kt njksa esa o`f¼ eqnzk LiQhfr ds dkj.k gS vkSjblds fy, t:jh gS eqnzk LiQhfr ij dkcw fd;k tk,A C;kt njksa esadeh djrs gq, gh ge iQSDVªh mRiknu] bUizQkLVªDpj fuos'k vkSjvFkZO;oLFkk ds vU; {ks=kksa esa fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, vFkZO;oLFkkdks cpk ldrs gSaA pkgs eqnzk LiQhfr gks vFkok ?kVrk vkS|ksfxdmRiknu ;k volajpuk ds fodkl esa èkhekiu] ;g lc blfy, gS fdljdkj dherksa ij vadq'k ugha yxk ik jgh vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dksetcwrh iznku djus ds fy, t:jh ljdkjh [ktkuk Hkh [kkyh gSA ,slsesa ljdkj uhfrxr ifjorZu djrs gq, Ñf"k dks izksRlkgu] m|ksxksa dsfy, C;kt nj esa deh vkSj vk;krksa] fo'ks"krkSj ij lksus&pkanh vkSjphu ls xSj t:jh phtksa ds vk;krksa ij vadq'k tkjh j[k #i;s dksetcwrh iznku djsA rHkh ns'k iqu% fodkl dh iVjh ij vk ik,xkA

ekuk tk ldrk gS fd fons'kh rduhd ,oa mPp izkS|ksfxdh ;qDrm|ksxksa ds fy, fons'kh fuos'k t:jh gS ysfdu lalkèkuksa dh n`f"V lsvfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh cprsa okLro esa csgrj gSaA blfy, vfuoklhHkkjrh;ksa dh cprksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj mUgsavfèkdkfèkd lqfoèkk,a nsrs gq,] vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds èku dks ns'k dsfodkl ,oa O;kikj 'ks"k ds lqèkkj gsrq vfèkdkfèkd mi;ksx esa yxk;ktkuk pkfg,A �

YH - 249/2014

Hkkjrh; v{k; ÅtkZ fodkl ,tsalh fyfeVsM (vkbZvkjbZMh,)o vesfjdh ,fDte cSad us LoPN ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa vkilhlgHkkfxrk ds lkFk fuos'k ds fy, le>kSrk Kkiu ij gLrk{kjfd, gSaA

;g le>kSrk vkilh Hkkxhnkjh ls v{k; ÅtkZ çkstDV esa dk;Zdjus ds fy, O;oLFkk cuk;sxk] tgka ij vesfjdh ewy ds mRikndksadks vius lkeku o lsokvksa dks fu;kZr djus esa lqfoèkk gksxh] mUgsaviuh lk[k ds fglkc ls foÙkh; lg;ksx Hkh feysxkA lkFk gh oksvkbZvkjbZMh, o vesfjdh cSad ls tqM+s iQeks± ds lkFk dke djik;saxsA

vkbZvkjbZMh, }kjk LoPN ÅtkZ {ks=k esa dk;Z djus ds fy,vesfjdh ,fDte cSad ,d fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (eè;e onh?kkZofèk dk xkjaVsM) yksu] mUgsa nsxk tks ;w,l VsDuksykWth] oLrq olsok dk mi;ksx okf.kfT;d fodkl ds fy, djsaxsA

bl le>kSrk Kkiu esa fuos'k ds fy, ftu eq[; {ks=kksa dksfpfg~ur fd;k x;k gS os gSa& lkSj (mi;ksfxrk ekud ihoh vkSjlh,lih lkSj Vkoj ds lkFk) iou] ty vkSj vU; dksbZ v{k; ÅtkZçkstsDVl (osLV&Vw&,uthZ) o vU; {ks=k tgka ij lg;ksx ds fy,legfr gSA

LoPN ÅtkZ fuos'k ij le>kSrk


R;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ)nqfu;k ds vU; lHkh iwath çokgksa esaigyh ilan gSA ,d x+Sj&Í.k foÙkh;

iwath ds :i esa ,iQMhvkbZZ csgn t+:jh gSA,iQMhvkbZZ estcku vFkZO;oLFkk esa fuos'k dkstUe nsrk gS tks vius cgqxq.kt çHkko lsjkst+xkj] vk; rFkk cpr esa of¼ djrk gSA ;gestcku vFkZO;oLFkk dks uohure e'khujh]vR;kèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh] dq'kyrk] çcaèkdh;Kkufofèk dh tkudkfj;ka miyCèk djkrk gSrFkk fofufeZr oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr ,oa lsokvksadks c<+kok nsrk gSA miHkksDrkvksa dks oLrqvksadh xq.koÙkk çnku djus okyh çfrLièkkZReddaifu;ksa ds :i esa ;g miHkksDrkvksa ds fy,O;kid vkSj fofoèk fodYi çnku djrk gSAbl çfrLièkkZ ls ?kjsyw ,dkfèkdkj lekIr gksrkgS vkSj d+hersa uhps vkrh gSaA ,iQMhvkbZZ estckuvFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh daifu;ksa ds dj jktLo esaHkh ;ksxnku nsrk gSA

,iQMhvkbZ dh ldkjkRed fo'k"krk,alS¼kafrd rkSj lokyksa ls ijs gS ysfdu tc ;gokLrfodrk ds èkjkry ij vkrk gS rc ;gva'kr% gh lgh lkfcr gksrk gSA dbZ ckj ,iQMhvkbZZu rks vkèkqfudre çkS|ksfxdh vkSj u gh visf{krjkst+xkj gh eqgS;k djk ikrk gSA gkykafd dbZdaifu;ka ,iQMhvkbZZ dh ldkjkRed fo'k"krkvksads lkFk gks ysrh gSaA ljdkjsa dbZ fj;k;rksa vkSjçR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy,vusd çksRlkgu dh ?kks"k.kk djds ,d nwljs dslkFk çfrLièkkZ djrh gSaA ljdkjsa ,iQMhvkbZZ dksvkdf"kZr djus ds fy, daifu;ksa dks u fliQ+ZHkwfe] ty] fctyh rFkk fj;k;rh njksa ij vU;lkoZtfud ykHk eqgS;k djkrh gSa cfYd djvodk'k] vforfjr equkiQ+k ij NwV] vfrfjDr

ewY;ßkl HkÙks ds :i esa dbZ fj;k;rsa nsrh gSaAysfdu estcku vFkZO;oLFkk }kjk Hkkjh Hkjde

fj;k;rksa rFkk çksRlkgu nsus ds ckotwn ,iQMhvkbZZvyx vyx vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ,d gh rjg lsugha vkxs c<+rk gSA dqN vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa,iQMhvkbZZ dk çokg dkiQ+h l?ku gksrk gS]ftlls fo'o esa ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg mPp{ks=kh; fo"kerk iSnk djrk gSA ,iQMhvkbZZ esa blhrjg dh {ks=kh; vlkeurk ik;s tkus ds dkj.k;g Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds fygkt+ ls Hkh {ks=kh;vlkeurk iSnk djus okyk gSA

eq[; ykHknk;h fuèkkZjd

jkT;ksa esa mPp çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dsvarçZokg dks vkxs ys tkus okys eq[; dkj.kksavkSj buds }kjk c<+rh {ks=kh; vlkeurk dks mudkjdksa ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS tksfuos'kdksa ds fuos'k fu.kZ; dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

varjkZ"Vªh; foÙk fuxe (2001) ckt+kj dsvkdkj] mldh laof¼ laHkkouk]jktuhfrd rFkkvkfFkZd fLFkjrk] nwljs egRoiw.kZ ckt+kjksa ls fudVrkvkSj tqM+ko] çf'kf{kr ekuo {kerk rFkkikfjJfed lajpuk dks fpfg~ur djrk gSA budkjdksa ds vykok vkS|ksfxd rFkk laLFkkxrvkèkkjHkwr lajpuk tSls dkjd Hkh ,iQMhvkbZZ dsvarçZokg dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

,d vè;;u ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k gS fdckt+kj dk vkdkj] Je ykxr] çkÑfrd lalkèkuksadh miyCèkrk]HkkSfrd rFkk ekuo vkèkkjHkwrlajpuk] çksRlkgu] ogr vkfFkZd okrkoj.k dsvykok laLFkkxr <kapk ,iQMhvkbZZ dks vkdf"kZrdjus okys dkj.kksa esa ls egRoiw.kZ gSaA

fons'kh O;kikj dh Hkkjrh; laLFkk ,iQMhvkbZZdks vkdf"kZr djus okys eq[; fuèkkZjdksa ds :i

,l vkj ds'ko

ljksdkj

Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa esa fons'kh fuos'k izokg esa{ks=kxr vlekurk

iz

ys[kd caxyq# fo'ofo|ky; caxyq# ds LukrdksÙkj vFkZ'kkL=k foHkkx esa izksiQlj gSaA izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k Ñf"k] gfjr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn rFkk Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu{ks=kdksa o {ks=kksa ij HkweaMyhdj.k dk izHkko bR;kfn mudh #fp ds 'kksèk fo"k; gSa bZesy% [email protected]

fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg dk 70

izfr'kr fgLlk Hkkjr ds Ng

jkT;ksa esa dsafær gS ftldh otg

ls Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; vlekurk dh

[kkbZ vkSj pkSM+h gqbZ gSA

vè;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd

fons'kh fuos'k ds varçZokg ij

tula[;k ?kuRo dk çHkko ux.;

gS tcfd dq'ky Je dh

miyCèkrk] vkfFkZd fodkl]

et+cwr vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk] csgrj

fo|qr mRiknu us jkT;ksa esa

,iQMhvkbZ ds varçZokg ij

vkd"kZd vkSj ldkjkRed çHkko

Mkyk gS


esa ftu dkjdksa dks fpfg~ur djrh gS] oks gSa%(1) lkekU; d+kuwu O;oLFkk] (2) vkèkkjHkwrlajpuk] (3) lkSgknZiw.kZ vkS|ksfxd lacaèk] (4)çf'kf{kr vkSj mRiknd dk;Zcy] (5) lkekftdcqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dh miyCèkrk (6) fuos'kdvuqdwy okrkoj.k] (7) jktuhfrd fLFkjrk](8) le; ij çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh eatwjhdk fuiVku] (9) U;wure ykyiQ+hrk'kkgh rFkk(10) çksRlkgu vkSj fj;k;rsa A

fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus okyhvarjZkT;h; çfrLièkkZ

Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dh ,d cM+h la[;k blfo'okl ds lkFk ,d O;kid çksRlkgu ds t+fj;s,iQMhvkbZZ ds lkFk viuk tqM+ko fn[kkrh gS fd,iQMhvkbZZ muds fodkl dks t+cjnLr c<+kok

nsxhA bu çksRlkguksa esa 'kkfey gS% cSad ls fj;k;rhnj ij C;kt+] fofHkUu fcØh dj rFkk mRikn'kqYd ls NwV] fctyh rFkk nwljs vU; ykHkksa dsfy, dj eksgyr ;kstuk,a rFkk de VSfjiQ+ nj]fof'k"V vofèk ds fy, laifÙk djksa esa dVkSrh ;kNwV vkfnA

jkT; vDlj ,sls m|ksxksa dks fpfg~ur djrsgSa rFkk mUgsa dkjksckj dks 'kq: djus ds fy,rS;kj vkèkkjHkwr cqfu;knh <kapk eqgS;k djkrs gSaftudk ifj.kke vkS|ksfxd] Ñf"k çlaLdj.krFkk vkbZVh ikdZ ds :i esa lkeus vkrk gSAjkT;ksa us 'kq: ls gh vU; vuqefr;ksa ds fy,Hkwfe ds iathdj.k ds fy, ,dy f[kM+dheatwjh ç.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dhA

mUgksaus Fkksd çfØ;kvksa dk ljyhdj.kfd;k rkfd vuqikyu esa xfr vkSj lgtrk

vk;s] Hkz"Vkpkj esa U;wurk vk;s vkSj çfØ;kvksaesa ikjnf'kZrk fn[ksA

Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa esa fons'kh fuos'k dk varçZokg

bu mik;ksa ds ckotwn Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa esa,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg dks ysdj O;kidvlekurk ns[kh tkrh jgh gSA ys[kd us vçSy2000 ls ysdj vçSy 2013 (ns[ksa rkfydk 1)ds nkSjku ,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg ds vkèkkj ijHkkjrh; jkT;ksa dks rhu Hkkxksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k gSA;s rhu oxZ gSa% mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okysjkT;] eè;e varçZokg okys jkT; rFkk fuEu,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;A

Hkkjr esa ,iQMhvkbZZ dk varçZokg Ng jkT;ksaesa T;knk l?ku gS] ;s jkT; gSa% egkjk"Vª] ubZfnYyh] rfeyukMq] dukZVd] xqtjkr rFkkvkaèkzçns'kA bu jkT;ksa us vçSy 2000 ls twu2014 rd dqy 693641 djksM+ #i;s dh,iQ+M+hvkbZ dks vkdf"kZr fd;k gS] tks Hkkjr esadqy varçZokfgr ,iQMhvkbZ dk 70 izfr'kr gS!A

bl le;karjky ds nkSjku Hkkjr ds dqy,iQMhvkbZZ ds 30 izfr'kr (320281 djksM+#i;s) dk fgLlsnkj vdsys egkjk"Vª jgk gSvkSj egkjk"Vª esa gksus okys ,iQMhvkbZZ dkT;knkrj fgLlk vdsys eqacbZ esa fuos'k gqvk gSAvr% eqacbZ u fliQ+Z Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd jktèkkuhcfYd ,iQMhvkbZZ jktèkkuh Hkh gSA ,iQMhvkbZZds ekeys esa egkjk"Vª ds ckn 214820 djksM+(20 izfr'kr) #i;s ds lkFk ubZ fnYyh dkLFkku gSA blds ckn 69161 djksM+ #i;s (6izfr'kr) ds lkFk rfeyukMq] 45292 djksM+#i;s (4 izfr'kr) ds lkFk xqtjkr rFkk 43813djksM+ #i;s (4 izfr'kr) ds lkFk rsyaxkuk]vkaèkzçns'k dk LFkku gSA

ftu jkT;ksa us vçSy 2000 ls twu 2014 dsnkSjku 4500 djksM+ #is; ls ysdj 40000djksM+ #i;s rd dh ,iQMhvkbZZ dks vkdf"kZrfd;k gS] mUgsa eè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZ jkT; ds:i esa ekuk tkrk gSA bl oxZ ds jkT;ksa esa gSa_if'pe caxky] flfDde] jktLFkku] iatkc]gfj;k.kk] fgekpy çns'k] eè;çns'k] NÙkhlx<+rFkk dsjyA

os jkT; ftUgksaus vçSy 2000 ls twu 2014ds nkSjku 4500 djksM+ #i;s ls de ds ,iQMhvkbZZdks vkdf"kZr fd;k gS] mUgsa fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZokys oxZ esa ekuk tkrk gSA bu jkT;ksa esa gSa% xksok]vksfM'kk] vle] v#.kkpy çns'k] ef.kiqj]es?kky;] fet+ksje] uxkySaM] f=kiqjk rFkk] fcgkj,oa >kj[kaMA

rkfydk 1% jkT;okj fons'kh fuos'k izokg

vkjchvkbZ vkPNkfnr jkT; 2013&14 lap;h varokZg dqy iwathdk;kZy; (vizSy&ekpZ) (04@00&06@14) çokg »

mPp fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;eqacbZ egkjk"Vª] nknjk ,oa uxj

gosyh] neu ,oa nho 20]595 320]281 30ubZ fnYyh fnYyh@,ulhvkj 38]190 214-820 20psUubZ rfeyukMq] iqMqpsjh 12]595 69]161 6caxyq# dukZVd 11]422 62]431 6vgenkckn xqtjkr 5]282 45]292 4gSnjkckn vkaèkzçns'k 4-024 43]817 4

eè;e fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;dksydkrk if'pe caxky# 2]659 13]532 1t;iqj jktLFkku 233 6]360 0-6paMhx< + paMhx<+] iatkc]

gfj;k.kk] fgekpy çns'k 562 6]148 0-6Hkksiky eè;çns'k] NÙkhlx<+ 708 5]595 0-5dksPph dsjy] y{k}hi 411 4]875 0-4

fuEu fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;i.kth xksok 103 3]660 0-4Hkqous'oj vksfM'kk 288 1]926 0-2dkuiqj ;wih]mÙkjk[kaM 150 1]962 0-2xqokgkVh iwoksZÙkj· 4 352 0iVuk fcgkj] >kj[kaM 9 228 0{ks=k ladsr ugha 50]283 286]604 26dqy ;ksx 147]518 1]076]093 100

lzksr% SEA dh osclkbV ij miyCèk vkadM+ksa ls ladfyr·vle] v#.kkpy çns'k] ef.kiqj] es?kky;] fet+ksje] uxkySaM] f=kiqjk#flfDde] vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg lesr


jktèkkfu;ka ,iQMhvkbZZ ds T;knkrj fgLls dksvkdf"kZr djrh gSaA Li"V gS fd djksa rFkk vU;jktdks"kh; fj;k;rksa ds ckotwn ,iQMhvkbZZ dqNjkT;ksa vkSj bu jkT;ksa ds dqN gh 'kgjksa esa dsfUærgSA bl rjg dh fo"kerk ds dkj.kksa dh [kkstdjus ds fy, bu jkT;ksa ds O;kid vkfFkZdladsrdksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA

fons'kh fuos'k esa {ks=kh; vlekurk ds dkj.k

Hkkjr esa ,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg dks ysdjfn[krh {ks=kh; vlekurk ds dbZ dkj.k gSa vkSj

bu dkj.kksa esa çeq[k gSa% fo'kky ckt+kj] dq'kydfeZ;ksa dh miyCèkrk] vkfFkZd of¼] cf<+;kcqfu;knh <kapk] mPp vkfFkZd Lora=krk vkSjdkjksckj ds fy, vuqdwy okrkoj.kA

tula[;k] l?kurk] f'k{kk rFkk mPp f'k{kkesa ukekadu ,oa fons'kh fuos'k

,iQMhvkbZZ tula[;k }kjk gkfly gksrk fo'kkyckt+kj] f'k{kk }kjk gkfly gksrs dq'ky dhmiyCèkrk] mPp f'k{kk esa ukekafdr gksrs vufxurNk=k rFkk fo'ofo|ky;ksa rFkk dkWystksa dh laca¼

jkT;ksa (ns[ksa rkfydk 2) esa miyCèkrk tSlsdkjdksa ls vkdf"kZr gksrk gSA gkykafd dqN Nk=knwljs jkT;ksa ;k ns'kksa esa f'k{kk gkfly djus dsfy, t+:j tkrs gSa ysfdu T;knkrj Nk=k viusgh jkT;ksa esa viuk ukekadu djkrs gSaA

,iQMhvkbZZ fo'kky ckt+kj ls vkdf"kZr gksrkgS vkSj ;g ckt+kj ml ns'k dh fo'kky tula[;kdk |ksrd gSA Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds lanHkZ esa]mÙkjçns'k lcls T;knk yksxksa okyk (16-49izfr'kr) jkT; gS ysfdu ;g ns'k dh dqy,iQMhvkbZZ ds cgqr ux.; fgLls dks vkdf"kZrdjus okyk jkT; gSA blh rjg fcgkj (Hkkjr dhdqy tula[;k dk 8-58 izfr'kr) vkSj jktLFkku(Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k dk 6-69 izfr'kr)dks Hkh mUur fd;k tk ldrk gSA

egkjk"Vª ds flyflys esa tula[;k dk vkdkj(9-29 izfr'kr) ,d ldkjkRed çHkko okykdkjd gSA nwljs uacj dh lcls T;knk tula[;kokys bl jkT; us ns'kHkj esa lcls T;knk ,iQMhvkbZZdks vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokgokys jkT;ksa esa gSa_ rfeyukMq (5-96 izfr'kr)dukZVd (5-05 izfr'kr) rFkk xqtjkr (4-99izfr'kr) tks fnYyh (1-38 izfr'kr) ,oa iqMqpsjh(0-10 izfr'kr) dks NksM+dj eè;e vkdkj dhtula[;k okys jkT; gSaA

,d jkT; esa mRikfnr oLrq vkSj lsok,a nwljsHkkjrh; jkT;ksa esa vklkuh ls miyCèk gSa vkSj ;ghdkj.k gS fd ,iQMhvkbZZ dks vkdf"kZr djusokys dkjdksa esa jkT;ksa dh tula[;k cgqr T;knkegRoiw.kZ ugha gSA

tula[;k ?kuRo ls çfr oxZ fdyksehVj esajgus okyh tula[;k dh eksVkbZ dk irk pyrkgSA c<+rk tula[;k ?kuRo lgh ek;us esa m|ksxksads fy, fo'kky Hkwfe [kaM rFkk vU; vkèkkjHkwrlajpuk okyh ifj;kstuk dh miyCèkrk dh laHkkoukdks derj djrk gSA fnYyh ,iQMhvkbZZ dh Hkkjhek=kk dks vkdf"kZr djrh gS tcfd bldk tula[;k?kuRo T;knk (11297 yksx çfr fdeh) gSA ,slkblfy, gS D;ksafd fnYyh ds vklikl m|ksxksa dhdeh ugha gSA;s m|ksx gkykafd nwljs jkT;ksa esa iM+rsgSa ysfdu ;s lc ,ulhvkj ;kuh jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh{ks=k ds varxZr vkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, uks,MkrFkk x+kft+;kckn mÙkjçns'k jkT; esa gS] tcfdxqM+xkao] iQ+jhnkckn] cgknqjx<+ gfj;k.kk jkT; esagSaA nwljs mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa dhfLFkfr esa]tula[;k ?kuRo çfr oxZ fdeh 308 ls555 yksxksa ds chp esa gSA eè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZvarçZokg okys jkT;ksa esa ;g 189 ls 9252 dschp esa gS rFkk fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys

rkfydk 2% tula[;k] lk{kjrk o fons'kh fuos'k lacaèk

jkT; » tula[;k tu?kuRo lk{kjrk fo-fo- dkWyst ukekadu

mPp fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;egkjk"Vª 9-29 365 82-91 44 4603 1955226fnYyh 1-38 11]297 86-34 25 184 278770rfeyukMq 5-96 555 80-33 59 2309 1482277iqMqpsjh 0-10 2-598 86-55 4 83 35122dukZVd 5-05 319 75-6 43 3281 1001473xqtjkr 4-99 308 79-31 37 1805 893648vkaèkzçns'k 7-00 308 67-66 47 4814 1847479

eè;orhZ fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;if'pe caxky 7-55 1]029 77-08 26 899 944075jktLFkku 5-67 201 67-06 45 2652 789479paMhx<+ 0-09 9]252 86-43 3 24 64510eè;çns'k 6-00 236 70-63 33 2061 928939NÙkhlx<+ 2-11 189 71-04 17 530 304381dsjy 2-76 859 93-91 17 962 404121

0-01 2]013 92-28 0 3 410fuEu fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;

xksok 0-12 394 87-4 2 49 278770vksfM'kk 3-47 269 73-45 19 1089 510418mÙkjçns'k 16-49 828 69-72 58 4849 2564886v#.kkpy çns'k 0-11 17 66-95 3 26 16068ef.kiqj 0-22 122 79-85 3 79 33755es?kky; 0-24 132 75-48 10 61 41633uxkyS.M 0-16 119 80-11 4 57 20026f=kiqjk 0-30 350 87-75 3 39 32800mÙkjk[kaM 0-84 189 79-63 20 395 294485vle 2-58 397 73-18 9 485 268451fcgkj 8-58 1]102 63-82 20 649 690776>kj[kaM 2-72 414 67-63 12 234 274450Hkkjr 100 382 74-04 642 34908 15956428

tu?kuRo izfroxZ fdyksehVj esa] fo-fo- = fo'ofo|ky;] lk{kjrk izfr'kr esa lzksr% ekuolalkèku foHkkx dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ rFkk tux.kuk fjiksVZ] vkfFkZd loZs{k.k ls ifjdfyr


jkT;ksa esa vkSlr tula[;k ?kuRo 17 ls 1102 dschp esa gSA

blls ;g vFkZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fdjkT;ksa ds tula[;k dk ?kuRo jkT;ksa esa çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k ij ux.; çHkko Mkyrk gSA

lk{kjrk ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ ladsrd gSftldk mi;ksx tkudkjh ds çfrfufèkRodkjhdkjd ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkaèkzçns'k(67-66 izfr'kr) dks NksM+dj] 'ks"k lHkh mPp,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa esa lk{kjrk nj

jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk nj (74-04 izfr'kr) ls T;knkgSA eè;çns'k] jktLFkku rFkk NÙkhlx<+ dksNksM+dj eè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okysjkT;ksa dh lk{kjrk jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk ls T;knk gSAfuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa (vksfM'kk]mÙkjçns'k] v#.kkpy çns'k] vle] fcgkj rFkk>kj[kaM dh lk{kjrk nj vkSlr jk"Vªh; lk{kjrknj ls de gSA

mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa esa259 fo'ofo|ky; (40-3 izfr'kr)] 17079

egkfo|ky; (48-9 izfr'kr) rFkk 7493995Nk=k mPprj f'k{kk (46-9 izfr'kr) ds fy,ukekafdr gSa] tcfd eè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokgokys jkT;ksa esa 141 fo'ofo|ky; (21-19izfr'kr)] 7131 egkfo|ky; (20-4 izfr'kr)gSa rFkk 3435915 Nk=k buesa ukekafdr (21-5izfr'kr) gSa fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okysjkT;ksa esa fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh la[;k 163 (25-3izfr'kr) egkfo|ky;ksa dh la[;k 8012 (22-9izfr'kr) gS rFkk 5026518 Nk=k (31-5 izfr'kr)ukekafdr gSaA

bl rjg blls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tkldrk gS fd jkT;ksa esa ,iQMhvkbZZ ds vkdf"kZrgksus esa dq'ky Jfedksa dh miyCèkrk dkldkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA

vkfFkZd fodkl] cqfu;knh <kapk vkSj çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k

mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa esafuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa ds eqd+kcysmPp 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn] çfrO;fDr vk;rFkk jsyos] lM+d vkfn ds fglkc ls csgrjcqfu;knh <kapk gS (ns[ksa rkfydk 3)A

if'pe caxky] dsjy rFkk eè;çns'k tSlseè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT; vkfFkZdfodkl vkSj vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ds ekeys esavPNk çn'kZu dj jgs gSa] ifj.kker% ,iQMhvkbZZdks yqHkkus esa çxfr dj jgs gSaA xksok] mÙkjk[kaMrFkk v#.kkpy çns'k dks NksM+dj fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZvarçZokg okys jkT;ksa esa nwljs jkT;ksa ds eqd+kcysçfrO;fDr vk; csgn de gSA vksfM'kk] mÙkjçns'k]vle] fcgkj rFkk >kj[kaM esa jsyos ykbu rFkklM+dksa dh yackbZ T;knk gSA buds eqd+kcys jkT;ksads vkdkj NksVs gSaA

vkfFkZd fodkl] cqfu;knh <kapk rFkk,iQMhvkbZZ vraçZokg ds chp ldkjkRed lacaèkgSA blds vykok bu jkT;ksa esa fodkl dkst+cjnLr xfr feyh gS exj blls {ks=kh;vlekurk dks Hkh [k+wc c<+kok feyk gSA

vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad vkSj çR;{k fons'khfuos'k

vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad ns'kksa ds lkFk&lkFkns'k ds Hkhrj ds jkT;ksa dks Hkh laifÙk ltuxfrfofèk;ksa ij ljdkjh fu;a=k.k dh lhek vkSjmudh la[;k ds vkèkkj ij mUgsa ntkZ çnkudjrk gS (ns[ksa rkfydk 4)A bl fglkc lsxqtjkr ns'k dk vOoy jkT; gSA O;kikj rFkkJe fofu;eu ds vkèkkj ij Hkh xqtjkr Hkkjr

rkfydk 3% thMhih] volajpuk o fons'kh fuos'k lacaèk

jkT; 'kq¼ jkT; çfr O;fDr jsyos ykbu# lM+d ekxZ# varjZk"Vªh;?kjsyw mRikn· 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw (fdeh) (fdeh) rFkk ?kjsyw(djksM+ `) mRikn· (`) gokbZ vM~Ms

mPp fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;egkjk"Vª 1239104 107670 5]602 4]257 3+9fnYyh 332521 192587 183 80 1+0rfeyukMq 671192 98550 4]062 4]943 3+3iqMqpsjh 15887 122654 11 53 ·AdukZVd 466810 77309 3]073 4]396 2+4xqtjkr 584367 96976 5]271 4]032 1+7vkaèkzçns'k 678524 78958 5]264 4]537 1+2

eè;orhZ fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;if'pe caxky 567594 62509 3]937 2681 1+2jktLFkku 410834 59097 5]784 7]130 1+0paMhx<+ 232613 50691 16 24 1+0eè;çns'k 333010 44989 4]955 5]064 2+4NÙkhlx<+ 131796 50691 1]187 2]289 0+2dsjy 309332 88527 1]050 1]457 3+0

fuEu fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;xksok 29888 161822 69 269 1+0vksfM'kk 210683 49241 2]461 3]704 0+7mÙkjçns'k 683651 33137 8]763 7818 1+0v#.kkpy çns'k 11218 78145 1 2]027 0+2ef.kiqj 10489 36474 1 1]317 0+1es?kky; 15884 59517 NA 1]171 1+0ukxkyS.M 13682 65908 13 494 0+1f=kiqjk 22453 60963 151 400 0+3mÙkjk[kaM 99157 97528 345 2042 0+2vle 126149 40475 2]434 2]940 1+3fcgkj 287129 28774 3]612 4]106 1+2>kj[kaM 141644 44045 1]984 2]170 0+3Hkkjr (dqy) 8372744 67839 64]460 76818 24+

·2012&13 ds vkadMs+] #2011&12 ds vkadMs+] lzksr% vkfFkZd loZs{k.kds vkadM+s rFkk Hkkjrh; foekuiÙku çkfèkdj.k dh osclkbV ls ifjdfyr


dk vOoy jkT; gS ysfdu ljdkj ds vkdkjds fglkc ls ;g nwljs uacj dk jkT; gS] tcfdd+kuwuh lajpuk rFkk lqj{kk ds fygkt+ ls ;gpkSFks uacj dk jkT; gSA ;gka rd fd lHkh vU;mPp ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT; 'kh"kZ 11esa gSa tcfd vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad esarfeyukMq dk ntkZ iwjs Hkkjr esa nwljk gS]vkaèkzçns'k dk rhljk] dukZVd dk ukSoka rFkkegkjk"Vª dk LFkku 11oka gSA vkfFkZd Lora=krklwpdkad ds vkèkkj ij egkjk"Vª dk 11 osa ijvk'p;Ztud gS D;ksafd Hkkjr dh dqy ,iQMhvkbZZds 30 izfr'kr fgLlk vdsys egkjk"Vª esa yxkgqvk gSA

eè;orhZ ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa esafgekpy çns'k dk LFkku ikapoka] eè;çns'k dkNBk] paMhx<+ dk vkBoka] dsjy dk nloka]iatkc dk rsjgoka rFkk if'pe caxky dk l=kgokaLFkku gSA bl rjg ,iQMhvkbZZ èkhjs èkhjs c<+ jghgSA fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa dk

vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad larks"ktud ughZ gSAifj.kkeLo:i] jkT;ksa esa ,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokgij vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad dk vPNk çHkkoiM+rk gSA

fctyh vkSj çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k

i;kZIr vkSj xq.kkRed fctyh dh miyCèkrkmPp ,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg esa egRoiw.kZHkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ftu jkT;ksa esa mPp fo|qr{kerk LFkkfir gS] ogka ,iQMhvkbZZ dk varçZokgHkh mPprj gSA

egkjk"Vª Hkkjr esa lcls T;knk ,iQMhvkbZZokyk jkT; gS vkSj 2012&12 ds nkSjku 23-73xhxkokV LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk ds lkFk lclsT;knk gSA bl ekeys esa xqtjkr dk nwljk LFkkugS ftldh LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk 22-79 xhxkokVdh gS] rfeyukMq dh LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk 15-60 xhxkokV] vkaèkzçns'k dh 13-79 xhxkokV rFkkdukZVd dh 12-13 xhxkokV gS]tks ,iQMhvkbZZ

varçZokg ds fygkt+ ls cM+s jkT; gSaA eè;orhZ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT;ksa] tSls (jktLFkkudh LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk 9-86 xhxkokV] if'pecaxky dh 7-57 xhxkokV] eè;çns'k dh LFkkfirfo|qr {kerk 6-32 xhxkokV] NÙkhlx<+ dh 4-03xhxkokV rFkk dsjy dh 2-49 xhxkokV gS vkSj;s jkT; viuh LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk esa yxkrkjc<+ksrjh dj jgs gSaA fuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokgokys jkT;ksa] tSls (mÙkjçns'k dh LFkkfir fo|qr{kerk 9-36 xhxkokV rFkk vksfM+'kk dh 5-33xhxkokV gS] tcfd ckd+h jkT;ksa dh LFkkfirfo|qr {kerk ,d xhxkokV ls Hkh de gSA blrjg LFkkfir fo|qr {kerk vkSj ,iQMhvkbZZvarçZokg ds chp ,d ldkjkRed lacaèk gSA

fu"d"kZ

,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg dk 70 izfr'kr fgLlkHkkjr ds Ng jkT;ksa esa dsafær gS ftldh otgls Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; vlekurk dh [kkbZ vkSjpkSM+h gqbZ gSA vè;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg ij tula[;k ?kuRo dkçHkko ux.; gS tcfd dq'ky Je dh miyCèkrk]vkfFkZd fodkl] et+cwr vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk]csgrj fo|qr mRiknu us jkT;ksa esa ,iQMhvkbZZ dsvarçZokg ij vkd"kZd vkSj ldkjkRed çHkkoMkyk gS ysfdu vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad dkjkT; esa ,iQMhvkbZZ ds varçZokg ij lhferçHkko iM+rk gSA

jkT; ljdkj dks pkfg, fd og fons'khfuos'kdksa dks fj;k;r nsus dh ctk; viusvkèkkjHkwr <kaps dks etcwr djus ij viukè;ku t+~;knk dsfUær djsA ;fn eè;orhZ rFkkfuEu ,iQMhvkbZZ varçZokg okys jkT; viusvfHk'kklu dks mUur djs]mlesa ikjnf'kZrk yk;as]Hkz"Vkpkj ij yxke yxk;as] vkèkkjHkwr <kapkmiyCèk djk;s rFkk vius jkT; dks vkSj T;knkxfr'khy vkSj thoar cuk;sa rks ,iQMhvkbZZ dsvarçZokg ls lac¼ jkT;ksa ds fodkl dks i;kZIrçksRlkgu fey ldrk gSA �

rkfydk 4% vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad 2013

jkT; lexz vkfFkZd Je vkSj d+kuwuh <kapk ljdkj dkLora=krk jsfVax O;kikj fofu;eu rFkk lqj{kk vkdkj

dqy jSad {ks=k5 jSad {ks=k2 jSad {ks=k1 jSadmPp fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;

egkjk"Vª 0-42 11 0-43 6 0-16 17 0-68 3rfeyukMq 0-54 2 0-51 2 0-55 2 0-57 10dukZVd 0-43 9 0-44 5 0-35 11 0-49 16xqtjkr 0-65 1 0-87 1 0-39 9 0-69 2vkaèkzçns'k 0-50 3 0-40 8 0-50 4 0-59 6

eè;orhZ fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;if'pe caxky 0-35 17 0-29 17 0-14 18 0-62 5jktLFkku 0-46 7 0-29 16 0-55 3 0-54 12eè;çns'k 0-47 6 0-40 9 0-62 1 0-38 20NÙkhlx<+ 0-44 8 0-39 10 0-47 5 0-47 18dsjy 0-42 10 0-42 7 0-31 13 0-53 13fgekpy çns'k 0-47 5 0-46 3 0-33 12 0-62 4iatkc 0-40 13 0-19 20 0-43 6 0-58 9

fuEu fons'kh fuos'k varçZokg okys jkT;vksfM'kk 0-36 15 0-33 12 0-26 14 0-50 15mÙkjçns'k 0-36 16 0-32 13 0-37 10 0-38 19vle 0-32 19 0-26 18 0-13 19 0-58 8fcgkj 0-31 20 0-30 15 0-12 20 0-52 14>kj[kaM 0-33 18 0-20 19 0-20 16 0-59 7mÙkjk[kaM 0-39 14 0-46 4 0-24 15 0-48 17

lzksr% Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa ds fy, vkfFkZd Lora=krk jSafdax] 2013

;kstuk esa izdk'ku ds fy, vkys[kvkeaf=kr gSaA vkxkeh vadksa ds fy, ?kksf"krfo"k;ksa ij vius ekSfyd ,oa vizdkf'kry s[ k vki ge s a b Ze sy }kj [email protected] ij ;k Mkd}kjk laikndh; dk;kZy; ds irs ijHkst ldrs gSaA

& laiknd

viuh jpuk,a Hkstsa


YH - 261/2014


200 ns'kksa esa cls gq,] LFkkfir vkSj iQyiQwyjgs gSaA mudh okLrfod la[;k rhu djksM+ dsvklikl gksxhA fuLlansg] varjkZ"Vªh; Hkkjrh;viusvki esa ,d jk"Vª gSaA fygktk mudsfooknksa ds lacaèk esa ,d oSf'od dkuwu dhxaHkhj t:jr gSA vkoztu] jk"Vªh;rk] 'kknh]rykd] tcju fookg] cPps dks ysdj ifrvkSj iRuh ds chp [khaprku] nkaiR; xqtkjkHkRrk] oSokfgd laifRr dk caVokjk] varnsZ'kh;nRrd xzg.k] mRrjkfèkdkj vkSj fojklr] Hkkjrh;laifRr dk dCtk rFkk fdjk, dh dks[k tSlsdbZ ekeys vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa rFkk Hkkjr vkSjfons'k esa muds foLr`r ifjokjksa ds chp laidZls tqM+s gq, gSaA fdlh Hkh ifjofrZr ;k la'kksfèkrHkkjrh; dkuwu vkSj u, nkSj ds bu elyksa ijdkuwu dh rkfdZd O;k[;k ds vHkko esa fons'khvnkyrksa vkSj fofèkdfeZ;ksa dks bu leL;kvksadks lqy>kus esa dkiQh fnDdrsa vkrh gSaA fons'khdkuwuksa dh mi;qDrrk] fons'k esa lquk, x,iQSlyksa dh oSèkrk vkSj Hkkjrh; vnkyrksa dsoSls iQSlys ftuds izfriknu dh t:jr gS] ;slc Hkh buls tqM+s elys gSaA budh O;k[;kvkSj bu ij fo'ks"kK jk; dh njdkj gSA

oSf'od Hkkjrh;ksa ls lacafèkr lHkh dkuwuikap n'kd ls T;knk iqjkus gks pqds gSaA os le;dh dlkSVh ij [kjs ugha mrjrsA ifjo¼Zu vkSjla'kksèku ds fcuk ;s dkuwu viuh mi;ksfxrk[kks pqds gSa vkSj ekStwnk le; dh ikfjokfjdleL;kvksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; lanHkZ esa lekèkkuugha nsrsA U;k;kfèkdkj lhek dk Vdjko leL;kvksadks bruk vfèkd xaHkhj vkSj tfVy cuk nsrkgS fd lekèkku gh laHko ugha gksrkA bldsifj.kkeLo:i ?kj VwVrs gSa vkSj ifjokjksa dkfoHkktu gks tkrk gSA

vfuy eYgks=kk

fo'ks"k vkys[k

vizklafxd dkuwu% vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh d'ked'k

laizHkq] lektoknh] èkeZfujis{k

vkSj yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT; dh

'kiFk ysus okys ge Hkkjroklh

jk"Vªh;rk ds vius elyksa ij

iQSlyk djus vkSj Hkkjrh; ewy

ds yksxksa dks lekèkku fnykus esa

iwjh rjg l{ke gSaA vktknh ds

ckn ds gekjs dkuwu lekèkku

eqgS;k djkrs gSaA gekjh thoar

U;k;ikfydk lafoèkku ds rgr

lqfuf'pr ekSfyd Lora=krk dh

j{kk ds fy, mudh O;k[;k

djrh gSA blfy, vktknh ls

igys ds mu dkuwuksa dks dkuwu

dh fdrkc ls gVk fn;k tkuk

pkfg, tks vkt ds vfèkdkjksa ds

f[kykiQ gSaA

ys[kd vfèkoDrk gSaA og varjkZ"Vªh; fofèk la?k (vkbZ,y,) dh ikfjokfjd fofèk lfefr esa Hkkjrh; izfrfufèk gSaA lkFk gh iatkc ljdkj esa vfuoklh Hkkjrh; ekeyksa dslykgdkj Hkh gSaA mUgksus vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ls lacafèkr dbZ iqLrdsa Hkh fy[kh gSaA bZesy% [email protected], [email protected]

"kZ 2015 esa egkRek xkaèkh dhHkkjr okilh ds 100 lky iwjs gksjgs gSaA bl egku 'krkCnh dks eukus

ds fy, izoklh Hkkjrh; fnol ukS tuojh] 2015dks vgenkckn esa vk;ksftr fd;k tk,xkA bllekjksg dk edln lHkh fons'kh Hkkjrh;ksa dkmudh ekrHkwfe ij Lokxr djuk gSA izèkkuea=khus vesfjdk esa U;w;kWdZ ds esfMlu LVsfM;e esafo'kky HkhM+ dks mYykl Hkjs ygts esa lacksfèkrdjrs gq, Hkkjr ds njokts Hkkjroaf'k;ksa ds fy,[kksy fn,A mUgksaus Hkkjrh; ewy ds O;fDr;ksa(ihvkbZvks) dks vkthou ohlk fcuk fdlhijs'kkuh ds eqgS;k djkus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA xgea=kky; us ihvkbZvks dkMZ dks vkthou oSèkrknsus ls lacafèkr vfèklwpuk 30 flracj dks tkjhdj nhA vfèklwpuk esa ihvkbZvks dkMZ èkkjdksadks iqfyl dks lwfpr djus vkSj fons'kh {ks=kh;iathdj.k dk;kZy; esa jftLVªs'ku ls NwV nh xbZgSA ;gka rd rks lc Bhd gSA exj bu lq[kkHkklhdneksa dk Lokxr djus ds lkFk gh gesa viusvanj >kad dj Hkh ns[kuk pkfg,A

gesa fopkj djuk pkfg, fd ge viusvfuoklh Hkkjrh; Hkkb;ksa dks muds ifjokjvkSj lekt ls tqM+s dkuwuksa ds :i esa D;k nsjgs gSaA vfuoklh Hkkjrh; mEehn djrs gSa fd;s dkuwu cnyrh lkekftd t:jrksa ds vuqdwygksaA ;g ns[kus dh ckr gS fd rst izxfr vkSjfodkl ds bl nkSj esa D;k ;s Hkkjrh; dkuwubl dlkSVh ij [kjs mrjrs gSaA gesa lcls igysvius dkuwuksa vkSj mudh t:jr ds ewY;kaduds fy, ,d fjiksVZ dkMZ rS;kj djuk gksxkA

fons'kh Hkkjrh;ksa ls lacafèkr ekeyksa dsea=kky; ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 21]90]9875ls vfèkd vfuoklh Hkkjrh; fo'o ds yxHkx

o


i`"BHkwfe

ikliksVZ viuh izÑfr vkSj mn~ns'; esa fdlhO;fDr dh ukxfjdrk dks ekU;rk nsus okyknLrkost gSA ;g èkkjd dh eqDr ;k=kk ds fy,vU; ns'kksa ls vuqjksèk djrk gSA bls èkkjd }kjkt:jh ?kks"k.kk,a fd, tkus ds ckn tkjh fd;ktkrk gSA bls jk"Vªh;rk dk fuèkkZj.k djus okyhvkfèkdkfjd ,tsalh dh ekU;rk gksrh gSA fdlh Hkhukxfjd dks Hkkjrh; ikliksVZ mldh Hkkjr dhjk"Vªh;rk dh iqf"V ds i'pkr~ gh tkjh fd;k tkrkgS ysfdu bls ikliksVZ dkuwu] 1967 ds rgr dqNfuèkkZfjr 'krksZa vkSj dkuwuu t:jh izfØ;k dkikyu djrs gq, tCr ;k jn~n Hkh fd;k tk ldrkgSA mPpre U;k;ky; us lroar flag lkguhcuke lgk;d ikliksVZ vfèkdkjh] ubZ fnYyhekeys esa 1967 ds vius iQSlys esa dgk gS fdikliksVZ ls oafpr fd;k tkuk lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn

fofHkUu mn~ns';ksa ds fy, ikliksVZ (Hkkjr esaizos'k) vfèkfu;e] 1920] fons'kh iathdj.kvfèkfu;e] 1939 vkSj fons'kh vfèkfu;e] 1946dk bLrseky dj jgs gSaA vkSifuosf'kd 'kkluds nkSjku cuk, x, T;knkrj ,sls dkuwu csdkjgks pqds gSaA os izkd`frd U;k; ds fl¼karksa ij[kjs ugha mrjrs rFkk vfu;af=kr] HksnHkkoiw.kZvkSj fujadq'k vfèkdkj iznku djrs gSaA bUgsadkuwu dh fdrkc ls gVk, tkus dh xaHkhjvko';drk gS fiQj Hkh ge bu dkuwuksa dks<ks, tk jgs gSaA

,d iw.kZ dkuwu

ikliksVZ vfèkfu;e] 1967 ikliksVZ vkSj;k=kk nLrkost tkjh fd, tkus ls lacafèkrviusvki esa ,d iw.kZ dkuwu gSA blesa ikliksVZesa ifjorZu rFkk mls tCr vkSj jn~n fd,tkus ds fy, ,d oSèkkfud izfØ;k dh O;oLFkkgSA izHkkfor O;fDr dks bl vfèkfu;e dsrgr ltk vkSj tqekZus ds f[kykiQ vihydjus dk vfèkdkj Hkh fn;k x;k gSA nwljhvksj ikliksVZ (Hkkjr esa izos'k) vfèkfu;e]1920 vkSj fons'kh vfèkfu;e] 1946 fcukdkuwuh izfØ;k dk ikyu fd, fdlh HkhO;fDr dks Hkkjr ls gVkus ;k fudkyus dsiw.kZ vkSj vlhfer vfèkdkj nsrk gSA yksdrkaf=kdns'k esa bu rhuksa dkuwuksa dk ,d lkFk cusjguk dkuwu ds jkt ds fl¼kar ds f[kykiQvkSj fojksèkkHkklh gSA bldh U;kf;d leh{kkdh i;kZIr xqatkb'k gSA o"kZ 1920 vkSj 1946ds dkuwuksa esa utjcanh] fgjklr] dSn vkSjfcuk lquokbZ Hkkjr ls fu"dklu ds tks vfèkdkjfn, x, gSa muls Li"V rkSj ij Hkkjrh;lafoèkku ds rgr lqfuf'pr thou vkSj futhLora=krk ds ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?kugksrk gSA blfy, Lora=krk ls igys ds budkuwuksa dks cuk, j[kus ds rdZ xyr vkSjekSfyd Lora=krk ds f[kykiQ gSaA

ukxfjdrk dk lafgrkc¼ dkuwu

ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 dk lacaèk Hkkjrh;ukxfjdrk ds xzg.k vkSj fuèkkZj.k ls gSA bldhèkkjk 09 ds rgr Hkkjr dk dksbZ Hkh ukxfjd vxjLosPNk ls nwljs ns'k dh ukxfjdrk gkfly djrkgS rks og Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ugha jgsxkA ;g èkkjkfons'kh ukxfjdrk xzg.k dh fLFkfr esa Hkkjrh;ukxfjdrk [kRe fd, tkus ds ckjs esa ,d iw.kZlafgrk gSA ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e ds rgr vius

vfèkdkjksa dk bLrseky djrs gq, dsUnz ljdkj usbl dkuwu ds mn~ns';ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy,ukxfjdrk fu;e] 2009 cuk, gSaA bu fu;eksa dsfu;e 40 ds rgr dsUnz ljdkj bl ckjs esaiQSlyk dj ldrh gS fd D;k fdlh Hkkjrh;ukxfjd us nwljs ns'k dh ukxfjdrk gkfly dh gSAvkSj vxj mlus nwljs ns'k dh ukxfjdrk xzg.kdh gS rks dc vkSj dSlsA ysfdu ;g iQSlyk djrsle; mls bu fu;eksa ds rgr vuqlwph rhu dhizfØ;k dk ikyu djuk gksxkA

ukxfjdrk fu;eksa dh vuqlwph rhu dseq[; fcanq bl izdkj gSa&

1- dsUnz ljdkj dks ;fn yxrk gS fd Hkkjrds fdlh ukxfjd us LosPNk ls fdlhvU; ns'k dh ukxfjdrk gkfly dh gS rksog mlls tokc ryc djsxhA og mls

21 ds rgr futh Lora=krk ds vfèkdkj dk guugSA esudk xkaèkh cuke Hkkjr ljdkj ekeys esa1978 esa mPpre U;k;ky; us nksgjk;k fd ikliksVZtCr djus dk vkns'k ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dsf[kykiQ ugha gksuk pkfg,A

fookn

fczfV'k jkt esa cuk, x, dkuwuksa ds bLrsekydks ysdj Hkkjr esa cgl tkjh gS ysfdu fczVsuus 1849 vkSj 1942 ds chp cuk, x, mu 38dkuwuksa dks okil ysus dh izfØ;k 'kq: Hkh djnh gS tks fczfV'k jkt ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; jsyusVodZ ds fuekZ.k vkSj j[kj[kko ls lacafèkrgSaA Hkkjr esa Hkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa us viuh muvyekfj;ksa ls tkys gVkus dh 'kq#vkr dh gStgka gok vkSj èkwi 'kk;n gh dHkh igqaprh gksAblds rgr iqjkus iM+ pqds dkuwuksa dh igpkudh tk jgh gS exj mUgsa [kRe djus dhizfØ;k vHkh 'kq: ugha gqbZA ikliksVZ vfèkfu;e]1967 vkSj ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1952 lalnls ikfjr fd, tk pqds gSa ysfdu ge vc Hkh

,d fuèkkZfjr le; nsdj ;g lkfcrdjus ds fy, dgsxh fd mlus ml ns'kdh ukxfjdrk LosPNk ls ugha yh gSA blckr dks lkfcr djus dh ftEesnkjh mlO;fDr fo'ks"k ij gh gksxhA

2- dsUnz ljdkj bl rjg ds ekeyksa esa mlns'k esa vius nwrkokl vkSj ogka dh ljdkjls lgk;rk ys ldrh gSA bl rjg lsgkfly fdlh Hkh fjiksVZ ;k lwpuk ij ogdk;Zokgh dj ldrh gSA

3- vxj dksbZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjd fdlh Hkhrkjh[k dks fdlh vU; ns'k dh ljdkj lsikliksVZ gkfly djrk gS rks bls bl ckrdk iq[rk lcwr ekuk tk,xk fd mlus mlfnu ls igys gh LosPNk ls lacafèkr ns'k dhukxfjdrk gkfly dj yh gSA

mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk iq"V dkuwu

ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 dh èkkjk 09(2) vkSj ukxfjdrk fu;e 1956 ds fu;e 30ds rgr dsUnz ljdkj dks ;g fuèkkZfjr djusdk vfèkdkj gS fd Hkkjr ds fdlh ukxfjd usLosPNk ls fons'k dh ukxfjdrk gkfly djus

o"kZ 1920 vkSj 1946 ds dkuwuksaesa utjcanh] fgjklr] dSn vkSj fcuklquokbZ Hkkjr ls fu"dklu ds tksvfèkdkj fn, x, gSa muls Li"V rkSjij Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds rgr lqfuf'prthou vkSj futh Lora=krk ds ekSfydvfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku gksrk gSA

fczfV'k jkt esa cuk, x, dkuwuksads bLrseky dks ysdj Hkkjr esa cgltkjh gSA ysfdu fczVsu us 1849 vkSj1942 ds chp cuk, x, mu 38 dkuwuksadks okil ysus dh izfØ;k 'kq: Hkh djnh gS tks fczfV'k jkt ds nkSjku Hkkjrh;jsy usVodZ ds fuekZ.k vkSj j[kj[kkols lacafèkr gSaA


ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk [kks nh gSA fdlhO;fDr ds f[kykiQ fliQZ bl vkèkkj ij ns'kfudkyk ;k vnkyrh dk;Zokgh dk vkns'ktkjh ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd mlds fons'khikliksVZ gkfly djus ds lcwr gSaA blds fy,vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 09 (2) ds rgr dsUnzljdkj dk iQSlyk t:jh gSA blds vykok]èkkjk 09 (2) ds rgr dsUnz ljdkj dhrgdhdkr ,d v¼Z U;kf;d tkap gSA mPpreU;k;ky; us vkaèkz izns'k ljdkj cuke vCnqy[kknj (1961)] vkaèkz izns'k ljdkj cukelS;n eksgEen (1962) vkSj mRrj izns'k ljdkjcuke jgerqYyk (1971) ekeyksa esa dkuwuds bl igyw dks Li"V dj fn;k gSA fygktkdkuwu esa jk"Vªh;rk ds fuèkkZj.k dh izfØ;klqLFkkfir gks pqdh gSA

u, oxZ

lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 09 vkSj ukxfjdrkvfèkfu;e] 1955 dh èkkjk 09 ds rgr nksgjhukxfjdrk izfrcafèkr gSA ysfdu Hkkjr dh 1-2 vjc dh vkcknh esa ls rhu djksM+ vfuoklhHkkjrh;ksa ds yxHkx 180 fons'kksa esa cls gksus dsdkj.k bl izkoèkku esa dqN fj;k;rsa nh xbZ gSaAHkkjrh; ewy ds O;fDr;ksa dks lhfer ykHk nsusds fy, ihvkbZvks vkSj fons'kh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd(vkslhvkbZ) ds ntsZ cuk, x, gSaA bl rjgihvkbZvks vkSj vkslhvkbZ dks Hkkjr esa lhfervfèkdkj izkIr gSaA mUgsa fdlh ohlk] iathdj.k]eatwjh ;k vU; btktrksa ds fcuk Hkkjr esafuokl dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA lafoèkku dsvuqPNsn ikap ds rgr dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDrftldk ewy Hkkjr esa gS vkSj tks Hkkjr esatUek gks ;k ftlds ekrk&firk Hkkjr esa tUesgksa vFkok tks lafoèkku ykxw gksus ds cknde&ls&de ikap lky rd Hkkjr dk lkekU;fuoklh jgk gks og Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gksxkA

blds vkèkkj ij vkSj Hkkjrh; dkuwu dhO;k[;k ds tfj, Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk ds vfèkdkjdk fuèkkZj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ukxfjdrk dk fuèkkZj.k

1946 ds vfèkfu;e esa ,sls fonsf'k;ksa dsukxfjdrk fuèkkZj.k dh O;oLFkk gS ftUgsa ,dls T;knk ns'k ds ukxfjd ds :i esa ekU;rkfeyh gqbZ gks ;k ftudh ukxfjdrk lafnXèk gSAvfèkfu;e ds rgr ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks ml ns'k

djrs gq, mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk gS fddsUnz ljdkj tc rd v¼Z U;kf;d tkap dstfj, bl iQSlys ij ugha igqaprh fd dksbZO;fDr Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ugha jgk] rc rd mlsns'k ls fudkyk ;k fudyus dk vkns'k fn;kugha tk ldrkA ,d fons'kh ikliksVZ fdlhO;fDr dks fons'kh djkj nsus ds fy, i;kZIrugha gSA viuh ukxfjdrk dk fuèkkZj.k mldkekSfyd vfèkdkj gSA vc le; vk x;k gStc gekjh laln dks ukxfjdrk ds fuèkkZj.k esafufgr vktknh] futh Lora=krk vkSj izkÑfrdU;k; ds bl fl¼kar dks ekU;rk nsuh pkfg,A

cgl ds eqn~ns

vkt ds lkekftd okrkoj.k esa varjkZ"Vªh;Hkkjrh;ksa dks ihvkbZvks ;k vkslhvkbZ dk ntkZfey ldrk gSA vxj os viuh ekr`Hkwfe lsfiQj ls tqM+uk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa ekSfydLora=krk dk guu djus okys 1920 vkSj 1946ds vkSifuosf'kd izkoèkkuksa ds rgr fons'khdjkj nsdj ns'k ls ckgj ugha fd;k tkukpkfg,A ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 [kqn lkSgknZrS;kj djrk gSA ekStwnk le; esa fliQZ fons'khikliksVZ j[kus ds vkèkkj ij fdlh dksvkuu&iQkuu esa Hkkjr ls ckgj ugha fd;k tkldrkA fiQj gesa 1920 vkSj 1946 ds dkuwuksadks D;ksa cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A bUgsa rks mlle; dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fonsf'k;ksa ds izos'k dksfu;fer djus ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA ;gxaHkhj elyk gS ftldh vksj laln dk è;kutkuk pkfg,A

oDr dh t:jr

orZeku esa Hkkjrh; ewy ds O;fDr;ksa dksoSf'od naifr;ksa ds chp oSokfgd erHksn vkSjfons'kh vfèkokl ls mits jk"Vªh;rk ds ekeys tSlselyksa ls :c: gksuk iM+ jgk gSA ekStwnk lanHkZ

dk ukxfjd ekuk tk,xk ftlls os lclsutnhdh rkSj ij tqM+s fn[kkbZ nsrs gksaA o"kZ 1920vkSj 1946 ds vfèkfu;e ,sls fons'kh dhjk"Vªh;rk ds fuèkkZj.k ds fy, dksbZ eap ;kizfØ;k eqgS;k djk, fcuk mls ns'k ls fu"dkludh btktr nsrs gSaA mls bl izfØ;k esa dksbZoSèkkfud vfèkdkj ugha fn;k x;k gSA bulokyksa dks fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fdlh HkhVªkbC;wuy dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha gSA nwljh vksjukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 vkSj ukxfjdrkfu;e] 2009 esa dgk x;k gS fd dsUnz ljdkjbl ckjs esa lcls igys iQSlyk djsxh fd D;kfdlh O;fDr us nwljs ns'k dh ukxfjdrk yh gSAvkSj ;fn mlus nwljs ns'k dh ukxfjdrk yh gSrks dc vkSj dSlsA bu izkoèkkuksa dh O;k[;k

ukxfjdrk vkSj fonsf'k;ksa ls tqM+s dkuwu ,d utj esa

fons'kh iathdj.k vfèkfu;e] 1939 Hkkjr esa fonsf'k;ksa ds iathdj.k dk izkoèkku djus okyk dkuwu1939 ds dkuwu ds rgr cuk, x, fu;e fons'kh iathdj.k fu;e] 1939 dh txg tkjh fd, x, fons'kh iathdj.k fu;e] 1992fons'kh vfèkfu;e] 1946 fonsf'k;ksa ds lacaèk esa dsUnz ljdkj dks dqN [kkl vfèkdkj nsus okyk dkuwufons'kh vkns'k] 1948 1946 ds dkuwu dh èkkjk 03 ds rgr tkjh vkns'k Hkkjr ls jokuxh dh btktr lacaèkhfons'kh (fVªC;wuy) vkns'k] 1964 1946 ds dkuwu dh èkkjk 03 ds rgr O;fDr dh ukxfjdrk tkapus ds fy, tkjhikliksVZ (Hkkjr esa izos'k) vfèkfu;e] 1920 Hkkjr esa izos'k djus okys O;fDr;ksa dh ikliksVZ dh vko';drk ls lacafèkr dkuwuikliksVZ vfèkfu;e] 1967 Hkkjr ls izLFkku ds fu;eu ds fy, ikliksVZ vkSj ;k=kk nLrkost ds izkoèkku ls lacafèkrukxfjdrk dkuwu] 1955 Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk ds xzg.k vkSj fuèkkZj.k ls lacafèkrukxfjdrk fu;e] 2009 ukxfjdrk dkuwu] 1955 ds rgr cuk, x, fu;e

orZeku esa Hkkjrh; ewy ds O;fDr;ksadks oSf'od naifr;ksa ds chp oSokfgderHksn vkSj fons'kh vfèkokl ls mitsjk"Vªh;rk ds ekeys tSls elyksa ls :c:gksuk iM+ jgk gSA ekStwnk lanHkZ esa visf{kr#[k rks ;g gksxk fd fofèk iz.kkyh dsrgr mfpr eapksa vkSj izkfèkdj.kksa dkxBu fd;k tk, ftlls lquokbZ vkSjleL;k fuokj.k dk volj nsdj buekeyksa dks lqy>k;k tk ldsA


esa visf{kr #[k rks ;g gksxk fd fofèk iz.kkyh dsrgr mfpr eapksa vkSj izkfèkdj.kksa dk xBu fd;ktk, ftlls lquokbZ vkSj leL;k fuokj.k dkvolj nsdj bu ekeyksa dks lqy>k;k tk ldsAfdlh O;fDr dks fons'kh U;k; {ks=k esa Hkst nsuk rksfons'k ds 'kklu ds lkeus vkReleiZ.k dj nsukgksxkA laizHkq] lektoknh] èkeZfujis{k vkSj yksdrkaf=kdx.kjkT; dh 'kiFk ysus okys ge Hkkjroklhjk"Vªh;rk ds vius elyksa ij iQSlyk djus vkSjHkkjrh; ewy ds yksxksa dks lekèkku fnykus esa iwjhrjg l{ke gSaA vktknh dsckn ds gekjs dkuwu lekèkkueqgS;k djkrs gSaA gekjh thoarU;k;ikfydk lafoèkku dsrgr lqfuf'pr ekSfydLora=krk dh j{kk ds fy,mudh O;k[;k djrh gSAblfy, vktknh ls igysds mu dkuwuksa dks dkuwudh fdrkc ls gVk fn;ktkuk pkfg, tks vkt dsvfèkdkjksa ds f[kykiQ gSaAblds vykok foèkkf;dk }kjkvarjkZ"Vªh; Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy,u, dkuwu cuk, tkus dhxaHkhj t:jr gSA nks ns'kksa dsnaifr;ksa ds chp cPps dslaj{k.k dks ysdj fookn rqjarfpark dk fo"k; gSA bl rjgds ekeyksa esa eklwe cPpksadks ekrk vkSj firk ds chpyM+kbZ dk f'kdkj cuk;ktkrk gSA larku dk bLrsekyfuth fookn dks lqy>kus dsfy, buke ds rkSj ij fd;ktkrk gSA dks[k cspus dkO;olk; Hkkjr esa dkiQhiQyiQwy jgk gSA bls fu;ferdjus ds fy, dkuwu cukusvkSj mlds ikyu dh dkuwuhizfØ;k r; djus dh l[rt:jr gSA ekuo rLdjhvkSj voSèk vkoztu ds?kkrd O;kikj esa èkks[ksckt,tsaVksa }kjk 'kksf"kr gksus okysHkkjrh;ksa dh dherh tkusacpkus ds fy, ,d dsUnzh;dkuwu dh t:jr gSA nairh

xqtkjk HkRrk vfèkdkjksa vkSj fookg ls lacafèkrdkuwuksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; ikfjokfjd dkuwu ds izkoèkkuksads vuq:i cuk, tkus dh t:jr gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij cPpksa dks xksn fy,tkus ds fy, u;k fu;ked dkuwu cuk;ktkuk pkfg,A ekStwnk le; esa gekjh iwjhÅtkZ O;kolkf;d dkuwuksa ij dsfUnzr gSAH k k j r e s a i f jo k j v k S j le kt l slacafèkr dkuwuksa ds lkFk lkSrsyk crkZo fd;ktk jgk gSA

ifj.kkeLo:i 50 lky ls T;knk le;esa dqN Hkh ugha cnyk gSA gesa vius fopkjksaesa cnyko ykuk gksxkA ;fn ge vius fons'khHkkjrh;ksa dks Hkkjr esa eqDr izos'k nsukpkgrs gSa rks igys gesa mUgsa ,d fLFkj ?kj],d [kq'kgky ikfjokfjd thou vkSj jgusds fy, ,d vkjkensg lekt nsuk gksxkAHkkjrh; dkuwu vc vyxko esa ugha jgldrsA mUgsa fons'kh dkuwuksa ds lkFk rkyesycukuk gksxkA �


l lky ebZ esa dsaæ esa ubZ ljdkjds xBu ds ckn varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj le>kSrksa dh leh{kk dh

ppkZ,a 'kq: gqbZaA otg Fkh chrs nks lky esafu;kZr dh jÝrkj dk csgn èkhek gksukA ;ghugha ns'k esa vkus okys çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dhjÝrkj Hkh èkheh iM+ jgh FkhA blfy, lokymBus yxs fd dgha fons'k O;kikj le>kSrksa dh[kkfe;ka gh rks bldh otg ugha gSa\ ckr HkkjrvkSj vU; ns'kksa o ns'kksa ds lewgksa ds lkFk gq,varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrksa dh leh{kk vkSjmu ij fiQj ls ckrphr dk nkSj 'kq# djus rdigqap xbZA

çèkkuea=kh us [kqn bu le>kSrksa dh leh{kkdh t:jr crkbZA ljdkj us bu le>kSrksa dhleh{kk 'kq: dh vkSj varr% ik;k fd bulsHkkjrh; fu;kZr dks cgqr vfèkd uqdlku ughagks jgk gS ysfdu leh{kk esa bl ckr dht:jr eglwl dh xbZ fd Hkfo"; esa gksus okysbu le>kSrksa ds fcanq r; djrs oDr bl ckrdk [kkl è;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg, ftlls Hkkjrdks bu le>kSrksa dk vfèkdre ykHk feyldsA [kklrkSj ij Hkkjr ds fofuekZ.k {ks=k ijfdlh rjg dk udkjkRed vlj u gksA nqfu;kHkj esa le; le; ij varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjle>kSrksa ij loky mBrs jgs gSaA bu le>kSrksadh otg ls çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds çokg ijiM+us okyk vlj Hkh ppkZ dk fo"k; jgk gSAdbZ fjiksVksZa ftuesa oYZM bUosLVesaV fjiksVZ Hkh'kkfey gS] esa varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrksa vkSjçR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ij iM+us okys vlj dkvè;;u Hkh fd;k x;kA ,slh gh ,d fjiksVZcrkrh gS fd chrs nks n'kdksa esa çR;{k fons'khfuos'k dk çokg ds c<+us dh jÝrkj fu;kZr dh

fufru çèkku

ifj.kke

fons'kh fuos'k çokg c<+k ldrs gSa O;kikj le>kSrs

jÝrkj ls rst jgh gSA oSf'od O;kikj ijla;qDr jk"Vª dh ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd rks1990 ls 2009 ds chp çR;{k fons'kh fuos'kdk çokg fu;kZr c<+us dh rqyuk esa ikap xqukrd c<+kA

1990 ds ckn ls Hkkjr lesr nqfu;k ds cM+sfgLls esa mnkj vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dk çpyu c<+kgSA blds pyrs u fliQZ çR;{k fons'kh fuos'kdk çokg fofHkUu ns'kksa esa c<+k gS cfYd {ks=kh;vkSj f}i{kh; O;kikj le>kSrksa dh la[;k esa Hkhrhoz o`f¼ gqbZ gSA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd bule>kSrksa esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dk fo'ks"kè;ku j[kk x;k gSA fofHkUu ns'kksa vkSj ns'kksa dslewgksa ds chp gq, bu le>kSrksa esa ,iQMhvkbZds fy, [kkl çkoèkku fd, x, gSaA O;kikjle>kSrksa dk ;g u;k Lo:i O;kikj vkSjfuos'k ds çokg dks lkFk ysdj pyrk gSA

vFkZO;oLFkk dh jÝrkj c<+kus esa ,iQMhvkbZus cM+h Hkwfedk r; dh gSA [kklrkSj ij 1990ds ckn ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds fodkl esa ,iQMhvkbZ,d cM+s dkjd ds rkSj ij mHkj dj vk;kAHkkjr esa Hkh bldk vlj fn[kk gSA ekuk tkrkgS fd ,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg c<+us ds ckn ghphu ds ckn Hkkjr Hkh nqfu;k ds vkfFkZd uD'ksij viuh igpku lkfcr dj ldk gSA brukgh ugha ,f'k;k ç'kkar {ks=k esa gq, {ks=kh;O;kikj le>kSrksa us bl {ks=k dks ,d ubZigpku nh gSA

vkfl;ku dk xBu vkSj mlds vesfjdk]tkiku] phu vkSj Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa ds lkFk gq,O;kikj le>kSrksa us u dsoy bl {ks=k dhrLohj cny nh cfYd fons'k O;kikj le>kSrksadh Hkwfedk dks fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl dsfy, vge cuk fn;kA ;gh otg gS fd nqfu;k

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yacs le; rd j{kkRed ;k dgsa

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ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA laizfr nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj i=k esa C;wjks izeq[k gSaSSA blls iwoZ LVkj U;wt vkSj lh,uchlh vkokt Vhoh pSuyksa esa ofj"B laikndh; inksa ij dk;Z djpqds gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


Hkj ds vFkZ'kkL=kh ,iQMhvkbZ vkSj fons'k O;kikjle>kSrksa ds ?kfu"B lacaèk ds fy, ,f'k;kç'kkar {ks=k dk mYys[k [kklrkSj ij djrs gSaA

O;kikj le>kSrksa o fons'kh fuos'k esa lacaèk

fons'k O;kikj le>kSrksa vkSj çR;{k fons'khfuos'k ds çokg ij iM+us okyk vlj iwjh rjgbl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd bu le>kSrksa dsfy, gqbZ ckrphr esa bls fdruk egRo fn;k x;kgSA ftu ns'kksa us le>kSrs esa r; fd, x, fcanqvksaesa vxj ,iQMhvkbZ ds çokg ds fy, [kklçkoèkku fd;s] mUgsa bldk ykHk feykA bldsfy, dbZ mik; fd, tk ldrs gSaA elyule>kSrs esa O;kikj ckèkkvksa dks de djds fu;kZrij yxs çfrcaèkksa dks gVk;k tk, ftlls ,d ns'kls mRiknksa dk çokg nwljs ns'k esa gksrk gSA

,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg c<+kus ds fy, ,iQVh,esa fuos'k ij yxs çfrcaèkksa dks gVkus dk çkoèkkuHkh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk jgk gSA blls ,d ns'k lsnwljs ns'k dks iwath dk çokg c<+kus esa enn feyrhgSA bl rjg dh cafn'kksa ds gVus ds ckn cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;ksa dks t:jr iM+us ij vius foÙkh;lalkèkuksa dks ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k esa ys tkus esaçksRlkgu feyrk gSA bldk vlj le>kSrs esa'kkfey estcku ns'k ds fofuekZ.k {ks=k ij iM+rkgSA vkfl;ku ns'kksa ds vesfjdk vkSj tkiku tSlsns'kksa ds lkFk gq, fons'k O;kikj le>kSrksa esa bldsçkoèkku dk dkjxj bLrseky gqvkA ,iQVh, dkykHk ;gh gS fd vxj fdlh ns'k dks nwljs ns'k lsçR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dk çokg c<+kus dh laHkkouk,afn[krh gSa rks og bl çkoèkku ds lkFk mDr ns'kls le>kSrk dj viuk y{; çkIr dj ldrk gSA

fons'k O;kikj le>kSrksa ds dqN vU; ykHkHkh gSaA vkilh O;kikj vkSj çR;{k fons'khfuos'k dk çokg c<+kus ds lkFk lkFk varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj le>kSrs nks ns'kksa ds vkfFkZd lacaèkksa dslkFk lkFk jktuhfrd fj'rksa dks Hkh ubZ fn'kkçnku djrs gSaA fofHkUu ns'kksa ds phu ds lkFkgq, O;kikj le>kSrksa dks bl jks'kuh esa ns[kk tkldrk gS ftlus phu dks iwjh nqfu;k esa'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;kAnjvly bl rjg ds le>kSrksa esa jktuhfrdfj'rksa dh etcwrh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dksfuos'k ds fy, ,d lqjf{kr ekgkSy miyCèkdjkrh gSaA ;wjksih; ;wfu;u ds lkFk fons'kO;kikj le>kSrs ds fy, vVdh ckrphr esa,sls gh dqN çkoèkku vM+pu cus gq, gSa

ftuds fufgrkFkZ vkfFkZd de vkSj jktuhfrdT;knk gSaA f}i{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj le>kSrksa ds ckotwn dbZ ns'kksa esa çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k dk çokg mruk ugha c<+ ik;kftruk feyuk pkfg, FkkA Hkkjr us Hkh rekens'kksa o ns'kksa ds lewgksa ds lkFk O;kikj le>kSrksadks vatke fn;k gS ysfdu ,iQMhvkbZ ds çokgds fygkt ls budk visf{kr ykHk ugha feyik;k gSA bldh ,d cM+h otg ;g jgh fddbZ ns'kksa dh ,iQMhvkbZ uhfr yacs le; rdj{kkRed ;k dgsa rks çfrcaèkkRed jghA Hkkjrds eqdkcys czkthy] fpyh vkSj vtsaZVhuktSls ySfVu vesfjdh ns'kksa dh ,iQMhvkbZuhfr vfèkd mnkj jgh gSA fygktk ogka,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg yacs le; ls vfèkdjgk gSA phu dh ,iQMhvkbZ uhfr Hkh dkiQhle; rd çfrcaèkkRed jghA ysfdu uCcs ds

Hkkjr esa dkuwuksa ds dbZ çkoèkku ,iQMhvkbZds fy, ckèkk cus gq, gSaA VSDl lacaèkh çkoèkkumy>s gq, gSaA iqjkuh rkjh[k ls dj olwyh dsfooknkLin çkoèkku ds pyrs dbZ cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;ksa us Hkkjr esa fuos'k dks ysdj viuhfgpd fn[kkbZ gSA Hkkjr esa 2th ?kksVkys ds cknjí gq, VsyhdkWe ykblsal us cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksadh fpark esa vkSj btkiQk fd;k gSA lqçhe dksVZ}kjk VsyhdkWe ykblsal jí djus ds ckn dqNfons'kh daifu;ksa dks Hkkjr ls viuk cksfj;kfcLrj lesVuk iM+kA fygktk bl {ks=k esa udsoy Hkfo"; esa fons'kh fuos'k ij ç'ufpÉ yxx;k cfYd ?kjsyw Vsyhdke daifu;ksa ds fy, Hkhiwath tqVkuk ,d leL;k cu x;kA bldk vljckn esa gqbZ LisDVªe uhykeh ij Hkh ns[kus dksfeykA blfy, varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrksa esa,iQMhvkbZ c<+kus ds çkoèkku gksus ds ckotwnmlds visf{kr urhts ugha fey ik jgs gSaA

,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dh gh ckr djsa rks T;knk mnkj,iQMhvkbZ uhfr vkSj uhfr;ksa ds vey esa ikjnf'kZrkdk ykHk ysus esa flaxkiqj lcls vkxs jgk gSAfofHkUu ns'kksa ds lkFk gq, varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjle>kSrksa ds pyrs mlds fu;kZr esa Hkh vk'kkrhrof¼ gqbZ gSA flaxkiqj ds vfrfjDr mnkj ,iQMhvkbZuhfr dk ykHk mBkus esa FkkbZySaM] fiQfyihal vkSjfo;ruke tSls NksVs ns'k Hkh vkxs jgs gSaA bu lHkhns'kksa dks vkfl;ku iQkjsu VªsM ,xzhesaV dk HkjiwjykHk feyk gSA vkfl;ku ns'kksa dks O;kikj le>kSrksads pyrs lokZfèkd fuos'k phu ls feykA tcfddksfj;k vkSj tkiku bl {ks=k esa fiNys nks n'kdls fuos'k dj jgs FksA

O;kikj le>kSrksa vkSj mlls feys ,iQMhvkbZçokg ds ykHk dk gh urhtk gS fd flaxkiqjvkSj eysf'k;k tSls ns'kksa dks vkt fodflrns'kksa dh drkj esa [kM+s gksus dk ekSdk feyk gSA[kklrkSj ij bu ns'kksa }kjk viukbZ xbZ mnkjvkSj ikjn'khZ uhfr;ksa us cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dksvkdf"kZr fd;kA Hkkjr us vHkh rd Ng fons'kO;kikj le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA buesa lsikap fofHkUu ns'kksa ds lkFk vkSj ,d ns'kksa dslewg vkfl;ku ds lkFk gq, le>kSrs 'kkfeygSaA ftu ns'kksa ds lkFk vyx vyx fons'kO;kikj le>kSrs gq, gSa muesa Jhyadk] flaxkiqj]eysf'k;k] tkiku vkSj dksfj;k 'kkfey gSaA

,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg c<+kus dsfy, ,iQVh, esa fuos'k ij yxs çfrcaèkksadks gVkus dk çkoèkku Hkh 'kkfey fd;ktkrk jgk gSA blls ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'kdks iwath dk çokg c<+kus esa enn feyrhgSA bl rjg dh cafn'kksa ds gVus ds ckncgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks t:jr iM+usij vius foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dks ,d ns'kls nwljs ns'k esa ys tkus esa çksRlkgufeyrk gSA

n'kd esa mlus rsth ls viuh uhfr dks mnkjcuk;k ftlls ogka ,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg rsthls c<+kA bl ekeys esa ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dsnjokts lcls nsj ls [kqysA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij,iQVh, vkSj ,iQMhvkbZ ds lacaèk dks ysdjg qv k ,d vè;;u cr kr k g S fdvesfjdk&vkLVªsfy;k vkSj vesfjdk&flaxkiqjds chp gq, O;kikj le>kSrs ,iQMhvkbZ dsfygkt ls lcls liQy jgs gSaA bldh çeq[kotg vkLVªsfy;k vkSj flaxkiqj dh csgn mnkj,iQMhvkbZ uhfr jgh gSA

Hkkjr lesr vU; ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds lkFklcls cM+h fnDdr uhfr;ksa ds vey esa ikjnf'kZrkdk vHkko jgk gSA ,iQMhvkbZ dk çokg c<+kusesa ikjnf'kZrk dk gksuk csgn t:jh gSA blsvkt ds lanHkksaZ esa Li"V rkSj ij le>k tkldrk gSA


bu le>kSrksa ij utj Mkysa rks dsoy rhuns'kksa ls le>kSrs ,sls gSa tgka ls Hkkjr esa çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k dk çokg gksrk gSA ;s ns'k gSa flaxkiqj]tkiku vkSj dksfj;kA ckdh ns'kksa ds lkFk gq,le>kSrksa dk bLrseky eq[; rkSj ij fu;kZr c<+kusds mís'; ls fd;k x;k gS ysfdu ,iQVh, dksysdj gqbZ rktk leh{kk esa ns[kk x;k gS fd Hkkjrbu le>kSrksa ls ftruk ykHk mBk ldrk gS mrukmls feyk ugha gSA bldh ,d otg bu le>kSrksads ,sls çkoèkku jgs gSa tks Hkkjr ls vfèkd nwljsns'k dks T;knk iQk;nk igqapk jgs gSaA

;gh otg gS fd ljdkj us vc viuhj.kuhfr cnyh gS vkSj ftu varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjle>kSrksa ij okrkZ py jgh gS mlesa ,slsçkoèkku Mkyus dh j.kuhfr cuh gS ftlls udsoy Hkkjrh; fu;kZr dks vfèkd iQk;nk igqapscfYd ns'k ds fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa vfèkd lsvfèkd çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dk çokg gksA

,iQVh, ds vykok Hkkjr us dbZ ns'kksa vkSjns'kksa ds lewgksa ds lkFk vyx vyx çdkj dsO;kikfjd le>kSrksa dks vatke fn;k gSA ,slsyxHkx 54 le>kSrs gSa ftUgsa 18 fofHkUu ns'kksa;k ns'kksa ds lewgksa ds lkFk fd;k x;k gSA buesaO;kid vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh le>kSrk (lsik)]fçDosaf'k;y VªsM ,xzhesaV (ihVh,)] O;kidvkfFkZd lg;ksx le>kSrk (lsdk) 'kkfey gSAHkkjr varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrksa dh jkg ij nsj lsmrjkA exj ljdkj dk ekuuk gS fd bldsfy, vfèkd lrdZrk cjruh t:jh gSA buds

vykok ;wjksih; ;wfu;u ds lkFk ,iQVh, dksysdj Hkkjr dh ckrphr yacs le; ls pyjgh gSA njvly Hkkjr dk tksj bu le>kSrksadks vfèkd ls vfèkd vius i{k esa djus dkjgk gSA blfy, bu le>kSrksa dks vatke rdigqapus esa le; yxk gSA

ubZ ljdkj dk [kkl tksj bl ckr ij HkhgS fd Hkkjr vc ftrus Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjle>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj djs mlesa bl ckr dkçkoèkku vo'; gks fd Hkkjr dk fofuekZ.k{ks=k T;knk iQk;ns esa jgsA ;g iQk;nk u dsoyHkkjrh; bdkb;ksa ds mRiknksa dks fons'kh cktkjksaesa vfèkd LFkku fnykus ls lacafèkr gS cfYdfofuekZ.k {ks=k esa fons'kh daifu;ksa dks vkeaf=krdjus dk Hkh gSA

blls Hkkjr esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dkçokg c<+kus esa enn feysxhA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjle>kSrksa esa ;gh ykHk flaxkiqj] FkkbZySaM tSlsdbZ vU; ns'kksa us Hkh mBk;k gSA blfy, varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj le>kSrksa dh ftl leh{kk dk ftØvkys[k esa igys fd;k x;k gS] og blhutfj, ls fd;k tkuk gSA gkykafd ljdkj blckr ls budkj dj jgh gS fd bl leh{kk dkeryc bUgsa jí djds fiQj ls okrkZ 'kq: djukgSA cfYd ljdkj dh ea'kk bu le>kSrksa ds muçkoèkkuksa ds vey ij tksj nsus dh gS ftulsHkkjr vfèkd ls vfèkd ykHk çkIr dj ldsAHkkjr ds varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrksa dk ykHk,iQMhvkbZ ds fygkt ls vHkh iwjh rjg ughafeyk gSA

ftu ns'kksa ds lkFk ;s le>kSrs Hkkjr us fd,gSa muesa dsoy flaxkiqj ,slk ns'k gSa tgka lsyxkrkj Hkkjr esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vk jgkgSA blfy, varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrs djusds fygkt ls Hkkjr dh utj mu ns'kksa ij gksuhpkfg, tgka ls u dsoy Hkkjrh; fu;kZr dksykHk igqaps cfYd leqfpr ek=k esa ns'k esa,iQMhvkbZ yk;k tk ldsA blh j.kuhfr ls,iQVh, dk nksgjk ykHk mBk;k tk ldrk gSAokf.kT; o m|ksx ea=kky; ds vkadM+ksa dseqrkfcd vçSy 2000 ls vxLr 2014 rdHkkjr esa dqy 1116406 djksM+ #i;s dk çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k vk pqdk gSA blesa lokZfèkdfgLlsnkjh ekjh'kl ls vkus okys ,iQMhvkbZ dhgSA bldh vyx otgsa gSaA ysfdu nqfu;k Hkjesa gq, reke vè;;uksa us lkfcr fd;k gS fdvarjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj le>kSrs ns'k esa çR;{k fons'khfuos'k ykus dk vge lzksr gks ldrs gSaA�

rkfydk 1% Hkkjr ds dqN çeq[k O;kikj le>kSrs

le>kSrs dk uke lnL; Js.kh,f'k;k iSflfiQd VªsM ,xzhesaV ckaXykns'k] phu] Hkkjr]

dksfj;k] Jhyadk ihVh,bafM;k vkfl;ku VªsM czqusbZ] baMksusf'k;k] dacksfM;k] ykvksl] ,iQVh,bu xqM~l ,xzhesaV eysf'k;k] E;kaekj] fiQyhihal] flaxkiqj]

FkkbZySaM] fo;ruke] HkkjrckaXykns'k] bafM;k] E;kaekj Jhyadk] ckaXykns'k] Hkkjr] E;kekaj] Jhyadk] ckrphr tkjhFkkbZySaM bdksuksfed dksvkWijs'ku FkkbZySaM] HkwVku] usikybafM;k] czkthy lkmFk vÚhdk Hkkjr] czkthy vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk &lkmFk ,f'k;k Úh VªsM ,xzhesaV Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] Jhyadk] usiky] ,iQVh,

ckaXykns'k] HkwVku] ekynhobaMks Jhyadk ,iQVh, Hkkjr] Jhyadk ,iQVh,baMks eysf'k;k lsdk eysf'k;k] Hkkjr ,iQVh,baMks flaxkiqj lsdk Hkkjr] flaxkiqj ,iQVh,tkiku bafM;k lsik Hkkjr] tkiku ,iQVh,baMks dksfj;k lsik Hkkjr] dksfj;k ,iQVh,

vkS|ksfxd uhfr o laoèkZu foHkkx us jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr dk elkSnk rS;kj djuso ckSf¼d laink uhfr ij lykg ysus ds fy, ,d vkbZihvkj fFkad VSd dk xBu fd;k gS ftldsdk;Z fuEufyf[kr gaS%&1- jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr dk elkSnk rS;kj djukA 2- vkbZihvkj ds lanHkZ esa mu{ks=kksa dks fpfg~ur djuk tgka ij 'kksèk t:jh gS vkSj blls lacfèkr lq>ko lacafèkr ea=kky; dksHkstukA 3- bls ykxw djus ds fy, fgrèkkjdksa dh laHkkfor ekax ij fopkj çLrqr djukA 4- Hkkjrds vkbZihvkj uhfr dks çHkkfor djus okys ekeyksa ls tqM+h lwpukvksa o fodkl ds ckjs esa ljdkjdks yxkrkj lwfpr djrs jgukA 5- VªSM ekdZ nÝrjksa esa dSls csgrj dk;Z gks] blds fy, ljdkjdks lykg nsukA 6- fons'kksa esa bl {ks=k esa py jgs csgrj dk;ks± dZs ckjs esa le;karjky ij fjiksVlZrS;kj djukA 7- orZeku vkbZihvkj uhfr dh folaxfr;ksa dks js[kkafdr djuk o bZlds lekèkku dsfy, ea=kky; dks lq>ko nsukA 8- orZeku vkbZihvkj nÝrj o U;k;kfèkdj.k (fVªC;wuYl) ds <kapkdks csgrj djus ds fy, lq>ko nsukA 9- vkS|ksfxd laxBuksa o ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls tks lokymBk, x, gSa mu elyksa dh tkap iM+rky djuk o bl ckor ea=ky; dks lq>ko nsukA

jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr ij vkbZihvkj fFkad VSad dk xBu


YH 262/2014


,iQMhvkbZ ds bl fgrdkjh vfHky{k.k izfrekuds mHkjus ds ihNs eq[; dkj.k gaS% jkstxkj iSnkgksuk] iwathxr oLrqvksa rFkk lqfoèkkvksa dhis'kd'k] mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk gLrkarj.k] fuos'kdksa ds ekè;els daifu;ksa dk ikjn'khZ gks tkuk] izcaèku dhHkkxhnkjh] vkSj estcku ns'k esa izsj.kknk;h ?kjsywfuos'kA ,sls dqN ,f'k;kbZ fodklkRed ekWMygSa tSls] nf{k.k dksfj;k] rkboku] gkaxdkax vkSjflaxkiqj] ftUgksaus fn[kk;k gS fd dSls mUgksausvius vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, izR;{k fons'khfuos'k ds ykHkksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA

blds vykok] izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks^eqnzk ladV rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k cpkoÍ.k nksuksa dh ?kVukvksaa }kjk vkfFkZd >Vds dsekeys esa fons'kh eqnzk dh ,d fuf'pr jkf'kcuk, j[kus ds fy, derj Hkh vkadk x;k gSA(Øq,xj vkSj bVks] 2000% 7)A

fons'kh fuos'k uhfr esa ifjorZu

Hkkjr ds ekeys esa] 1970 ds n'kd dseè; esa tc cktkj us oSf'od #i esa ,dhÑrgksuk 'kq: fd;k rHkh izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dsi{k esa vkfFkZd laLFkkuksa esa laof¼r cnykofd, x, (eq[kthZ] 2014a)A ,iQMhvkbZ dslacaèk esa uhfr 'kklu esa rhu pj.kksa esa cnykogq,%1- ,iQMhvkbZ& fojksèkh (1969&75)] 2-p;ukRed ,iQMhvkbZ (1975&91)] vkSj 3-,iQMhvkbZ& leFkZd (1991 ls vc rd)(f'ku] 2014)A ,iQMhvkbZ fojksèkh dky esa]rRdkyhu ljdkj us xjhcksa ls jktuSfrd lqj{kkikus ds fy, 1969 esa ?kjsyw cSasdksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k

lksftu f'ku

iM+rky

Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k%uhfrxr cnyko o jkT;xr fofoèkrk

ysf[kdk flaxkiqj jk"Vªh; fo'ofo|ky; (,u;w,l) ds nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ vè;;u laLFkku esa 'kksèk dk;Z djrh gSaA og ;gka MkWDVjsV dh vH;FkhZ gSaA mudh 'kksèk #fp Hkkjrh;jktuSfrd vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk jkT; dh jktuhfr ij dsafnzr gaSA bZesy% [email protected]

lekt ds foi{kh lewgksa vkSj

çHkkoh 'kklu ds Lrj ij

ckrphr esa jkT; dh {kerk

vyx gksuk ,d igsyh gSA nwljs

'kCnksa esa] izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k

dks vkdf"kZr djus esa jkT;ksa ds

chp cM+k varj fons'kh fuos'k

dh izfdz;k esa fofHkUu Lrjksa ij

iz'kklfud ijs'kkfu;ksa rFkk

lkekftd foi{k ds lkFk lkSnk

djus esa jkT; dh {kerk fn[kkrk

gSA jkT;ksa ds çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k

ds lap; esa bl rjg ds vleku

çn'kZu dks jkT;ksa ds fofHkUu

lkekftd] jktuhfrd lanHkksaZ ij

fopkj djds irk yxk, tkus

dh t:jr gS

iz R;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ)dks ^^?kjsyw laLFkk }kjk fdlhvFkZO;oLFkk ds ?kjsyw m|e esa LFkk;h

ykHk izkIr djus ds mn~ns'; ls vU; vFkZO;oLFkkesa lhek ikj fd, x, fuos'k** ds rkSj ijle>k tkrk gS (vksbZlhMh] 2013)A nwljs 'kCnksaesa] Hkkjr esa ,iQMhvkbZ dk vFkZ] ns'k ds ckgj^^xSj&fuoklh laLFkk@O;fDr] xSj&Hkkjrh; daiuh}kjk fuos'k** gS (Hkkjr ljdkj] 2014% 7)Afons'kh fuos'kdksa dks u dsoy estcku ns'k dslalkèkuksa dk LokfeRo cfYd ml ns'k ds m|eizcaèku esa fu.kZ;&ysuk Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSAbu nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa] nh?kkZofèk ds fy, fuos'krFkk izcaèku dh Hkkxhnkjh esa] ,iQMhvkbZvYidkfydrk okys lafoHkkx fuos'k dh rqyukesa estcku ns'k ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; iwath ds rkSjij vfèkd lgk;d lkfcr gksrk gSA ,iQMhvkbZds nksuksa fojksèkh igyw &fgrdkjh ;k vfgrdkjhgksus ds ckotwn] vkfFkZd fodkl ds lkFkbuds lacaèk gSa] dbZ mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,avius vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, izR;{k fons'khfuos'k ls ykHk dekrs fn[krs gSaA (eksju] 1998)

fiNys nks n'kdksa ls] Hkkjr vkSj phu tSlhdbZ mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ,iQMhvkbZds varokZg esa yxkrkj c<+ksrjh jgh gS (vadVkM]2010)A bl le; phu estcku ns'kksa esa igyssLFkku ij gS vkSj Hkkjr cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa dsfy, rhljk lcls lkekU; xarO; gS (vadVkM]2013% 22)A ;s nksuksa mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,auhfrxr cnykoksa rFkk iz'kklfud izfØ;kvksadks O;ofLFkr cukdj rst xfr ls izR;{kfons'kh fuos'k dks varokZg dks yqHkk jgh gSaA


dj fn;kA blds vykok] fons'kh eqnzk fofue;vfèkfu;e (iQsjk) dh 'kq:vkr fons'kh eqnzkdks fofuef;r djus ds fy, dh xbZ FkhA blvfèkfu;e dk eq[; mn~ns'; dsanzh; ljdkj}kjk fons'kh eqnzk ij ,dkfèkdkj tekuk FkkAmnkgj.k ds fy,] blesa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad]tks dsanz ljdkj dh ,dek=k vfèkÑr ysu&nsudjus okyh laLFkk Fkh blds vykok jkT; dhdksbZ ,tsalh fons'kh eqnzk ls lacafèkr dke esaHkkx ugha ys ldrh FkhA

ogha] p;ukRed izR;{k fons'kh fuos'kds dky esa] Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fu;eksadh lgtrk ds fy, ifjorZu djuk iM+kArRdkyhu ljdkj us fons'kh eqnzk dks Hkkjrh;m|ksx esa fuos'k djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kAo"kZ 1976 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds mUeq[khdj.kds fy, ,d u;k eksM+ lkfcr gqvk] tSlkfd

dqN izfr'kr esa mPp rduhd ;k tgkafu;kZr ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks'k ;ksxnku gks] ,slsdqN {ks=kksa esa fj;k;r nh tk ldrh gSA fons'khÍ.k fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa vkSj c<+ x;k gS tksgekjh c<+rh t:jrksa rFkk [kir {kerk lsn'kkZrk gS ysfdu izR;{k fuos'k dk izokgcgqr FkksM+k jg x;k gSA fiQj Hkh] izR;{kfuos'k Í.k ds dqN ykHk gSaA Í.k dks pqdkukgksrk gSA fuos'k mRiknd gks ;k u gks] fuos'kdsoy ogha izokg ls vkxs c<+rk gS tgkamRiknd ds lkFk&lkFk ykHk Hkh gksA geviuh vFkZO;oLFkk ds ykHk ds fy, bldhizfØ;kvksa dks rhoz djus rFkk vuko';dckèkkvksa dks nwj djds fons'kh fuos'k ds ,dcM+s izokg dks lekosf'kr dj ldrs gSaA(xkaèkh] 1988)

var esa] 1990 ds n'kd dh 'kq:vkr esa]foRrh; ladV ds pyrs izR;{k fons'kh fuos'kds {ks=k esa ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dks yk;k x;kAeksaVsd flag vkgywokfy;k }kjk fMtkbu fd,x, uhfr i=k gh 1991 esa vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dsfy, ewy fMtkbu ds rkSj ij Lohdkj djykxw fd, x,A blesa fons'kh fuos'kdksa dhvusd {ks=kksa esa ?kjsyw daifu;ksa esa pqdrk iwath(paid-up capital) dh fgLlsnkjh dks 40izfr'kr ls c<+kdj 51 izfr'kr djus dk lq>kofn;k x;kA ;g uhfr ifjorZu ,iQMhvkbZ dhenn ls yk;k x;k ftls ladV ds larqyu }kjkçksRlkfgr fd;k x;k FkkA (eq[kthZ] 2014 ch),iQMhvkbZ dh leFkZd vofèk esa çR;{k fons'khfuos'k ds {ks=k esa lcls egRoiw.kZ uhfr ifjorZuksaesa ls ,d 1999 esa fons'kh eqæk çcaèku vfèkfu;e(iQsek) FkkA iQsjk] tks 1973 esa vk;k Fkk] dhrqyuk esa iQsek dks dqN fons'kh eqnzk ds lkFkMhy djus esa Hkkxhnkj jkT; ,tsafl;ksa tSlsvkjchvkbZ ds vykok çfrHkwfr vkSj fofue;cksMZ (lsch) ds rkSj ij fy;k tkrk gSA lschrFkk vkjchvkbZ fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'k(,iQvkbZvkbZ) vkSj çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dslkFk eq[; :i ls lac¼ gSa blds fy, mUgsafdlh Lohd`r vuqefr dh vko';drk ughagksrhA bl Lor% ekxZ ds rgr] fons'kh fuos'kdksadks fofHkUu vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa mu yksxksa dhrqyuk esa vfèkd vklkuh ls vius O;olk;ij dke djus dh vuqefr nh tkrh gS tksvU; rjhds viukrs gSaA

vU;Fkk] foÙk ea=kky; ds rgr fons'kh

fuos'k laoèkZu cksMZ (,iQvkbZihch) ds varxZrvkS|ksfxd lgk;rk lfpoky; (,lvkbZ,) dksmi;ZqDr of.kZr Lopkfyr ekxZ ls ckgj j[kkx;k gSA bl çdkj] iQsek dh 'kq:vkr ds cknls ,iQvkbZihch dh Hkwfedk çLrkoksa dh LohÑfrvkSj vLohÑfr esa vkSj vfèkd egRoiw.kZ gksxbZ gSA ,iQvkbZihch ds vuqlkj] ;g fons'khfuos'kdksa dks izLrkoksa ds fy, ,d gh LFkku lsLohÑfr nsrk gS ftlls le; dh cckZnh degksrh gSA

Hkkjr ds orZeku çèkkuea=kh us vius de]esd bu bafM;k* ukjs ds fy, çHkkoh 'kkluvkSj vklku 'kklu ij cy fn;k rkfd fons'khfuos'kdksa ds fy, Hkkjr dks oSf'od dsaæ ds:i esa [kM+k fd;k tk ldsA mUgksaus ,iQMhvkbZ'kCn dk iz;ksx ^iQLVZ Msoysi bafM;k (igysHkkjr dk fodkl)* ds :Ik esa fd;kA mUgksaus

(1977) esa ÚSad us blds fy, fy[kk% ^jkT;cM+s rFkk fons'kh iwath ds fgrksa ds fy, iquxZfBrgks jgk gS rFkk vU; vkfFkZd {ks=kksa o jktuSfrdfgrksa ds lacaèk esa vkSj vfèkd lkis{k gks jgkgS** (i`- 473)A

,slk ifjorZu vkSj Hkh Li"V gks x;k tcjktho xkaèkh dh ljdkj us ,iQMhvkbZ dkleFkZu fd;kA 1980 ds n'kd dh 'kq:vkresa] rsy dh dherksa esa o`f¼ gksus rFkk oSf'odeanh ls foRrh; ladV iSnk gks x;k] rc jkthoxkaèkh dks ckg~; Í.k dh rqyuk esa izR;{kfons'kh fuos'k ds laHkkfor ykHk eglwl gq,AmUgksaus mYys[k fd;k gS%

fons'kh fuos'k ds izfr gekjh uhfr Li'VgSA ;g [kqys }kj okyh uhfr ugha gSA ge {ks=kksadh foLrr igqap ds lesr leku fons'kh fgLlsnkjhds izfr'kr esa viuh 'krkZsa ds lkFk fons'khfuos'k dks vuqefr nsrs gSaA

tksj nsrs gq, vPNs 'kklu ds rhu LraHkksa&^cxSj ykblsal rFkk cxSj fu;kedksa ds O;kikjdjus dh ljyrk dks c<+kok nsuk] cqfu;knh<kapksa esa lfdz;rk tSls fd vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjsrFkk j{kk]fuekZ.k] vkSj jsyos esa ,iQMhvkbZ dkgksuk* ij ckr dhA mUgksaus fofuekZ.k vkSjcqfu;knh <kapk {ks=kksa lfgr foekuu] tSoçkS|ksfxdh] jlk;u] fuekZ.k] [kuu] rsy vkSjxSl] nokvksa] v{k; ÅtkZ m|ksxksa tSls dbZ{ks=kksa esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds xarO; ds :iesa çdk'k Mkyk gSA ;g igy Li"V :i lsHkkjrh; m|ksx esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dsfgrdkjh çHkko esa ljdkj ds n`<+ fo'okl ijvkèkkfjr gSA

jkT;ksa esa ,iQMhvkbZ ds fofHkUu Lrj

okLro esa] 2011 esa] dqy çR;{k fons'khfuos'k 32 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj jgk tks yxHkx

,iQMhvkbZ fojksèkh dky esa]rRdkyhu ljdkj us xjhcksa ls jktuSfrdlqj{kk ikus ds fy, 1969 esa ?kjsyw cSasdksadk jk"Vªh;dj.k dj fn;kA bldsvykok] fons'kh eqnzk fofue; vfèkfu;e(iQsjk) dh 'kq:vkr fons'kh eqnzk dksfofuef;r djus ds fy, dh xbZ FkhAbl vfèkfu;e dk eq[; mn~ns'; dsanzh;ljdkj }kjk fons'kh eqnzk ij ,dkfèkdkjtekuk FkkA

,iQMhvkbZ dh leFkZd vofèk esaçR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds {ks=k esa lclsegRoiw.kZ uhfr ifjorZuksa esa ls ,d1999 esa fons'kh eqæk çcaèku vfèkfu;e(iQsek) FkkA iQsjk] tks 1973 esa vk;kFkk] dh rqyuk esa iQsek dks dqN fons'kheqnzk ds lkFk Mhy djus esa HkkxhnkjjkT; ,tsafl;ksa tSls vkjchvkbZ ds vykokçfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; cksMZ (lsch) dsrkSj ij fy;k tkrk gSA


ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk rhu izfr'kr ds djhcgS (vadVkM] 2013)A la?kh; Lrj ij Hkkjr dseq[; jktusrkvksa] izèkkuea=kh rFkk for ea=kh us,iQMhvkbZ ds {ks=k esa O;kid vkfFkZd lqèkkjksadk leFkZu fd;k gSA dsanz ljdkj dh vksj lsetcwr leFkZu feyus ds ckotwn jkT; Lrjij çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus esai;kZIr fofoèkrk fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA rkfydk&1Hkkjr esa jkT;ksa dk p;u djus ds fy, vizSy2000 ls twu 2014 ds chp dk lap;h çR;{kfons'kh fuos'k n'kkZrh gSA blls çR;{k fons'khfuos'k çkIr djus esa Hkkjr esa çkarh; jkT;ksa ds

fy,] vksfM'kk ds txrflagiqj esa nf{k.kdksfj;kbZ m|e] dks lkekftd fojksèk ds f[kykiQHkwfe lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, eqf'dy ?kM+h dklkeuk djuk iM+kA fons'k vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e(,iQvkj,) dh fLFkfr dh tkap esa i;kZoj.krFkk ou ea=ky; (,evksbZ,iQ) ds vuqjksèk ijikWLdks ifj;kstuk ds fy, fcBkbZ xbZ dk;Zdkjhlfefr ds vuqlkj] 2z vksfM'kk ljdkj us Hkwfevfèkxzg.k ls iwoZ LFkkuh; xzkeh.kksa ls vkelgefr izkIr djus ds fy, bl dne dhvogsyuk dh (fiaxy] ikaMs] vkSj lqjs'k]2010&3&5)A

dh {kerk fn[kkrk gSA Hkys gh] Hkkjr esa dbZjkT;ksa ds usrkvksa us vius jkT;ksa ds fy,,iQMhvkbZ dks vkdf"kZr djus esa izfrLièkkZ dhgksaA jkT;ksa ds çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds lap; esabl rjg ds vleku çn'kZu dks jkT;ksa dsfofHkUu lkekftd] jktuhfrd lanHkksaZ ij fopkjdjds irk yxk, tkus dh t:jr gSA �

lanHkZ� panzk] fueZy dqekj (2008)% bdksukWfed ,aM

ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] o"kZ 43] vad 50 i"B 36&51]^VkVk eksVlZ bu flaxwj% , LVsi VqoMZ ~lbaMLVªh;ykbts”ku vkWj iksijkbts”ku\*

� Úsad] vkansz xaMsj (1977)% bdksukWfed ,aMikWfyfVdy ohdyh] o"kZ 12] vad 11] i`"B463&75] ^bejtsalh vkWiQ ijekusaV bejtsalh bubafM;k*

� Xkkaèkh] jktho (1988)% 19 vizSy dks us'kuydkaQzsal vkWiQ bafM;u bathfu;fjax baMLVªh esa izèkkuea=khdk mn~?kkVu Hkk"k.k

� Hkkjr ljdkj (2014)% dalksfyMsVsM ,iQMhvkbZikWfylh^] vkS|ksfxd uhfr vkSj laoèkZu foHkkx]okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=kky;] http://dipp.nic.in/

English/Policies/FDI_Circular_2014.pdf

� Øq,xj] ,uh vks] vkSj Vkdkrks"kh bVks (2000)%n jksy vkWiQ iQkWjsu Mk;jsDV buosLVesaV bu bZLV,f'k;u bdksukWfed MsoyiesaV] f'kdkxks% ;wfuoflZVhvkWiQ f'kadkxks izsl

� Eksju] FksMksj ,p] (1988)% iQkWjsu Mk;jsDVbuosLVesaV ,aM MsoyiesaV% n U;w ikWfylh ,tsaMk QkWjMsoyfiax daVªht ,aM bdksukWeht bu Vªkaft'kuAokf'kaxVu] Mhlh % baLVhV~;wV iQkWj bdksukWfeDl

� Ekq[kthZ] jkgqy (2014a)% Xykscykbts”ku ,aMMhjsxqys”ku% vkbfM;kt] baVªsLV~l] ,aM baLVhV~;w'kuypsat bu bafM;k] ubZ fnYyh% vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVhizsl

� Eqk[kthZ] jkgqy (2014 b)% vkWDliQksMZ bafM;k'kkWVZ baVªksMD'ku% ikWfyfVdy bdksukWeh vkWiQ fjiQkWeZlvkWiQ bafM;k] ubZ fnYyh% vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVhizsl

� vksblhMh (2013)% vkblhMh iQSDVcqd 2013%bdksukWfed] ,uok;jesaV ,aM lks'ky LVsfVfLVDlA

� fiaxy] mfeZyk] nsosanz ikaMs] ,aM oh] lqjs'k(2010) estksfjVh fjiksVZ vkWiQ n iksLdks baDok;jhdesVh] ,fXtD;wfVo lejh^ fnYyh

� f'ku] 'kksftu (2014)% ,iQMhvkbZ bu bafM;k%vkbfM;kt] baVªLV~l] ,aM baLVhV~;wuy psaTl*]bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] o"kZ 49] vad&3]i"B 66&71

� vadVkM (2010)% fjtuy VªsaM~l% lkmFk] bZLV,aM lkmFk&bZLV ,f"k;k^ tsusok% vadVkM

� vadVkM (2013)% ^oYMZ buosLVesaV fjiksVZ2013% Xykscy osY;w psUl] buosLVesaV ,aM VªsMiQkWj MsoyiesaV*A MCY;wvkbZvkj esaA U;w;kWdZ vkSjtsusok% ;w,uA

chp i;kZIr varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mnkgj.k dsfy,] egkjk"Vª vkSj fnYyh us etcwrh ls,iQMhvkbZ dks vkdf"kZr fd;k gS tks Hkkjr esadqy ,iQMhvkbZ dk vkèkk gSA rfeyukMq]dukZVd] xqtjkr vkSj vkaèkzizns'k tSls dbZjkT;ksa us eè; jsat ds lewg dk xBu fd;k gS]tcfd vU; dbZ jkT;ksa tSls if'pe caxkyvkSj vksfM'kk us izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks NksVsLrj ij viuk;k gSA

,d egRoiw.kZ loky mBrk gS fd D;ksadqN çkarh; jkT; çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k tqVkusrFkk cM+s iSekus ij fuos'k ds vuqdwy ekgkSycukus esa vfèkd liQy jgs tcfd vU; ,slkughaa dj lds] Hkys gh uhfr 'kklu yxkrkjla?k ds Lrj ij çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh vksjls leFkZu fn;k x;k gks\

;g fnypLi gS fd vksfM'kk tSls dbZjkT;ksa us tks [kjkc çn'kZu fn[kk jgs gSa ogkalekt ls yxkrkj çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dsf[kykiQ dM+k fojksèk ns[kk x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds

enzkl gkbdksVZ ds ,d U;k;kèkh'k ftUgksaus]txrflagiqj esa iksLdks ifj;kstuk ds f[kykiQlkekftd fojksèk dh tkap izfØ;k dk xgurkls ikyu dj etcwrh ls mtkxj fd;kA blhçdkj] VkVk dks Hkh if'pe caxky ds flaxwj esauSuks dkj[kkus ds fy, Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k djus esalkekftd fojksèk ds f[kykiQ la?k"kZ djukiM+kA Hkys gh] VkVk ,d ?kjsyw Hkkjrh; fuos'kdgks] if'pe caxky esa Hkwfe lqjf{kr djus dsfy, bldk la?k"kZ iquokZl ds eqíksa ls fuiVusrFkk vkSj Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k dh çfØ;k esa HkwfeewY; r; djus esa jkT; ljdkj dh detksj{kerk n'kkZbZA (ns[ksa panzk] 2008)A

bl rjg ls] lekt ds fonzksgh lewgksa vkSjçHkkoh 'kklu ds Lrj ij ckrphr esa jkT; dh{kerk vyx gksuk ,d igsyh gSA nwljs 'kCnksaesa] izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus esajkT;ksa ds chp cM+k varj ,iQMhvkbZ dh izfdz;kesa fofHkUu Lrjksa ij iz'kklfud ijs'kkfu;ksa rFkklkekftd foi{k ds lkFk lkSnk djus esa jkT;

rkfydk1% fjtoZ cSad ds {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa ls çkIr ,iQMhvkbZ bfDoVh varokZg(vizSy 2000&twu 2014)

vkjchvkbZ dk 'kkfey eq[; jkT; lap;h varokZg izfr'kr{ks=kh; dk;Zy; (djksM+ #i;s esa)eqacbZ egkjk"Vª 320]281 30ubZ fnYyh fnYyh 214]820 20psUubZ rfeyukMq 69]161 6csaxyksj dukZVd 62]431 6vgenkckn Xqtjkr 45]292 4gSnjkcknz vkaèkizns'k 43]817 4dksydkrk if'pe caxky 13]532 1Hkqous'oj vksfM'kk 1]962 0-2

lzksr% ^çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ) ij rF; i=k* Hkkjr ljdkj] vkS|ksfxd uhfrvkSj laoèkZu foHkkxA


YH - 255/2014


ys[kd vkfFkZd i=kdkj gSa vkSj lh,uchlh vkokt] th fctusl] bdukWfed VkbEl ds lkFk dke dj pqds gSaA laizfr deksfMVh ,Dlpsat ,ulhMhbZ,Dl ds lkFk dk;Zjr gSa vkSj'ks;j cktkj] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] d`f"k vkSj ,xzh deksfMVh ls tqMs+ fo"k;ks ij fy[krs jgrs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

jrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds bfrgkl esa1991 dk o"kZ ehy dk iRFkjekuk tkrk gSA blh lky rRdkyhu

foÙk ea=kh eueksgu flag us Hkjrh; vFkZra=k esavkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds vè;k; dh 'kq#vkrdhA Hkkjr esa mnkjhdj.k dh 'kq#vkr ?kksjfoÙkh; dqçcaèku ds pyrs iSnk gqbZ ,d csgnxaHkhj vkfFkZd nq?kZVuk dk urhtk Fkh (ns[ksackWDl% et+cwjh esa gqbZ mnkjhdj.k dh Økafr)A;g 'kksèk dk fo"k; gks ldrk gS fd ns'k dksrRdkyhu vkfFkZd Hkaoj ls fudkyus ds fy,vkSj D;k fodYi viuk, tk ldrs FksA vxjdksbZ vkSj foÙk ea=kh gksrk ;k fiQj Lo;a Jh flagdks mnkjhdj.k ds vykok dksbZ vkSj vU; jkgryk'kuh gksrh rks D;k jkLrs gks ldrs FksA

,d gd+hd+r ;g Hkh gS fd Hkkjr esamnkjhdj.k dh 'kq#vkr varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k(vkbZ,e,iQ) dh mu 'krks± ds rgr ,det+cwjh Fkh] tks Hkkjr dks fn, x, dt+Z dscnys vk;n dh xbZ FkhA 'kk;n lektoknhvFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh fdrkc esa ml eqf'dy gkykrls fudyus ds fy, dqN vkSj fodYi ekStwngksa] ysfdu ,d ckr rks r; gS fd Hkqxrkularqyu ds mu gkykr ls ns'k dks fudkyus dsfy, cgqr cM+h ek=kk esa fons'kh eqæk dht+:jr FkhA ;s fons'kh eqæk nks rjg ls vkldrh Fkh] ;k rks ?kjsyw lzksrksa ls çkIr #i;s lsfons'kh eqæk [kjhnh tkrh ;k fiQj fons'kksa lsMkWyj yk;k tkrkA ladV dh O;kidrk vkSjle; dh deh dks ns[krs gq, LokHkkfod rkSjij ljdkj us nwljk jkLrk pquk vkSj ns'k dsm|ksx&èkaèkksa dks fons'kh fuos'k ds fy, [kksyusdh 'kq#vkr dhA ml oDr rd ns'k esa 'kk;n

gh dksbZ ,slk lsDVj ;k m|ksx Fkk] tgka fons'khdaifu;ksa dks [kqys rkSj ij fuos'k djus dhvuqefr Fkh] ysfdu ljdkj us vkfFkZdmnkjhdj.k ;k oS'ohdj.k dh 'kq#vkr djfons'kh daifu;ksa ds fuos'k dks vklku cuk;kvkSj ;gha ls 'kq: gqvk ns'k esa cM+s iSekus ijfons'kh çR;{k fuos'k ;kuh ,iQMhvkbZA blesadksbZ 'kd+ ugha gS fd ml le; dh vkfFkZduhfr;ksa us ns'k dks vkfFkZd vkikrdky lsmckjus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ vkSj mlh dhcqfu;kn ij rhu gÝrs ds vk;kr Hkj dh 60djksM+ MkWyj fons'kh eqæk okyk iQkWjsDl fjt+oZvkt 300 vjc MkWyj ls T+;knk dk HkaMkj cux;k gSA

;gka ,d ckr le>uk cgqr t:jh gSA ns'kdk iQkWjsDl fjt+oZ c<+uk vius vki esa fdlhvkfFkZd uhfr dk y{; ugha gksrk] cfYd ;grks cl ,d ckbZ çksMDV gSA vkfFkZd uhfr;ksadk y{; gksrk gS ns'k dh vFkZO;LFkk esa rst+hykuk] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa c<+ksrjh djuk]çfr O;fDr vk; esa bt+kiQk djuk vkSj ns'k dsukxfjdksa ds thou Lrj esa lqèkkj djukA ysfdutc vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ka c<+rh gSa vkSj ns'k esavk;kr ds fy, t+:jh fons'kh eqæk dh rqyukesa T+;knk fons'kh eqæk vkus yxrh gS] rks fons'kheqæk HkaMkj vius vki c<+us yxrk gSA fons'kheqæk ds ns'k esa vkus ds dbZ jkLrs gSaA buesaçeq[k gSa] ,iQMhvkbZ] ,iQvkbZvkbZ (fons'khlaLFkkxr fuos'k)] fons'kh dtZ (oYMZ cSad]vkbZ,e,iQ] ,Mhch tSlh laLFkkvksa ;k fiQjnwljs ns'kksa ls) vkSj çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hksthtkus okyh jde (jsfeVsal) vkSj ,DliksVZjAtc bu lzksrksa ls fons'kh eqæk (eq[; :i ls

Hkqou HkkLdj

izfØ;k

?kjsyw cpr dks c<+kok t:jh

Hkk

?kjsyw cpr nks lzksrksa ls vkrh gSA

igyk] ,d vke vkneh viuh

dekbZ dk tks fgLlk cpr ds

rkSj ij cSadksa esa j[krk gS vkSj

nwljk] ljdkjh vkSj futh

daifu;ka viuh cpr dk tks

fgLlk udn ds rkSj ij cSadksa esa

j[krh gSaA ;gh iSlk cSad m|ksxksa

dks dtZ ds rkSj ij nsrs gSa

ftlls vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ka rst+

gksrh gSaA Hkkjr esa ifjokj cpr

dk lcls cM+k lzksr jgs gSa]

mlds ckn futh {ks=k dk uacj

vkrk gS vkSj fiQj ckjh vkrh gS

ljdkjh {ks=k dh daifu;ksa dh

ysfdu 2008 dh eanh ds ckn

bu nksuksa gh rjg ds lzksrksa ij

xgjk vk?kkr yxk gS


MkWyj) ns'k esa vkrh gS] rks ;gka ds cktkj esabLrseky djus yk;d #i;s gkfly djus dsfy, mls cspk tkrk gSA vkjchvkbZ vkSj nwljscSad MkWyj ysrs gSa vkSj cnys esa #i;s nsrs gSaAvc tks MkWyj cSadksa vkSj vkjchvkbZ ds ikltek gksrk gS] mls os #i;s ds cnys vk;krdksadks nsrs gSaA cps MkWyj fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj esatek gksrs tkrs gSaA Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd uhfr;ka1991 ds ckn ls gh lS¼kafrd rkSj ij T;knkls T;knk ,iQMhvkbZ [khapus ds fygkt ls rS;kjgksrh jgh gSaA

fons'kh fuos'k esa c<+ksrjh dk lhèkk vljns'k dh vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj ij ns[kk tk ldrkgSA thMhih of¼ nj 1991&92 esa 1-3 iQhlnhFkh tks mnkjhdj.k çfØ;k 'kq: gksus ds rhulky ckn 5-3 iQhlnh ij igqap xbZA ljdkjh?kkVk 1990&91 esa 7-9 iQhlnh Fkk tks 4 lkyesa ?kVdj 6-7 iQhlnh ij vk x;kA vxLr1991 esa 17 iQhlnh ds Lrj rd igqap pqdhegaxkbZ nj 1992&93 esa 7 iQhlnh vkSj 1993&94esa 5-6 iQhlnh ij igqap xbZ vkSj O;kikj ?kkVktks 1990-91 esa 9-4 vjc MkWyj rd igqapx;k Fkk] 1994&95 esa fxjdj ,d vjc MkWyjrd vk x;kA lkiQ gS fd mnkjhdj.k dsdkj.k vkbZ fons'kh iwath dk vlj vFkZO;oLFkkds vyx&vyx iQydksa ij lkiQ fn[kus yxkFkkA tc ljdkj us Hkkjr ds njokts nqfu;k dsfy, [kksyus okyk ,sfrgkfld ctV is'k fd;k]ml le; fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj ,d vjc MkWyjls Hkh uhps igqap pqdk Fkk] tks fd vc djhc315 vjc MkWyj ds Lrj ij gSA

bl nkSjku vxj ns'k esa ,iQMhvkbZ ijutj Mkysa] rks blesa djhc 425 xq.kk rd dk

mNky ns[kus dks feyrk gSA tgka ns'k esa1990&91 esa 409 djksM+ #i;s dk fons'khçR;{k fuos'k vk;k] mlds 2011&12 rd1-73 yk[k djksM+ #i;s rd igqap tkus dkvuqeku gS (lzksr% vkjchvkbZ)A ;g fLFkfr rc

vjc MkWyj dk fons'kh fuos'k gqvk Fkk] tks2009&10 esa yxHkx fLFkj 22-461 vjc MkWyjjgk ysfdu mlds vxys lky blesa tcnZLrfxjkoV vkbZ vkSj ;g djhc 15 vjc MkWyjij fiQly x;kA ;g ,d ckj fiQj 2011&12esa 23 vjc MkWyj ij igqapk ysfdu mldsvxys lky ;kuh 2012&13 esa blds okil18-25 vjc MkWyj rd fleVus dk vuqekugSA ,sls esa ;g fpark tk;t+ gS fd ns'k dhvkfFkZd jÝrkj okil ngkbZ vadksa esa dSlsykSVsxhA fiNyk lky] foxr nks n'kdksa dslcls cqjs o"kks± es 'kkfey Fkk] tc ns'k dhthMhih o`f¼ nj 5 iQhlnh ls Hkh uhps pyhxbZA gkykafd bl lky blds okil 5-5 iQhlnhds bnZ&fxnZ jgus dh laHkkouk trkbZ tk jghgS] ysfdu ;g cgqr dqN bl ckr ij Hkh fuHkZjdjsxk ljdkjh uhfr;ka fons'kh fuos'k dks fdrukvkdf"kZr dj ikrh gSaA

gkykafd fiNys 20 o"kks± ds vkadM+s,iQMhvkbZ vkSj thMhih ds chp fdlh lhèkslacaèk dks iwjh rjg iq"V ugha djrs gSaA 1998&99esa ,iQMhvkbZ fiNys lky ds eqdkcys djhc8 iQhlnh de gqvk] ysfdu bl nkSjku thMhihesa 1997&98 ds 4-30 iQhlnh ds eqdkcys6-68 iQhlnh dh c<+ksrjh gqbZA blh rjg2000&01 esa ,iQMhvkbZ rks fiNys lky dseqdkcys 22 iQhlnh ls T;knk c<+k] ysfduthMhih xzksFk tks 1999&2000 esa 6-44 iQhlnhc<+h Fkh] mldh jÝrkj 2000&01 esa ?kVdj4-35 iQhlnh jg xbZA gkykafd vxj yachvofèk ds iSVuZ vkSj vkadM+ksa ds vkèkkj ijns[kk tk,] rks ,iQMhvkbZ vkSj thMhih dslkisf{kd lacaèk dks vkjke ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k

gS tc yxkrkj Hkkjr esa ekStwn fuos'k ckèkkvksadh ppkZ gksrh gSA dkjksckj djus dh lqfoèkk dsfygkt ls nqfu;k ds 189 ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dkuacj 134oka gSA blds ckotwn Hkkjr nqfu;k esalcls T+;knk ,iQMhvkbZ vkdf"kZr djus okykphu ds ckn nwljk ns'k gSA ;g lkfcr djrkgS fd Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k ds fygkt lsfdruh fo'kky laHkkouk,a gSaA bUgh laHkkoukvksads fygkt ls çèkkuea=kh us Hkkjr dks O;kikjlqfoèkkvksa ds fygkt ls nqfu;k ds 50 'kh"kZns'kksa esa 'kkfey djus dk y{; j[kk gSA izèkkuea=khds ^^esd bu bafM;k** vfHk;ku dh liQyrkHkh cgqr gn rd muds bl y{; dks gkflydjus dh {kerk ij gh fuHkZj djsxhA

lky 2008 esa yseSu cznlZ ds iru ds cknftl rjg iwjh nqfu;k ds vFkZra=k ij eanh dknhed yxk] mlls Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k dksHkh èkDdk yxkA o"kZ 2008&09 esa 22-697

fiNyk lky] foxr nks n'kdksa dslcls cqjs o"kks± es 'kkfey Fkk] tc ns'kdh thMhih o`f¼ nj 5 iQhlnh ls Hkhuhps pyh xbZA gkykafd bl lky bldsokil 5.5 iQhlnh ds bnZ&fxnZ jgus dhlaHkkouk trkbZ tk jgh gS] ysfdu ;gcgqr dqN bl ckr ij Hkh fuHkZj djsxkljdkjh uhfr;ka fons'kh fuos'k dks fdrukvkdf"kZr dj ikrh gSaA

ns'k esa fons'kh fuos'k dh ppkZ tc Hkh gksrh gS] rks mlesa,iQvkbZvkbZ dk uke lcls Åij vkrk gSA ,iQvkbZvkbZ (fons'khlaLFkkxr fuos'k) og fuos'k gksrk gS] tks 'ks;j cktkj ds tfj,daifu;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh [kjhnus esa fd;k tkrk gSA iwath cktkj fu;kedlsch ls miyCèk vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd lky 1992&93 ls 30 vçSy2014 rd Hkkjrh; 'ks;j cktkjksa esa ,iQvkbZvkbZ us dqy 7-17 yk[kdjksM+ #i;s fuos'k fd, gSa] tcfd MsV iQaMksa esa budk fuos'k 1-31yk[k djksM+ gSA ns'k ds fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj esa ;ksxnku esa ,iQvkbZvkbZdh Hkkjh vgfe;r gksus ds ckotwn bUgsa ,iQMhvkbZ ds eqdkcysderj ntZs dk fuos'k ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd blesa ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk

,iQMhvkbZ cuke ,iQvkbZvkbZ

ds çfr fuos'kd dh dksbZ tokcnsgh ugha gksrhA fdlh Hkh cqjs le;esa ;g fuos'k jkrksajkr ns'k ls ckgj tk ldrk gS vkSj ns'k ds vFkZra=kds lkeus ubZ pqukSfr;ka [kM+h dj ldrk gSA blfy, bls gkWV euh Hkhdgrs gSaA nwljh vksj ,iQMhvkbZ og fuos'k gksrk gS tks fons'kh daifu;ka;k ns'k ?kjsyw m|ksxksa ds baÚkLVªDpj esa djrh gSaA blls ,d vksj tgkanh?kZdkfyd iwath fuekZ.k (ykWUx VeZ dSfiVy iQkWeZs'ku) gksrk gS] oghamPp rduhd Hkh vkrh gSA lkFk gh] ,iQMhvkbZ ds jkrksajkr mM+u&Nwgksus dk tksf[ke Hkh ugha jgrkA rduhdh :i ls fdlh ?kjsyw daiuhesa fdlh fons'kh daiuh }kjk 10 iQhlnh ls T;knk fuos'k fd, tkus dks,iQMhvkbZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gSA


tk ldrk gSA ^^,iQMhvkbZ vkSj thMhih dsvkilh lacaèk dks le>us esa thMhih ij,iQMhvkbZ dk vlj% Hkkjr vkSj phu dkrqyukRed vè;;u** uke ls vxzoky vkSj[kku }kjk vè;;u dkiQh jkspd gSA vè;;uls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gS fd ,iQMhvkbZesa 1 iQhlnh c<+ksrjh ls phu dh thMhih0-07 iQhlnh c<+rh gS] tcfd Hkkjr esa ;go`f¼ 0-02 iQhlnh gksrh gSA lkiQ gS fdfons'kh fuos'k dk Hkkjr dh thMhih ij phuds eqdkcys de vlj gksrk gSA ,slk blfy,fd Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk ?kjsyw miHkksx ijvkèkkfjr gS] ftlesa Ñf"k dk vge ;ksxnkugSA ,d vU; 'kksèk vkys[k ^^D;k Hkkjr dksvkSj cgqr T;knk ,iQMhvkbZ dh t+:jr gS**esa ckyklqczã.;e vkSj lSIliQksMZ dk fu"d"kZgS fd Hkkjr dks ,iQMhvkbZ esa ekStwnk Lrj lscgqr T;knk c<+ksrjh dh t+:jr ugha gS D;ksafd;gka eSU;qiQSDpfjax vkSj lfoZl lsDVj dk<kapk vkSj budk lek;kstu dqN bl rjg gSfd ns'k viuh iwath t+:jrksa ds fy, vU;lzksrksa ij Hkh fuHkZj jg ldrk gSA

bu vU; lzksrks a es a lcls vge gS?kjsyw cprA ?kjsyw cpr nks lzksrksa ls vkrh gSAigyk] ,d vke vkneh viuh dekbZ dk tksfgLlk cpr ds rkSj ij cSadksa esa j[krk gS vkSjnwljk] ljdkjh vkSj futh daifu;ka viuhcpr dk tks fgLlk udn ds rkSj ij cSadksa esaj[krh gSaA ;gh iSlk cSad m|ksxksa dks dtZ dsrkSj ij nsrs gSa ftlls vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ka rst+gksrh gSaA Hkkjr esa ifjokj cpr dk lcls cM+klzksr jgs gSa] mlds ckn futh {ks=k dk uacjvkrk gS vkSj fiQj ckjh vkrh gS ljdkjh {ks=kdh daifu;ksa dh ysfdu 2008 dh eanh ds cknbu nksuksa gh rjg ds lzksrksa ij xgjk vk?kkr

vLlh ds n'kd ds eè; ls Hkkjr dk Hkqxrku larqyu yxkrkjfcxM+us ls n'kd ds vkf[kj rd ns'k dk fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj [krjukdLrj rd de gks x;kA twu 1991 rd ns'k esa dsoy 60 djksM+ MkWyjdk iQkWjsDl fjt+oZ cpk Fkk] ftlls Hkkjr dsoy rhu gÝrksa rd ghvk;kfrr oLrqvksa dk Hkqxrku dj ldrk FkkA ,d rjg ls ns'kfnokfy;k gksus dh dxkj ij [kM+k FkkA ,sls esa viuh varjkZ"Vªh;nsunkjh ij fMiQkWYV ls cpus ds fy, Hkkjr dks rqjar enn dh njdkjFkhA vkbZ,e,iQ us fMiQkWYV ls cpus ds fy, t:jh jde nsus ds

et+cwjh esa gqbZ mnkjhdj.k dh Økafr

yxk gSA ?kjsyw cpr nj 2008 esa thMhih dk38-1 iQhlnh Fkh tks 2011&12 esa 31-3 iQhlnhvkSj yxkrkj pkSFks lky fxjdj 2012&13 esa30-1 iQhlnh ij vk xbZ gSA ;g 9 o"kks± esalcls de cpr nj gSA vxj bl fxjkoV dksvyx&vyx ns[kk tk, rks 2011&12 esagkmlgksYM lsfoaXl (;kuh ifjokjksa }kjk dhtkus okyh cpr) 22-8 iQhlnh Fkh tks 2012&13esa djhc ,d iQhlnh ?kVdj 21-9 iQhlnh jgxbZA bl nkSjku futh {ks=k dh cpr nj 7-3iQhlnh ls de gksdj 7-1 iQhlnh ij vk xbZtcfd ljdkjh {ks=k dh cpr nj 1-2 iQhlnh

vkSj i{k Hkh fparktud gSA vkadM+s fn[kkrs gSafd ifjokj cpr ds fy, iQkbusaf'k;ybaLVªwesaVl dh ctk, fiQftdy baLVwªesaVl(fj;y ,LVsV vkSj lksuk) ij T;knk Hkjkslk djjgs gSaA iQkbusaf'k;y vkSj fiQftdy baLVwªwesaV~lesa fuos'k dk varj 13 lkyksa ds mPpre Lrjij igqap x;k gSA fiQftdy baLVwªwesaVl ijfd;k x;k fuos'k vkfFkZd ra=k ls ckgj pyktkrk gS vkSj bl rjg vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dksrst+ djus esa mldk ;ksxnku ugha jg tkrk gSA;g fLFkfr csgn [krjukd gSA lksus esa fuos'kdks grksRlkfgr djus ds fy, ljdkj us dbZdne mBk, gSa] ftuesa dLVe M~;wVh dks dbZpj.kksa esa c<+kuk vkSj 80%20 dk fu;e l[rhls ykxw djuk 'kkfey gSaA bu dneksa dsldkjkRed urhts Hkh fn[ks gSa] ysfdu rktkvkadM+s ,d ckj fiQj lksus dh [kjhnkjh esabt+kiQ+k gksus ds ladsr ns jgs gSaA vDVwcjesa ns'k esa 4-18 vjc MkWyj ds lksus dk vk;krgqvk tks fd fiNys lky vDVwcj dhrqyuk esa yxHkx 4 xquk gSA bl ys[k ds fçaVesa tkus rd ,sls reke ladsr fey jgs gSa fdljdkj ,d ckj fiQj lksus ds vk;kr ijudsy dlus ds fy, dqN vfrfjDr dnemBk ldrh gSA thMhih o`f¼ nj dks ,d ckjfiQj ngkbZ vadksa esa ys tkus ds fy, ?kjsywcpr nj dks okil igys ds Lrjksa ij ys tkusds fy, xaHkhjrk ls fopkj fd, tkus dht+:jr gSA �

lanHkZ

� vxzoky] xkSjo ,oa [kku] vkfej (2011)baVjus'kuy tuZy vkWiQ fctul eSustesaV]www.ccsnet.org/ijbm

� ckyklqczge.;e] oh,u rFkk lSIliQksMZ] MsfoM]bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] o"kZ 42] vad17] vizSy 2007

cnys Hkkjr ls 67 Vu lksuk fxjoh j[kus dh ekax dhA Hkkjr us cSadvkWWQ baxySaM ds ikl 47 Vu vkSj ;wfu;u cSad vkWWiQ fLoVtjySaM dsikl 20 Vu lksuk fxjoh j[kkA blls ns'k dks 60 djksM+ MkWyj dk dtZfeykA blds dqN gh gÝrksa ds ckn paæ'ks[kj ljdkj fxj xbZ vkSjvke pquko gq, ftlesa ujflag jko dh vxqokbZ esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ dhljdkj cuhA ljdkj cuus ds fy, gÝrs Hkj esa ujflag jko us ns'kdks lacksfèkr fd;k vkSj mlesa vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dh 'kq#vkr ds ladsrns fn,A

vkadM+s fn[kkrs gSa fd ifjokj cprds fy, iQkbusaf'k;y baLVªwesaV~l dh ctk,fiQftdy baLVwªesaVl (fj;y ,LVsV vkSjlksuk) ij T;knk Hkjkslk dj jgs gSaAiQkbusaf'k;y vkSj fiQftdy baLVwªwesaV~lesa fuos'k dk varj 13 lkyksa ds mPpreLrj ij igqap x;k gSA fiQftdybaLVwªwesaVl ij fd;k x;k fuos'k vkfFkZdra=k ls ckgj pyk tkrk gS vkSj bl rjgvkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dks rst+ djus esamldk ;ksxnku ugha jg tkrk gSA

ij fLFkj jghA gkykafd fiNys 9 o"kks± esvxj ns[ksa rks ljdkjh {ks=k dh cpr nj2004&05 ds 2-3 iQhlnh ls vkèkh gksdj 1-2iQhlnh jg xbZ gSA ;g cpr nj ns'k dhvkfFkZd 'kfDr ds fy, fdruh vge gS blsdsoy bl rF; Hkj ls le>k tk ldrk gS fdftl ,iQMhvkbZ ij ljdkjksa vkSj m|ksx txrdk bruk t+ksj gksrk gS] og vkt Hkh thMhihds 2 iQhlnh ls dqN gh T;knk gSA ?kjsyw cpresa deh rks ,d i{k gS] ysfdu bldk ,d


YH - 254/2014


jghl flag

ut+fj;k

izxfr izrhdksa dh gdhdr

tdy cgqr 'kksjxqy gS fd ^ns'kcM+k le`¼ gks jgk gSA vHkh rdgekjk ns'k cjcknh dh rjiQ tk

jgk Fkk] vc vaxsztksa }kjk fn;s 'kklu dkS'kyls ge lH; gks jgs gSaA gekjs ns'k dk cM+kdY;k.k gks jgk gSA D;k rqe bl dY;k.k dksugha ns[k ik jgs gks\ ;s ns[kks ykSg&dop]ykSg&rqjx] djksM+ksa mPpS%Jokvksa dh rkdr lsHkh T;knk rsth ls ,d eghus dk jkLrk ,dfnu esa ikj djk jgk gSA ;s ns[kks] vfXue;hukSdk,¡ galksa dh rjg ØhM+k djrh gqbZ ----okf.kT; dk eky cgk pyk tk jgk gSA ---- xSlds izHkko ls djksM+ksa panzekvksa ftruh jks'kuh gksjgh gS---- dkjisV] dksV] >kM+&iQkuwl] ekjosy]vyckLVj] D;k&D;k dgw¡\ ns'k dk cM+k dY;k.kgks jgk gSA rqe yksx bl dY;k.k ds fy, ,dckj t; cksyksA**

cax n'kZu* esa cafde panz pVthZ ds mDrfopkj Hkkjr esa fczfV'k fot; dks laLFkkfirdjus okyh mu vkoktksa ds fo#¼ izfrfØ;kds :Ik esa Fks tks fczfV'k fot; dks ^Hkkjr esavkèkqfud ;qx dh 'kq:vkr* dk Ik;kZ; ekujgh FkhaA orZeku le; esa Hkh ,slh rekevkoktsa lqukbZ ns jgh gSa] tks ns'k esa vkus okyhfons'kh iwath dks jk"Vª ds fodkl dk Ik;kZ; ekujgh gSaA blfy, mudh lexz vFkZ'kkL=kh; ÅtkZfliQZ mu iz;klksa esa [kpZ gksrh gS fd fons'khiwath ds varokZgksa (buÝyks) dh jÝrkj dksc<+kus esa lg;ksxh gks ldrh gSa ysfdu loky;g mBrk gS fd D;k fliQZ izR;{k fons'khfuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ) ns'k ds fodkl dks vkn'kZfLFkfr rd ys tk ldrk gS\ D;k izR;{k

fons'kh fuos'k dk eqag rkdus dh ctk; ns'kdks vkRefuHkZj cukus dh fn'kk esa ys tkus dkiz;kl ugha djuk pkfg,\ dgha ;g rjhdkdqN gn rd jktuhfrd ra=k ,oa 'kklu dhv{kerk dks Nqikus dk ,d rjhdk rks ugha gSftlus lq'kklu (xousZal) dks U;wu dj mRikndrkdks ?kVk;k vkSj vdeZ.;rk o fujk'kkokn dkstUe fn;k gS\ lkekU;rkSj ij dqN vFkZ'kkL=kh;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ra=k esa fuf"Ø;rk dhxgjh iSB ds dkj.k gh ;g ukScr vk;h fdfodkl ds fy, lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh(ihihih) mik; vFkok izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k(,iQMhvkbZ) ds lgkjs vkxs ljduk iM+ jgkgSA ns[krs gh ns[krs bl ekufldrk dh iSBbruh xgjh gks x;h fd orZeku fo'o O;oLFkkesa dksbZ Hkh ns'k ,slk ugha gS tks vdsys gh iw.kZfodkl djus esa leFkZ gks] blfy, ;g ekufy;k x;k fd fodkl ds fy, fons'kh lgk;rkvifjgk;Z gSA ysfdu ;g O;oLFkk vkfFkZdLokcyEcu vkSj Lora=krk dks dksbZ uqdlkuugha igqapk,xh\

vkèkqfud rduhd ds cgkus 'kq: gqbZ,iQMhvkbZ dh odkyr vc bl eqdke rdigqap x;h gS fd fodkl dk ,d ek=k jkLrk,iQMhvkbZ ds njokts ls gksdj tkrk gSA ;ghugha vadVkM vkSj dqN vU; laLFkk,a bllstqM+h izfrLièkkZ dh ckdk;ns izfro"kZ lwph Hkhtkjh djrh gSa (ns[ksa rkfydk 1)A gkykafd blckr ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fdçR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh vko';drk izR;sdfodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk dks jgrh gSA bldkdkj.k ;g gS fd fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk,a

vk

fons'kh fuos'k c<+us ls ?kjsyw iwath

dh cgqjk"Vªh; iwath ds lkFk

izfr;ksfxrk (lgh vFkksZa esa

izfrLièkkZ) vkjEHk gks tkrh gSA

cgqjk"Vªh; iwath ds vkus ls

mRiknu c<+rk gS vkSj ?kjsyw ekax

esa Hkh o`f¼ gks tkrh gS ftlls

vYikofèkd VªsaM esa fodkl nj

esa dqN rsth vk tkrh gSA ysfdu

nh?kZdkfyd izHkko ;g gksrk gS

fd vFkZO;oLFkk vk;kr vkèkkfjr

gksus yxrh gS ftlls og

vkRefuHkZjrk dh lhek ls ckgj

pyh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh;

vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;g fo'ks"krk ns[kh

Hkh tk ldrh gS

ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA mUgksus ,sfrgkfld&lkekftd] vkfFkZd fo"k;ksa ij vusd iqLrdsa fy[kh gSaA ;s iqLrdsa izdk'ku dsanz (y[kuÅ)] fi;lZu (fdaMlZys MkfyZax izdk'ku fczVsudh nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds fy, Úsapkbth) rFkk fganh ekè;e dk;kZUo;u funs'kky; vkfn izfrf"Br izdk'kdksa }kjk izdkf'kr dh xbZ gSA ,d vU; iqLrd ^u;h fo'o O;oLFkk esaHkkjr** izdk'kukèkhu gSA bZesy% [email protected]


dsoy foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dh deh ls gh tw>rhugha jgrh gSa cfYd muesa mÙke rduhd vkSjdq'ky izcaèku dk vHkko Hkh gksrk gSA rkRi;Z;g gqvk fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks dsoy iwathds varokZgksa (buÝyks) dh gh t:jr ugha gScfYd u;h rduhd vkSj dq'ky izcaèku dksvk;kr djus dh Hkh vkOk';drk gSA blfLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, varr% ;g ekU;rk fodflrdj yh x;h fd fons'kh izR;{k fuos'k vkus dsckn fons'kh rduhd vkSj izcaèku dh Hkh O;oLFkkgks tk,xhA

;gh ugha blds lkFk gh ns'kh dEifu;ksavkSj cktkjksa dk oSf'od lEidZ c<+sxk ftlls,d rks gekjs mRiknksa dh igqap oSf'od cktkjksard lqfUkf'pr gks tk,xh vkSj nwljh rjiQgekjh vFkZO;oLFkk dks izfr;ksxh cuus dkvolj miyCèk gks tk,xkA bl fu"d"kZ ds i{kesa vkt Hkh cgqr ls rdZ gSa vkSj mUgsa iwjh rjgls [kkfjt Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldsckotwn vafre fu"d"kZ rd igqapus ls igys;g tkuuk t:jh gS fd bl O;oLFkk dks ykusvkSj mls laLFkkfir djus esa iwathoknh nqfu;kvkSj mlds fy, dke djus okyh laLFkkvksa dhvly Hkwfedk D;k jgh\ blds lkFk gh blloky dk tokc <wa<us dh Hkh vko';drkgksxh fd vkf[kj if'peh iwathoknh nqfu;k us

bl O;oLFkk dks viukus ds fy, fodkl'khynqfu;k dks ,d izdkj ls ckè; D;ksa fd;k\ D;kif'peh iwathoknh nqfu;k dk blds ihNs ,dek=k ifo=kre mn~ns'; ;gh Fkk fd blds tfj,fodkl'khy nqfu;k dks Hkh le`¼ cuus dkvolj miyCèk djk;k tk,\ D;k okLro esaestcku ns'k fons'kh varokZgksa (buÝyks) dkpfj=k vkSj mn~ns'; tkurs gSa\ D;k bl ckr ijxEHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;k x;k gS fd fodkl'khyns'kksa dh fodkl nj ean iM+rs gh fons'kh iwathds varokZgksa esa u dsoy deh vk tkrh gScfYd fons'kh fuos'kksa ds cgko dh fn'kk cnyD;ksa tkrh gS\

fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl ds nks jkLrs gksrsgSaA ,d jkLrk fcuk fons'kh fuos'k ds vkfFkZdfodkl dk gSA blesa fodkl dh nj rks èkheh

fuos'kd viuh iwath ykHkka'kksa dk iqufuoZs'kestcku ns'k esa u djds okil ys x;s ;k ystkrs jgs rks nh?kZdky esa ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkkdh ykHkka'k nj fxj tk,xh vkSj vFkZO;oLFkkdk dqy mRiknu vis{kkd`r de jgsxkA

vkf[kj fons'kh iwath yxkus okys ns'kksa dhbl O;oLFkk dks LFkkfir djus ds ihNs ea'kkD;k Fkh\ vxj bl O;oLFkk dk vkèkkj iwathoknhns'kksa us rS;kj fd;k gS rks LokHkkfod rkSj ijblesa muds vius ykHk ;k dqN xkS.k mís'; Hkhfufgr gksaxsA njvly bldh iwoZihfBdk okf'kaVxuvkejk; (okf'kaxVu dalssall) }kjk rS;kj dhx;h FkhA blds rgr igys vesfjdk esa fons'khiawth] eqDr cktkj] futhdj.k vkSj ljdkjhvkfFkZd Hkwfedk esa Hkkjh dVkSrh ----tSlh uhfr;ksadk lekos'k djus lEcaèkh igy dh x;hA cknesa bls <kapkxr lek;kstu dk;ZØe (LVªDpjy,MtLVesaV izksxzke_ lSi) dk uke fn;k x;kvkSj fiQj blds nk;js esa 'ks"k nqfu;k dks ykusdh dksf'k'k dh x;hA blds rgr rhljh nqfu;kds cktkjksa esa ?kqlus ds fy, fons'kh iwathfgrS'kh uhfr;ksa dks izksRlkgu fn, x;s (ftuesancko dh xkS.k fo'ks"krk,a Hkh fufgr Fkha) vkSjvkfFkZd lao`f¼ (vkfFkZd xzksFk) dks vkfFkZdfodkl dk fodYi (nksuksa esa eq[;:Ik lslS¼kafrd vkSj O;ogkfjd nksuksa gh èkjkry ijcqfu;knh iQdZ gksrk gS D;ksafd lao`f¼ ;k xzksFkjs[kh; fodkl dks ekirh gS ftlesa vk; dhof¼ dsUnz esa jgrh gS tcfd fodkl cgqvk;kehgS ftlesa vk; esa o`f¼ ds lkFk&lkFk vU;fo"k;] tSls thou izR;k'kk] f'k'kq e`R;q nj]ekr` e`R;q nj] thouksi;ksxh lqfoèkkvksa dhmiyCèkrk] vkfn Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSa) cukdj;g r; dj fn;k x;k fd blds fy, mnkjhdj.k]futhdj.k vkSj Hkwe.Myhdj.k vfuok;Z gSAfons'kh iwath dk izokg bUgha rhuksa pjksa ds lgkjsljduk 'kq: gqvk vkSj vkt rd ogh fLFkfrcjdjkj gSA iwathoknh nqfu;k vius bl mn~ns';esa liQy blfy, gks x;h D;ksafd mlh le;lksfo;r lkE;okn dk iru gqvk ftlls lksfo;rvFkok jkT; dh vifjfer rkdr ij vkèkkfjrikVhZ fu;af=kr lkE;okn ds :i esa jktdh;iwathokn 75 lky dh dok;n ds ckn ,dckjxhlekIr gks x;k FkkA

iQqdq;kek tSls fo}kuksa us bl ?kVuk dks^bfrgkl dk var* dgdj ;g lqfuf'pr djfn;k fd nqfu;k ds lkeus vc dsoy ,d ghjkLrk gS fd os iwathoknh nqfu;k }kjk fufeZr

rkfydk 1% fofHkUu ns'kksa esa izR;{kfons'kh fuos'k dh fLFkfr

LFkku ns'k izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k2012 2013

1 vesfjdk 161 1882 phu 121 1243 :l 51 794 gkaxdkax 75 775 czkthy 65 646 flaxkiqj 61 647 dukMk 43 428 vkLVªsfy;k 56 509 Lisu 26 3910 eSfDldks 18 3811 fczVsu 46 3712 vk;jyS.M 38 3613 yXtecxZ 10 3014 Hkkjr 24 2815 teZuh 13 27

lzzksr% oYMZ buosLVesaV fjiksVZ 2014_ vadVkM

jgrh gS ysfdu mlesa fVdkÅiu vfèkd gksrkgSA nwljk jkLrk fons'kh iwath ds lg;ksx lsfodkl gS ftlesa vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfr rhozjgrh gS ysfdu mlesa mrkj&p<+ko ;k vfuf'prkdh laHkkouk,a Hkh jgrh gSaA [krjk bl ckr dkHkh jgrk gS fd vafre ifj.kke ns'k ds vuqdwylkfcr u gksaA izfl¼ fo}ku Hkjr >qu>quokykdh iqLrd ^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk* ls xqtjrsgq, irk pyrk gS fd njvly fons'kh fuos'k?kjsyw iawth cktkj esa dqy iwath dh miyCèkrkdks c<+k nsrk gS ftlls estcku ns'k ds le{kiwath dh LkeL;k ugha jg tkrhA blls fodkldh nj rst gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSysfdu D;k bl rF; dks njfdukj fd;k tkldrk gS fd c<+rh iwath ij gzkl dk fu;e(ykW vkWiQ fMefuflax fjVuZ) ykxw gks tkrk gS]ftldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd iwath dh miyCèkrkds vuqikr esa vFkZO;oLFkk dks feyus okyhykHkka'k dh nj Hkh ?kVrh gSA ;kuh c<+rh gq;hiwath varr% ?kVrs gq, izfriQy ds :Ik esalkeus vk,xhA ,slk gqvk rks vFkZO;oLFkk esaiqufuZos'k ?kVsxk ftldk nh?kZdky esa ?kjsywvFkZO;oLFkk ij xaHkhj izHkko iMs+xkA ;fn

vkf[kj if'peh iwathoknh nqfu;kus bl O;oLFkk dks viukus ds fy,fodkl'khy nqfu;k dks ,d izdkj lsckè; D;ksa fd;k\ D;k if'peh iwathoknhnqfu;k dk blds ihNs ,d ek=k ifo=kremn~ns'; ;gh Fkk fd blds tfj,fodkl'khy nqfu;k dks Hkh le`¼ cuusdk volj miyCèk djk;k tk,\


jkLrs dks gh viuh fu;fr cuk ysaA ;gh ogdky Fkk tc Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh ladVdk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh] blfy, 1990 dsn'kd esa Hkkjr us Hkh rFkkdfFkr eqDr }kj dhuhfr dks fu;fr ekudj viuk fy;k ysfduD;k dHkh ;g fopkj fd;k x;k fd 1980 dsn'kd ds var esa Hkkjr esa tks o`gn vkfFkZdladV (eSØksbdksukWfed Økbfll) vk;k Fkkog okLro esa jkT; fu;af=kr vFkZO;oLFkk dhvliQyrk dk ifj.kke Fkk vFkok ljdkj dhukdkeh dk\ vxj ;g ljdkj dh vliQyrkdk ifj.kke Fkk rks fiQj vFkZO;oLFkk dk Lo:IkD;ksa cny x;k\ nwljh ckr ;g fd ladV dsckgjh lrg rd vk tkus rd ljdkjsa mlstku D;ksa ugha ik;ha\ rhljh ;g fd ewy eqn~nsrks ljdkjh ctV ?kkVk vkSj eqnzkLiQhfr lEcaèkhFks] ftUgsas ^ljdkj dh v{kerk* dk ifj.kkegh ekuk tkuk pkfg, Fkk] fiQj ljdkj us bUgsanwj djus ds fy, eqDr }kj] mnkjokn ofuthdj.k dk jkLrk D;ksa pquk\

fons'kh iwath dh izd`fr lqfuf'pr djrsle; mu yksxksa ds pfj=k dks igpkus dht:jr gS ftUgsa eSF;w tkslsiQlu ^jkWcj CkSjal*dh laKk nsrs gSaA mUgksaus viuh iqLrd n jkWcjcSjal* esa ^n xzsV vesfjdu dSfiVfyLV~l%1861&1901* mi'kh"kZd ds varxZr vesfjdkds ifjorZu dk bfrgkl fy[krs le; cSjal dkmYys[k fd;k gS tks tq>k: Fks vkSj ladVdky esa ,dtqV gksuk tkurs FksA budk izHkkotehu] m|ksx vkSj dkjksckj ls ysdj lhusVrd FkkA bUgha yksxksa us vesfjdk esa vkS|ksfxdØkafr ykus esa ,d vge Hkwfedk fuHkk;hAbudk ,dek=k mn~ns'; vfèkd ls vfèkd iSlscVksjuk Fkk blfy, èkhjs&èkhjs ;g cgqrksa dksywVdj izxfr ds izrhd cu x;sA dkyZ ekDlZbUgsa çxfr ds ,tsaV* uke nsrs gSA budh Hkw[ktc vnE; gq;h rks bUgksaus ns'k ds ckgj dsizkdfrd lalkèkuksa dks vius ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkkvkSj vius vuqykHkksa ds lkFk tksM+us dh ;qfDrviukuh 'kq: dj nhA fuos'kksa ds :Ik esa rhljhnqfu;k ds ns'kksa dh vksj iwath dk izokg blh;qfDr dk gh ,d fgLlk Fkk vkSj vkt HkhgSA vkt izxfr ds ;s ,tsaV (jkWcj cSjal)izR;sd iwathoknh ;k phu tSls fof'k"Vlektoknh ns'kksa esa Hkh laLFkkfir gks pqdsgSaA ,sls esa ;g fopkj djuk t:jh gks tkrkgS fd ;fn jkWcj cSjal viuh iwath fdlh Hkhnwljs ns'k rd ys tkrs gSA rks os estcku ns'kdh dSlh rLohj cuk,axs\

bl rjg ls vk jgs fons'kh fuos'k ds ihNs,d dk;Z&dkj.k lEcaèk vkSj Hkh gS] ftls dqNfcanqvksa ds ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSAizFker;k] fdlh Hkh ns'k esa vfèkd fons'kh iwathvkus ls fons'kh eqnzk dk izokg ?kjsyw cktkj esac<+ tkrk gSA blls ?kjsyw eqnzk dh ekax c<+rh gSftlds dkj.k ?kjsyw eqnzk dk ewY; p<+us yxrkgSA blls estcku ns'k ds fu;kZr izHkkfor gksrs gSavkSj vk;kr izksRlkfgrA ;g O;oLFkk ;fn yEcsle; rd cuh jgs rks estcku vFkZO;oLFkk dkvk;kr vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa ifjofrZr gkstkus dk [krjk mRiUu gks tkrk gSA dbZ ckj dbZfjiksVksZa esa ,slk ns[kk x;k gS fd vesfjdk tSlsns'k dk fu;kZr tc fxjus yxrk gS rks ogtkucw>dj MkWyj dk izokg Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa dhvksj c<+k nsrk gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd

fodkl nj fxjrs gh cgqjk"Vªh; iwath ds fy, ykHkdh laHkkouk,a de gksus yxrh gSaA bldk ifj.kke;g gksrk gS fd iwath varokZg (buÝyks) ?kVusyxrk gSa ftlls ?kjsyw cktkj esa fons'kh eqnzk egaxhgks tkrh gS vkSj ?kjsyw eqnzk lLrhA fLFkfr;ka cnyrsgh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vk;krksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy,MkWyjksa dh deh gksus yxrh gS vkSj lkFk gh MkWyjds egaxs gks tkus ls vk;kr egaxs gksus yxrs gSa tksu dsoy cktkj cfYd estcku ns'k dslkekftd&vkfFkZd <kaps dks Hkh izHkkfor djrs gSaAnwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa iwathoknh ns'kksa dh bl izdkj dhuhfr;ksa ds dkj.k estcku ns'k ds ?kjsyw m|ksx o?kjsyw iwath izfr"Bku detksj gksrs gSa tcfd bllsizkIr vuqykHkksa ls iwathoknh ns'kksa ds m|ksx o iwathizfr"Bku vkSj leFkZA vxj bfrgkl ij xkSj djsarks ik,axs 19oha 'krkCnh ds izFkek¼Z esa fczfV'km|fe;ksa o iwathifr;ksa us Hkkjr esa blh rjg lsy?kq dqVhj m|ksxksa dk fouk'k fd;k FkkA

fiNys dqN o"kksZ a esa Hkkjr dh rjiQvk, izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ij fuxkg Mkysarks irk pysxk fd o"kZ 2000 ls ysdj vcrd dqy 324 vjc Mkyj dk çR;{k fons'khfuos'k gqvk gSA vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fdbl nkSjku lcls vfèkd ,iQMhvkbZ ekWfj'kltSls ns'k ls vk;kA loky ;g mBrk gS fdvkf[kj xksok ds cjkcj {ks=kiQy okys ,dNksVs ns'k ds ikl bruk èku dgka ls vk x;kfd Hkkjr esa gksus okys dqy fuos'k dk 36çfr'kr fuos'k bl NksVs ls ns'k ls vk;k gS\bldk ,d i{k ;g gS fd fons'kksa esa tekdkyk èku blh jkLrs ls okil Hkkjr yk;kx;kA ;kuh Hkkjr dk dkyk èku ns'k ls ckgjfLFkfr VSDl gSosal] ftuesa ls ,d ekWfj'klHkh gS] esa tkrk gS vkSj ogka ls og fuos'kksads :Ik esa Hkkjr vkrk gSA dqN le; ckn;g fuos'k ykHkka'kks a ds lkFk iqu% ekWfj'klykSV tkrk gSA bl rjg ls ;g dqpØ tkjhjgrk gSA

cgjgky çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkfFkZdlaof¼ dks c<+kok nsus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA blckr ds Hkh lk{; gSa fd çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ds:Ik esa iwath ds vkus ls ns'k ds vanj jkstxkj dsvolj iSnk gq, gSa ysfdu ;s ,Me fLeFk ds^vn'; gkFk* gSa ftuls lkoèkku jgus dh t:jrHkh gSA dqy feykdj xq#nso johUnzukFk VSxksj ds;s 'kCn vkt fiQj lkspus dks foo'k dj jgs gSafd ^ge lc dqN ,d cM+h nqdku ls [kjhn jgsgSa] tks ns'k HkkX;'kkyh gSa os lnSo Lons'k dks ns'kds bfrgkl esa gh [kkstrs vkSj ikrs gSa] gekjsekeys esa bldk myVk gS--A** �

?kjsyw eqnzk dk ewY; MkWyj ds eqdkcys p<+tkrk gS ftlls vk;krksa dks izksRlkgu fey tkrkgSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks fuos'kksa ds :Ik esa MkWyjHkstdj vesfjdk tSlk ns'k Hkkjrh; cktkj esavius mRiknksa dh ekax ds fy, LFkku fufeZrdjrk gSA

f}rh;] fons'kh fuos'k c<+us ls ?kjsyw iwathdh cgqjk"Vªh; iwath ds lkFk izfr;ksfxrk (lghvFkksZa esa izfrLièkkZ) vkjEHk gks tkrh gSA cgqjk"Vªh;iwath ds vkus ls mRiknu c<+rk gS vkSj ?kjsywekax esa Hkh of¼ gks tkrh gS ftlls vYikofèkdVªsaM esa fodkl nj esa dqN rsth vk tkrh gSaAysfdu nh?kZdkfyd izHkko ;g gksrk gS fdvFkZO;oLFkk vk;kr vkèkkfjr gksus yxrh gSftlls og vkRefuHkZjrk dh lhek ls ckgjpyh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;gfo'ks"krk ns[kh Hkh tk ldrh gSA

rRkh;] pwafd iwath fuos'k esa yxkrkj of¼?kjsyw iwath ds ykHkka'kksa dh nj fxjkrh jgrh gSblfy, iqufuZos'k esa deh gksus yxrh gS ftldkizHkko vkfFkZd fodkl nj ij iM+rk gSA vkfFkZd

fons'kh iwath dh izd`fr lqfuf'prdjrs le; mu yksxksa ds pfj=k dksigpkus tkus dh t:jr gS ftUgsa eSF;wtkslsiQlu jkWcj CkSjal* dh laKk nsrs gSaAdkyZ ekDlZ bUgsa ^çxfr ds ,tsaV* ukensrs gSaA budh Hkw[k tc vnE; gq;h rksbUgksaus ns'k ds ckgj ds izkd`frdlalkèkuksa dks vius ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkkvkSj vius vuqykHkksa ds lkFk tksM+us dh;qfDr viukuh 'kq: dj nhA


eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk ,d ,slk le>kSrk gS ftls nks ;k nks lsvfèkd ns'kksa ds chp O;kikj dks vfèkd vklku] vfèkd lqyHk rFkkvkSj dq'ky cukus ds fy, dqN fu;eksa ds rgr fd;k tkrk gSA ;gfu;kZrdksa rFkk fuos'kdksa }kjk nwljs ns'kksa ds cktkjksa rd igqap dksc<+kok nsus rFkk O;kikj esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ckèkkvksa dks de djus,oa ekStwnk igqap cuk, j[kus dh lqfuf'prrk ls lacafèkr gSA

eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk nks izdkj dk gksrk gS&f}i{kh; (nks ns'kksads chp) rFkk cgqi{kh; (vusd ns'kksa ds chp) blds i{kdkjvfèkdrj oLrqvksa (;fn lHkh u gksa) ij ls 'kqYd] dksVk vkSjojh;rvksa dks lekIr djus ds fy, rS;kj gksrs gSaA

;s ns'k vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk ,d eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs (,iQVh,)dk p;u djrs gSa tks ,d iwjd vkfFkZd <kapk gksrk gS rFkk ;s ,slsns'k gksrs gSa tks mudh vFkZO;oLFkk dh izfrLièkkZ esa ugha gksrsA

eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs lkekU;r% oLrqvksa ds O;kikj (tSls d`f"krFkk vkS|ksfxd mRikn) ;k lsokvksa ds O;kikj (tSls cSafdax] fuekZ.k]O;kikj vkfn) ls lacafèkr gksrs gSaA blds vykok ,iQVh, ds rgrvU; {ks=k Hkh gSa tSls ckSf¼d laink ds vfèkdkj (vkbihvkj)]fuos'k] ljdkjh [kjhn rFkk izfrLièkkZ uhfr vkfnA eqDr O;kikjle>kSrs (,iQVh,) dks vU; ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk tk ldrk gS tSlscan vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh (lhbZih) ;k dwVuhfr;k vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh(,lbZih) ftls vyx&vyx ns'kksa us viuh Hkk"kk ds vuq#i r;fd;k gSA

blds lnL; ns'k fu;eksa vkSj fofu;eksa ds rgr ,d lqjf{krO;kikj lacaèk LFkkfir djrs gSaA muds fu;ked rFkk vfèkdkjh viusfudV lg;ksx ds ekè;e ls fuos'kdksa vkSj O;olk;ksa dk è;kucktkj dh vksj vkdf"kZr djkus ds fy, ,d Li"V n`f"Vdks.k iznkudjrs gSaA

gky gh esa] Hkkjr us Hkh yaacs le; ls yafcr jgs nl lnL;h;ksnf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ jk"Vªksa ds laxBu (vkfl;ku) ds lkFk lsokvksavkSj fuos'k esa eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA

;g le>kSrk bu nl lnL; ns'kksa esa 'kkfey baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k]fiQyhihUl] flaxkiqj] FkkbysSaM ds is'ksojksa dh jkg dks vklkucuk,xk rFkk fuos'k dks Hkh c<+k,xkA cqzusbZ] dacksfM;k] ykvksl]E;kaekj (cekZ) vkSj fo;ruke lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds fy, rFkkis'ksoj {ks=kksa tSls igpku cukus] cktkj rd igqap] jk"Vªh; izcaèk]lsokvksa ij la;qDr lfefr] leh{kk] fooknksa dk fuiVku rFkk ykHkksals eukgh vkSj ?kjsyw fu;eksa ls vkxs c<sa+xsA �

bZvkbZ, dk vFkZ bZ&chek [kkrk ;k bysDVªkWfud chek [kkrk gSAbZ&chek [kkrs dh voèkkj.kk dk mnn~s'; bldh uhfr ds rgr chek;kstuk [kkrk èkkjdksa ds izek.ki=kksa dh bysDVªkWfud rjhds ls j{kkdjuk gSA ;g baVjusV ds t+fj, ek=k ,d fDyd ls blds chekèkkjdksadks viuh ikWfylh dh fuos'k lwph rd igaqpus dh lqfoèkk nsrk gSAizR;sd bZ&chek [kkrs dk viuk ,d vyx uacj gksrk gS vkSj izR;sd[kkrk èkkjd dh viuh ,d vyx vkbZMh rFkk ikloMZ gksrk gSftlls fd os vkWuykbu bysDVªkWfud ikWfyfl;ksa rd igqap ldsaA

dksbZ Hkh [kkrkèkkjd ;k ikWfylhèkkjd bZ&chek [kkrk iQkeZ* HkjdjrFkk t:jh nLrkost+ksa tSls iQksVks vkbZMh] uohure ikliksVZ vkdkj dhiQksVks] jn~n fd;k gqvk psd ,oa fuokl LFkku dk izek.k vkfn dks chekfjikWftVjh ;k chek daiuh vFkok chek fjikWftVjh }kjk fdlh vfèkÑrO;fDr ds ikl tek djds u;k bZ&chek [kkrk [kksyk tk ldrk gSA

vkbZvkjMh, }kjk ^ba';ksjsal fjikWftVjh ,DV^ ds rgr vc rdikap laLFkkvksa dks bZ&chek [kkrksa dks [kksyus ds fy, iathdj.k dkizek.k i=k iznku fd;k gS ftuds uke gSa] 1- ,u,lMh,y MkVkcslizcaèku fyfeVsM] 2- dsanzh; chek fjikWftVjh fyfeVsM] 3- ,lplhvkbZ,yizkstsDVl fyfeVsM] 4- dkohZ chek fjikWftVjh fyfeVsM] 5- lh,,e,lfjikWftVjh lfoZlst+ fyfeVsMA

bZ&chek [kkrs dks lgh rjhds ls iQkeZ Hkjus ds lkr fnuksa dsHkhrj [kksyk tk ldrk gSA [kkrk [kqyus ds ckn bZ&chek [kkrk èkkjddks ,d Lokxr fdV Hksth tkrh gS ftlesa bl u, [kkrs ds iz;ksxls lacafèkr fooj.k gksrk gSA

bZ&chek [kkrk] bZysDVªkWfud :Ik esa chek ikWfyfl;ka gksus ds dbZykHk iznku djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] u;k [kkrk [kksyus ds fy,fdlh rjg dk dksbZ Hkqxrku ugha djuk iM+rk] D;ksafd ;g eqÝr gSAblesa u dksbZ uqdlku] {kfr ;k tksf[ke gS vkSj u gh dksbZ fod`frogha] nLrkosTk+ksa esa ,slh laHkkouk gksrh gSA blds vykok] bysDVªkWfud:Ik esa chek ikWfyfl;ka [kkrs rd tc vkSj tgka pkgsa ,d lqjf{krfuxjkuh rFkk vklku igqap cukrh gSaA bZ&chek [kkrs esa dHkh HkhykWfxu djus ds ckn vklkuh ls ikWfylh dks MkmuyksM Hkh fd;k tkldrk gSA

thou] isa'ku] LokLF;] lkekU; rFkk okf"kZd ikWfyfl;ksa dks(ftUgsa bjMk ds lkFk iathd`r chek daifu;ksas }kjk tkjh fd;k x;kgS) bysDVªkWfud :Ik ls ,d gh txg bZ&chek [kkrs esa yk;k x;kgS ftldk vFkZ gS fd lHkh ikWfyfl;ksa ds fooj.k rd ,d gh [kkrsds ekè;e ls igqapk tk ldrk gSA bZ&chek [kkrs dks [kksyus ds le;,d ckj tek djk, x, dsokbZlh izek.ki=k dks u, bZ&chek [kkrk[kksyus ij nksckjk tek djkus dh vko';drk ugha gS vkSj bZ&chek[kkrk [kqyus ds ckn] dsokbZlh izek.k i=k dh dksbZ vko';drkugha gksrhA �

D;k vki tkurs gSa\eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk bZ&chek [kkrk

izLrqfr% okfVdk panzk] milaiknd (;kstuk] vaxzsth) bZesy% [email protected]


jr esa bl le; ;fn fdlh,d ckr dh vk'kk dks jk"Vªh;vkdka{kk dgk tk ldrk gS] rks og

gS fodklA bl ,d 'kCn esa ns'k dh gj vkdka{kkdks lesVk tk ldrk gS ysfdu pkgs ftl fdlh{ks=k esa fodkl dh ppkZ 'kq: dh tk;s] lclsigyk ç'u mBrk gS fd blds fy, t:jhèkujkf'k dgka ls vk;sxh\ fodkl ds fy, lclsigyh vko';drk gS iwath] vkSj Hkkjr tSlsfo'kky ns'k esa fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa fodkl ds fy,cgqr cM+h iw¡th pkfg,A vxj ge cqfu;knh <k¡psds fdlh Hkh vax dh ckr djsa] rks mlds fodklds jkLrs esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh iw¡th dh deh ds:i esa gh lkeus vkrh gSA ljdkj ds fy, [kqnfodkl ds gj dke ds fy, lalkèkuksa dkbartke dj ikuk laHko ugha gSA blhfy, ljdkjus futh {ks=k dh lgHkkfxrk dks c<+kok nsus okyhuhfr;k¡ viuk;h gSa ysfdu ns'k dk futh {ks=k Hkhvius Lrj ij mruh cM+h iw¡th ugha tqVk ldrk]ftrus dh vko';drk gSA ns'k dk futh {ks=kvko';d iw¡th dk ,d NksVk fgLlk gh miyCèkdjk ldrk gSA

,sls esa loky mBrk gS fd D;k ns'k ds ckgjls vkus okyh iw¡th bl leL;k dk lekèkku djldrh gS\ lkFk gh ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd D;kcM+h fons'kh iw¡th Hkkjr esa vkus dh bPNqd gS\vxj gk¡] rks fdu 'krks± iZj\ oSf'od fuos'kdksaesa Hkkjr dks ysdj vjls ls dkiQh mRlqdrkfn[krh jgh gSA fodflr ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ftl rjg gky ds o"kks± es± MkZ¡okMksy jgh gSa]mlds eísutj Hkkjr dh rhoz fodkl nj fons'khfuos'kdksa dks yqHkkrh jgh gSA mUgsa rsth ls c<+rsHkkjr esa vius fy, volj fn[krk gSA ;kuh ,d

rjiQ Hkkjr dks fons'kh iw¡th dh vko';drk gS]vkSj nwljh rjiQ fons'kh fuos'kdksa esa Hkkjr dksysdj #fp HkhA exj blds ckn Hkh Hkkjr esafons'kh fuos'k ml lhek rd ugha vk ldk gS]ftruk fuos'k vkus dh laHkkouk,¡ gSaA bldhrqyuk esa phu us dbZ xquk T;knk fons'kh fuos'kvkdf"kZr fd;k gS] tcfd cgqrsjs fons'kh fuos'kd;g Li"V :i ls dgrs gSa fd yksdrkaf=kd ns'kgksus ds ukrs Hkkjr muds fy, dgha T;knk csgrjfuos'k fodYi gSA

;fn ge lky 2013 ds vkadM+ksa dks ns[ksarks ,f'k;k esa vkus okys çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k(,iQMhvkbZ) dk lcls T;knk 34 izfr'krfgLlk phu us vkdf"kZr fd;kA bldh rqyukesa dsoy 8-57 izfr'kr fgLlk Hkkjr esa vk;k]tcfd E;k¡ekj tSls NksVs ns'k us Hkh 7 izfr'krfgLlk vkdf"kZr fd;k vkSj fo;ruke dks 8izfr'kr fgLlk feykA chrs 10 o"kks± es± phu usdqy feyk dj 2]000 vjc MkWyj dk ,iQMhvkbZgkfly fd;k gSA bldh rqyuk esa Hkkjr esadsoy 229 vjc MkWyj dk ,iQMhvkbZ vk;kgSA Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa dsoy ,d cVk ik¡pvkcknh okys ns'k czkthy us ,d n'kd esa 461vjc MkWyj dk fons'kh fuos'k tqVk;kA

vkf[kj og dkSu&lh ckèkk,¡ gSa] tks Hkkjr esafons'kh fuos'k vkus ds jkLrs esa ckèkd cuh gqbZ gSa\njvly lcls çeq[k ckèkk gS jktuhfrd vkelgefr dk vHkkoA ns'k ds fofHkUu jktuhfrdnyksa esa bl ckr dks ysdj ,d jk; ugha gS fdfdu&fdu {ks=kksa esa] fdl lhek rd vkSj fdu'krks± dZs lkFk fons'kh fuos'k vkus dh vuqefr nhtkuh pkfg,A oSls rks ns'k ds nksuksa lcls çeq[knyksa] Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;

Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k% vrhr vkSj orZeku

jktho jatu >k

dkyØe

Hkk

vadVkM dh oYMZ bUosLVesaV

fjiksVZ] 2014 ds vuqlkj chrs

o"kZ] lky 2013 esa Hkkjr esa vkus

okyk fons'kh fuos'k 28-20 vjc

MkWyj dk jgk gSA blls igys]

lky 2012 esa ;g 24-20 vjc

MkWyj] lky 2011 esa 36-19

vjc MkWyj vkSj lky 2010 esa

27-43 vjc MkWyj FkkA ;kuh chrs

o"kks± dZs nkSjku blesa mrkj&p<+ko

vkrk jgk gSA nwljh vksj Hkkjr

ls vU; ns'kksa dks tkus okyk

fons'kh fuos'k fiNys dqN o"kks±

esa rst Fkk] exj chrs lky blesa

dkiQh deh vk;h gS

ys[kd ekfld if=kdk fuos'k eaFku vkSj lekpkj iksVZy 'ks;j eaFku ds laiknd gSaA og lekpkj pSuy th fctusl* esa ,d nSfud dk;ZØe ds izLrksrk Hkh gSaA blls igys,uMhVhoh] vktrd vkSj vej mtkyk esa dke dj pqds gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


dkaxzsl] nksuksa dh lksp fons'kh fuos'k ds çfrldkjkRed gS] ysfdu bldh ckjhfd;ksa dks ysdjos vkil esa my>rs jgs gSaA mudk ;g my>ukdkiQh gn rd jktuhfr ls çsfjr Hkh jgk gSA oghalektoknh lksp ls çsfjr cgqr&ls jktuhfrd nyfons'kh iw¡th dks vk'kadk dh nf"V ls ns[krs gSa vkSjbldk Lokxr ugha djrsA oke ny rks Li"V :ils fons'kh fuos'k dk fojksèk djrs gSa exj t:jr;g gS jktuhfrd fojksèkksa ds Åij jk"Vªh; t:jrdks egRo nsrs gq, ,d jktuhfrd loZlEefrrS;kj dh tk;sA Hkkjr ds fy, tgk¡ fons'kh fuos'kdks vkdf"kZr djuk vko';d gS] ogk¡ bldsvuq:i uhfr;k¡ cuk;h tk;sa vkSj ;g Hkh ns[kktk;s fd ,slk djrs le; gekjs jk"Vªh; fgrksa dksdgha pksV u igq¡psA

D;k gS çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k

çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ;k iQkWjsu Mk;jsDVbUosLVesaV (,iQMhvkbZ) dk eryc gS fons'khfuos'kdksa dh vksj ls fdlh vU; vFkZO;oLFkkesa yxk;h x;h iw¡thA bl fuos'k dk lhèkkmís'; yxk;h x;h iwath ij ykHk gkfly djukgksrk gSA bls lhèks rkSj ij ,sls le>k tkldrk gS fd tc ,d ns'k dh dksbZ daiuh(;k dksbZ bdkbZ) nwljs ns'k dh fdlh daiuh;k bdkbZ esa iw¡th fuos'k djrh gS rks mls,iQMhvkbZ dgrs gSaA ;g vçR;{k fuos'k lsvyx gS] ;kuh blesa iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'k dks'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrkA felky ds rkSj ijvxj ,d ns'k dk dksbZ laLFkkxr fuos'kd'ks;j cktkj ds ekè;e ls nwljs ns'k dh daiuhds 'ks;jksa esa fuos'k djs] rks bls ,iQMhvkbZ ughadgk tkrkA ,sls fuos'k dks ge laLFkkxr fons'khfuos'k ;k iQkWjsu baLVhV;w'kuy bUosLVesaV dgrsgSaA vkWWxZsukbts'ku iQkWj bdksukWfed dks&vkWWijs'ku,saM MsoyiesaV (vksbZlhMh) ds ekudksa dseqrkfcd 10 izfr'kr ls T;knk bfDoVh dsfuos'k dks gh ,iQMhvkbZ ekuk tkrk gS] tcfdblls de fuos'k dks iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'k ;k,iQvkbZvkbZ esa fxuk tkrk gSA

,d ns'k dh daiuh nwljs ns'k esa dbZrjhdksa ls ,iQMhvkbZ dj ldrh gSA og nwljsns'k esa ;k rks [kqn viuh ,d lgk;d daiuh[kksy ldrh gS vkSj mlds ekè;e ls iw¡thyxk ldrh gS] ;k ml ns'k dh fdlh vU;daiuh dh bfDoVh esa fuos'k dj ldrh gSAvU; daiuh dh bfDoVh esa ;g fuos'k foy;

;k lk>k m|e ds :i esa gks ldrk gSA,iQMhvkbZ vkSj iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'k esa ,deq[; varj fuos'k dh vofèk dk gSA lkekU;rkSj ij ,iQMhvkbZ dkiQh yach vofèk dksè;ku esa j[k dj fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd bldstfj;s dksbZ daiuh nwljs ns'k esa viuk m|eyxkrh gS ;k fdlh m|e esa lk>snkj curh gSAogha iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'k esa okafNr ykHk feyrsgh fuos'kd viuk iSlk okil fudkyus dhbPNk j[krk gSA blfy, iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'kyach vofèk dk gks] ;g vko';d ugha gSA

,iQMhvkbZ vkSj iksVZiQksfyvks fuos'k esanwljk eq[; varj dkjksckj ds çcaèku ijfu;a=k.k dks ysdj gSA lkekU; :i ls,iQMhvkbZ ds tfj;s fons'kh fuos'kd mldaiuh ds çcaèku ij iwjk ;k vkaf'kd fu;a=k.k

mnkjhdj.k ds lkFk c<+k fons'kh fuos'kdk pyu

Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k dh xfr vkfFkZdmnkjhdj.k dk nkSj 'kq: gksus ds lkFk gh c<+hAvLlh ds n'kd rd Hkkjr fodkl ds fy,t:jh fons'kh iw¡th ykus ds ekeys esa f}i{kh;vkSj cgqi{kh; Í.k le>kSrksa ij gh T;knkfuHkZj FkkA lky 1991 esa mnkjhdj.k 'kq: gksusrd ,iQMhvkbZ dh vuqefr dsoy fxus&pqus{ks=kksa esa gh Fkh vkSj og Hkh cgqr lkjh 'krks± dZslkFkA buesa lk>k m|e esa LFkkuh; fgLlsnkjh]LFkkuh; lkexzh dh vfuok;Zrk] fu;kZr nkf;RotSlh 'krs± 'kkfey FkhaA lky 1991 ls igyspqfuank {ks=kksa esa 40 izfr'kr rd ,iQMhvkbZ dhvuqefr Fkh ysfdu 1991 ds ckn vkus okyhfofHkUu ljdkjksa us ,iQMhvkbZ uhfr dks Øe'k%mnkj cuk;kA o"kZ 1991 esa ljdkj us baVhxzsVsMVkmuf'ki] j{kk m|ksx] Vh IykaVs'ku tSls dbZu;s {ks=kksa dks ,iQMhvkbZ ds fy, [kksykA lkFkgh T;knkrj {ks=kksa esa ,iQMhvkbZ dh vfèkdrelhek dks c<+k;k x;k] tSls fd foKkiu]gokbZ&vM~Ms] futh {ks=k esa rsy fjiQkbfuax]nok oxSjgA fons'kh daifu;ksa dks Hkkjr esa iw.kZLokfeRo okyh lgk;d (lClhfM;jh) daifu;k¡[kksyus dh btktr nh x;hA blls fons'khdaifu;ksa dks Hkkjr esa la;qDr m|e okyhdaifu;ksa dks vius LokfeDo okyh daifu;ksa esacnyus dh NwV feyhA lky 1991 esa 35 {ks=kksadks çkFkfedrk {ks=k ?kksf"kr dj muesa vkWWVkseSfVd:V ls ;kuh Lo;eso 51 izfr'kr rd ,iQMhvkbZdh vuqefr ns nh x;hA blds ckn 1997 esadqN [kkl {ks=kksa esa 'kr&izfr'kr rd ,iQMhvkbZdk jkLrk [kksy fn;k x;k] tcfd 111 {ks=kksa esa74@51@50 izfr'kr rd Lo;eso ,iQMhvkbZdh NwV nh x;hA lky 2000 ls ,iQMhvkbZuhfr esa dkiQh [kqykiu vk;k] tc dqN [kkl{ks=kksa dh udkjkRed lwph dks NksM+ dj ckdhlHkh {ks=kksa esa Lo;eso 100 izfr'kr ,iQMhvkbZdh vuqefr ns nh x;hA

Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k dh rktk fLFkfr

vadVkM dh oYMZ bUosLVesaV fjiksVZ] 2014ds vuqlkj chrs o"kZ] lky 2013 esa Hkkjr esavkus okyk ,iQMhvkbZ 28-20 vjc MkWyj dkjgk gSA blls igys] lky 2012 esa ;g 24-20vjc MkWyj] lky 2011 esa 36-19 vjc MkWyjvkSj lky 2010 esa 27-43 vjc MkWyj FkkA

tc ,d ns'k dh dksbZ daiuh ;kbdkbZ nwljs ns'k dh fdlh daiuh ;kbdkbZ esa iw¡th fuos'k djrh gS rks mls,iQMhvkbZ dgrs gSaA ;g vçR;{k fuos'kls vyx gS] ;kuh blesa iksVZiQksfyvksfuos'k dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrkAfelky ds rkSj ij vxj ,d ns'k dkdksbZ laLFkkxr fuos'kd 'ks;j cktkj dsekè;e ls nwljs ns'k dh daiuh ds 'ks;jksaesa fuos'k djs] rks bls ,iQMhvkbZ ughadgk tkrkA

gkfly djrk gS vkSj bl rjg dkjksckjpykus es a Hk wfedk fuHkkrk gSA ysfduiksVZiQksfyvks fuos'kd dk ml dkjksckj dsçcaèku ij fu;a=k.k ugha gksrkA ,iQMhvkbZds tfj;s dsoy fons'kh iw¡th gh ugha vkrh]cfYd dbZ vU; phtsa lkFk&lkFk vk ldrhgSaA ,d fons'kh fuos'kd viuh iw¡th dslkFk&lkFk rduhd vkSj Kku Hkh ykrk gSAmRiknksa dh fMtkbu vkSj xq.koÙkk fu;a=k.ktSls igyqvksa esa fons'kh fuos'kd ;ksxnkudj ldrk gS vkSj ml u;s m|e dks viuhoSf'od mRiknu Ja[kyk ls tksM+us vkSj fons'khcktkjksa rd ys tkus tSls iQk;ns igq¡pkldrk gSA ,iQMhvkbZ vkdf"kZr djus okysns'k ds miHkksDrkvksa dks Hkh mér mRiknksads T;knk fodYi feyrs gSaA Hkkjr esa okgu(vkWWVks) {ks=k dh Økafr ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'kds iQk;nksa dk ,d csgrjhu mnkgj.k gSA


;kuh chrs o"kks± dZs nkSjku blesa mrkj&p<+kovkrk jgk gSA nwljh vksj Hkkjr ls vU; ns'kksadks tkus okyk ,iQMhvkbZ fiNys dqN o"kks± esarst Fkk] exj chrs lky blesa dkiQh dehvk;h gSA Hkkjr ls vU; ns'kksa dks ,iQMhvkbZlky 2010 esa 15-93 vjc MkWyj] 2011 esa12-46 vjc MkWyj vkSj 2012 esa 8-49 vjcMkWyj Fkk] ysfdu chrs lky ;g ?kV dj dsoy1-68 vjc MkWyj jg x;kA

Hkkjr cuke phu

nh x;h rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd ,iQMhvkbZvkdf"kZr djus esa phu Hkkjr ls dkiQh vkxsgSA chrs lky tgk¡ Hkkjr us 28-20 vjcMkWyj dk ,iQMhvkbZ gkfly fd;k] oghaphu esa 123-91 vjc MkWyj dk ,iQMhvkbZvk;kA ;fn ,iQMhvkbZ LVkWd ;kuh bfDoVhesa ,iQMhvkbZ dks thMhih ds çfr'kr dsrkSj ij ns[kk tk;s] rks uCcs ds n'kd esa ghphu us Hkkjr ls dkiQh T;knk c<+r cuk yhFkhA vadVkM ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj o"kZ1990 esa tgk¡ Hkkjr esa ,iQMhvkbZ LVkWdthMhih dk dsoy 0-5 izfr'kr Fkk] oghaphu esa ml o"kZ ;g 5-1 izfr'kr FkkA phudk ,iQMhvkbZ LVkWd 1999 esa thMhih ds16-9 izfr'kr ds pje Lrj rd igq¡p x;kAbu vkadM+ksa ls Li"V gS fd uCcs ds n'kdesa phu dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa gq, rst fodklesa ,iQMhvkbZ us dkiQh cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk;hAlky 2013 esa phu dk ,iQMhvkbZ LVkWd

thMhih dk 10-4 izfr'kr jgkA nwljh vksjHkkjr dk ,iQMhvkbZ LVkWd 1990 ls vcrd Øe'k% c<+rs gq, 2013 esa 12-1 izfr'krjgkA bl vkèkkj ij ;g fn[krk gS fd Hkkjr,iQMhvkbZ ds ekeys esa ml eqdke ij[kM+k gS] tgk¡ phu uCcs ds n'kd ds eè;esa FkkA

njvly tgk¡ Hkkjr us 1991 esa ,iQMhvkbZuhfr;ksa dks mnkj cukuk 'kq: fd;k] oghaphu us ;g dke 1979 esa gh 'kq: dj fn;kFkkA o"kZ 1980 esa phu esa ,iQMhvkbZ dsoy59-6 djksM+ MkWyj dk FkkA

vadVkM ds okf"kZd oYMZ bUosLVesaV çkWLisDVlloZs esa lcls ilanhnk fuos'k LFkku ds fy, fn;sx;s Øe ds vuqlkj chrs ,d n'kd esa phuus ,d ckj Hkh vOoy LFkku ugha NksM+k gSAHkkjr 2005 ls 2008 rd yxkrkj nwljs LFkkuij jgk] ysfdu 2009 esa vesfjdk ls fiNM+dj rhljs LFkku ij pyk x;kA lky 2010 esaHkkjr okil nwljs LFkku ij ykSVk] ysfdu2011 esa ;g fiQj vesfjdk ls fiNM+ x;kAlky 2012 esa rks ;g ,dne fiNM+ dj lkrosaik;nku ij pyk x;kA fiNys lky ;g ,dckj fiQj rhljs LFkku ij ykSVk] ysfdu 2014ds loZs esa ;g phu] vesfjdk vkSj baMksusf'k;kds ckn pkSFks ik;nku ij gSA

uohure ljdkjh ç;kl

gky gh esa dsaæ ljdkj us jsyos ds pqfuank{ks=kksa esa 'kr izfr'kr ,iQMhvkbZ dh vuqefr

nsus dk iQSlyk fd;k gSA mPp xfr Vªsuksa lesrdbZ {ks=kksa esa Lo;eso 'kr izfr'kr ,iQMhvkbZdh vuqefr gksxh] tcfd laosnu'khy {ks=kksa esa49 izfr'kr ls vfèkd ,iQMhvkbZ ds çLrkoksadks lqj{kk ekeyksa dh dSfcusV lfefr (lhlh,l)ds lkeus j[kk tk;sxkA miuxjh; xfy;kjk(dkWfjMksj) ifj;kstukvksa] lefiZr eky <qykbZ(ÚsV) ykbuksa] jksfyax LVkWd] VªSd fo|qrhdj.k]flXufyax] ÚsV ,oa ;k=kh VfeZuyksa vkSj jsyoslkbfMax tSls cqfu;knh <k¡pk esa Hkh ,iQMhvkbZdh vuqefr nh x;h gSA jsyos esa ,iQMhvkbZ dsçLrko dks igys bl lky iQjojh esa ;wih,ljdkj ds jsy ea=kh efYydktZqu [kM+xs usvius jsy ctV esa j[kk FkkA ckn esa u;hljdkj ds jsy ea=kh lnkuan xkSM+k us Hkh viusjsy ctV esa bl çLrko dks 'kkfey fd;kA

dsaæ ljdkj us fuekZ.k (daLVªD'ku) {ks=kds fy, ,iQMhvkbZ fu;eksa esa Hkh <hy nh gSA,iQMhvkbZ dh vuqefr ds fy, vko';dfcYV&vi {ks=k dh U;wure lhek 50]000 oxZehVj ls ?kaVk dj 20]000 oxZ ehVj dj nhx;h gSA lkFk gh U;wure iw¡th fuos'k lhek Hkh,d djksM+ MkWyj ls ?kVk dj 50 yk[k MkWyjdj nh x;h gSA ftu ifj;kstukvksa esa dqyykxr dk de&ls&de 30 izfr'kr fgLlkde ykxr okys lLrs (,iQksMZscy) edkuksa dsfy, j[kk tk;sxk] mUgsa fcYV&vi {ks=k vkSjiw¡th fuos'k dh U;wure lhek dh 'krs± ykZxwugha gksaxhA bu fj;k;rksa ds tfj;s dsaæ ljdkjus fuekZ.k {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k dh xfr

(lzksr% vadVkM] oYMZ bUosLVesaV fjiksVZ] 2014)

rkfydk 1% o"kZokj izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k voyksdu (10 yk[k MkWyj o izfr'kr esa)

,iQMhvkbZ izokg

HkkjrvarokZgckg~;

le>kSrk

varokZgckg~;

phu

,iQMhvkbZ LVkWd

varokZgckg~;

le>kSrk

varokZgckg~;

phu

Hkkjr

fu;r ldy iwath fu;kstu dk izfr'kr

thMhih dk izfr'kr


dks c<+kus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA lky 2003 ls2013 ds chp fuekZ.k fodkl {ks=k us yxHkx22 vjc MkWyj dk ,iQMhvkbZ vkdf"kZr fd;kgS] tks bl nkSjku ns'k esa vk;s dqy ,iQMhvkbZ

vkjs[k1% ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k % 'kh"kZ 20 çkIrdrkZ ns'k] 2012 vkSj 2013(vjc vesfjdh MkWyj esa)

dk yxHkx 11 izfr'kr gSA gkykafd gky dso"kks± es± bldh xfr èkheh iM+h Fkh] ftldseísutj dqN çksRlkguksa dh t:jr eglwldh x;hA

bl le; chek {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ dhlhek c<+kus dh Hkh ckrsa py jgh gSaA njvlydsaæ ljdkj us 16 tqykbZ 2013 dks gh eaf=keaMydh cSBd esa chek {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ lhek 26izfr'kr ls c<+k dj 49 izfr'kr djus dkiQSlyk fd;k FkkA ysfdu blds fy, ljdkjdks laln dh eatwjh ysuh t:jh Fkh] tksjktuhfrd lgefr ugha cuus ds pyrs vcrd ckdh gSA njvly bl lacaèk esa foèks;dlky 2008 ls gh jkT; lHkk esa yafcr gSAekStwnk dsaæ ljdkj ;g mEehn dj jgh gS fdog bl foèks;d dks laln ls ikfjr djkldsxhA

[kqnjk (fjVsy) {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ dks ysdjlcls T;knk jktuhfrd vlgefr jgh gSA ;wih,ljdkj us eYVhczkaM fjVsy esa ,iQMhvkbZ dhvuqefr nsus dk iQSlyk fd;k Fkk] ysfdu blesajkT; ljdkjksa dks vuqefr nsus ;k ugha nsus dkfodYi fn;k x;kA vHkh cgqr&lh jkT; ljdkjksaus vius ;gk¡ eYVhczkaM fjVsy esa ,iQMhvkbZ dhvuqefr ugha nh gS] ftlds dkj.k fdlh fjVsydaiuh ds fy, ,iQMhvkbZ fuos'k ds lkFk jk"Vªh;Lrj ij vius dkedkt dks foLrkj nsuk laHkougha gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fjVsy ,iQMhvkbZ dhxfrfofèk;k¡ csgn BaMh jgh gSaA dsaæ esa lÙkkèkkjhny dh ?kksf"kr uhfr ;gh jgh gS fd ogeYVhczkaM fjVsy esa ,iQMhvkbZ ds i{k esa ugha gSANksVs nqdkunkjksa dh ;g vkifÙk jgh gS fdeYVhczkaM fjVsy ls muds fy, jksth&jksVh dkladV iSnk gks tk;sxkA muds fojksèk dks ns[krs gq,;g tku iM+rk gS fd bl {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ BaMscLrs esa gh iM+k jgsxkA �

(lzksr% vadVkM] oYMZ bUosLVesaV fjiksVZ] 2014)

;w-,l- (1)

phu (2)

Lukr (7)

gkaxdkax (phu) (3)

czkthy (4)

flaxkiqj (5)

dukMk (9)

vkLVªsfy;k (6)

Lisu (12)

esfDldks (16)

;wds (8)

vk;jySaM (10)

yDteoxZ (32)

Hkkjr (14)

teZuh (23)

uhnjySaM (30)

fpyh (11)

baMksusf'k;k (15)

dksyafc;k (19)

bVyh (161)

fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk,a

fodkl'khyvFkZO;oLFkk,a

;kstukvkxkeh vad

tuojh 2014 (fo'ks"kkad)

LoPNrk] fodkl vkSj lkekftd ifjorZuiQjojh 2014

la?kh; <kapk vkSj Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk


fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds rgr le>kSrs dsfy, nks fMCcs cuk, x, gSa & vEcj ckDlvkSj xzhu ckDlA ;s ckDl ljdkj }kjk [kpZdh tkus okyh ml jkf'k dks j[kus ds fy, gSa]tks [kk| lqj{kk lfClMh ds :i esa [kpZ dhtkrh gSA vEcj ckDl esa ml lfClMh dks j[kktkrk gS] ftlds ckjs esa ;g fu;e gS fd dksbZHkh ljdkj vius —f”k mRiknu ds ewY; ds 10çfr'kr fgLls ls T;knk jkf'k lfClMh ij [kpZugha djsxk ;kuh fdlkuksa vkSj fgrxzkfg;ksa dksenn ugha djsxkA ;fn mlus ;g lhek ikj dhrks ml ij O;kikfjd çfrcaèkkRed dk;Zokghdh tk;sxh- Hkkjr dh lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyhAjk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk d+kuwu vkSj U;wure leFkZuewY; ij fdlkuksa ls vukt dh [kjhnh dksvesfjdk vkSj ;wjksih; ns'k vEcj ckDl esaj[kokuk pkgrs gS] tcfd Hkkjr pkgrk gS fdbls xzhu ckDl esa j[kk tk,A MCY;wVhvks dsrgr [kk| lqj{kk gsrq yksd Hk.Mkj.k ds fy,[kpZ fd;s tkus okyh lfClMh dks [kkl fdLeds [kkrs (xzhu ckDl) esa j[kk tkrk gSA blfMCcs ds rgr ifjHkkf"kr fj;k;r ij dksbZ Hkhljdkj vlhfer [kpkZ dj ldrh gS vkSj ml[kpZs dks [kqys O;kikj ds fy, uqdlkunk;dugha ekuk tkrk gSA blfy, Hkkjr pkgrk gSfd bls xzhu ckDl esa j[kk tk,A

cgjgky] vesfjdk ds lkFk gq, bldjkj dk eryc ;g gS fd MCY;wVhvks esa'kkfey ns'k nwljs lnL;ksa ds iQwM flD;ksfjVhçksxzkEl ij rc rd loky ugha mBk,axs] tcrd [kk| HkaMkj.k ds eqís dk dksbZ LFkk;h

jfo 'kadj

izlaxo'k

MCY;wVhvks esa Hkkjr dks feyh cM+h liQyrk

| lqj{kk ds eqís ij Hkkjr dkscM + h liQyrk feyh g SAnjvly] [kk|kUu ds lkoZtfud

HkaMkj.k ds eqís ij Hkkjr o vesfjdk ds chplgefr cu xbZ gSA blls MCY;wVhvks esa O;kikjlqxerk djkj (Vh,iQ,) ds dk;kZUo;u dkjkLrk [kqy x;k gSA nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ^'kkafrmicaèk* dks dk;e j[kus ij lgefr cuh gSAlkFk gh vesfjdk ds lkFk Mhy ls VªsM iQSflfyVs'kudjkj ykxw djuk laHko gksxkA fuf'pr gh Hkkjrds [kk| lqj{kk dk;ZØe dks fcuk fdlh vM+puds tkjh j[kus dh nf"V ls ;g egRoiw.kZ gSAHkkjr o vesfjdk esa ;g lgefr cu xbZ gS fd[kk| lqj{kk HkaMkj.k ds eqís dk LFkkbZ lekèkkugksus rd *'kkafr micaèk* vfuf'prdky rdtkjh jgsxkA 'kkafr miycaèk ds rgr Hkkjr ds[kk| lqj{kk dk;ZØe dks mfpr lekèkku fudyusrd MCY;wVhvks esa pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldsxhAblls igys ckyh le>kSrs esa lnL; ns'kksa dksnwljs MCY;wVhvks le>kSrksa ds rgr pqukSrh fn,tkus ls cpus ds fy, lqj{kk 2017 rd nh xbZFkhA blds rgr [kk|kUu HkaMkj.k ds fy, nhtkus okyh lfClMh dks ysdj fodkl'khy ns'kksads f[kykiQ MCY;wVhvks esa pqukSrh ugha nsus dkçkoèkku gSA gkykafd liQy f}i{kh; okrkZ dkJs; çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dks tkrk gSA blekeys esa izxfr flarcj esa gqbZ] tc eksnhvesfjdk x, FksA mUgksus [kk| lqj{kk ij Hkkjrdh fparkvksa dh tkudkjh vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifrcjkd vksckek dks nh Fkh vkSj ;g lkiQ fd;kFkk fd Hkkjr Vh,iQ, ds f[kykiQ ugha gSA

[kk

ys[kd] 'kksèkdrkZ] lkekftd& dk;ZdrkZ vkSj i=kdkj gSaA lsUVj iQkWj ,Uok;jesaV ,.M iQwM flD;ksfjVh esa fjlpZ ,lksf'k,V vkSj ,ih,u U;wt pSuy ls tqM+s gSaA chrs Ng o"kkZsa ls[ksrh& fdlkuh] [kk| lqj{kk] xjhch] Hkw[kejh vkSj eujsxk tSls fo"k;ksa ij ns'k ds çeq[k jk"Vªh; lekpkj& i=kksa] if=kdkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z djrs vk jgs gSaA vcrd ,d gtkjls T;knk ys[k çdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA 2012 esa Lokeh lgtkuan ljLorh fdlku lwpuk dsaæ ubZ fnYyh dh iqjLdkj p;u lfefr us ys[ku dk;ks± ds fy, jpukRed i=kdkfjrklEeku ls lEekfurA bZesy% [email protected]

vesfjdk ds lkFk gq, bl djkj

dk eryc ;g gS fd MCY;wVhvks

esa 'kkfey ns'k nwljs lnL;ksa ds

[kk| lqj{kk dk;ZØeksa ij rc

rd loky ugha mBk,axs] tc

rd [kk| HkaMkj.k ds eqís dk

dksbZ LFkk;h lekèkku <wa< ugha

fy;k tkrk vkSj mls viuk ugha

fy;k tkrk tcfd blls iwoZ ds

çkoèkkuksa] ftls ihl Dykmt

dgk x;k Fkk] ds vuqlkj

Vh,iQ, ij gLrk{kj djus okys

MCY;wVhvks ds lHkh lnL; ns'kksa

dks Ñf"k lfClMh dks vius dqy

Ñf"k mRiknu ds nl iQhlnh ds

Lrj ij ykuk gksxk


lekèkku <wa< ugha fy;k tkrk vkSj mls viukugha fy;k tkrkA tcfd blls iwoZ ds çkoèkkuksa]ftls ihl Dykmt dgk x;k Fkk] ds vuqlkjVh,iQ, ij gLrk{kj djus okys MCY;wVhvks dslHkh lnL; ns'kksa dks Ñf"k lfClMh dks viusdqy Ñf"k mRiknu ds nl iQhlnh ds Lrj ijykuk gksxkA blds fy, pkj o"kZ dh le;lhek fuf'pr dh xbZ FkhA dgk x;k Fkk fd —f"k lfClMh dh x.kuk 1986&88 dh dherksaij dh tk,xhA [kSj] vc Hkkjr dks Vh,iQ,dk leFkZu djuk gksxkA Vh,iQ, ds rgrdLVEl cSfj;j de djus dk Xykscy IykugS] ftlls Xykscy bdukWeh dk vkdkj ,dyk[k djksM+ MkWyj c<+ ldrk gSA Hkkjr ds bldne ls cgqi{kh; O;kikj okrkZvksa esa tku vktk,xh] tks [kk| lqj{kk ij Hkkjr ds dM+s #[kds dkj.k Bi gks xbZ FkhaA

yxh gSA vesfjdk us Hkkjr dh bl 'krZ dkseku fy;k gS fd oks ,DliksVZ&baiksVZ dks c<+koknsus okys le>kSrs ij rc rd nLr[kr ughadjsxk] tc rd fd [kk| lqj{kk dkuwu dhvM+pusa nwj ugha dj yh tkrhaA 10&11 fnlacjdks MCY;wVhvks tujy dkmafly dh vgecSBd gksus okyh gSA MCY;wVhvks tujy dkmaflydh cSBd esa [kk| lqj{kk ls tqM+k u;k elkSnkis'k fd;k tk,xkA rkfd O;kikj lqxerk djkjij nLr[kr gks ldsaA Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk usfeydj [kk| lqj{kk ls tqM+k u;k elkSnk rS;kjfd;k gSA crk nsa fd Hkkjr vukt dh dherksadk vkèkkj ekStwnk nke ds eqrkfcd djus dsi{k esa gSA ysfdu fiQygky 1986&87 dhdherksa dks vkèkkj cuk;k tk jgk gSA

cgjgky Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ds chp gq,bl le>kSrs ls iVjh ls mrjh MCY;wVh dh xkM+hvc fiQj ls rsth ls vkxs c<+ ldsxhA bldsfy, Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ds chp tks lgefrgqbZ gS mlds rgr [kk|kUuksa dh ljdkjh [kjhnvkSj jk'ku ç.kkyh (ihMh,l) ds rgr nhtkus okyh lfClMh ds eqís dks gy djus dkelkSnk MCY;wVhvks dh tujy dkmafly dslkeus j[kk tk,xkA ysfdu ;g le>kSrk D;kgS bldks ysdj Hkkjrh; okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=hfueZyk lhrkjeu us vius oDrO; esa cgqrlkiQ ugha fd;k gS fd vesfjdk ds lkFk D;klgefr gqbZ gSA ysfdu vesfjdh VªsM çfrfufèk(;w,lVhvkj) dh rjiQ ls tkjh c;ku esa blsT;knk lkiQ fd;k x;k gSA ftlesa dgk x;k gSfd [kk| lfClMh ds eqís dk LFkk;h gy gksusrd Hkkjr dks bl rjg dh lfClMh ls ughajksdk tk,xk vkSj u gh dksbZ blds f[kykiQfookn fuLrkj.k iSuy esa tk,xkA ysfdu csgrjgksrk fd ljdkj bl elkSns dks MCY;wVhvks dhtujy dkmafly esa j[kus ls igys ns'k dslkeus j[krhA loky ;gh [kM+k gksrk gS fdtc ,d eYVhysVjy ,xzhesaV ds fy, gevesfjdk tSls ns'k dk lgkjk ys jgs gSa rks mlsns'k ds lkeus j[kus ls ijgst D;ksa cjrk tkjgk gSA

Hkkjr ds fy, rks ;gh csgrj gksrk fdbl lacaèk esa dksbZ Hkh oknk djus ls igysleL;k dk LFkk;h lekèkku [kkst fy;k tkrkAD;ksafd ;g ekeyk lhèks&lhèks Hkkjr }kjk viusfdlkuksa dks eqgS;k djk, tkus okys U;wureleFkZu ewY; ds loky ls tqM+k gqvk gSA

MCY;wVhvks dk dguk gS fd Hkkjr dks mitds dqy ewY; dk nl iQhln U;wure leFkZuewY; ds :i esa çnku djuk pkfg,] ysfduHkkjr blds i{k esa ugha gSA felky ds rkSj ijog pkoy ij mit ds dqy ewY; dk 24çfr'kr U;wure leFkZu ewY; çnku djrk gSAxsgwa ds ekeys esa t:j og èkhjs&èkhjs nliQhln dh lhek dh vksj c<+ jgk gSA Hkkjr}kjk vius fdlkuksa dk leFkZu djus dh bluhfr ls vesfjdk ds Ñf"k fu;kZrdksa ds O;kikfjdfgrksa dks {kfr igqap jgh gSA ,sls yxHkx 33fu;kZr ifjla?kk vesfjdk ij ncko cuk jgs gSafd og Hkkjr dks nl çfr'kr ls vfèkdU;wure leFkZu ewY; çnku djus dh vuqefru çnku djsA mudk edln ;g gS fd vxjvkfFkZd gkfu ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dk

xkSjryc gS fd bl ekeys ij nksuksa ns'kksads chp vcrd yEch [kÈp&rku cuk gqvkFkkA Hkkjr ds l[r joS;s ds dkj.k rhu ekgls xfrjksèk cuk gqvk FkkA vesfjdk vkSj oYMZVªsM vkWWxZsukbts'ku (MCY;wVhvks) ds çeq[k lesrreke fodflr ns'k yxkrkj ;g vkjksi yxkrsjgs gSa fd —f"k vkSj [kk| lfClMh ds eqís ijHkkjr dk vfM+;y #[k MCywVhvks le>kSrs dksiVjh ls mrkj jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ftn ds pyrsgh MCY;wVhvks ds çksVksdksy ds rgr VªsMiQSflfyVs'ku ,xzhesaV (Vh,iQ,) bl lky 14tqykbZ dh r; frfFk dks ykxw ugha gks ldk gSAtcfd vejhdk lfgr dbZ ns'k VªsM iQSflfyVs'ku,xzhesaV ij viuh vkifŸk okil ysus ds fy,Hkkjr ij ncko cuk, gq, gSaA cgjgky] oYMZVªsM vkWWxZsukbts'ku (MCY;wVhvks) esa vyx&FkyxiM+ pqds Hkkjr dks ,d cM+h dke;kch gkFk

eu [ksrh ls mpV x;k rks Hkkjr muds fy,[kk| inkFkks± dkZ ,d cgqr cM+k vk;krd ns'klkfcr gks ldrk gSA

gkykafd Hkkjr us lkiQ fd;k Fkk fd og[kk| lfClMh ekeys dk LFkk;h lekèkku gksusrd Vh,iQ, dk leFkZu ugha dj ldrk]ftlds rgr oSfÜod lhek&'kqYd ekunaMksa dksvklku cuk;k tkuk gSA Hkkjr us MCY;wVhvks lsdgk fd og —f"k lfClMh ds vkdyu dsfy, ekunaMksa esa la'kksèku djs rkfd ns'k fcukMCY;wVhvks ds ekunaMksa ds mYya?ku ds fdlkuksals U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij vukt dh [kjhndj mls lLrh nj ij xjhcksa dks csp ldsAekStwnk fu;eksa esa [kk| lfClMh dh lhek r;gSA MCY;wVhvks ds ekStwnk ekunaMksa ds rgr[kk| lfClMh dk nk;jk dqy [kk|kUu mRiknuds ewY; ds 10 çfr'kr rd gksuk pkfg,]gkykafd lfClMh dh ek=k dk vkdyu nksn'kd igys dh dher ds vkèkkj ij fd;k

,sls yxHkx 33 fu;kZr ifjla?kvesfjdk ij ncko cuk jgs gSa fd ogHkkjr dks nl çfr'kr ls vfèkd U;wureleFkZu ewY; çnku djus dh vuqefr uçnku djsA mudk edln ;g gS fdvxj vkfFkZd gkfu ds dkj.k Hkkjrds fdlkuksa dk eu [ksrh ls mpV x;krks Hkkjr muds fy, [kk| inkFkks± dkZ,d cgqr cM+k vk;krd ns'k lkfcrgks ldrk gSA

vejhdk lfgr dbZ ns'k VªsMiQSflfyVs'ku ,xzhesaV ij viuh vkifÙkokil ysus ds fy, Hkkjr ij nckocuk, gq, gSaA cgjgky] oYMZ VªsMvkWWxZsukbts'ku (MCY;wVhvks) esa Hkkjrdks ,d cM+h dke;kch gkFk yxh gSAvesfjdk us Hkkjr dh bl 'krZ dks ekufy;k gS fd oks ,DliksVZ&baiksVZ dksc<+kok nsus okys le>kSrs ij rc rdnLr[kr ugha djsxk] tc rd fd [kk|lqj{kk dkuwu dh vM+pusa nwj ugha djyh tkrhaA


tkrk gSA vk'kadk gS fd tc Hkkjr vius [kk|lqj{kk dk;ZØe dks ykxw djsxk rks ;g lhekdk mYya?ku dj ldrk gSA Hkkjr us fiNyso"kZ [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k gS]ftlesa nks&frgkbZ ls vfèkd vkcknh dks lfClMhnj ij vukt nsus dh xkjaVh nh xbZ gSA bldkuwu dk ikyu djus ls Hkkjr dks MCY;wVhvksdh lhek rksM+uh iM+ ldrh gS] ftlls ns'k ijtqekZuk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA [kSj] vc ihlDykWt ds rgr [kk| lfClMh dh lhek ikjdj tkus ij Hkh tqekZus ls NqVdkjk feysxkAnwljs 'kCnksa esa fiQygky Hkkjr ij nl iQhlndh ekStwnk lhek ykxw ugha gksxhA

gkykafd fodkl'khy vkSj xjhc ns'kksa esa nhtkus okyh —f"k lfClMh dk fojksèk lclsvfèkd vesfjdk] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj dukMkdjrs jgs gSa] tks [kqn vjcksa MkWyj dh ?kkjsywvkSj fu;kZr lfClMh nsrsa gSa vkSj ;s fodflrns'k lfClMh esa fdruk [kpZ djrs gSa] mls blckr ls le>k tk ldrk gSA vesfjdk vkt Hkh6-5 djksM yksxksa çfr O;fä 385 fdyksxzke[kk| lfClMh çnku djrk gSA ;g lfClMh[kk| dwiu vkSj cky dk;ZØe vkfn ds ekè;els feyrh gSA

blds nwljh rjiQ Hkkjr tgk¡ nks frgkbZ lsT;knk yksx 30 :i, çfrfnu ls de [kpZdjrs gSa] ogka Hkkjr ljdkj ;fn ihMh,l dsrgr Hkw[k ds lkFk thus okys 47-5 djksM yksxksadks 1620 :i, lkykuk [kpZ djds 58 fdyksxzkelLrk vukt nsrh gS rks vesfjdk vkSj mudsfe= ns'kksa dks fnôr gksrh gSA lp rks ;g gS fdHkkjr nks Lrjksa ij ekr [kkrk gSA O;ikj dksuqDlku iagqpkus okyh lfClMh ds ckjs esa tcekinaM r; gq, rc ;gk¡ dgk x;k Fkk fdljdkjsa 1994 esa fn, tkus okys vkfFkZd lg;ksx(,xzhxsV est+j vkWWiQ liksVZ) dks vkèkkj ekusxh]tc vesfjdk [kwc lfClMh ns jgk Fkk vkSjHkkjr yxHkx fcydqy ugha ns jgk Fkk (dk;nsls rks Hkkjr esa ;g [kpkZ ckn esa c<+uk 'kq:gqvk) ij MCY;wVhvks esa ge iQ¡l x,A bldsvykok leL;k ;g Hkh gS fd lfClMh ij gksusokys O;; dk ewY;kadu 1986&88 dh dherksads vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd mRiknudh okLrfod ykxr ml vkèkkj ewY; ls dghaT;knk c<+h gSaA blhfy, ,d lewg ds :i esafodkl'khy ns'k O;kikj okrkZvksa esa 'kq: lsfodflr ns'kksa dh Åaph Ñf"k lfClMh dk eqík

mBkrs jgs gSaA ysfdu fodflr ns'k viuh Ñf"klfClMh dks cgqr Åaps Lrj ij cuk, j[krsgq, Hkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy, lfClMh ijÑf"k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds 10 iQhln dhvfèkdre lhek Fkksius esa vcrd dke;kcjgs gSaA ;g lp gS fd rkdroj ns'kksa dk 'kq:ls ;g ncko jgk gS fd Hkkjr lesr nqfu;k dkdksbZ Hkh ns'k viuh dqy [ksfrgj mit ds nliQhlnh ls T;knk jde vius fdlkuksa dkslfClMh ds :i esa u ns] mudk ekuk gS fd,slk djus ij cktkj esa vuko';d foÑfriSnk gksrh gSA

vly esa eqDr O;kikj esa vlaxfr iSnkdjus okyh lfClMh dks jksdus ds fy,MCY;wVhvks pkgrk gS fd ,xzhesaV vkWWu,xzhdYpj ds rgr Ñf"k vkSj [kk| lfClMh[kk|kUu iQlyksa ds ewY; ds 10 iQhlnh lsT;knk ugha gksuk pkfg,A ysfdu Hkkjr dsekeys esa pkoy vkSj xsgwa dks ysdj ;glhek cgqr tYnh [kRe gksus okyh gSA vxjljdkj vkus okys fnuksa esa bl lfClMh esadVkSrh djrh gS rks ;g jktuSfrd :i ls?kkrd gks ldrk gSA

ogha bl lfClMh dh x.kuk ds fy,reke rjg ds vkadM+s Hkh nsus dh 'krZ gSA tkseqf'dysa [kM+h dj ldrs gSaA gkykafd igysHkkjr bl eqís ij 2017 rd ekeyk u mBkusdh NwV nsus okyh ihl Dykt ij lger gksx;k Fkk ysfdu ckn esa bldh isphnxh usljdkj dks ladV esa Mkyk vkSj mlds cknl[r LVSaM fy;k x;k fd bl eqís ds LFkkbZgy rd Hkkjr Vh,iQ, ds fy, rS;kj ughagksxkA ;gha ij isap iQalk gS D;ksafd MCY;wVhvksesa dksbZ Hkh le>kSrk ykxw djus ds fy, gjlnL; dk lger gksuk t:jh gSA gkykafddbZ ekeys esa geus ftl rjg dh uhfr;kaviukuh 'kq: dh gSa mlls yxrk gS fdljdkjh [kjhn vkSj [kk| lfClMh ds eqís ijge chp dk jkLrk viukus tk jgs gSaA ;ghotg gS fd ljdkjh [kjhn ij cksul vkSjçfr gSDVs;j ljdkjh [kjhn dks lhfer djusds dne mBk, tk jgs gSaA

blfy, ;g ns[kuk cgqr vge gksxk fdfdl rjg dk çLrko Hkkjr MCY;wVhvks esaysdj tk jgk gSA csgrj gksrk fd ljdkj blckr dks lkiQ djrh vkSj ns'k esa bl ij [kqyhppkZ gksrhA

Hkkjr dh MCY;wVhvks esa ekax

· Hkkjr vius 60 djksM+ fdlkuksa dks mudhiQly dk mfpr ewY; çnku djus vkSjyxHkx 84 djksM+ xjhcksa dks [kk| lqj{kkçnku djus dh xaHkhj leL;k dk LFkk;hlekèkku pkgrk gSA

· Hkkjr dh ekax Fkh fd Åaps nke ij viusfdlkuksa ls [kk|kUu [kjhnus dh NwV fujUrjjgs] u fd dsoy pkj o"kks± rZdA

· Hkkjr us MCY;wVhvks ls —f"k lfClMh dhx.kuk ds ekud esa cnyko pkgrk FkkA

· Hkkjr dks ihl Dykmt ds çkoèkkuksa ijvkifÙk Fkh blfy, blesa cnyko dhekax djrk jgk gSA D;ksafd ;fn Hkkjrbu 'krks± dkZs eku ysrk rks yk[kksa fdlkuvkSj xjhcksa ij bldk lhèkk çHkko iM+rkAogÈ xjhcksa dh [kk| lqj{kk ds fy, HkhdbZ ;kstuk,a pykrh gSA fygktk mUgsacan djuk iM+rk ;k fiQj mlesa dVkSrhdjuh iM+rhA

· Hkkjr MCY;wVhvks esa bl djkj dhvLi"V 'kCnkoyh ls fpafrr Fkk] ftlesa;g lkiQ ugha fd;k x;k fd tks ns'kHkaMkj.k vkSj lfClMh ls tqM+h lhekvksadk ikyu ugha djsaxs] muds f[kykiQMCY;wVhvks ds nwljs lnL; ns'k dkuwuhdne mBk ldrs gSa ;k ughaA ekuk tkjgk gS fd bu fparkvksa dks vc nwj djfn;k x;k gSA

· Hkkjr dh ekax gS fd O;kikj laxBudks LFkk;h rkSj ij vius cgqLrjh;uhfr;ks a esa cnyko ykuk gksxk] rkfdfodkl'khy ns'kks a esa [kk| lqj{kk dkeqík gy gks ldsA

· Hkkjr ds çLrko dk gkykafd vejhdkvkSj ;wjksih; la?k vcrd fojksèk djrs vkjgs FksAMCY;wVhvks dks vfLrRo esa vk;s vc

chl o"kZ gksus tk jgs gSa] ij vc rd lHkh160 lnL; ns'kksa ds chp oSf'od O;ikj dsfy, ,d Hkh loZlEer le>kSrk ugha gksik;k gSA dkj.k% vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksih; ;wfu;u,sls vuqcaèk djokuk pkgrs gSa] ftuls iwjhnqfu;k esa muds mRikn vkSj mRikndksa dkfu;a=k.k gks tk,A muds fy, MCY;wVhvksnwljs ns'kksa dks viuk vkfFkZd mifuos'kcukus dk tfj;k gSA �


vuqlkj ns'k esa dqy vkWWuykbu [kjhnkjh esa ls90 çfr'kr [kjhnkjh 35 o"kZ ls de mez dsyksx djrs gSaA 36 ls 45 o"kZ ds vk;qoxZ dkfgLlk blesa 8 çfr'kr gSA bl fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkhdgk x;k gS fd vkfFkZd lqLrh vkSj c<+rhegaxkbZ Hkh vkWWuykbu [kjhnnkjh ds c<+rs pyudks jksdus esa vliQy jgh gSA mDr fjiksVZ esamYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd o"kZ 2009 esa bZ&dkWelZdk cktkj 2-5 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dk Fkk]tks o"kZ 2011 esa c<+dj 6-3 vjc MkWyj vkSjo"kZ 2013 esa ;g 13 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj gksx;kA m|ksx eaMy dk vkdyu gS fd 2023rd ns'k esa bZ&dkWelZ dk vkdkj 56 vjcvesfjdh MkWyj dk gks tk,xkA ,lkspSe dsloZs{k.k ds vuqlkj Øe'k% eqacbZ] fnYyh]dksydkrk vkSj csaxyq# bZ&dkWelZ ds bLrsekyds ekeys esa 'kh"kZ ij gSaA loZs{k.k ds fu"d"kZls ;g #>ku Hkh fudy dj vk;k gS fdvkWWuykbu [kjhnkjh dk pyu fliQZ cM+s 'kgjksard gh lhfer ugha jg x;k gSA fcgkj] iatkc]>kj[kaM] mÙkj çns'k tSls jkT;ksa ds NksVs 'kgjksavkSj dLcksa esa jgus okys miHkksDrk Hkh vcbZ&dkWelZ ds lkFk tqM+ jgs gSaA

,lkspSe ds vkdyu esa dgk x;k gS fdfd ns'k esa tgka vlaxfBr [kqnjk {ks=k 550 ls600 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dk gS] ogha laxfBr[kqnjk {ks=k dk cktkj 25 ls 30 vjc MkWyjdk gSA bl rjg [kqnjk {ks=k esa bZ&dkWelZ dhfgLlsnkjh vHkh dsoy 0-2 çfr'kr gSA vesfjdkesa ;g fgLlk 6 çfr'kr vkSj phu esa rks 14çfr'kr rd gSA bu vkadM+ksa ls Li"V gS fdmiHkksDrkvksa rd baVjusV dh igqap ds lkFkbZ&dkWelZ ds lkeus foLrkj ds fy, ns'k esa

bZ&dkWelZ esa fons'kh fuos'k ij vleatl

çHkk"k dqekj >k

bZ&dkWelZ

erkSj ij baVjusV ds ekè;e lsdh tkus okyh [kjhn&fcØh dksbysDVªkWfud dkWelZ (bZ&dkWelZ)

ekuk tkrk gSA gkykafd] bldk nk;jk bllsO;kid gSA bysDVªkWfud ekè;e ds tfj,fcuk fdlh nLrkost ;k eqæk dks çLrqr fd,lsok ;k mRikn dh [kjhn&fcØh dh xfrfofèkbZ&dkWelZ ds rgr vkrh gSA blesa vko';d'krZ gS fd ysu&nsu bysDVªkWfud lalkèkuksa dsekè;e ls gh gksA

O;olk; dh çÑfr ds vkèkkj ij bZ&dkWelZdks eq[; :i ls nks Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk tkrk gSAfctusl Vw fctusl (ch Vw ch) esa lsok çnkrk;k foØsrk vkSj lsok ysus okyk ;k Øsrk nksuksagh daifu;ka ;k O;olk;h gksrs gSaA tSls daiuhls Fkksd foØsrk ;k Fkksd foØsrk ls [kqnjkfoØsrk dh [kjhnkjh bl Js.kh esa vkrh gSAflLdks bldk lcls vPNk mnkgj.k gSA fctuslVw daT;wej Js.kh esa (ch Vw lh) fÝyidkVZ]LuSiMhy] vyhckck vkSj ,estkWu tSlh lkbVsavkrh gSa] ftlesa lsok çnkrk ;k foØsrk lsbysDVªkWfud lalkèkuksa ds tfj, miHkksDrk lhèkstqM+rk gSA dqN yksx bldh rhljh Js.kh crkrsgSa daT;wej Vw daT;wej dh] ftlesa foØsrk vkSjØsrk nksuksa gh miHkksDrk gksrs gSaA dbZ fo'ks"kKbZ&dkWelZ ds bl rhljs çk:i dks ekU;rk ughansrs gSa vkSj bls nwljh Js.kh esa gh j[krs gSaA

Hkkjr nqfu;k esa lcls rsth ls c<+ jgsvkWWuykbu cktkjksa esa ls ,d gSA [kqnjk bZ&dkWelZdh rsth ls c<+ksrjh esa ns'k dh ;qok tula[;kdk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgk gSA Hkkjrh; okf.kT; ,oam|ksx eaMy ,lkspSe dh 2013 esa vkWWuykbu[kjhnkjh dh leh{kk vkSj ifjn`';* fjiksVZ ds

vk

bZ&dkWelZ ?kjsyw mi;ksx dh phtksa dh

[kjhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk varjkZ"Vªh;

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fljs ls ifjHkkf"kr dj jgk gSA lsok

{ks=k esa bldh otg ls lcls

çklafxd cnyko gqvk gSA bZ&dkWelZ

vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us varjkZ"Vªh;

O;kikj esa u, }kj [kksys gSa vkSj dbZ

,slh lsokvksa dks Hkh O;kikj ;ksX;

cuk fn;k gS] ftuds ckjs esa igys

lkspk Hkh ugha x;k FkkA vuqlaèkku

,oa fodkl] daI;wfVax] nwjLFk f'k{kk]

bUosaVjh çcaèku] xq.koÙkk fu;a=k.k]

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çcaèku] foi.ku] foKkiu vkSj

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vge Hkwfedk gS

ys[kd nSfud uoHkkjr VkbEl esa lekpkj laiknd gSaA vkbZvkbZ,elh] u;h fnYyh ls jsfM;ks ,oa Vhoh i=kdkfjrk ds vè;;u ds ckn nSfud tkxj.k] vej mtkyk] chchlh fgUnhlsok vkfn ls tqMs+ jgsA fofHkUu ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa vè;kiu Hkh djrs jgs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


dkiQh volj miyCèk gSaA yksxksa dh baVjusVrd igqap ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dk fjdkWMZ vHkhcgqr [kjkc gSA dbZ vkdyuksa esa dgk x;k gSfd ns'k dh djhc 11 ls 15 çfr'kr tula[;kbaVjusV dk bLrseky djrh gSA Hkkjrh; baVjusV,oa eksckby la?k (vkbZ,,e,vkbZ) ds vkadM+ksads vuqlkj] fnlacj 2012 rd ns'k esa baVjusVmi;ksx djus okyksa dh dqy la[;k 15 djksM+FkhA buesa 10-5 djksM+ miHkksDrk 'kgjh vkSj 4-5 djksM+ xzkeh.k bykdksa esa gSaA vesfjdk]teZuh vkSj tkiku tSls fofdflr ns'kksa dsekeys esa baVjusV bLrseky djus okys yksxksadh la[;k 85 çfr'kr ds vklikl gSA baVjusVdk mi;ksx djus okyksa dh la[;k c<+us dslkFk gh 'kgjksa dh O;Lr thou'kSyh vkSjbysDVªkWfud lalkèkuksa ls Hkqxrku ds vkSj T;knklgt&lqyHk fodYi vkus okys o"kks± es± bZZ&dkWelZdks rsth ls c<+kus okys dkjd fl¼ gksaxsA

c<+rk dkjksckj vkSj cktkj dk nk;jk c<+usds chp [kqnjk bZ&dkWelZ ds fy, dqN pqukSfr;kaHkh gSaA bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksa esa fuos'k dks ysdjtfVy fLFkfr cuh gqbZ gSA la;qDr çxfr'khyxBcaèku dh fiNyh ljdkj us cgq&czkaM [kqnjkesa 51 çfr'kr rd vkSj ,dy czkaM [kqnjk esa100 çfr'kr rd çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k(,iQMhvkbZ) dks eatwjh nh FkhA cgq&czkaM [kqnjkdkjksckj esa ,iQMhvkbZ dk fojksèk djus okyhHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj dsaæ esa cuusds ckn bl uhfr esa FkksM+k cnyko dj fn;kx;k gSA okf.kT; ea=kh fueZyk lhrkjeu ustqykbZ eghus esa dgk Fkk fd ,dy czkaM [kqnjkdkjksckj esa 100 iQhlnh ,iQMhvkbZ dh vuqefrgS] ysfdu cgq&czkaM [kqnjk esa ,iQMhvkbZ ijdksbZ iQSlyk ugha fy;k x;k gSA ubZ ljdkj ;gHkh Li"V dj pqdh gS fd og bl ckr dksysdj ltx gS fd bZ&dkWelZ dks cgq czkaM[kqnjk {ks=k esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ)dk tfj;k ugha cuus fn;k tk,A

okf.kT; ea=kh ds vuqlkj cgq czkaM [kqnjk{ks=k okyk fu;e bZ&dkWelZ ij Hkh ykxw gksxkA;kuh ch Vw ch ekWMy okyh bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksaesa rks çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh btktr gS]ysfdu ch Vw lh ekWMy dh daifu;ksa ds fy,bl ij jksd gSA ljdkj dks yxrk gS fdcgq&czkaM [kqnjk bZ&dkWelZ ds njokts ,iQMhvkbZds fy, [kksyus ls fdjkuk vkSj NksVs O;olk;hrckg gks tk,axsA ljdkj dh lksp ds foijhr

,lkspSe dk rdZ gS fd çkS|ksfxdh vkèkkfjrIySViQkWeZ esa ,iQMhvkbZ vkus ls fdjkuk LVksjksaij vlj ugha iM+sxkA

çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ij jksd ds ckotwnyxHkx lHkh cM+h Hkkjrh; bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksaesa fons'kh fuos'k gks pqdk gSA ,slk mUgksausdaifu;ksa ds O;olk; dk ekWMy cnydj ;kfu;eksa ls cpus ds fy, tfVy laxBukRed<kapk viukdj fd;k gSA fiNys 10 eghuksa esagh Hkkjrh; bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksa esa osapj dSfiVyvkSj çkbosV bfDoVh iQaM dh vksj ls 3-9 vjcMkWyj ds fuos'k gq, gSaA Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa esavxz.kh fÝyidkVZ us bl o"kZ tqykbZ esa ?kks"k.kkdh Fkh fd mlus ekStwnk vkSj u, fuos'kdksa ls,d vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dh jkf'k tqVkbZ gSAbl u, vkSj rsth ls foLr`r gksrs {ks=k esa ;gml le; rd dh lcls cM+h iQafMax FkhA

bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksa esa Hkh ns'kh vkSj fons'khiQaMksa dh vksj ls fuos'k fd, x, gSaA

fiNys njokts ls ,iQMhvkbZ ds vkjksi dksysdj çorZu funs'kky; fÝyidkVZ lesr dqNvU; bZ&dkWelZ daifu;ksa ds f[kykiQ fons'kh eqækçcaèku vfèkfu;e (iQsek)ds mYya?ku dh tkapdj jgk gSA bl {ks=k ds tkudkjksa dk dguk gSfd tfVy laxBukRed <kaps dh otg ls daifu;ka,iQMhvkbZ fu;eksa dks èkrk crkus esa dke;kc gkstkrh gSaA chVwch vkSj chVwlh ds fy, vyx&vyxfu;eksa dk iQk;nk mBkdj bZ&dkWelZ daifu;kafons'kh fuos'k ds fy, fofHkUu daifu;ka cuk jghgSaA vkjksi ds vuqlkj] chVwlh dkjksckj esa fons'khfuos'k dh jksd dh otg ls igys ls ghvPNk&[kklk HkaMkj j[kus okyh bu daifu;ksa usviuh iqul±jpuk dj yh vkSj [kqn dks ekdZsVIyslekWMy ds :i esa ,d rduhdh eap ds rkSj ijifjHkkf"kr fd;kA ekdZsVIysl ekWMYl esa fons'khHkkxhnkjh dh vuqefr gSA bl çk:i esa vkWWuykbudaiuh vius vki dks [kqnjk dkjksckj ds fy,eap miyCèk djkus okys lsok çnkrk ds rkSj ijçnf'kZr djrh gSA ;kuh og foØsrk vkSj Øsrk dksysu&nsu dk eap miyCèk djkrh gS ,oa bl lsokçnku ds fy, foØsrk ls deh'ku ysrh gSA daiuhdks ekdZsV Iysl ekWMy esa cnyus ls iQk;nk ;ggksrk gS fd og ,iQMhvkbZ ds fu;eksa ds eqrkfcdfons'kh fuos'k ds vuqdwy cu tkrh gS D;ksafddaiuh çR;{k rkSj ls [kjhn&fcØh esa 'kkfey ughagksrh gSA fÝyidkVZ ds ekeys esa çorZu funs'kky;dh tkap vçSy 2013 ls igys dh vofèk dsfy, gS] tc bl daiuh us vius O;olk; dsrjhds dks ekdZsVIysl ekWMy ds :i esa ifjofrZrugha fd;k FkkA fons'kh eqæk çcaèku vfèkfu;e]1999 dh èkkjk&13 ds rgr dksbZ O;fDr ;kçfr"Bku tkap esa nks"kh ik;k tkrk gS rks çorZufuns'kky; fuos'k dh jkf'k ls rhu xquk rdtqekZuk yxk ldrk gSA Hkkjr esa ços'k ikus lsigys ,estkWu dks [kqn dks ekdZsV Iysl ekWMy esacnyuk iM+k Fkk] tcfd vesfjdk esa ;g daiuhbUosaVjh ekWMy viuk, gq, gSA fons'kh daiuh gksusdh otg ls og ,slk djds gh Hkkjrh; [kqnjkcktkj esa dkjksckj dj ldrh FkhA

fu;eu dks ysdj vLFkk;h fnDdrksa dschp T;knkrj vè;;uksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuukgS fd bZ&dkWelZ dk Hkkjr esa Hkfo"; mTToygSA ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj] ns'k esa vkWWuykbu[kqnjk [kjhnkjh ds yxkrkj c<+rs pyu ls

fÝyidkVZ vkWWuykbu lfoZlst esa ,Dlsy ikVZulZ]Vkbxj Xykscy] vkbdkWfud dSfiVy vkSj uSLilZlewg lfgr dbZ fons'kh çkbosV bfDoVh fuos'kdksaus fuos'k fd;k gSA fÝyidkVZ dh ?kks"k.kk dsvxys gh fnu bl {ks=k esa nqfu;k dh vxz.khdaifu;ksa esa 'kqekj ,estkWu bafM;k us Hkkjrh;bZ&dkWelZ {ks=k esa cM+k nkao yxkrs gq, 2 vjcvesfjdh MkWyj ds fuos'k dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhAvDVwcj vkrs&vkrs tkiku ds ehfM;k] baVjsuVvkSj lapkj ds {ks=k esa fuos'k djus okys lkWÝVcSad us LuSiMhy esa 62-7 djksM+ vesfjdhMkWyj ds fuos'k dh Äks"k.kk dj nhA bldslkFk gh lkÝV cSad LuSiMhy esa vdsys lclscM+k fuos'kd cu x;kA bl fuos'k dks tksM+usds ckn o"kZ 2014 esa LuSiMhy djhc ,d vjcvesfjdh MkWyj dk fuos'k vkdf"kZr dj pqdhgSA bu rhu fnXxt daifu;ksa ds vykok fea=kk]tkckWUx] vcZuySMj] iQLVZ ØkbZ] ykbe jksM]iQS'ku ,aM ;w vkSj gSIiyh vueSjsM tSlh

fiNys njokts ls ,iQMhvkbZ dsvkjksi dks ysdj çorZu funs'kky;fÝyidkVZ lesr dqN vU; bZ&dkWelZdaifu;ksa ds f[kykiQ fons'kh eqæk çcaèkuvfèkfu;e (iQsek)ds mYya?ku dh tkapdj jgk gSA bl {ks=k ds tkudkjksa dkdguk gS fd tfVy laxBukRed <kapsdh otg ls daifu;ka ,iQMhvkbZ fu;eksadks èkrk crkus esa dke;kc gks tkrh gSaA


mRlkfgr daifu;ka vxys Ng lkyksa esa ;kuh o"kZ 2020 rd lapkyu]<kapkxr lqfoèkkvksa vkSj HkaMkj.k ij djhc 2 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj fuos'kdjsaxhA ijke'kZ nsus okyh laLFkk çkblokVjgkml dwilZ vkSj ,lkspSe dsla;qDr vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd vxys rhu ls pkj o"kks± esa HkaMkj.kds fy, 75 yk[k ls Ms<+ djksM+ LDos;j iQhV vfrjDr tehu dh t:jriM+ ldrh gSA bl lsDVj esa fn[k jgh çxfr dh laHkkouk vkSj iwjh rjgls ,iQMhvkbZ ds fy, [kksys tkus ds ckn fuos'k c<+us ds lkFk tgka<kapkxr lqfoèkk,a c<+saxh] ogha vkiwfrZ dh Ja[kyk Hkh etcwr gksxhA bldslkFk gh ns'k mRiknu dsaæ ds :i esa fodflr gksxk vkSj jkstxkj ds u,volj Hkh iSnk gksaxsA uhYlu fjlpZ ds oSf'od vè;;u esa ;g ckr lkeusvkbZ gS fd bl lky igyh ckj ,f'k;k&ç'kkar {ks=k esa bZ&dkWelZ ds tfj,[kjhnkjh mÙkjh vesfjdk ls T;knk gqbZ gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa bl o"kZ bZ&dkWelZds tfj, 15 [kjc vesfjdh MkWyj dh [kjhnkjh dh laHkkouk gS] ftlesalcls T;knk diM+s vkSj lkt&lTTkk ij [kpZ gksaxsA Hkkjr esa Hkh ;gh çofrns[ks tkus dh laHkkouk gSA Hkkjr esa fÝyidkVZ vkSj fea=kk] ftldk gkygh esa fÝyidkVZ us vfèkxzg.k fd;k gS] dk lfEeyr iQS'ku dkjksckj lk<+srhu gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk gSA gkykafd] bl pyu dh otg ls [kqnjknqdkunkjksa dh ijs'kkuh vkus okys fnuksa esa c<+rh lkiQ fn[k jgh gSA

bZ&dkWelZ ?kjsyw mi;ksx dh phtksa dh [kjhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj ds rkSj&rjhdksa dks Hkh u, fljs ls ifjHkkf"kr dj jgk gSA lsok {ks=k esabldh otg ls lcls çklafxd cnyko gqvk gSA bZ&dkWelZ vkSj lwpukçkS|ksfxdh us varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa u, }kj [kksys gSa vkSj dbZ ,slh lsokvksa dksHkh O;kikj ;ksX; cuk fn;k gS] ftuds ckjs esa igys lkspk Hkh ugha x;k FkkAvuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl] daI;wfVax] nwjLFk f'k{kk] bUosaVjh çcaèku] xq.koÙkkfu;a=k.k] ys[kkadu (vdkmafVax)] dkfeZd çcaèku] foi.ku] foKkiu vkSjforj.k ds O;kikj esa bZ&dkWelZ dh vge Hkwfedk gSA blds fy, t:jr clbl ckr dh gS fd foØsrk vkSj Øsrk ds chp lapkj dh xq.koÙkk vkSj xfrvPNh gks ,oa ykxr de gksA baVjusV us nqfu;k dks O;kikj mnkjhdj.k dsvxys nkSj dh ngyht ij yk [kM+k fd;k gSA lsok {ks=k esa rduhdh mUu;ulkSns dh ykxr dks ?kVkrk gS vkSj lacafèkr i{kksa dk ykHk c<+krk gSA tSls&tSlslapkj dh ykxr ?kVsxh vkSj vkmVlksflZax c<+sxhA bZ&dkWelZ ds tfj, varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj dk lcls LokHkkfod iQk;nk vk;kr dh ykxr esa deh ds rkSj ijns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g mu ns'kksa ds fy, Hkh iQk;nsean gS] tks baVjusV ds tfj,lsokvksa dk fu;kZr ugha djrs gSaA

gky ds dbZ loZs{k.kksa esa loky fd;k x;k Fkk fd D;k baVjusV dkç;ksx O;kikj dks çHkkfor djrk gSA iwoZ ;wjksi vkSj eè; ,f'k;k ds20 fuEu ,oa eè; vk; okys ns'kksa esa loZs{k.k esa ;g fu"d"kZ fudykfd baVjusV dusD'ku okys m|eksa dk viuh dqy fcØh esa fu;kZr dkfgLlk mu m|eksa ls T;knk gS ftuds ikl baVjusV dusD'ku ugha gSaA ,dvU; vuqlaèkku esa ;g fu"d"kZ Hkh lkeus vk;k fd fodkl'khy ns'kksaesa O;kikj ij baVjusV dk çHkko fodflr ns'kksa ds eqdkcys T;knk gSAvuqlaèkkudrkZ us eè; vkSj vfèkd vk; okys 31 ns'kksa ij fd, x,vè;;u esa ik;k fd vfèkd baVjusV vkSlr okys ns'kksa ls la;qDr jk"Vªvesfjdk dks lsok dk fu;kZr T;knk rsth ls c<+kA ;g rF; Hkh lkeusvk;k gS fd de baVjusV dusD'ku okys fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh rqyukesa vfèkd baVjusV dusD'ku okys fodkl'khy ns'k fodflr ns'kksa dksT;knk fu;kZr djrs gSaA �

by

OUR RESULTS 2011 Ranks - 4, 20, 27, 35, 36....... 100 (approx)2010 Ranks - 18, 21, 26, 31 .............. 100 more.

2012 : - RESULTS

New Batches Start :

Batch - I

Batch - II

Batch - III

Admission Open : ...

6

YH - 256/2014

december 2014 issue final file ipp 3-28 - yojanayojana.gov.in/yh december 2014 low res.pdf ·...

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