Introduction:

For any society the youth is the major resource, but it is sad to noted that a large percentage of youth now depend on drugs, the addiction is increasing day by day as a result it has become a major hindrances in the development of the nation.

The prime reason for this addiction in the country is due to lack of mental resistance in the youth to fight the day-to-day problems & challenges of life.

The non-medical use of habit-forming drug is not a new phenomena, it has been with us since long. Its extents & more certainly, its pattern & trends may have differed but it has been with us for generationsMany productive, socially & economically useful population who prey for the drug dealers & start depending on drug need to be treated & rehabilitated for the benefit of individual, society, country & mankind as a whole.The use of non-medical drugs is found to be intense especially in the metropolitan cities of or country and hence it needs immediate attention to eradicate this problem for the all round development of the country.

The government and the society too has a major role in eradicating the addiction to any found harmful drug, hence there exists the need for drug de-addiction center which can help the youth to put their life back on the trail.

If preventing production is hard and interception almost impossible, and if stopping teenagers and young adults from trying illegal drugs is only partly successful then it becomes of the utmost importance to ensure that those who become addicted are helped as quickly as possible to break the habit. Hence the de-addiction center plays an important role in the up liftment of the responsible citizens.

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Causes for addiction:

People take drugs for many reasons: peer pressure, relief of stress, increased energy, to relax, to relieve pain, to escape reality, to feel more self-esteem, and for recreation. They may take stimulants to keep alert, or cocaine for the feeling of excitement it produces.

Generally speaking, interest, attitudes, temperament, adjustive efficiency and life goals of individuals may have a decisive role in their taking drugs. However, these are largely latent considerations. There may be several overt reasons as well. Many users set much store on psychotropic drugs. That drugs or certain drugs provide intrepidity or that they are a big aid to concentration is a popular belief. Often the drug-sex linkage has been underlined.

Broadly the major reasons for consumption of drugs can be grouped under following four divisions:(a) Psychological causes such as releasing tension, satisfying curiosity,

and intensifying perception etc.; (b) Physical causes such as staying awake, heightening sexual

experience etc.;(c) Social causes such as facilitating social interaction, challenging

social values etc.; and(d) Miscellaneous causes such as improving concentration in study,

sharpening religious insight, deepening self-understanding etc. . Many researchers, however, emphasize that these reasons would vary from drug to drug. Over a long period many hypotheses and theories have been put forward with respect to what drugs door can do. Physical, psychological and social gains or harms of various drugs have often been recounted.

(a)Academic achievement

Many enthusiasts think of drug users as imaginative and creative persons. In contrast, there are others who regard them as lazy, dull and unproductive. The existing literature on the relationship between drug use and academic achievement among students presents an unclear picture. On the one hand, many studies generally show that drug users are "under-achievers" in academic pursuits or are "educational drop-outs".

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(b) Drug abuse and crime

It is a common observation that among those who come into conflict with the law, many are drug users. Likewise, the unhappy connection between

"Drink and driving" is too obvious to need any amplification. Further, procurement, transportation and distribution of many a drug purchase and distillation, smuggling and peddling also involve illegal activities. In this connection, illegal means of obtaining money to maintain drug habits may also be considered. When hard-pressed, a drug user would do anything-commit theft, burglary --to get money in order to procure drugs.

The socio-cultural background of drug users has been analyzed at length. The nature of the family, socio-economic conditions and inter-personal relations in the family, as well as the influence of the companionships have been analyzed and it is found that low family education and lower socio-economic class has relation to drug use. On the other hand, while studying drug use among school children from 13-19 years of age, it is found that drug users did not necessarily belong to socially deprived classes.

The processes involved in taking drugs have several theoretical and operational implications. In one way, a drug habit may be the consequence of imitation of other drug users, particularly if they happen to be in the family or peer group. While the influence of imitation models may be pervasive, this is difficult to ascertain. In contemporary times, imitation models do not remain restricted only to home, neighborhood or school. Imitation models from sports, movies etc. may be equally influential.

In this connection, the well-known Chinese proverb may be recalled: "First, man takes wine, then, wine takes wine and, finally, wine takes the man ". However, before persons "take wine ", they pass through quite a few distinct stages. They should have the knowledge of the intoxicant, the intoxicant should be accessible, and the intoxicant should have been suggested to them; and only then depending upon their internal and external set, would they experiment with the intoxicant and may eventually progress to become habituated. It is observed that the more accurate knowledge pupils had about drugs, the more likely they were to try them .

However the cause for drug dependency differs for person to person, it is subjective and every person has different reason for consumption of drug.

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Drug abuse in India:

Drug abuse in India is as old as elsewhere, if not older. From the very beginning, cannabis drugs have been in use. Ancient books are replete with references to intoxicants such as "soma rasa ", "dev booty ", "madira" etc. Opium became popular during the Mughal period. Until recently, cocaine had many enthusiasts, especially in "red-light" areas.

The post-war period saw the rise of synthetic drugs-both stimulants and depressants. Hard drugs such as heroin and lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD) are in use, recently discovered hallucinogens such as phencyclidine hydrochloride (Angel Dust) may also be known to certain users in metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, it is difficult to assert that the prevalence rate of psychoactive drugs in the country is comparable to that found in many western countries. However, the problem has often been associated with the processes of urbanization and modernization.

As a developing country, India is very much in the throes of these processes and hence the drug scene in the country needs to be watched. Drug abuse may not be exactly a problem of magnitude at present, but it may become one within several decades.

On one hand, drugs such as cannabis and opiates, which have been in use over a period of time, may be termed traditional drugs. On the other, drugs such as heroin, mescaline, LSD and Angel Dust, which are relatively recent in origin, may be called modern drugs. Apart from this, the form of drugs prevalent in rural areas in India differs from that in urban areas. It follows that the use of psychotropic drugs in the country is not uniform.

Tribal and rural population groups in India have not been exempt from the use of psychotropic drugs. These sections of the population, however, do not appear to have attracted much research attention. it is found that the rural population consume much of traditional drugs, probably for the reason that they are not exposed to the modern drugs.

For some decades India has seen entry of foreign drugs like Morphine, Heroin, Brown-sugar etc., many youngsters, mostly living in towns and cities from rich families, got accustomed to such drugs and had a miserable life. Very few drug addicts recovered comfortable.In view of the situation prevailing Govt. of India took keen interest for control of drug abuse and also for de-addiction.

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Rate of drug consumption:

Some recent estimates of the prevalence rate among college and university students are available. The Ministry of Social Welfare of the Government of India launched a multi-center research program covering several urban centers including Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Chennai and Varanasi. The sample (N =25,000 approximately) covered both male and female students who were pursuing generic as well as professional courses.

CentreNon-users

(%)Former users

(%)Current users

(%)Sample size

(N)

Mumbai 57.8 6.7 35.0 4 151

Delhi 52.5 12.9 34.6 3 991

Hyderabad 65.8 9.2 25.0 903

Jabalpur 56.4 14.1 29.5 4 415

Jaipur 77.6 3.9 18.5 4 081

Chennai 76.8 3.7 19.5 3 580

Varanasi 54.6 11.8 33.5 3 852

Total 62.9 8.9 28.2 24 973

Less than two thirds of the students were found to be non-users. Nevertheless, more than 28 per cent of them took drugs

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Prevalence rates of drug use by substance:

(Percentage)

Substance Mumbai (N=4,15

1)

Delhi (N=3,99

1)

Hyderabad

(N=903)

Jabalpur (N=4,41

5)

Jaipur (N=4,08

1)

Chennai (N=3,580)

Varanasi

(N=3,852)

Total (N=24,97

3)

Alcohol 15.1 12.2 8.6 9.4 9.7 9.4 10.4 10.2

Amphetamines

0.2 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.050.4

1.3 0.5

Barbiturates 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 1.8 0.7

Cannabis 0.4 1.3 0.8 8.5 0.9 1.5 11.9 2.8

Cocaine 0.05 0.03 0.1 0.2 0.09 - 0.6 0.1

LSD 0.07 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.3

Opium, morphine,

heroin

0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2

0.4

0.9 0.4

Analgesics 12.6 20.9 2.8 15.1 2.3 1.4 13.8 9.2

Pethidine 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.9 0.3

Tobacco 9.1 10.5 5.3 10.8 9.2 15.2 15.1 9.9

Tranquillizers

1.0 2.9 2.6 1.2 1.21.1

2.5 1.5

Which psychotropic drugs do students prefer? Above table shows that alcohol (10.2 per cent), closely followed by tobacco (9.9 per cent), is most popular. The prevalence rate of drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, LSD, opiates and pethidine, is relatively insignificant. It is noteworthy that several modern drugs such as heroin and LSD are prohibitively expensive. Yet another fact, which deserves notice, is that in Varanasi and Jabalpur cannabis drugs appear to be widely used.

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What is addiction?

The task of defining addiction has challenged physicians, judges, clergy, addicts, their families, and the general public throughout history. There are as many potential definitions as there are groups with an interest in defining addiction. These definitions emphasize such things as physiological dependence, psychological dependence, family dynamics, behavioral problems, and morality.

Chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for other than medically warranted purposes. Traditional definitions of addiction, with their criteria of physical dependence and withdrawal (and often an underlying tenor of depravity and sin) have been modified with increased understanding; with the introduction of new drugs, such as cocaine, that are psychologically or neuropsychological addicting; and with the realization that its stereotypical application to opiate-drug users was invalid because many of them remain occasional users with no physical dependence. Addiction is more often now defined by the continuing, compulsive nature of the drug use despite physical and/or psychological harm to the user and society and includes both licit and illicit drugs, and the term “substance abuse” is now frequently used because of the broad range of substances (including alcohol and inhalants) that can fit the addictive profile. Psychological dependence is the subjective feeling that the user needs the drug to maintain a feeling of wellbeing; physical dependence is characterized by tolerance (the need for increasingly larger doses in order to achieve the initial effect) and withdrawal symptoms when the user is abstinent.

Definitions of drug abuse and addiction are subjective and infused with the political and moral values of the society or culture. For example, the stimulant caffeine in coffee and tea is a drug used by millions of people, but because of its relatively mild stimulatory effects and because caffeine does not generally trigger antisocial behavior in users, the drinking of coffee and tea, despite the fact that caffeine is physically addictive, is not generally considered drug abuse. Even narcotics addiction is seen only as drug abuse in certain social contexts. In India opium has been used for centuries without becoming unduly corrosive to the social fabric.

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Types of Abused Substances:

There are many levels of substance abuse and many kinds of drugs, some of them readily accepted by society.

Legal Substances

Legal substances, approved by law for sale over the counter or by doctor’s prescription, include caffeine, alcoholic beverages (see alcoholism), nicotine (see smoking), and inhalants (nail polish, glue, inhalers, gasoline). Prescription drugs such as tranquilizers, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, steroids, and analgesics can be knowingly or unknowingly over prescribed or otherwise used improperly. In many cases, new drugs prescribed in good conscience by physicians turn out to be a problem later. For example, diazepam (Valium) was widely prescribed in the 1960s and 70s before its potential for serious addiction was realized. In the 1990s, sales of fluoxetine (Prozac) helped create a $3 billion antidepressant market in the United States, leading many people to criticize what they saw as the creation of a legal drug culture that discouraged people from learning other ways to deal with their problems. At the same time, readily available but largely unregulated herbal medicines have grown in popularity; many of these are psychoactive to some degree, raising questions of quality and safety. Prescription drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Illegal Substances

Prescription drugs are considered illegal when diverted from proper use. Some people shop until they find a doctor who freely writes prescriptions; supplies are sometimes stolen from laboratories, clinics, or hospitals. Morphine, a strictly controlled opiate, and synthetic opiates, such as fentanyl, are most often abused by people in the medical professions, who have easier access to these drugs. Other illegal substances include cocaine and crack, marijuana and hashish, heroin, hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, PCP (phencycline or “angel dust”), “designer drugs” such as MDMA (Ecstasy), and “party drugs” such as GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate).

Design methodology:

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1) Problem identification

Literature study & Case study Site study Data collection

2) Analysis & inferences

3) Design guidelines

4) Concept

5) Preliminary design

6) Refinement

7) Final proposal

Literature study:

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Typical progression in the drug life of an addict:

1. Addiction starts as a pleasant experience, chasing pleasant feelings and running away from the unpleasant. It becomes an addiction when the experience is no longer pleasant, but the person continues to risk everything by compulsively attempting to repeat and even intensify the pleasant experience previously produced by drugs.

2. Addiction becomes a lifestyle: predictable, habitual, and repetitive.  Drug-addicted people doubt both their ability to set themselves realistic goals and their ability to bring about the results they want. Because they do not believe their efforts will be rewarded, they give up trying. For the addict, the reward becomes the drug of his / her choice.

3. Because of the lifestyle maintained by drug addict (using mostly illegal and very expensive drugs) his or her behavior starts to infringe on the rest of society (criminal activities, prostitution, etc.)

4. These kinds of activities go against the set of values with which the addict has been raised. This produces strong feelings of guilt and self-hate associated with the addiction, which cause the addict to rely more heavily on his or her drug. The vicious circle keeps rolling.

The key to diagnosis of addictive disease is in the observation that the patient persists in using drugs in spite of the consequences.  It also means that taking away the drug would not solve the problem of drug addiction. To sum up, addiction means an over-dependency, which has become habitual, obsessive and compulsive, governing.

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Treatment of an addict:

Treatment of substance abusers depends upon the severity and nature of the addiction, motivation, and the availability of services. Some users may come into treatment voluntarily and have the support of family, friends, and workplace; others may be sent to treatment by the courts against their will and have virtually no support system. Most people in drug treatment have a history of criminal behavior; approximately one third are sent by the criminal justice system.

Both pharmacological and behavioral treatments are used, often augmented by educational and vocational services. Treatment may include detoxification, therapy, and support groups, such as the 12-step groups Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and Cocaine Anonymous. Nonresidential programs serve the largest number of patients. Residential facilities include hospitals, group homes, halfway houses, and therapeutic communities, most of the daily activities are treatment-related. Programs for family and friends of substance abusers help them to break out of codependent cycles.

Some treatment programs use medicines that neutralize the effects of the drug. Ant abuse is a medicine used in the treatment of alcoholism. It causes severe and sudden reaction (nausea, vomiting, headache) when alcohol is present. Naltrexone is used in alcohol and heroin abuse. Other programs use stabilizing medications, e.g., methadone or buprenorphine maintenance programs for heroin addiction. Acupuncture has been successful in treating the cravings that accompany cocaine withdrawal and is being used with pregnant substance abusers to improve the health of their babies.

For every person in drug treatment there is an estimated three or four people who need it. Many, who attempt to get treatment, especially from public facilities, are discouraged by waits of over a month to get in. Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment is difficult because of the chronic nature of drug abuse and alcoholism and the fact that the disease is usually complicated by personal, social, and health factors.

About 75% of the treatment program is psychological , medicinal treatment is not much in use . the major aim of the treatment is to make the patient realize the harms of drug or alcohol and help them to come out of the of substance dependency.

   

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Terminologies:

Drug: Drug is a chemical compound which, when taken into the body, changes the body's metabolism.

Alcohol: Alcohol is deriver from a Arabian term “ al-kuhul” meaning finely divided spirit.

Drug abuse: when a drug is consumed for any reason other that the medical, in any amount, strength, frequency or manner that damages the physical or mental functioning on body it is called drug abuse. Drug abuse occurs when a person feels the need to use a drug repeatedly for various reasons. Drug addiction is said to be present when a person continues to abuse a drug after serious problems related to the drug use have occurred.

Alcohol habit: not all people who drink can be called as addicts. People drinking alcohol can be broadly divided into two groups:

1) Social drinkers 2) Alcoholics

1) Social drinkers: social drinkers are those who drink occasionally 7 are not dependent or addict to drinking.

2) . Alcoholics are those excessive drinkers whose dependence on alcohol has attained such a degree that they show a noticeable mental disturbance or an interference with their mental and bodily health, their interpersonal relations and their smooth social and economic functioning; or who show the predominant signs of such developments. They, therefore, require treatment

Detoxification: detoxification is a medical management process used to remove the toxicity of the alcohol or drug from the body to ensure that the patient undergoes safe withdrawal from chemical. During the treatment cycle of an addict detoxification is the first stage of treatment.

Counseling: interaction between the doctor or a psychiatrists and the patient where in the doctor interviews the patient and help him psychologically to understand and come out of the problem.

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Activities in a de-addiction center:

All the daily activities are treatment-related. The entire day program is organized and various activities are carried out which are governed by the staff.

1) The day starts with meditation & yoga, which helps the patients to come out of the stress, they are facing in their life.

2) Counseling sessions are carried out with individual patient to take personal care & to see the development in the patient.

3) Lecture classes by experts are carried out to help the patient rebuild their personality & become fit to adjust with the society.

4) Group counseling are carried out for about 20 to 30 patients together.

5) Recreational facilities like library, sports, watching television are also provided, this also helps them to come out of their stress.

Various therapies are carried out during the course of treatment like music therapy, group therapy, work therapy, relaxation therapy etc.

Music therapy: music therapy is a kind of group therapy where patients perform whatever talent they have like singing dancing etc. singing process exercises the lungs & helps the patient regain the stability over speech

Group therapy: in this session 20 to 30 patients are grouped together & various patients share their experience during addiction which help the patient to fell that they are not the only one who are facing problem and also become conscious to drop the addiction.

Work therapy: work therapy includes different types of work that a patient has to complete with in the given time. This keep the patient occupied & hence he does not get tempted towards addiction.

Relaxation therapy: the prime purpose of relaxation therapy is closely allied with that of work & music therapy, which involves recreational activities in the form of games, stage shows etc which plays an important role in the development of an individual.

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Case study 01 :

Muktangana de-addiction center Pune:

Introduction:

Muktangan De-addiction Center at Pune was established on 29th August 1986. The late Dr. Anita Awachat, founder of the center decided to follow an evolving approach in developing a treatment model. From what she perceived of the addiction problem, she was convinced that:

Addiction is a disease Friends admitted need security and love They should be given opportunity to express their creative instincts They should restore faith in values They need to be accepted by family members and support also

should be given to their family members Most importantly, the friends admitted should be emotionally

comfortable

Dr. Anita (fondly called Madam) kept her options of treatment open for suggestions from the friends. As for the therapeutic milieu, since she respected and attempted to follow Mahatma Gandhi's teachings, a system akin to Gandhiji's ashram system was her goal. Consequently, simplicity, self-reliance, maintaining the center by the inmates was part of the center since inception. There are no special rooms for anyone and self-discipline is the key factor. Madam used to discuss with the friends what would help them recover. Some said that music might help, so music therapy was introduced. One of the friends admitted was a physical trainer. He set up an exercise

14

regime for the inmates. Madam used to learn Yoga and she thought it would be useful during recovery, so Yoga was introduced. Gradually, a systematic therapy structure evolved.

Location:

Muktangana de addiction center is situated in the outskirts of Pune (Maharastra) city, on Pune-Alandi road.

15

16

Site surroundings:2

Muktangana deaddiction center is situated on pune- alandi road

The area in which this center is situated mainly consists of various residential apartments, shops & clinics

Site features:

The site is sloping towards south; here there is a drain. The campus is designed according to the slope of the site; hence the natural landform is not much altered.

Site plan:

Existing nallaha towards south

N

Main entrance

ROAD

17

CONCEPT OF PLANNING:

Model of the campus Main entrance to the building

This building was designed by Ar.shirish beri

A balance had to be bought about between the sense of freedom & the disciplinary action of the institute, the environment needed to be one where the patient could open up & feel. Hence the basic concept of planning was governed by these two factors.

A transparency of mass is brought about by entrance, terraces, cut-outs ect, this massing of structure allows the “ Expression of freedom” & helps the patient to feel free & more secure.

The natural stone, plants, creepers, the sky, the cloud all become a part of architectural vocabulary hence creates a natural therapeutic ambience.

In spite of the transparency & the openness, the building is functionally easy to monitor with only one entrance, besides the service entrance

18

In the planning of this building the architect has made an attempt at rising a sense of belonging & sharing between the user & the building & therefore indirectly causing speedier recovery

Ground floor plan

0) Arrival & o.p.d waiting. 8) Stage & amphitheater 1)General ward 9) store

2)Coordinator’s cabin 10) verandah

3)Consulting room 11) kitchen

4)Psychiatrist’s cabin 12) dining hall

5)Social worker’s cabin 13) UG tank with seating above

6)Yoga hall 14) Gas

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7)Servant’s room

: Section @ AA

ABOUT FACILITES PROVIDE:

1) ARRIVAL & O.P.D WAITING : This part consists of a reception, a waiting area for about 30 people, which serves the out patients department it incorporates a 1.5 m wide movement space on one side adjoining the counseling rooms & the other part consists of a semicircular seating arrangement for waiting. The waiting area flows into the amphitheater creating a open feeling.

The entrance gate of the building. The vision of the observer is not obstructed & the open space is focused from this point.

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The waiting area of the O.P.D department flows into the amphitheater, which continues the openness of building.

The opening in the waiting lobby continues till the terrace & pours sufficient light into interiors.

2) General ward: The course duration in this center varies from 4 to 5 weeks,

the in patients here are not provided with any individual rooms instead they are provided with general wards or dormitories since this institution follows group therapy.

Each ward is 30mx 10m accommodating 30 patients actually designed to accommodate only 15-20 patients hence it is proving to be congested.

21

Each patient is provided with individual locker at a corner of the room. Through out the ward about 0.8m circulations space is maintained between the beds.

The ward is well ventilated it consists of windows of size 1.0mx1.2m each.

The wards are locked up in the night times hence the toilet blocks are provided so that they can be accessed from within the wards. Each toilet block consists of 3 bathrooms, 3 W.C, 2 urinals & 3 washbasins.

Care has been taken to avoid glare & access heat into the

Wards so the patients do not face stress hence the windows facing south are provided with egg-caret type of sunshade.

3) Consulting rooms: Every counselor is provided with a counseling cabin where in he interacts with the patient & his family. The room size is 3 m x 4.5m. Separate counseling rooms are provided for inpatients & out patients. The out patients counseling room are at the ground floor adjoining the waiting lobby. The inpatient counseling rooms are at the fist floor, which is convenient for them to approach.

Raised planters and the spread of flowers at the windowsill are used to cheer the patient as soon as he enters the rooms that he can feel free & interact well with the counselor.

In the counseling rooms visual privacy is not as necessary since there is

22

no physical check up carried out instead sound privacy is needed to see that the interaction is not heard by any one else, hence transparency is maintained with the use of glazed doors.

View of counseling rooms provided for inpatients at the first floor: Inpatients & outpatients counseling rooms are separated hence there is no mixing up of inpatients & out patients.

4) Yoga & Meditation hall: The yoga & meditation hall is about 50sq.mts, this hall is also used for music therapy . It can accommodate about 30 people where as there are about 90 inpatients in the center so it proves to be small.

The main feature of this unit is the clearstory windows provided which creates the apt mood for meditation by pouring light into the interiors from the top. The main purpose of providing such windows is to create the mood & to avoid distraction of vision.

Sunken level in the terrace

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View of window from terrace showing view of the windows from sunken level in roof with clearstory the interior of yoga hall. Windows.

5) Library: Library located at the first floor of the building is about 40sq.m, it mainly contains book on topics related to de-addiction, newspapers, & magazines. Transparency is maintained in the library by using glazed doors to monitor the activities of the patients within.

Ample light & ventilation is provided within hence in the daytime there is no need of artificial lighting. This room can accommodate about 30 to 40 people where as the present capacity of the center is 80 to 90 hence it proves to be small.

6) Stage & Amphitheatre: The most interesting part of this building is the enclosed landscaped amphitheatre, which breaths in light & joy into the building. This is mainly used for group therapy sessions & for some functions. It can accommodate about 100 to 120 people hence it is sufficient to conduct various group therapy sessions.

Stage

Sitting area

Movement area

24

The balcony of general wards open up into amphitheatre this provides relief from the built-up space.

8)Dinning hall & kitchen:

Dining hall is used as a multipurpose Hall: this hall is used for dining, indoor sports & as TV room. This Room is connected to a kitchen with Rear verandah, store & servants room. Total area of this unit is about 200sq.mThe windows in dining hall provide sufficient light & ventilation into the Hall & directs the view towards the external landscape.

View of rear verandah with service entrance

Service entry

25

View of the pantry in dining hall

9) Clinic: A small clinic is provided within the campus, which is mainly used for detoxification & for elementary treatment of the inpatients. It consists of an examination room, record room, and physician’s chamber & treatment room. The detoxification of inpatients during their first stage of treatment is carried out in this clinic & in case of any emergencies the patient is taken to the nearby hospital; hence an ambulance is always kept with in the campus.

View of the interiors of the clinic

10) Regional training & research hall: a conference hall is located in the first floor of the building, which I basically used for

26

regional training & research. It is also used for board meetings etc, training classes are conducted here every week for the staff. This hall is well ventilated & lighted; it consists of a balcony also.

Rainwater: rainwater collected on the terrace is drained down through pipes into the landscape area, the site slopes towards south where there is a nallaha hence it becomes easy to drain excess water out of the site.

Water supply: Sintex tank of 250 liters capacity is placed on the terrace for storing water & supplying it to the building.

Solar energy harvesting: Solar equipment is placed over the terrace through solar energy is harvested & is used to heat the water.

Case study 02:

Freedom foundation Bangalore:

Introduction:

Freedom Foundation works in the fields of Alcoholism/Drug addiction and AIDS. Its De-addiction (Substance Abuse) home has the highest recovery rate in the country at 49% while its HIV/AIDS facility is considered a Nodal Center to be replicated in the rest of the country Established in 1992, the Foundation was initially started to provide an effective treatment program for alcoholics and drug-addicts. Three years down the line, and a link was noticed between addiction and AIDS. In 1995, the Foundation took on the onerous task of addressing the issue of AIDS. An year later, it opened a rehabilitation center for HIV positive people, the first of its kind in the country Located in a farm, Freedom Foundation comprises two centers -- Center I for Substance Abuse and Center II for HIV/AIDS. Both are 50-bed residential units, just a

27

kilometer from each other. While the center for substance abuse charges fees, the AIDS center is absolutely free.

Freedom Foundation's treatment program is based on the principle, abstinence is only the first stage of the recovery process. Genuine sobriety means abstinence plus a return to full physical, psychological, social, emotional and spiritual health.

Following the AA/NA 12-steps   program, it incorporates effective and modern techniques of group and individual counseling, psychiatric inputs when required, yoga and a well-structured schedule with daily attendance of AA/NA meetings

The process of treatment followed:

The 12-step method of treatment followed in freedom foundation is as follows:

Interrupt the drug taking behavior Detoxification of the individual from chemicals Break through the denial mechanisms of the illness Educate them on addiction being a treatable disease and provide

referral services Break through the barriers of isolation and loneliness which

separate the individual from family, friends and society Introduce them to self-help support systems at home and in the

community Identify and interrupt destructive family and social relationships,

and replace them with positive ways of thinking and behaving Establish new communication patterns, which will enhance

interpersonal relationships. Discover new and healthier ways of coping with feelings Encourage lifestyle changes necessary to sustain continuing

abstinence Treat co-dependents and help them make their relationship with the

addict more constrictive and meaningful Pre-test Post-test counseling, as well as educational workshops on

HIV/ AIDS related issues

28

The residential treatment entails a stay for a minimum period of 4 months (120 days). All basic amenities are provided including a well-balanced, nutritious diet (vegetarian/non-vegetarian).

Freedom Foundation is primarily a rehabilitation facility. It is recommended that the clients undergo detoxification at any of the numerous hospitals/nursing homes available. However, adequate facilities including doctor and medication are available for detoxification at Freedom Foundation, whenever necessary.

From initial management of withdrawal symptoms, the client adheres to a structural daily schedule with adequate free time for entertainment especially during weekends.

Families are allowed to meet the clients during weekends on prior permission from the concerned counselor.

Clients are to work the first three steps of the NA/AA 12-step program on an intensive level in groups and individually with their counselors. On satisfactory progress of the step work, clients are shifted to TRANSIT accommodation during the last 2-4 weeks. They then commence working step 4 onwards with a sponsor of their choice in the AA/NA fellowship.

The Transit period prepares them to face the world again with a fresh perspective not to mention fortitude. The shift from the rehabilitation progress to integration with society is thus monitored for a fruitful and productive transition.

Treatment cycle:

Admission of patient as in patient

Detoxification: first stage of treatment is physical wherein the toxicity of blood is removed for easy withdrawal of the patient. (About 1-2 week period)

Psychological treatment: the next stage of treatment is psychological wherein counseling

29

of patient is done & group therapies are carried out. (About 10- 12 weeks)

Transit stage: if satisfactory progress is found in the patient then he is shifted to transit accommodation during the last 2-4 weeks of treatment.

Site location:

30

Freedom foundation

31

About the campus:

This building is an adapted building basically it was a farm. It is a simple u-shaped campus arranged around a common courtyard, which is used for various purposes like circulation, recreational facilities like games etc.

Open courtyard

Around which bldg

Is spread. main entry

32

Circulation pattern:

Reception detox ward

Waiting clinic

Wards

o.t.s serving as common circulation & gathering place

Entry security & Dining

Parking kitchen

Group therapy

Transit room

Various facilities provided:

1) Parking area.2) Security check room

3) Reception & waiting

4) Administration unit

5) Detoxification ward with clinic

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6) Dormitories

7) Duel rooms

8) Transit ward

9) Dining & kitchen

10) Group therapy rooms

Total capacity of the institution is: 60 inpatients Duration of the course offered in this institution is about 3 to 4

months.

1) PARKING & SECURITY CHECK: at the entrance to the campus there is a security check room Y parking facility for 4-5 four wheelers, 8-10 two wheelers, & one ambulance

2) ADMINSTRATION UNIT: a small A.D.M unit is provided within the campus consisting of.

Waiting area for about 6 to 8 people

Reception & admission counter

Director’s cabin

Counseling room

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VIEW OF THE OFFICE BLOCK

3) CLINIC & DETOXIFICATION UNIT: A small clinic & detoxification room is provided with in the campus where the patient undergoes his first course of treatment. This unit has all the facilities needed for the elementary treatment & in case of emergency the patient is taken to the nearby hospital hence an ambulance is always kept with in the campus.

4) DINING & KITCHEN: Dining area with the kitchen is about 170sq.m. Dining hall is used as a multipurpose hall used for yoga 7 meditation, Lectures, seminars & staff meeting etc.

35

VIEW OF THE DINING HALL

5) ACCOMODATION UNIT : Three different types of accommodation are provided for different stages of course.

DORMETORIES: Two dormitories of 30 capacities each are provided. There is no locker facility provided with in the dormitories, the dormitories are sufficiently ventilated but it is congested. Toilet facilities are away from the dormitories. Since the dormitories are locked up in the night times two w.c’s are provided within the dormitories.

DUEL ROOMS: Five number of duel rooms are provided; this is one of the special features of this institution. This is a room where in two patients can stay individually. Each room is about 3x4.5m & is sufficient for two patients. Lady patients generally prefer such type of accommodation since it gives sufficient privacy, however in de addiction centers isolation is not preferred.

TRANSIT WARD: A transit ward of about 30sq.m size is provided this is occupied by the patients in the final stage of their treatment or after he treatment till they get adjusted back in to the society. Transit ward is the place is the place where the patients stay after they complete their course of treatment 7 searches for jobs. At this stage the patient is let out of the institution for certain hours in a day during which he is given some nominal amount & can search for job & get rehabilitate in the society. This type of treatment gives confidence to the patient that he can get back to normal life hence is use full.

36

VIEW OF THE TRANSIT WARDS:

6)FAMILY DISCUSSION & GROUP THERAPY ROOM:

Separate room of about 30sq.m size is provide where in discussion with families is carried out & they & told how to behave with the patient when they go back home after the course, group therapies for the patients is also carried out in this room.

CASE STUDY 03: (INTERNET)

DAIRRC: KHUSHIVALI (MAHARASTRA):

37

INTRODUCTION:

D.A.I.R.R.C (Drug Abuse Information Rehabilitation & Research Center) is a registered Charitable Trust involved in Drug (Substance Abuse) Demand Reduction Strategies (Prevention & Treatment), since 1982. It is also actively involved in HIV Awareness Programs since 1988. DAIRRC strategies include General Awareness Measures as well as Specific Intervention Strategies.

The Rehabilitation Center caters to treatment that includes Heroin addiction treatment, Cocaine addiction treatment, Solvent Abuse Treatment, Treatment for addiction to Prescribed Medication, Methadone addiction treatment and Treatment for addiction to all Other Drugs of Abuse.

Drug Prevention Campaigns by DAIRRC implemented in India include Drug Resistance Education, Slum Intervention Programs for Drug Abuse, Drug Awareness Programs targeted at school children and Drug Research in India.

DAIRRC is the premier Substance Abuse Prevention and Rehabilitation Center in India. The Rehabilitation Center was established in 1982 in Mumbai, India. Currently the Center has a success rate of 85 percent for its Rehabilitation Program (not inclusive of the dropouts).

LOCATION:

The Center at Kushivali is situated at the foothil ls of the picturesque Haji Malang mountain range of the Western ghats. The Center caters only to a maximum of 18 patients at a time (so that each gets individual attention) and is spread over 40,000 square feet of land.

38

Picturesque view of hills adds to the mood of the center

Staff bliss villa

Sangita villa

Parking

Pond

Main entrance

Key sit e plan

FACILITIES PROVIDED:

1) ACCOMODATION: Accommodation for the inpatients here is provided in two different classes in terms of economy.

39

BLISS VILLA: This is a luxurious type of accommodation unit for both men & women. It consists of bedroom (6mx3m) with attached toilet, small dining space. It has good view of surrounding landscape.

Entry to bliss villa Side profile Surroundings of villa Frontal view:

SANGITA VILLA: This is comparatively less expensive & luxurious than the bliss villa. This accommodation unit contains a therapy room (central hall with dining 6mx9m); kitchen (6x3m) two double bed rooms (3x3.5m) a triple bed room( 4x 3m) & a dormito

40

View of the normal facility that hosts 3 double rooms and a dormitory.

THERAPY ROOM : A group therapy room is provided within the sangita villa. Here the patients are gathered & are given lectures on de addiction. This room is 4mx4m with toilet facilities

41

COMPARITIVE AREA ANALYSIS: all areas mentioned in table are in terms of square meters.

42

Requirements

Standard data

Case s tudy 1

muktangan

Remarks

Case s tudy 2

Freedom foundat ion

Remarks

Case s tudy3

DAIRRC

Remarks

Inference

1) Recept ion 5 6Suff ic ient

4Suff ic ient

------ --- 6

2) Wait ing

22-25 (for 15 to 20

person)

30Suff ic ient

10Insuff ic ie

nt18

Insuff ic ient

40 (for 30 person)

3) Consul t ing rooms

16-20 20Suff ic ient

12Insuff ic ie

nt16

Suff ic ient

20

4) Director’s room

20-25 20Suff ic ient

12Insuff ic ie

nt16

Suff ic ient

16 + toi le t

5) Amphitheatre

20%of pl inth area

120Suff ic ient

------ ----- ----- ---- 120 to 150

6) Detoxif icat io

n ward

6m2 \person + toi le t

------ ---- 20Suff ic ient

12m2\person

Suff ic ient

6 + toi le t

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Requirements

Standard data

In sq m

Case s tudy 1

Muktangan

Remarks

Case s tudy 2

Freedom foundation

Remarks

Case s tudy3

DAIRRC

Remarks

Inference

7) Wards & dormitor ies

5m2 \ person + toi le t +

circulat ion

5m2\person

Insuff ic ient

3.5m2 \person

Insuff ic ie

nt

6.5m2\person

Suff ic ient

5 + toi le t+circu

lat ion

8) Yoga hal l 50(for 30 to 40 people)

50

Insuff ic ient

Open areaSuff ic ient

------ --- 120 to 150

9) Library 50 50

Insuff ic ient

--------- ---- ------ --- 120 to 150

10) Conference hal l

100 120Suff ic ient

- - - ------ ---- ----- --- 50 to 60

11) Dining & ki tchen

100-150 150Suff ic ient

-------- ----- 50Suff ic ient

120 to 150

12) Indoor sports hal l

150-200 ------- --- -------- ------ ----- --- 120 to 150

13) Group therapy room

30 (for 10-15pat ients)

120 open area

Suff ic ient

30Suff ic ient

40(semi covered)

Suff ic ient

30 (for every 20 to 25 pat ients)

44

Pr

Site study:

Site location: the proposed site for de addiction center is in Hyderabad, Andhrapradesh.

45

Hyderabad profile:

Hyderabad became the capital of the newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Located 650mts above sea level, the physiography of the city is dominated by hills, tanks, forests and rock formations.

The city is strategically located on the Indian map blending the cultures of North and South India,

National Highway No.7 and 9 passes through it.

It is a city of cosmopolitan character embracing people of different religions, languages and races.

The city has a number of universities, research and training institutions, including defence, police and administrative academies. Besides major industries both in state and central sectors, it is famous for tourist attractions like Charminar, Qutubshahi Tombs, Golconda Fort, Zoological Gardens, etc.;

Mohd Quli Qutub Shah founded Hyderabad in 1591 after the earlier capital city of Golconda became over crowded.

As per 2001 census, the population of Hyderabad Metropolitan Area was about 6.5 million, spread over an area of nearly 1864 sq kms. With decadal growth of 29% and ranking 6th in population among the major metropolitan cities in India.

The metropolitan area of Hyderabad was notified under the Andhra Pradesh Urban (Dev.) Act 1975 and termed as "Development Area". This consists of the MCH, 10 municipalities and a vast area under Gram Panchayats. In order to plan this composite area, the Government of Andhra Pradesh constituted the "Hyderabad Urban Development Authority"on second oct 1975.(HUDA).

HUDA has prepared two master plans and 20 Zonal Development plans for this area of which one master plan and 18 Zonal Development plans are already notified by law and in force

46

Justification for selecting hyderabad:

Hyderabad being a metropolitan city is developing in a fast rate. I consists of various educational, research & training institutes .

Many world famous tourist attractions like chairminar, golconda fort etc are located in hyderabad hence many people from other countries come here.

It is suitable for locating a de addiction center because these centers are mostly located in the metropolitan cities since awareness about such center is not much in other areas.

With the developmnt in the software field & industril field many multinational companies have spread their business in hyderabad in the last decade. This has given rise to the flow of excess population (migration) from the surrounding area into this metropolitan city. Growing population & conjetion is one of the causes for various social eveils including substance abuse.

The population census of this city according to 2001 census is growing at a rate of 29% per decade. Is is ranked 6TH in population among various cities of India.

Besides the high population of the city itself , it has a large catchments area. Various region in the surrounding depend on this city for medical & other facilities.

Hyderabad is the fifth largest city in India with an ancient civilisation and culture.  Hyderabad and Secunderbad are   twin cities, separated by the Husain Sagar river

Bidar

karimnagar

Gulbarga Hyderabad Nalgonda

Raichur Mahabubnagar

Main points considered:

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1) High catchments area2) Rapid growth in population

3) Rapid development in various fields

4) Awareness amongst the people

Building bylaws in hyderabad:

This building comes under the public & semipublic area, hence the bylaws applicable to this building is listed below

1) Minimum plot area:

Plot usage Minimum plot area:

Central & state offices, Research institutes,

Sports stadiums, swimming pools, Defense usage, Education institutes, Hospitals & Medical institutions

500 sq.m

2) Maximum permissible height of the building:

Road width Max.permissible height

Less than 12m 11.0m

12m to 18m 15.0m

Above 18m 15.0m

3) Maximum plot coverage:

a) Plot size below 300 sq.m As per the minimum building setback

b) Plot size 301 to 670 sq.m 60%

c) Plot size 671 to 2000 sq.m 50%

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d) Plot size above 2,000 sq.m 40%

4) Building setback requirements:

Width of the abutting road Front setback

a) Up to 12m 3.0m

b) Above 12m to 18 m 4.5m

c) Above 18m 6.0m

5) Rear & side setback: 3m or on fourth of the height of the building whichever is higher on each side.

6) Parking requirements: one car parking space of 20sq.m for every 100 sq.m of the built up area & fraction thereof.

Climatic data of Hyderabad:

HYDERABAD IS LOCATED 650M ABOVE SEA LEVEL

Latitude

Longitude

Andhra parades 16.00N 80.00 E

Hyderabad 17.20N 78.30 E

Temperature: o Maximum temperature: 40c; minimum temperature: 22c –

in summer Maximum temperature: 22c; minimum temperature: 13.8c –in winter

49

o Temperature usually rises by mid afternoon &evenings are cool, hence by late evening the temperature falls down

o Summer starts by the end of February & continues till first half of June.

Rainfall: maximum 89 cm (June to September)

Sky condition: the sky condition is generally clear except in the south west mansoon season it may be slightly cloudy

Wind: wind is generally light to moderate with some increase in force in the later half of summer & in the monsoon season.

Proposed site details:

The proposed site for de addiction center is located in HYDERADAD, ADDHRAPRADESH

The main approach road is 100 feet wide located towards south.

This road leads to Apollo hospital on the east & to panjagutta towards west.

The has two approach roads: one main road on south & other subsidiary road 12 m wide on east

The total plot area is 40625sq.m that is about 10 acres land

50

.

185 m

200m PROPOSED SITE 250m

N

Towards panjagutta MAIN ROAD Towards Apollo hospital

180 M

Site surroundings:

51

N

CANCER HOSPITAL

OPEN SPACE BUS STOP

PANJAGUTTA RESERVED FOR PARK

APOLLO HOSPITAL PROPOSED SITE

Residential area

Under development

Site justification:

This site is located fairly away from the city hence there is not much disturbance in the surroundings, yet it is convenient to reach.

Transportation facility for public: bus stop is close to the site hence it can be conveniently reached by bus from the city center.

52

Two roads adjoin the site, one main road 30m wide & other subsidiary road 12m wide, this can be advantageously used to provide separate public & service entrance

Many hospitals are located within the vicinity of this site: during the first stage of treatment that is the detoxification, the patients may undergo severe withdrawal symptoms & need to be given some intensive treatment for this the patients are taken to the hospitals. This site is near to many hospitals hence this is the main criterion for selection of this site.

This site is surrounded by hospital & residential area hence it is calm & is suitable for de addiction center

There is a park maintained by City Corporation near to this site, hence good view & atmosphere is created.

Site analysis:

Towards north Residential area under development

Hence there is not much disturbance towards this side

To east the road leads to the bus stop.

Silent zone

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Subsidiary This area is slightly disturbed by

Road can be used traffic noise

For service entry N

Idle point for

Public entry since it is near

To bus stop & circle

Opposite side of the site is the cancer hospital. The road abutting the site on the south side is the main approach road at the end of this road towards east is the bus stop.

Site analysis:

Th entire plot is divided into various zones according to the needs & variour blocks are placed.

Various blocks such as parking, waiting, A.D.M , outpatient department, in patient department common facilities etc are located in the plot as shown in the following figure.

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Inpatient area

Dining, therapy&

Other common

Facilities

Administration Out patient

& Waiting area Department

Entrance & parking

Exit Entry

Design guidelines:

The de addiction center mainly consists of four sub units:

The treatment & consolation area composed of staff office for individual & family care sessions & for administration purpose.

Conference therapy area for group therapy sessions & for observation of these sessions by the staff.

Inpatient area to accommodate hospital patient activities.

Area for therapeutic activities.

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Treatment & counseling area:

Counseling area for out patient & inpatient should be separately provided in order to maintain privacy to the inpatients.

The outpatient counseling rooms should preferably be provided near the entrance.

Visual privacy is not much important in the counseling cabins hence transparency can be maintained.

This room is used by the in charge for interviewing with the atient & family hence it should be near by 3mx3m in size

Conference & therapy area:

Conference room for the staff members should be provided within the campus, the location of this unit should be such that it is easily approachable by the people of the administration unit as well as the outsiders.

Therapy rooms for various therapies of the inpatients must be provided.

Group therapy rooms must be provided such that it can accommodate at least 25 to 30 patients.

Space for various facilities must be provided at the same time the various units must be able t o share as many common facilities as possible.

Inpatients accommodation facilities:

Inpatients accommodation mainly consists of two stages:

Detoxification ward for first stage of treatment General wards for later stage of treatment.

Detoxification unit:

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This is the ward, which is occupied by the patients in the first stage of there treatment. Hence it needs a very sensitive approach.

Each ward will accommodate not more than 8 patients and a staff in charge to observe the patients activities through out the day

These wards need close supervision by the doctors’ 7 staff nurses.

These wards are generally locked up hence the toilet facilities should be provided so that they can be approached form with in the ward

The patients in this stage are mainly confined to bed hence the sill level should be at lower level so that they can have the view of the surrounding from the bed.

Keys or some such devices, which are under the control of the staff, should operate the windows & doors of these units

General wards:

The patient occupies these types of the wards during the later stage of treatment. They stay here for 2 to 3 months

The in patient wards must have sufficient privacy so that the visitors do not see the in patients.

The orientation of these wards must be such that patient north, it is not preferable to have facing towards south or west.

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The factor, which governs the ward design, is: need for natural light & ventilation & the positioning & size of the beds.

Each ward should contain not more than 30 patients & one bath& w.c must be provided for every 5 to 6patients

The patient’s bed must be accessible from three sides & this sets the limits for overall room size.

The room must be wide enough for a second bed to be wheeled out of the room without disturbing the first bed.

Table of principle dimensions, expressed per bed:

Length of bed 2.00 m

Width of bed 0.90m

Height of bed 0.65 m

Distance between head Of bed to wall 0.10m

Distance between bed & window 0.80m

Spacing of beds side to side 0.75m

Spacing of bed end to end 2.20m

Course of treatment & requirements:

Out patient counseling waiting area

Once in 7-15 days counseling rooms out patient course

Waiting & reception.

58

Entry Admission & Administration section

Counseling with

Family. Counseling room

Physician’s cabin

Inpatient course Detoxification

For 7- 10 days clinics

Detoxification ward

General wards

Psychological dining area

Treatment yoga, meditationhall

(1.5- 2months) library ,sports

Group therapy rooms.

Rehabilitation Transit ward

(15-20days)

Exit

Calculation of capacity of the de addiction center :

According to a survey report of hyderabad –secunderabad area, there are about 1500-1800 new out patients every day, covering the patients of private hospitals as well as government hospitals of both the city & district population.

Amongst these 1500-1800 new patients about 0.5-0.75% are addiction case

59

Therefore number of patients per day is about 9.

Most of the patients are referred to the center through general medical practitioners & private hospitals.

These patients are then screened in the center depending on the stage of addiction & are given treatment as either inpatients or outpatients.

Majority of the patients referred to the center are treated as outpatients

The patient is admitted as an inpatient only if the stage of addiction is chronicle

It is found that about 30-40% of the patients are admitted as inpatients.

The duration of course is generally for about 2 to 3 months.

Out of 10 patients inpatients per day are 2 to 3.

1500-1800 new patients out of which 9 are addiction case, 2 inpatients per day.

Duration of course is bout 60 to 75 days.

60

Therefore total number of inpatients for a course of treatment may be approximated to 120.

Hence the de addiction center is designed to accommodate about 140 inpatients.

Concept of planning:

Natural atmosphere Psychological stability

Security

Enclosure with freedom

Proper zoning

Natural atmosphere: An addict is usually disturbed mentally & needs peace of mind. Quite &serine atmosphere helps in the speedy recovery of the patients. The atmosphere should be such that it inspires the patients to stop addiction

Psychological stability: The mental stability of the patient is disturbed, he is not as sound as a common man hence he can not digest irregular forms & complicated movement pattern hence as far a possible regular forms & easy movement is adapted.

Security: security in terms of both patient & the staff that is , the patient should feel secured as well as the staff should be able to examine the activities of the patient.

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Transperancy of space for easy supervision.

Use of boundary walls, gates etc.

Enclosure with freedom: The campus must not have a typical institution or hospital kind of atmosphere, it should be a combination of open & closed spaces so that the patient does not feel as if he is locked up in a jail & can relax. At the same time proper security must be maintained hence only one entry is provided to the campus to regulate the movement

Proper zoning: The entire campus is divided into various zones according to the needs such as public zone, semipublic zone & private zone. This helps to provide sufficient to the required areas as well as reduces the congestion within the campus.

Public zone: Administration block, waiting lobby reception etc

Semipublic zone: out patient department, conference hall etc

Private zone: general wards, detoxification wards, therapy rooms of inpatients etc.

Common circulation area is used o link one zone to another.

Inpatient area

Common facilities like

Dining, sports etc

Common

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Circulation area

Administration Out patient

Block Waiting & department

Reception

Entrance

INDEX

S.NO TOPICS

PAGE

01 Introduction 01

02 Causes of addiction 02

03 Drug abuse in India 04

04 Rate of drug consumption in various cities of India

05

05 What is addiction? 07

63

06 Types of abused substances 08

07 Design methodology 09

08 Literature study 10

09 Case study –1 Muktangana , pune 14

10 Case study-2 freedom foundation, Bangalore 27

11 Case study 3- DAIRRC , kushivali 37

12 Comparitive area analysis 41

13 Site Study 43

14 Design guide lines 53

15 Concept of planning 58

16 Final Design proposal 59

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