A. The last stand of reform1. Causes and background 2. Contents of the reforms 3. Reasons for the failure of reforms4. Effects of the reforms

B. The rise of the Chinese revolutionary movement1. Political and social dynamics2. Sun Yat-Sen and his revolutionary career3. The establishment of the Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui)4. Activities of the Revolutionary Alliance, 1906-1910

C. The 1911 Revolution and the end of the Qing Dynasty1. Immediate causes2. The Wuhan Uprising on (10 October 1911)3. Yuan Shikai and Sun Yat-Sen4. Significance of the 1911 Revolution n China

D. The failure of the early republic1. The Second Revolution in 1913 2. Yuan Shikai and the provinces3. Yuan Shikai and the restoration of a monarchy 4. The failure of the republican form of government in China

1912

1904

Huang Xing

Chefs de file du Huaxinghui

Song Jiiaoren

Yuan Shikai

Le premier gouvernement de la République en 1912

Drapeau de la République chinoise (1911-1928)