dd/mm/yyyyyref/titleslide 1 measuring environmental impacts david mell knowledge manager – nerip...
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dd/mm/yyyyyRef/TitleSlide 3 Problem? What Problem? …TRANSCRIPT
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 1
Measuring Environmental Impacts
David MellKnowledge Manager – NERIP
Conversation with NERIP, 7 November 2007
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 2
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1990
1991
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inde
x19
90=1
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GDP
Greenhouse gasemissions
Kyoto target
Measuring Environmental Impacts
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 3
Problem? What Problem? …
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
inde
x19
90=1
00
GDP
Greenhouse gasemissions
Kyoto target
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 4
… the shape of the regional economy is changing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%M
anuf
actu
ring
Publ
ic S
ecto
r
Busi
ness
Serv
ices
Tour
ism
,Tr
ansp
ort a
ndD
istri
butio
n
Con
stru
ctio
n
Prim
ary
Per
cent
age
of G
VA
by
Sec
tor
1992
1997
2002Percentageof North EastGVA
Manu-facturing
Public Sector
BusinessServices
Tourism,Transport, Distribution
Con-struction
Primary
Manufacturing accounting for less
Services accounting for more
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 5
Production and Consumption Perspectives
Place of Production
Plac
e of
Con
sum
ptio
n
UK Abroad
UK
Abr
oad
Goods and services produced and consumed in UK
Imports: consumed in UK, produced elsewhere
Exports: produced in UK, consumed elsewhere
Rest of the World
Consumption Focus
Prod
uctio
n Fo
cus
Complementary perspectives
Production: Efficiency, technology, etc
Consumption: Behaviour, lifestyles, etc
REAP: Addresses the consumption perspective
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 6
UK CO2 Emissions
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
HouseholdCapital investment
GovernmentOther
Emissions fromproduction
Emissions fromconsumption
10.76 t/cap 11.81 t/cap
CO
em
issi
ons
t/cap
2
Understanding whether numbers are quoted from a production or consumption perspective is vital
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 7
Ecological Footprint
The land area required to provide continuously all the natural resources and services for the consumption of a given population wherever that land might be
Measured in global hectares per capita(gha/cap)
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 8
Comparative Ecological Footprints
W Europe 5.1gha/cap
UK: 5.4gha/cap
USA: 9.5gha/cap
China: 1.5gha/cap
World:• Supply 1.8gha/cap• Demand 2.2gha/cap
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 9
The challenge for regional development
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 10
Overview of
Resources and Energy Analysis Program Key outputs
• Ecological Footprint (gha/capita)• Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO2/capita)
Based on detailed analysis of how the UK economy works
Has a consumption focus Can be used to make environmental assessments
of policy Developed by the Stockholm Environment
Institute• WWF and SCP-Net are key partners
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 11
REAP User InterfaceNE Footprint = 5.185 gha/cap
Final demands of the economy
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 12
Footprints can be disaggregated by type of consumption
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 13
Using REAP as an interactive database
Explore footprints by geography Explore components of footprints
4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6
casttyne
newcdurhberwalnwnortteesdarlblyt
chesstocsoutgateredcmiddsundderwwanssedghart
weareasi
EFP (gha/cap)
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 14
North East Household Footprint: Top 10 Sources
Food
Domestic fuel and landconsumption
Catering services
Electricity and gasdistribution
Private transport (car fuel)
Transport services
Other recreational items &equipment
UK resident holidays abroad
Purchase of vehicles
Household appliances
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 15
Consumption behaviour is measured using over 100 separate variables
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 16
We can explore policy options by creating scenarios ….
Modify one or more consumption behaviour variables
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 17
… and looking at the impacts
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 18
Key points
REAP measures impact of consumption behaviour• Outputs: footprint measures (CO2, ecological)
• Inputs: consumption behaviour (~100 variables) Policy scenarios
• Views of how consumption behaviour might change in response to policy interventions
• Effect of such changes on footprint measures The holy alliance
• Policy wonks and modelling nerds
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 19
But does this mean anything in the real world ?
Examples of REAP in action• Evaluation of housing policy: Leeds City Region• Tees Valley Footprint Report• Evaluation of impact of regional strategies on climate
change: Y&H Assembly• Up and coming: evaluation of sustainable transport policy
Consumption perspective (REAP)• Influencing individual behaviour• Regional vs local roles
Production perspective• Other tools: REEIO, development of regional
environmental accounts (DUBS Model)
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dd/mm/yyyyy Ref/Title Slide 20
Measuring Environmental Impact Regional stages of development
Stage 1: Awareness• Aware of need to engage with tools like REAP and REEIO • Cautious policy users, sometimes frustrated technical users • Evaluations contracted out
Stage 2: Stepping Forward• Policy and technical users starting to work together• Developing evidence base that is influencing key regional
documents• Clear home for the evidence base agreed
Stage 3: The confidently capable region• Policy users can frame ideas in terms of “evidence base”• Technical users extending/developing the “evidence base”