O

David Sandalow, Julio Friedmann,

Colin McCormick, Sean McCoy,

Roger Aines and Joshuah Stolaroff

December 11, 2019

Madrid, Spain

DRAFT FOR COMMENT

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INNOVATION FOR COOL EARTH FORUM (ICEF)

Under the initiative of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the Government of Japan has annually

hosted a global conference called “Innovation for Cool Earth Forum (ICEF)” since 2014.

ICEF provides opportunities to raise awareness and promote discussion on the latest

trends of climate action through innovation of energy and environmental technologies

as well as to expand the international network of leading figures of industry, academia and

government.

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ICEF STEERING COMMITTEE

17 ex17 perts from 12 countries.

Nobuo Tanaka(Chair)President, The Sasakawa Peace FoundationFormer Executive Director, International EnergyAgency (IEA), Japan

Kenji YamajiVice chief director-General, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE);Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo, Japan

Sally M. BensonProfessor, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, School of Earth Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, United States

Eija-Riitta KorholaDelegate of the Consultative Commission on IndustrialChange, Adviser in the EU affairs, Finland

Reiko Kuroda Designated Professor, Institute of Science and Technology Research, Chubu University, Japan

Richard K. LesterAssociate Provost, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, United States

Ajay MathurDirector General, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI),Member of the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change, India

Valli MoosaFormer Minister for Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa

Nebojsa NakicenovicDeputy Director General and Deputy CEO, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria

Vaclav SmilDistinguished Professor Emeritus, University ofManitoba, Canada

Laurence TubianaCEO, European Climate Foundation; Chair of the Board of Governors,French Development Agency; Professor, Sciences Po Paris, France

Itaru YasuiPresident, Institute of Promotion for Sustainable Society; Honorary Adviser, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Japan

Georg ErdmannProfessor, Berlin University of Technology, Germany

David SandalowInaugural Fellow, Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, United States

Ismail SerageldinFounding Director Emeritus, Library of Alexandria, Egypt

Hoesung Lee Chair of the IPCC Endowed Chair Professor, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Korea

Jon MooreChief Executive Officer of Bloomberg New Energy Finance, United Kingdom

ICEF Steering Committee Members: 2018-2019

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ICEF ROADMAP PROJECT

These are available at ICEF website: https://www.icef-forum.org/

David Sandalow, Julio Friedmann,

Roger Aines, Colin McCormick,

Sean McCoyICEF Fourth Annual Meeting

November 14, 2017 -- Bonn, Germany

ICEF Carbon Dioxide Utilization

Roadmap 2.0

We analyzed three CO2 utilization opportunities:

Near-term:

Mid-term:

Long-term:

Cement &

Aggregates

Chemicals

Durable

Carbon

Materials

Apple theater: Carbon fiber roof

WWW.METHANOL.ORG

Small-Scale Production: Primus Green Energy

• Primus had developed a range of flexible gas-to-liquids systems that can produce methanol, DME or gasoline.

• The systems are simple and economical at scales as low as 500 MMBtu/day.

• Feedstocks: flare gas; stranded ethane; pipeline natural gas; excess syngas from underutilized reformers.

Primus Green Energy: methanol plant

Slags – Big financial & real estate burden for steel industries

“In2015,thecompanyhadanetlossof$200millionfor10MTsteelbusiness.”“$20million wasspenton5MTslagmanagement.”

“Anareaof0.3km2 willbefilledupbyJune2016ifslagcannotbesold.Weneedtoleasemoreland.”- StrategymanageratamajorChina-basedsteelcompany

BaotouSteelinChina

Elemental concentration (wt%)

CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 MnO FeO

40.3 13.1 9.03 1.26 4.39 29

§MainchemicalcompositionsofprocuredBasicOxygenFurnace(BOF)steelslagsfromBaotouSteel

GreenOre project: Baotou, China

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• Improved catalysis

• Reactor design that takes advantage of

advanced manufacturing technology

• Integration of CCU with CCS

• Identification of barriers to scale-up

Cross-cutting R&D needs

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2. Carbon Price

Policy support is essential

3. Mandates

1. Government support for R&D

4. Pipeline development

8. Product labeling

5. Government procurement

6. Lifecycle assessments

7. Certification and testing

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Key Messages

• R&D required to bring most products to market

• Market development will require policy support

• Life cycle assessment is key

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ICEF CO2 Utilization Roadmap 2.0 (2017)

David Sandalow, Julio Friedmann,

Colin McCormick and Sean McCoy

COP24

December 10, 2018 – Katowice, Poland

Direct Air Capture of Carbon DioxideICEF Roadmap 2018

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) essential for meeting climate goals

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• CDR is additional and complementary to conventional mitigation

“All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5°C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century.“ – IPCC 1.5°C Report (2018)

Original applications:

• Defense (aerospace & submarines)

New applications:

• Climate mitigation

• Distributed CO2 production for

commercial use

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Direct Air Capture (DAC)An engineered process to separate CO2 from ambient air

DI

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DIRECT AIR CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Important attributes of direct air capture

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• Can be located anywhere

• Technical capacity: effectively unlimited

• Small footprint and water needs

• Inherent challenge: dilute stream

magnifies costs

• Practical limit: low-carbon power and

heat

Current systems and companies

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Climeworks Carbon Engineering Global Thermostat

• Sorbent-based• Modular design

(50 t/y)• Three operating

commercial projects:• Zurich (food)• Iceland (CDR)• Italy (C2V)

• Solvent-based• All units have catalog

numbers + internal innovation

• Published cost estimates

• Operating CO2-to-fuel project

• Sorbent-based tech• Claim v. low heat of

recovery, low opex• Pilot plant in Palo

Alto (SRI)• Strong partners• Operating plant:

Alabama (food)

Key R&D needs (1)

Improving DAC efficiency, cost, & performance

• Improved contactors

• Better solvents and sorbents

• More efficient designs

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Key R&D needs (2)

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Ensuring low-C outcomes

• Low-C heat

• Life-cycle assessments

• Dynamic loading with renewable systems

2. Tax Incentives

Policy support is essential

3. Carbon Price

1. Government support for R&D

4. Low Carbon Fuel Standard

5. Mandates

6. Government procurement

7. Life-Cycle Assessments

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Key Messages

• Direct air capture technologies exist today, but are

expensive

• Several important benefits to DAC

• RD&D is essential to making DAC commercial

• Many policy options available

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Direct Air Capture of CO2

ICEF Roadmap (2018)

O

David Sandalow, Julio Friedmann,

Colin McCormick, Sean McCoy,

Roger Aines and Joshuah Stolaroff

October 10, 2019

Tokyo, Japan

DRAFT FOR COMMENT

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CO2 emissions from industrial heat production are 5 Gt/year --

~10% of global CO2 emissions

More than cars + planes combined

CAIT (2017); IEA (2017, 2019)0

Heat

Electric power for industry

Process

Non-CO2

Waste

Gig

ato

ns

CO

2e

5

10

15

Direct & indirect industrial emissions

Cars/LDV

Aviation

Car & plane emissions

Key industries

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Cement

Iron and Steel

Chemicals

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Observations about low-C industrial heat

Lack of scholarship and data

• Very few papers on industrial heat production

• Data are scarce and disaggregated

• Lots of hypothetical new processes, very little on

existing facility modification

Few options:

• Nuclear heat unsuitable (temperature)

• Solar thermal – limited availability

Complexity of industrial heat production is daunting

1) Introduction

2) Technology Options

• Hydrogen

• Electrification

• Biomass/biofuels

• CCUS

3) Case Studies

• Cement

• Steel

• Chemicals & refining

4) Policy Options

5) Innovation agenda and roadmap

6) Findings and Recommendations

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ICEF Industrial Heat Decarbonization Roadmap

Table of Contents

• Important, challenging problem, with much more

work needed

• H2, biomass, electrification and CCUS offer

potential solutions.

• We need better options – RD&D essential

• Many policy options available

• Government procurement is particularly powerful

tool.

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ICEF INDUSTRIAL HEAT DECARBONIZATION ROADMAP –

KEY MESSAGES

DRAFT FOR COMMENT

FAILURE IS NOT AN OPTIONhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cYzkyXp0jg

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ICEF 2020