david agnew & john pearce mrag ltd, london
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Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing: the economics of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing and the impact of IUU Fisheries on ACP countries. David Agnew & John Pearce MRAG Ltd, London. Estimates of Illegal fishing worldwide. Global losses : $10 – 23 billion annually - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing: the economics of
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing and the impact of IUU Fisheries on ACP countries
David Agnew & John Pearce
MRAG Ltd, London
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AfricaAmericasAsiaEurope
Governance IndexIU a
s p
rop
ort
ion
of
rep
ort
ed c
atch
Global losses : $10 – 23 billion annuallyCompare with illegal logging: $15 billion
Estimates of Illegal fishing worldwide
Impacts
EJF: Pirate fish on your plate. Photo on
unlicensed far east trawler off West Africa
• Economic: • loss of revenue from licensing • loss of multiplier effects – fish not
landed/transhipped• Loss of potential export
• Ecological:• damage to stocks – overfishing• damage to sensitive ecosystems• bycatch/overlap species• birds, turtles, sharks, mammals killed
• Social: • conflict with domestic / artisanal
fishers• food security/livelihoods jeopardised• undermine rule of law
Directing effort against illegal fishing
Low
Tuna
Closed areaZone
violationUnauthorised
gears
Unlicenced (or wrong licence)
Unlicenced / wrong licence
/ gear
Zone violation
Unlicenced Destructive
gearsMiss
reporting
Direct loss of revenue
M M M M L L L M M
Indirect loss of revenue
L L L L L L L L L
Indirect downstream loss of revenue L L L L L L L L L
Target stock status
H M M M M M M M M
Overlap stock status
M L M L L L M M M
Food security L M M L L M L L M
ConflictsL H M L L M L L M
SafetyL L L L L L L M M
Bio
log
ical
So
cial
Eco
no
mic
Low
Impacts
Shrimp and demersals Small pelagics Artisanal
IUU level > High Medium
• Vulnerability assessment for Angola
Key problems for Sub-Saharan Africa
• Foreign vessels– Unlicensed and unmanaged (loss of licence fee,
landing fees, loss of catch value and economic multipliers)
– Fishing in prohibited areas (reserves, artisanal fishing areas)
– Fishing with illegal gears (undersized and discarding)
• Artisanal vessels– Unregulated fishing (loss of fish to neighbouring state
markets)– Fishing with illegal gears
Understanding the economics
IUU vessels can engage in operations if
Benefits > Costs
Value of fishing > penalty of being caught
Upsetting the balance
IUU NO IUU
Benefits of IU Costs of IUBenefits of IU Costs of IU
•Strong MCS•High probability of sanction•High sanctions•Catch Documentation / Traceability Schemes•Strong social policy
•High Price and Demand•Ease of Access •Low operating costs•High catchability•High volume - ease of laundering
•Corruption•Lack of Governance•Weak Regulatory Framework•Weak import / export control
•Control of overcapacity (capacity, subsidies, clear national and regional management policies)•Control of distant water fleets (reflagging, fisheries agreements)
Decreasing BenefitsDecreasing Benefits Decreasing CostsDecreasing Costs
Increasing BenefitsIncreasing Benefits Increasing CostsIncreasing Costs