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DAVAO CITY

September 3, 2019

Grand Regal Hotel, Davao City

2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Profiles of the Households and Individual Members

Socioeconomic Status

• refers to the social standing or class of an individualor group. It is often measured as a combination ofeducation, income and occupation.

Adapted from APA’s Socioeconomic Status Office publications

https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications

Operational DefinitionsWealth Index• The wealth index is a composite measure of a

household's cumulative living standard. The wealthindex is calculated by principal component analysisusing data on household’s ownership of selectedassets, materials used for housing construction andtypes of water access and sanitation facilities.

Wealth Index• The wealth index categorizes the households into 5

wealth quintiles , allowing us to see how the commonhealth and nutrition indicators differs between thepoor and non-poor.

• For the provincial and HUCs estimates, wealth statusare classified as poor for the bottom 30% of theincome group and the non-poor for the upper 30%.

Operational DefinitionsHighest Educational Attainment*• refers to the highest grade/year of formal schooling completed by each member of the household and not the

total years attended• Regrouped into:a) none - no grade completedb) elementary level - the stage of formal education concerned with providing the first six years of basic education.c) secondary level - the stage of formal education following the elementary level concerned primarily with

continuing basic education and expanding it to include the learning of employable gainful skills, usuallycorresponding to four years of high school

d) college level - the stage of formal education following the secondary level covering non-degree programs thathave varying duration for three months to three years, concerned primarily with developing strong andappropriately trained middle-level skilled manpower possessing capabilities supportive of nationaldevelopment.

e) others - Alternative Learning System, SPED , Arabic Schooling

* Phil. Standard Classification of Education (PSCEd)

Operational DefinitionsOccupation

• The occupation of each individual members of thehousehold, 10 years old and above in the past 6 months

• 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Codes (PSOC) isa statistical classification of the different occupationalgroups of the working population, including the militarywork force in the country

Sociodemographic Profile• refers to groupings or categories created commonly used

to describe certain population groups:a) age - refers to the exact age of each household

member as of his/her last birthdayb) sex - refers to the sex of the household member as

males and females c) type of residence - urban-rural classification

d) Civil status - status of an individual in relation to marriage and classified as:

a) single - a person who has never been marriedb) married - a person who has been united in matrimony with another person of

opposite sex through a religious or civil rites. To be considered married, the coupleshould still be living together, or if living apart from each other, the separationmust only be temporary (e.g. working elsewhere, attending seminars, etc)

c) separated - a person whose partner has left permanently, with or without legal sanctions.d) widowed - a person who has been married before, whether formally or

consensually but his/her partner has died and has not remarried at the time ofvisit.

e) common law/live-in – those who live together consensually with another ashusband or wife

Operational Definitions

Operational Definitions

Household• an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily

bound by ties of kinship, who sleep in the same housing

unit and have a common arrangement for the

preparation and consumption of food.

Operational DefinitionsHousehold Head• person who generally provides the chief source

of income for the household unit• adult person, male or female, who is responsible

for the organization and care of the household or who is regarded as such by the members of the household

Davao City

Profile of Households

Household Size

Mean 4.3

More than 5

members22.6% 47.3%

Sex of Household Members

Male Female52.7%

5 members

and below77.4%

Age groups n (%)

0-23 months 126 3.9%

24-71 months 363 11.0%

72-120 months 390 10.4%

>10-19 years 698 19.7%

20-59 years 1,747 46.9%

60 years and over 388 8.1%

Population Groups

Women of Reproductive Age

n (%)

29 3.4%

80 9.0%

802 87.6%

Profile of Household Heads

Sex

Male Female

Civil Status

78.5% 21.5% 4.47.9

15.3 13.6

58.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Separated Single CommonLaw/Live-in

Widowed Married

Occupation

Educational Attainment

0.8

26.9

45.8

26.5

010203040506070

No education Elementarylevel

Secondarylevel

College level Others

0.0

0.32.8

3.33.3

4.54.3

14.414.2

17.819.8

15.2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Special Occupations

Not classified

Clerks

Professionals

Officials of the gov't, Corporate executives, managers, supervisors

Technicians and associate prof

Craft and related traders workers

Laborers and unskilled workers

Service Workers

Plant and machine operators

Farmers, Forestry workers, Fishermen

FOOD SECURITY

“exists when all people, at all times,

have physical and economic access

to sufficient, safe and nutritious food

that meets their dietary needs and

food preferences for an active and

healthy life”.

(World Food Summit, 1996)

FOOD INSECURITY

“limited or uncertain availability of

nutritionally adequate and safe foods or

limited or uncertain ability to acquire

acceptable foods in socially acceptable

ways”

(Institute of Nutrition, 1990)

When recurrent

leads to hunger

and hunger

when prolonged

results to

malnutrition

Questionnaire

METHODOLOGY

nine-item questionnaire

based on the respondent’s perception over food

situations, resources or supply

self-reported experience in the past month

Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)

HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY ACCESS SCALE (HFIAS)

Percentage of households by food security status: Philippines, 2015 vs. 2018

33.9

12.3

31.921.9

46.1

12.3

28.8

12.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure

Moderately FoodInsecure

Severely FoodInsecure

2015 2018

Percentage of food insecure households : 66.1% vs. 53.9%P

erc

en

tage

* *

* Significantly different at 5% level of significance

Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Philippines, 2018

Percentage of food insecure households = 53.9%

3.3

7.3

7.7

19.1

33.8

37.8

43.2

47.5

50.3

96.7

92.7

92.3

80.9

66.2

62.2

56.8

52.5

49.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Experienced going a whole day and night without eating

Experienced going to sleep hungry

Had no food of any kind in the household

Ate a fewer meals in a day

Ate a smaller meal

Ate food they really do not want to eat

Ate just a few kinds of food

Unable to eat preferred food

Worried about foodYes No

%

Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:

Philippines, 2018

46.1

18.0

84.1

49.6

37.944.3

51.853.9

82.0

15.9

50.4

62.155.7

48.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

PHILIPPINES Wealth Quintile(Bottom 20%)

Wealth Quintile(Upper 20%)

1-5 members More than 5members

Male Female

Food Secure Food Insecure

Pe

rcen

tage

Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head

Food Security Status

Davao City, 2018

Percentage of households by food security status:Davao City, 2018

46.1

12.3

28.8

12.8

0

20

40

60

80

100


ModeratelyFood Insecure


Philippines

%

90% Confidence Interval

LL 44.1 11.7 27.1 11.2

UL 48.0 12.9 30.5 14.4

46.8

13.6

31.3

8.3*

0

20

40

60

80

100


ModeratelyFood Insecure


Davao City

%

90% Confidence Interval

LL 43.5 11.6 28.5 6.9

UL 50.0 15.7 34.0 9.8

* p

Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Davao City, 2018

Percentage of food insecure households = 53.2%

1.8

4.7

4.9

15.5

34.4

40.0

42.8

48.4

51.8

98.2

95.3

95.1

84.5

65.6

60.0

57.2

51.6

48.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Experienced going a whole day and night without eating

Experienced going to sleep hungry

Had no food of any kind in the household

Ate a fewer meals in a day

Ate a smaller meal

Ate food they really do not want to eat

Ate just a few kinds of food

Unable to eat preferred food

Worried about foodYes No

%

Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:

Davao City, 2018

46.8

21.6

58.349.4

38.144.5

58.553.2

78.4

41.750.6

61.955.5

41.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

Davao City Poor Non-poor 1-5 members More than 5members

Male Female

Food Secure Food Insecure

Pe

rcen

tage

Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head

*

* p

Summary

Food insecurity is higher among households:

Davao City

Poorer Households (bottom 30%)

Households with >5 members

Male headed households

Nutritional Status of Filipino Preschool-Age Children

in Davao City

Magnitude and Severity Cut-off points (WHO, 1995)

Magnitude and Severity Prevalence Group for

Wasting*

Acceptable 15%

Magnitude and

Severity

Prevalence Group

for Underweight*

Prevalence Group

for Stunting*

Low 40%

Magnitude

and Severity

Prevalence Group

for Underweight**

Low 5-9%

Medium 10-19%

High 20-39%

Very High >40%

Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight, stunted, and wasted among

children under 5 years old, and among adults, 19 years old and over, as public health problem

*Under-5 years old (0-228 months)

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in the Philippines and Davao City: ENNS, 2018

17.4

30.9

5.1 4.5

0

10

20

30

40

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Davao City

19.1

30.3

5.6 4.0

0

10

20

30

40

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Philippines

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-

for-Height

Lower

Limit17.7 28.2 5.2 3.6

Upper

Limit20.5 32.4 6.1 4.3

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-

for-Height

Lower

Limit13.6 26.6 3.3 2.8

Upper

Limit21.1 35.1 7.0 6.2

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018

17.4 17.5 16.9

24.7

12.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Male Female Poor Non-Poor

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Underweight

30.9 32.828.2

44.3

20.0

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Stunting

*

5.1 5.7 4.46.4

5.0

0

10

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Wasting

4.56.1

2.94.7 5.6

0

10

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Overweight-for-Height

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018

in preschool-age children

Prevalence of anemia among preschool-age children 6 mos to 5 years old(6-71 months) in Davao City: ENNS, 2018

14.3

18.6

22.4

17.4

0

10

20

30

Philippines Davao City Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI Philippines Davao City Male Female

Lower

Limit12.8 13.0 14.4 5.6

Upper

Limit15.9 24.3 30.4 29.1

PREVALENCE OF IDD AND VAD

• Urinary iodine excretion and the determination ofIDD is not covered among preschool-age children.

• Serum retinol and the determination of Vitamin Adeficiency (VAD) is in-progress.

Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices

Breastfeeding Practices

Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices

69.2

54.9 50.6

33.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

Timelybreastfeeding

initiation

Exclusivebreastfeeding

Continuedbreastfeeding

at 1 year


at 2 years

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Philippines

69.859.0

33.5 30.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Timelybreastfeeding

initiation

Exclusivebreastfeeding


at 1 year


at 2 years

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Davao City

90% CI

Lower

Limit65.2 51.2 45.4 29.3

Upper

Limit73.1 58.5 55.9 37.0

90% CI

Lower

Limit61.1 42.7 6.0 13.7

Upper

Limit78.5 75.3 61.0 48.0

Complementary Feeding

Practices

MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY

Proportion of children 6-23 months of age

who receive foods from 4 or more food

groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food

groups:

Minimum Dietary

Diversity:

6. Vitamin A rich fruits &

vegetables

7. Other fruits & vegetables5. Eggs

1. Grains, roots and tubers

2. Dairy Products

3. Legumes and Nuts

4. Flesh Meat

Minimum Meal Frequency

Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed

children 6-23 months who received solid,

semi-solid, or soft foods consumed at the

minimum number of times per day

Defined as:

2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old

3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old

4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old

Minimum

Meal

Frequency:

Minimum Acceptable Diet

Proportion of children 6-23 months

meeting both the minimum dietary diversity

and the minimum meal frequency to

ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy.

Minimum

Acceptable

Diet:

Proportion of children 6-23 months, by complementary feeding practices

31.9

98.6

18.9

0

20

40

60

80

100

Minimum DietaryDiversity

Minimum MealFrequency

MinimumAcceptable Diet

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Davao City

23.0

89.0

13.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

Minimum DietaryDiversity

Minimum MealFrequency

MinimumAcceptable Diet

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Philippines

90% CI

Lower Limit 21.1 87.6 12.4

Upper Limit 24.9 90.4 14.4

90% CI

Lower Limit 24.3 97.1 12.4

Upper Limit 39.4 100.2 25.4

*

Summary• Underweight and stunting prevalence are of “medium and high” public

health concern among preschool-age children.• Wasting prevalence among preschool-age is still within the acceptable

range at

Nutritional Status of Filipino School-Age Children

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old in the Philippines and Davao City: ENNS 2018

23.3 25.7

7.2

14.5

0

10

20

30

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Davao City

24.9 24.6

7.611.6

0

10

20

30

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Philippines

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese

Lower

Limit23.1 22.8 7.2 10.4

Upper

Limit26.8 26.5 7.9 12.9

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight

& Obese

Lower

Limit19.1 21.2 5.7 11.2

Upper

Limit27.4 30.2 8.8 17.7

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018

23.3 24.8 21.125.8

20.4

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Underweight

25.7 25.2 26.3

36.0

19.3

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Stunting

*

7.2 7.2 7.55.4 6.5

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Wasting

14.5 14.3 14.7

7.3

19.5

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Overweight & Obese

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018

*

in school-age children

Prevalence of anemia among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Davao City: ENNS, 2018

13.5

10.6 9.7 10.3

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90%

CIPhilippines Davao City Male Female

Lower

Limit11.8 7.0 5.4 4.0

Upper

Limit15.2 14.1 14.0 16.6

Iodine Status among School-age children

in Davao City

11.5

7.5

5.0

11.0

0

10

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90%

CIPhilippines Davao City Male Female

Lower

Limit10.3 3.8 1.4 4.6

Upper

Limit12.7 11.3 8.6 17.4

180 182

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Philippines Davao City

Me

dia

n

90% CI Philippines Davao City

Lower

Limit177.6 163.9

Upper

Limit183.2 200.0

*Iodine Intake

Summary• Underweight and stunting among school children are of public health

problem with mild and moderate severity, respectively.• Overweight has emerged to be a growing problem among school-age

children.• Anemia prevalence is a public health problem with mild to moderate

severity.• Iodine intake of school-age children is adequate based on median urinary

iodine excretion though there still a proportion with low iodine level.

Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents

Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

26.3

11.3 11.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Stunting Wasting Overweight/obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES

26.7

9.0 11.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

Stunting Wasting Overweight/Obese

DAVAO CITY

90% CI

LL 24.7 10.5 10.7

UL 28.0 12.1 12.5

90% CI

LL 22.1 6.3 8.0

UL 31.4 11.6 13.9

Prevalence of Stunting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

26.723.6

29.4

38.7

23.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Male Female Poor NonPoor

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Prevalence of Wasting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

9.0 9.9 8.19.3

8.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

11.0

14.0

8.4

5.6

13.1

0

5

10

15

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

76.382.2

0

20

40

60

80

100


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI

LL 74.8 77.4

UL 77.7 87.0

Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

82.275.1

88.482.7 84.2

0

20

40

60

80

100


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

4.0

2.5

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI

LL 3.7 1.3

UL 4.4 3.6

*

Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

-

2.5

4.9

0.4

3.7

1.9

0

2

4

6

8

10


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Proportion of current drinkers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

16.814.8

0

5

10

15

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI

LL 15.2 12.7

UL 18.4 16.9

Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

8.19.9

0

2

4

6

8

10


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI

LL 7.4 3.5

UL 8.8 16.2

Significance Mild Low to Mild

Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old by sex: Davao City, 2018

9.9 9.6 10.4

0

5

10

15

20

All Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Summary• About 1 in every 4 adolescents in Davao City are stunted; those

belonging to poor households have significantly higher prevalence than

those in non-poor households

• Adolescents belonging to non-poor households have significantly

higher prevalence of overweight and obese than those in the poor

households

• Majority of adolescents were insufficiently physically inactive

Summary• A small proportion of adolescents in Davao City were found to be

current smokers but this is significantly lower than the national

estimate.

• About 1 in every 10 adolescents in Davao City were anemic and tends

to be higher than the national estimate, though not statistically

significant.

Nutrition Situation of Women of Reproductive Age in Davao City

DAVAO CITY

6.0

37.5

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

CED Overweight and Obese

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, 2018

PHILIPPINES

7.8

35.3

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)CED Overweight and Obese

90% CI CED Overweight and Obese

Lower Limit 4.4 35.1

Upper Limit 7.5 40.0




Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: Davao City, 2018

20.117.0

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI LL 17.5 3.2

UL 22.8 30.8

DAVAO CITY

8.1

34.8

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

CED Overweight and Obese

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesityamong lactating mothers, 2018

PHILIPPINES

11.0

28.5

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)CED Overweight and Obese







11.6 12.514.4

31.0

010203040

Philippines Davao CityPre

vale

nce

(%

) Non- Preg/Lact Lactating

90% CI NPNL Lactating






Prevalence of anemia among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old:

Davao City, 2018

Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE ) among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old :

Davao City, 2018



Upper Limit 172.1 106.5Iodine Intake

11.3 12.321.2 26.7

01020304050

Philippines Davao CityPre

vale

nce

(%

)Non- Preg/Lact Lactating







Prevalence of UIE below 50ug/L among lactating mothers and non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Davao City, 2018

SUMMARY

• 1 in every 3 non- pregnant/non-lactating women, and lactating mothers wereoverweight/obese in Davao City.

• Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women in Davao City is not significantly differentfrom national prevalence at about 1 in every 5.

• Anemia tends to be higher among non-pregnant/non-lactating and lactating women inDavao City than the national estimate.

• There exist a mild iodine deficiency among lactating women in Davao City based on medianUIE.

Health and Nutritional Status ofFilipino Adults

DAVAO CITY

Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency

and Overweight and Obesity among Adults,

20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018

13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.38.0

16.620.2

24.026.6

28.431.1 31.1

37.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

Nutritional Status of Adults, 20-59 years old:

Philippines, 2015 and 2018

9.0

24.7

7.26.9

28.8

9.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic EnergyDeficient

Overweight Obese

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

***

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old:

Philippines and Davao City, 2018

6.9

28.8

9.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic EnergyDeficiency

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

PHILIPPINES

4.6

33.4

10.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic EnergyDeficiency

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 6.6 28.4 9.3

UL 7.1 29.2 9.9

90%

CI

LL 3.7 31.2 8.9

UL 5.5 35.5 11.5

**

4.66.4

3.5 3.9 4.3

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

3.75.3

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018

8.1

3.0

0

5

10

15

20

Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

33.4

22.9

33.4

41.1 39.7

10.26.7

9.4

14.712.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

31.734.5

7.6

12.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Overweight and Obesity among Adults, 20-59 years old,


23.2

37.5

6.2

11.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

Poor Non-Poor

■ Overweight ■ ObeseDifferent letters represent significant difference between

groups at 10% level of significance

(a)

(b)

(a)

(a)

(b)

(b)

Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist

Circumference (WC)° among Adults, 20 years old

and above: Philippines, 2003-2018

2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9

17.019.0 19.9

23.1

18.5

23.5

0

10

20

30

40

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

Male Female

° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females

12.1 11.16.9 8.0 7.1 8.3

54.8

65.5 62.5 63.257.9

63.7

0

20

40

60

80

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

Male Female

*

*

Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio

(WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old and above:

Philippines, 2003-2018

° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females

Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among

Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

13.5

35.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

High WaistCircumference

High Waist-HipRatio

Pre

vale

nce (

%) PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 13.2 34.9

UL 13.8 35.7

13.5

36.6

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-HipRatio

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

) DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 12.1 33.6

UL 15.0 39.6

13.5

5.6

13.6

17.820.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

4.0

21.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Male Female

High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20-59 years old,


10.4

15.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Poor Non-Poor* ** significantly different at 10% level of significance

Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°, 20-59 years old, by sex,

place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2018

9.3

6.0

12.7

8.3

5.2

11.2

0

5

10

15

ALL Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

) 2013 2018

9.07.6

0

5

10

15

Rural Urban

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

9.0 8.6 8.5 8.27.1

0

5

10

15

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

° excluding pregnant or lactating women

Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°,

20-59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

8.3

0

5

10

15

20

Anemia

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 7.7

UL 9.0

9.4

6.2

12.3

0

5

10

15

20

Anemia Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 7.2

UL 11.5

° excluding pregnant or lactating women

*


Trends in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure°

among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018

22.021.0

22.525.3

22.323.9

19.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement,systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or adiastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004)

Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults,

20-59 years old, by age group and sex:

Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

20.8

9.1

16.7

28.3

36.3

16.0

5.5

11.7

22.2

30.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

) 2015 2018

25.3

16.920.2

12.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

*


* * * * **2013 2018

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults,

20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

90% CILL 15.6 14.6

UL 16.4 18.6

16.0 16.6

0

5

10

15

20


Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

16.6

5.6

13.2

24.6

30.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

21.8

12.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Male Female

Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old,


16.4 16.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Poor Nonpoor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

3.4

4.85.6 7.9

2.7

4.3

8.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL

Impaired blood sugar: 110-125 mg/dL

Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar

among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018

High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults,

20-59 years old, by age group and sex:


4.7

1.0

3.2

6.3

10.6

6.7

1.6

4.7

8.6

12.9

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

5.1 4.3

6.8 6.6

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

*


*

2013 2018

*

Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults,


90% CILL 6.2 3.6

UL 7.2 5.9

6.74.8

0

5

10

15

20


Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

*

4.8

1.5

3.7

7.6 7.3

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

5.54.3

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group and sex: Davao City, 2018

Current Smoking° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1998-2018

32.7 34.8 31.0

25.423.3

20.7

0

10

20

30

40

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on aregular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group, sex and place of residence:



*

24.0 25.0 23.9 23.4 23.621.5 22.0 22.5 20.3 20.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

44.5

6.3

41.33

5.77

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

2015 2018

*

Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults,


90% CILL 20.7 17.0

UL 22.4 19.3

21.518.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

*

18.213.9

24.4

17.2 16.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

39.6

3.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,


26.5

14.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

Poor Non-Poor* ** significantly different at 10% level of significance

55.7 55.2 57.1 54.7 55.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

64.4

31.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male Female

Pro

po

rtio

n (%

)

Binge Drinking° among currently drinking Adults,

20-59 years old, in the past 30 days,

by age group and sex: Philippines, 2018

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men or4 or more standard drinks in a row for women in thepast 30 days

*


Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking

Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days:

Philippines and Davao City, 2018

90% CILL 53.3 38.5

UL 58.1 45.2

55.7

41.9

0

20

40

60

80


Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

*


41.9 39.5 42.3 38.7

52.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

53.8

17.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male Female

Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently

drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days,


42.7 41.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Poor Non-Poor*


Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and place of residence:


40.745.0

40.237.3 38.9

40.645.7

40.337.0 37.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

2015 2018

28.0

51.6

32.9

46.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male Female

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

2015 2018

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week

- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults,


90% CILL 38.1 38.7

UL 43.1 46.3

40.6 42.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status:

Davao City, 2018

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week

- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

42.548.8

39.442.8

36.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

36.4

46.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male Female

35.3

46.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

Summary (Adults) Chronic energy deficiency is significantly lower

than the Philippine estimate, especially in adults

coming from the poor households.

Overweight and obesity, including android obesity

(high WC and WHR) have emerged to be a growing

problem in Davao City.

Anemia is of “mild” public health significance and is more

prevalent among women

Raised blood pressure increased with age and

significantly higher in men.

Summary (Adults) High fasting blood sugar is significantly lower

than the national prevalence.

Current smokers in Davao City is significantly

lower than the national proportion and is more

common among men.

Proportion of binge drinkers among current drinkers is

significantly lower in Davao City.

Physically inactive adults are slightly higher than the

national estimates, particularly among women.

Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Elderly

DAVAO CITY

Nutritional Status of the Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines, 2018

17.221.3

4.8

13.4

24.7

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic Energy Deficient Overweight Obese

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

* *** significantly different at 5% level of significance

Chronic Energy Deficiency among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

13.411.4

0

10

20

30


Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

90% CILL 12.9 7.7

UL 14.0 15.2

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

24.7

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

PHILIPPINES

21.3

9.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 23.9 5.9

UL 25.5 6.8

90%

CI

LL 16.8 7.1

UL 25.9 11.5

*


3.3 3.5 2.9 2.7

4.8 5.0 4.9

0.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over

Pre

vale

nce (

%) 2015 2018

2.1

4.7

2.7

7.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

Rural Urban

2015 2018


*2015 2018

High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place

of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

22.224.2

20.015.8

27.925.8

23.820.6

0

10

20

30

40

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

16.1

28.2

21.6

34.5

0

10

20

30

40

Rural Urban

2015 2018


2015 2018

* * *

High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES,

60 years old and above, by age group, and

place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place of

residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

12.8 13.5 11.9

8.7

15.9 16.4 16.0

9.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

2015 2018

9.4

16.6

11.4

21.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rural Urban

2015 2018

2015 2018

High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place

of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

64.1 67.2 59.9 55.6

72.0 73.8 69.7 65.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%) 2015 2018

57.9

70.066.577.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rural Urban

2015 2018


* ** * * *

2015 2018

Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among

Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

17.8

47.7

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-Hip Ratio

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

PHILIPPINES

15.4

46.6

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-Hip Ratio

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

DAVAO CITY

90% CILL 17.1 46.7

UL 18.6 48.690% CI

LL 12.4 41.6

UL 18.3 51.5

Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex,

place of residence, and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

20.823.0

19.120.223.3

17.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ALL Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

21.718.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rural Urban

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

24.121.1 21.8

16.8 17.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2018

2018

2013 2018

Prevalence of Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old

and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

20.222.2

0

10

20

30

40


Pre

vale

nce (

%)

90% CILL 17.7 16.3

UL 22.8 28.1

Prevalence of UIE below 50 µg/L among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by

sex, place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

35.332.2

25.320.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Rural Urban

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

) 2013 2018

37.9 37.4 34.9 33.2

25.930.6

24.6 24.818.7 18.5

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

33.829.8

36.9

23.3 22.4 24.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

* * * *

* * *

* significantly

different at

5% level of

significance

Percent distribution of UIE values among the Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

15.018.8

24.027.6

8.95.8

7.8

15.5

23.8

30.4

12.99.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Median UIE and Prevalence of UIE below 50 µg/L among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

108.0 101.0

0

50

100

150

200


Med

ian

UIE

(m

cg/L

)

23.3 26.5

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90%

CI

LL 105.2 86.0

UL 110.3 116.690% CI

LL 20.4 19.6

UL 26.3 33.3

*Iodine Intake

41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6

35.0 33.837.1 36.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

40.8 41.536.8

33.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2015 2018

* * **

Elevated Blood Pressure° among the ELDERLY, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex:



*

2015 2018

° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressureof 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher- 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004)

High Fasting Blood Sugar among the ELDERLY,

60 years old and above, by age group and sex:


11.012.5

9.2

6.4

13.815.3

11.8

5.9

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

10.611.4

13.8 13.9

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

)

2013 2018

2013 2018

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar

among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

35.0

13.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

Elevated BloodPressure

High Fasting BloodSugar

Pre

vale

nce (

%) PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 33.7 12.2

UL 36.2 15.5

38.5

12.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

Elevated BloodPressure

High Fasting BloodSugar

Pre

va

len

ce

(%

) DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 32.4 6.4

UL 44.6 17.6

19.2 21.217.0

11.816.3 18.8

12.69.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%) 2015 2018

32.0

9.4

28.2

7.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pro

po

rtio

n (%

)

2015 2018

Current Smoking° among the ELDERLY,



*

* significantly different at

5% level of significance

2015 2018

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day)or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

*

52.6

45.1

61.8

77.6

50.645.4

56.6

70.6

0

20

40

60

80

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

42.9

59.9

44.7

55.0

0

20

40

60

80

Male Female

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

2015 2018

Physical Inactivity among the ELDERLY,



2015 2018

16.3

50.6

0

20

40

60

80

Current Smokers Physically Inactive

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

PHILIPPINES

12.6

53.3

0

20

40

60

80

Current Smokers Physically Inactive

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

DAVAO CITY

90%

CI

LL 15.5 48.5

UL 17.1 52.7

90%

CI

LL 9.7 47.1

UL 15.6 59.5

Proportion of Current Smokers and Physically Inactive Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018

Summary (Elderly) Chronic energy deficiency is slightly lower in Davao City

compared with the national estimate. While overweight

including android obesity (high WC and WHR) are

essentially the same. Obesity is significantly higher in

Davao City.

Anemia is of “mild” public health significance.

Iodine intake based on median UIE is adequate, but still

pockets of IDD exist among the elderly.

Summary (Elderly) About 4 in every 10 elderly (38.5%) had elevated blood

pressure. This is slightly higher compared with the

Philippine estimate. High fasting blood sugar is also

significantly lower.

Smoking is lower in Davao City compared with the

national estimate.

About half (53.3%) of the elderly in Davao City are

physically inactive.

Davao_SES_FS_0902019 - cleared_CAD_091819Davao City_Children, adolescents, WRA_cleared_CAD_091819DAVAO CITY Dissemination ADULTS & elderly presentation_cleared_CAD091819

davao cityenutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/uploads/2016_enns... · 2019. 9. 26. · davao city,...

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