2010-French-Indian War/Amer Revolution Exam

• Average = 78.4

• High = 94

2009 French Indian War- Revolutionary war Exam

• Class Average: 78

• High: 87

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• 1. (p. 101) In the mid 1770s, the relationship between the British Empire and the American colonies was characterized by  a. most Americans being happy with their membership in the empireb. the British trying to continue the policies of the last hundred yearsC. most Americans becoming disillusioned with the empired. the British growing more like the Americans in their ideas and institutionse. most Americans taking loyalty oaths to the Crown

• 3. (p. 103-104) During the late 1600s and early 1700s, French settlement in North America was characterized by the  a. development of manufacturing in Quebecb. decline of their fur trade with the Indiansc. absence of any significant expansion of their territoryD. toleration of the Indians' way of lifee. lack of any effort to convert the Indians to their religion

10. (p. 115) The Mutiny (Quartering) Act of 1765 was resented by the colonists because  a. they could now be prosecuted on mutiny charges

for refusing to provide quarters for troopsb. they were required to quarter troops who served no purpose other than to oppress themc. some colonies were exempt from the laws provisionsD. colonial contributions of lodging and supplies for British troops were made mandatorye. they had never quartered troops in the past

11. (p. 117) Following the "Boston Massacre" of 1770, Samuel Adams stirred up public outrage and then helped to create a committee of 

•  a. vigilanceb. military trainingC. correspondenced. revolutione. public safety

12. (p. 117-118) Colonial leaders based their opposition to British policies on the philosophies of •  

A. all the answers belowb. John Locke, who was a political theoristc. Scots, who viewed the English as tyrannicald. Puritans, who were religious refugees from Englande. radical ideas from British opponents of the government

• 19. (p. 128) As the Revolutionary War began, most Americans believed they were fighting for  a. their independenceb. the acquisition of more territoryc. representation in the British ParliamentD. a redress of grievances against the British Empiree. an overthrow of the colonial upper class

• 20. (p. 130) In 1781, the states ratified a plan for a decentralized national government of the United States that was called the  a. United States ConstitutionB. Articles of Confederationc. Declaration of Confederationd. Confederate States Constitutione. Declaration of Independence

• 21. (p. 132-133) As commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, George Washington  A. all of the answers belowb. displayed serious shortcomings as a military commanderc. faced mutinies among his troops and an attempt by Congress to replace himd. became the indispensable man because he held the army and the country together throughout the ware. earned the respect of nearly all patriots

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• 7. (p. 114) When accused of treason for predicting that George III would lose his head if British policies toward the colonies were not reversed, _____ supposedly replied: "If this be treason, make the most of it." 

• Written by 2nd Continental Congress2nd Continental Congress during War and took effect in March 1781

FAIL!

““All Men Created Equal”All Men Created Equal”•Mason Dixon Line

set the precedent over dividing the country

over slavery.

•Ohio River would be Ohio River would be the dividing boundary the dividing boundary

between North and between North and South.South.

1790 voting

WMAWMA 21 yrs. old, 21 yrs. old, educated and educated and property owner…….property owner…….

Several states would Several states would drop property drop property qualifications and qualifications and education…….education…….

Written by 22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress during War and took effect in March 1781… Becomes the Confederation Confederation

CongressCongress

•Founding Fathers were determined not to have a king…..

•Our first constitutionconstitution (law of the landlaw of the land) and attempt to create a democratic democratic

governmentgovernment based on the ideas of DOI .DOI .

A/C chart

The United States in The United States in 17871787

A/C chart

2. Confederation Government2. Confederation Government“Treaty of Cooperation between the states”govt. of loosely organized statesEach state independent and conducted their own affairsCreated a weak national govt. which had little powers to solve US problems States held more power than US govt.Would unite in times of crisis.

GovernmentGovernment StructureStructure

•Congress--1 branch•Confederation

Congress•No executive branch

or president…•No judicial system…..

•One vote per state regardless of size

State State ResponsibilitieResponsibilitie

ss•Obey Articles and acts

of Congress•provide funds and

troops when “requested”“requested” by

Congress•States regulated own trade and taxed each

other•States had their own

currency

Powers of Powers of CongressCongress

•Make war and peace

•make treaties•build navy and

army•settle disputes among states

•set up monetary system

3. Major Problem3. Major Problem: Created a weak national govt that could not tax, regulate trade or enforce its laws because the states held more power than the National Government.

11 22 33Go To Go To Section:Section: 44 55

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation4. The Articles of Confederation established a

“firm league of friendship” among the States.

Chapter 2, Section 3Chapter 2, Section 3

ObligationsObligations

•The States promised to obey Congress.

•Respect the laws of the other States.

•Most other powers were retained by each

State.

22 4411 55

Confederation Confederation CongressCongress

•Congress was given the power to declare war.

•Deal with national finance issues.

•Settle disputes among the States.

•Request funds (taxes from taxes from statesstates) to pay off debt

A unicameral (1 house) Congress 13 out of 13 states to amend or change Constitution.Representatives were frequently absent.Could not tax, raise armies or regulate trade.No executive to sign or enforce the law.No judicial branch to settle disputes between the states.Could not enforce its laws.

Major ProblemMajor Problem

Could not tax, regulate trade or enforce its laws

because the states held more power than the National

Government.

Why?Why?Feared a tyrannical government like King George

Major ProblemMajor Problem

Could not tax, regulate trade or enforce its laws

because the states held more power than the National

Government.

Why?Why?

Feared a government like

King George

•13 colonies had a tradition of governing governing themselves…..

•Elected their own representative law making bodies.

•Passed laws to keep peace within their communities.

• Colonies had a tradition oftradition of representative democracyrepresentative democracy.

•That’s why they fought the Revolution.

•The Confederation Confederation CongressCongress created a

National GovernmentNational Government based on representative representative

democracydemocracy.

National Govt.AOC/Congress given 20% of govt.powers

States given 80% of governmental powers…States were over the National Govt.

Fearing a strong central govt. like King George the AOC created a weak National

Government that was not given the

power to tax, regulate trade or

enforce their laws.

EFFECTSCould not deal

effectively with US problems.

CurrencyCurrency

• States had their own currencyStates had their own currency

Foreign DebtForeign Debt

$11,710,000$11,710,000

Federal Domestic DebtFederal Domestic Debt

$42,414,000$42,414,000

State DebtState Debt

$21,500,000$21,500,000

We owed France, Spain and other countries who helped us with the Revolutionary War.

We owed France, Spain and other countries who helped us with the Revolutionary War.

debt

Individual states owed citizens who loaned money

to their state.

Individual states owed citizens who loaned money

to their state.

US Govt. owed soldier’s for fighting in

the war, debts to British and Loyalists.

US Govt. owed soldier’s for fighting in

the war, debts to British and Loyalists.

$80 Million$80 Million

•Disputes with US over land claims led Spain to build forts.

•Disputes over the Mississippi River

Jays

British were to remove their troops from US soil…..The National Government under the AOC was

powerless to force Great Britain to honor the Treaty of Paris, 1783

Disputed Territorial ClaimsDisputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the US: Between Spain & the US: 1783-17961783-1796

Indian Land Cessions: Indian Land Cessions: 1768-1768-17991799

7. Northwest Territory 7. Northwest Territory

USA

Northwest Territory

■Grid system was created by Thomas Jefferson…

■Promoted an orderly expansion westward..

■Confederation Congress convinced states who claimed

land out west to cede their land to the US Govt.

■US Govt. was to come up with a fair and reasonable land

policy…..Unlike the Proclamation of 1763….

Northwest Territory

Land Ordinance

Plot #16 was set aside for public education

Public Land sold for $1.00 to $2.00 an acre = pay debt

Northwest Territory

An addition to the Land Ordinance of 1785

Congress sold land in large blocks, 40, 80, 160,

320 and 640 acres.

$1 to 2$ an acre to help pay debt.

Encouraged settlers to form townships.New states formed would be = to original 13Influx of settlers causes violence with Indians

Guaranteed settlers “unalienable rights”

Northwest Territory

Ohio

1ST STEP

WHEN PEOPLE FIRST SETTLE IN

THE AREA:

Congress appoints a governor and three judges to govern the

territory

2nd STEP

5,000 FREE ADULT MALES:

Landowners elect a congress to make laws

and raise taxes with approval of governor. 1 representative is elected to the US Congress who can debate but not vote.

3rd STEP60,000 SETTLERS:

Becomes a state, with its own government and

constitution. New states admitted with same rights as the original states. No

more than 5 states can carved out of this area.

The Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance encouraged ideals of the DOI and republicanismDOI and republicanism ((representative democracyrepresentative democracy) religious freedom, protection of liberty and liberty and propertyproperty, encouraged educationeducation, admitted new states and no slaveryslavery..

Northwest Ordinance of Northwest Ordinance of 17851785

Shays

10. Daniel Shay10. Daniel Shay1785 to 1787, unfair taxes, debt and foreclosure

Farmer’s rebellion to overthrow Mass. Govt.

10. Daniel Shay10. Daniel Shay1785 to 1787, unfair taxes, debt and foreclosure

Farmer’s rebellion to overthrow Mass. Govt.

11. In early 1787 a group of small farmers protested against the Massachusetts govt.

Why? They were in debt, their homes being repossessed and unfair taxation.

They were led by Daniel Shays, a former army captain in the Revolutionary War.

The purpose of the rebellion was to prevent foreclosures by keeping the courts from sitting until the next election.

Shay’s Rebellion was put down by private army paid for by wealthy merchants from Boston.

12. The AOC was unable to put down the rebellion with a national guard or army.

Shays

Attacks by Shay followers

Encounters between Shay’s and hired militias.

13. Outcomes13. OutcomesRebellion put down Rebellion put down by a private militiaby a private militia

US Govt. too weak US Govt. too weak to put down to put down

rebellionrebellion

Americans feared Americans feared govt. too weak = govt. too weak =

anarchyanarchy

Call for a Call for a Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention to change to change AOC and create a stronger national government.AOC and create a stronger national government.

notes3

total chaos, mob rule, survival of the fittest, no

respect for law and order or attempting to overthrow the authority of govt. == unstable

govt. == no govt.

The Elites Response to The Elites Response to Shay’s Rebellion:Shay’s Rebellion:

Let us have { a Constitution } by which our lives,

liberties and properties will be secured....

Let us have { a Constitution } by which our lives,

liberties and properties will be secured....

“Respectable” Americans were shocked by the

violence. Feared “mobocracy”.

“Respectable” Americans were shocked by the

violence. Feared “mobocracy”.

The AOC was unable to act decisively in a time of crisis (could not protect could not protect

life, liberty and propertylife, liberty and property).

Provided all the evidence needed to finally convene and revise the

constitution.

Why was Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion such a concern to our founding fathers?

Why A New Why A New ConstitutionConstitution

The Elites Response to

Shay’s Rebellion15. The Annapolis Convention (1786)George Washington hosted a conference at his home in Mt.

Vernon, VA (1785)

Representatives agreed that the problems were serious enough to hold further discussions at a later meeting at Annapolis, MD, at which all the states might be represented

Only 5 states sent delegates

Alexander Hamilton and James Madison persuaded the others to call for a Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention, to be held in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation