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Achievement & Equality Team
Information on Hungary and the Hungarian (Magyar) language
Torn by misfortune for longGive them happy years
These people have expiatedThe past and the future
National Anthem of Hungary
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HUNGARY AT A GLANCE
Location – Central EuropeNeighbours – Austria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Serbia, CroatiaSize – 35,919 square milesPopulation – 9,905,596 (82nd)Life Expectancy – Male / Female 69/78Capital city – Budapest
Potted HistoryIn the late 9th century, Magyar tribes settled in the Carpathian basin and the Hungarian state was founded in 1000. In 1596 it was divided between Austria, the Ottomans and Transylvania, with Austria taking control in 1699. Hungary was reduced in size in 1918 after the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Soviet troops ended the German occupation in 1945 and communists established one party rule. A revolution in 1956 was crushed within weeks. The opening of its border with Austria in 1989 was a pivotal moment in the collapse of the eastern block.
Political pressure pointsHungary entered the EU in 2004. Huge fiscal problems have led to strict austerity measures and social tensions. The priority is to prepare Hungary to join the eurozone.
Population mix92.3% Hungarian; Roma 1.9%, Other 5.8%.
Religious makeup Catholic 55%, Other Christian 18%, Jewish 1%, unaffiliated 15%.
Main languages Magyar, Romany, German, Slovak, Croatian, Ukranian.
Living national icons Imre Kertesz (Nobel Prize winning writer), Attila Sandor Vajda (canoeist).
WebsiteNottinghamshire Achievement & Equality Team
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www.meh.hu
The Nottinghamshire Context
Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia became part of the EU in 2004. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007. This has enabled residents from these countries to have freedom of movement and the ability to work anywhere in the EU. This has meant increased migration to the UK for economic reasons. Migrants from these countries may work in low paid unskilled jobs, although be highly skilled in particular industries back in their home country. Some jobs may also involve shift work which can impact on family life and ability for parents to attend meetings.
Education in Hungary
All Hungarian children must attend the last year of nursery school (age 5 till 6) to prepare them for formal schooling. Ninety-five per cent of five year olds are enrolled in pre-school education.
Education is compulsory and free for all children between 6 and 16. There are three types of secondary schools: general secondary
schools, which teach business vocational schools, which teaching business skills, such as accounting as well as offering a general education; and vocational schools, which are attached to industry and teach a trade.
English is now the most commonly taught second language. There are bilingual schools in areas of Hungary that are populated by
minorities, which are Romanian, Slovenian and Ukrainian. There are also private and church schools. Only 40 per cent of Roma children complete elementary school (primary
school). New arrivals from Hungary are most likely to be Hungarian speakers,
although there may be children from minority communities. Good quality welcome arrangements can help schools identify
children’s home languages and cultures.
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Information about the Hungarian (Magyar) Language
Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language (more specifically an Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in seven neighbouring countries. The Hungarian name for the language is Magyar. As one of the small number of modern European languages that do not belong to the Indo-European language family, Hungarian has always been of great interest to linguists.
There are about 14.5 million native speakers, of whom 9.5-10 million live in modern-day Hungary. Some two million speakers live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before World War I. Of these, the largest group live in Romania, where there are approximately 1.4 million Hungarians (see Hungarian minority in Romania on the Map provided above). Hungarian-speaking people are also to be found in Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Austria, and Slovenia, as well as about a million people scattered in other parts of the world.
As may be gathered from these facts, the original Hungarian people come form Asia, having long lived a nomadic life on the eastern slopes of the Urals. Forced to migrate westward between the 5th and 9th centuries A.D., they eventually reached the Danube where they setted in 896. Since that time the Hungarians have become completely Europeanized, with only their languge serving to reveal their Asian origins.
Hungary is considered extremely difficult for foreigners to learn, with its vocabulary largely from Asia and its grammar consisting of a number of complex features not to be found in other Western languages. The alphabet, however, is phonetic, with s pronouced sh(e.g., sör- beer), c pronounced ts (ceruza- pencil), sz pronounced s (szó- word), cs pronounced ch (csésze- cup), zs pronounced zh (zseb- pocket).
The many vowel sounds in spoken Hungarian are indicated by acute accents, umlauts, and the unique double acute accent which appears over o and u (bór- skin, fű-grass). The stress in Hungarian is always on the first syllable. The most noteable English word of Hungarian origin is coach, after the village of Kocs (remember cs = ch), where coaches were invented and first used. Others are goulash and paprika.
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Words and Phrases
English Hungarianhello sziagood morning jó reggelt kívánokgood afternoon jó napot kívánokgood evening jó estét kívánokgood night jó éjszakátit's nice to meet you örülök hogy találkoztunkthank you (very much) köszönöm (szépen)what is your name ? mi a neve ?what is the time ? mennyi az idő ?how are you ? hogy van ?i don't understand nem értemdo you understand ? érti ?i'm sorry (rettenetesen) sajnálomi beg your pardon elnézést kéreksee you tomorrow holnap találkozunkgood bye viszontlátásrado you speak english? beszél angolul?a little. egy kicsiti don't speak hungarian. nem beszélek magyarul.i only speak a little hungarian. csak keveset beszélek magyaruli understand. értem.i don't understand. nem értem.could you please say that again? megismételné, kérem?could you please speak more slowly? tudna lassabban beszélni? (formal)could you please write that down? leírná, kérem?what does .. mean? mit jelent az, hogy ..? yes igenno/not nembye! viszlát!/viszontlátásra!hi szia!please kérek/kéremthanks! kösz/köszi!excuse me! elnézést (kérek)!where? hol?which merre?when? mikor?how? hogyan?later késõbb
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day napweek hét
month hónapmorning délelõttnoon délafternoon délutánevening estenight éjszakatoday matomorrow holnapyesterday tegnapthe day after tomorrow holnaputánthe day before yesterday tegnapelõttto eat ennito drink inni street utcaroad útright/to right jobb/jobbraleft/to left bal/balrastraight egyenesenin front of szembenmonday hétfõtuesday keddwednesday szerdathursday csütörtökfriday pénteksaturday szombatsunday vasárnapi ényou te/önhe/she õit (this) ezit (that) azwe mithey õkzero nullaone egytwo kettõ (két)three háromfour négyfive ötsix hatseven hét eight nyolcnine kilenc
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ten tízbiology biologiachemistry kémiadesign and technology gyakorlati foglalkozásenglish angolenglish language angol nyelvenglish literature angol irodalomgeography földrajzgeneral studies általonos ismeretekhistory történelemmathematics matematikaphysics fizikasociology szociologiasports sporthead teacher iskola igazgatóstudent diák, tanulóparents szülőkschool iskolaregister névsorlesson órabreak szünetlunch hour ebéd időclass osztályclass mates osztály társtutor osztály főnökyear (age group) évfolyambook(s) könyv(ek)pen tollpencil ceruzahomework házi feladatfamily családparents szülőksiblings testvérekbrother fiutestvér (bátty, öccs)sister lánytestvér (nővér, hug)mother anyafather apagrandparents nagyszülőkgrandmother nagymamagrandfather nagypaparelatives rokonokfeelings érzelmekfeeling low lehangoltfeeling homesick honvágyhappy boldog
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lonely magányosmissing home (hungary) hiányzik az otthon (magyarország)sad szomoruread olvaswrite irspeak besyéllisten hallgatdo you understand? érted?is something bothering you? valami baj van?would you like to talk to me in private?
szeretnél velem beszélni bizalmasan?
i can ask for an inerpreter tudok kérni egy tolmácsot
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Useful guidance is available from:
New Arrivals Excellence Programme Guidance (2007) Ref 00650 – 2007BKT- ENwww.nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.ukThis resource is for primary and secondary schools and contains guidance on admission and developing classroom practice.
A language in common: assessing English as an additional languageQCA (2000) (QCA/00/584). www.qcda.gov.uk/resources/6200aspx This document sets out steps used in assessment of EAL, linked to English National Curriculum levels. It provides guidance and exemplifications.
Aiming High: guidance on supporting the education of asylum seeking and refugee children (DfES 0287 – 2004)www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/ethnicminorites/links_and_publications/AH_Gdnc_AS_RFG_Apr04?asylumguidance.pdf This guidance helps explain the value of an inclusive ethos and curriculum to all pupils.
Aiming High: meeting the needs of newly arrived learners of EAL (DfES 1381 -2005) www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/primary/publications/inclusion/newarrivalsInformation on working with newly arrived isolated EAL pupils in settings that have little or no access to EAL support.
Excellence and enjoyment: learning and teaching for bilingual children in the primary years (DfES 0013 – 2006PCK- EN)
Key Stage 3 National Strategy: Access and engagement in English:teaching pupils for whom English is an additional language (DfES 0609 – 2002)
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Publications/Catalogues are available from:
MUNDI Tel: 0115 8546418MundiGlobal Education CentreFoxhall LodgeFoxhall RoadNottinghamNG7 6LHwww.mundi.org.uk (under construction/Aug 2010)Mundi loan resources to schools in Nottinghamshire free for up to half a term e-mail: [email protected]
GRANT AND CUTLER Tel: 0207 734 201255-57 Great Marlborough Street, London'England W1F 7AYWeb: http://www.grantandcutler.com/index.htmlA one-stop shop for foreign language resources including language-learning material, reference books, technical dictionaries, literature, history, politics etc.
MILET Publishing Ltd Tel: 0207 603 54776 North End ParadeLondon W14 0SJEngland Web: http://www.milet.com
Milet publishers a wide range of bilingual picture dictionaries, including board books for use in early years settings.
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TRENTHAM BOOKS LTD Tel: 01782 745567Westview House,734 London Road, Stoke on Trent,UKST4 5NP Web: http://www.trentham-books.co.uk
Trentham publishes 'a wide range of titles plus seven professional journals, mainly in the field of education and social policy.
MANTRA LINGUA Tel: 0208 44 55 123Global House303 Ballards LaneLondonN12 8NPUKWeb: http://www.mantralingua.com .
Mantra Lingua creative learning resources Audio CDs, Big Books, e-books, fun tales, folk tales, friezes, games, language learning, packs posters, story props, toys videos and so on.
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Classroom Resources are available from:
Interactive video clips showing children teaching their home languages.www.newburypark.redbridge.sch.uk/langofmonth
The following website translates words, phrases and short paragraphs from English to Hungarian available atwww.foreignword.com .
The Dingle Granby Toxteth Education Action Zone website; Useful letters for parents translated into Hungarian available at: http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/letters
DLTK's Crafts for Kids features a variety images that can be used for creating pupils own subject-specific dictionaries.http://www.dltk-kids.com
Activities for ESL Students can be adapted for EAL pupils in primary and secondary schools. Has bilingual quizzes in large number of languages, available at http://a4esl.org
Omniglot writing systems and languages of the world available at http://www.omniglot.com
EMA Online resource base for teachers has been developed by Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester LAs with funding from the DfES, available at http://www.emaonline.org.uk .
Racist bullying, Advice designed for schools to dip in and out as appropriate for them and offers discussion topics and activities to stimulate debate and spark activity involving everyone in the school community, available at; http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/wholeschool/behaviour/tacklingbullying/racistbullying.
Teachernet states that a successful home–school relationship can be a key element in making a school stronger and more effective. In particular, it can make a real difference to groups of underachieving pupils and their families, available athttp://www.teachernet.gov.uk
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