data visualization in the humanities

8/3/2019 Data Visualization in the Humanities

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In Journalism and Academia, the Search for Sense-Making

Geoff McGhee

Bill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University

January 26, 2012

Data Visualization and the Humanities


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Environment and Resources

Economy and Political ScienceHistory and Culture of the West

Issue Areas


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Issue Areas


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Data visualization for journalismand scholarship

Issue Areas


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Some background


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A Decade in Infographics and Multimedia


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http://abonnes.lemonde.fr/elections-europeennes/visuel/2009/04/23/la-situation-economique-des-vingt-sept_1184601_1168667.htmlhttp://abonnes.lemonde.fr/elections-europeennes/visuel/2009/04/23/la-situation-economique-des-vingt-sept_1184601_1168667.htmlhttp://abonnes.lemonde.fr/elections-europeennes/visuel/2009/04/23/la-situation-economique-des-vingt-sept_1184601_1168667.html


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Study Year at Stanford

2009-2010 John S. Knight Journalism Fellowship
http://knight.stanford.edu/innovation/http://knight.stanford.edu/innovation/


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Databases and database management

Web application development

Visualization theory and techniques

Geographic information systems

Statistics

Back to School



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20-odd people in journalism,academia, research and art

Interviews About Data Visualization


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datajournalism.stanford.edu

Video Documentary
http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/


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Video Documentary


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Video Documentary
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Video Documentary


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Video Documentary

datajournalism.stanford.edu
http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/http://datajournalism.stanford.edu/


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Why Now?


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Dealing with Data

2003 estimate: 5 exabytes/day* new info

Open government/transparency movements

E-commerce, electronic record-keeping

Digitization of media (photos, music, books...)

Remote sensors, RFID tags, POS systems

Plummeting Cost of Storage

Data formats (XML, JSON, RDF ), APIs

Social media

Explosion of Electronic Information

* Exabyte = 1 million terabytes


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Finding meaning in a flood of data

Estimated 5 exabytes a day in 2003!

Increasing velocity of decision-making,

advent of real-time (or close) data Responsible use of powerful information

technology: smartphone tracking, facial

recognition, other data collection methods

Government, business and individuals

rethinking long-held habits in light of new,actionable information

Challenges of the 21st Century

Dealing with Data


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Bypass language centers, go direct to

the visual cortex

Leverage ability to recognize patterns,

visual sense-making Powerful graphics chips enable

animation, live data processing possible

Dealing with Data

Using the Eye-Brain Connection

Map of New Brainland

by Unit Seven via Flickr

The Promise of Data Visualization
http://www.flickr.com/photos/unitseven/2037246026/http://www.flickr.com/photos/unitseven/2037246026/


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Everyday Use of Data to Make Decisions

Maps, GPS with live traffic

Donation Dashboard

Farecast search results

Greatschools.org

Zillow, Trulia, real estate

search engines

SF Park

= Were learning things that used to be unknown,unknowable or impractical to know.

http://dd.berkeley.edu/user/index.phphttp://dd.berkeley.edu/user/index.phphttp://sfpark.org/http://sfpark.org/


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Google N-Grams Baby Name Voyager

and new insights about the past.

Gapminder: Human Development Over Time Immigration Explorer

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.gapminder.org/world/%23$majorMode=chart$is;shi=t;ly=2003;lb=f;il=t;fs=11;al=21;stl=t;st=t;nsl=t;se=t$wst;tts=C$ts;sp=6;ti=2006$zpv;v=0$inc_x;mmid=XCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1jiMAkmq1iMg;by=ind$inc_y;mmid=YCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1gkNuUEXOGag;by=ind$inc_s;uniValue=8.21;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1NHPC9MyZ9SQ;by=ind$inc_c;uniValue=255;gid=CATID0;iid=pyj6tScZqmEfbZyl0qjbiRQ;by=grp$map_x;scale=log;dataMin=294;dataMax=76977$map_y;scale=lin;dataMin=-1.2196;dataMax=26$map_s;sma=58;smi=1$cd;bd=0$inds=;modified=6http://www.gapminder.org/world/%23$majorMode=chart$is;shi=t;ly=2003;lb=f;il=t;fs=11;al=21;stl=t;st=t;nsl=t;se=t$wst;tts=C$ts;sp=6;ti=2006$zpv;v=0$inc_x;mmid=XCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1jiMAkmq1iMg;by=ind$inc_y;mmid=YCOORDS;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1gkNuUEXOGag;by=ind$inc_s;uniValue=8.21;iid=phAwcNAVuyj1NHPC9MyZ9SQ;by=ind$inc_c;uniValue=255;gid=CATID0;iid=pyj6tScZqmEfbZyl0qjbiRQ;by=grp$map_x;scale=log;dataMin=294;dataMax=76977$map_y;scale=lin;dataMin=-1.2196;dataMax=26$map_s;sma=58;smi=1$cd;bd=0$inds=;modified=6http://www.bewitched.com/namevoyager.htmlhttp://www.bewitched.com/namevoyager.htmlhttp://www.bewitched.com/namevoyager.htmlhttp://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=television%252C+radio&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=4&smoothing=3http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=television%252C+radio&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=4&smoothing=3


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Frame of Reference:


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Frame of Reference:Journalism


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STANFORD = TOOLS FOR VISUALIZATION

TRANSITION
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=cse


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http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=csehttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/arts/17digital.html?scp=1&sq=digital%2520keys%2520for%2520unlocking%2520humanities&st=cse


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Members of a digitally savvy humanists argue it is time to stop

looking for inspiration in the next political or philosophical "ism"

and start exploring how technology is changing our

understanding of the liberal arts.

The last frontier is about method, they say, using powerful

technologies and vast stores of digitized materials using

powerful technologies and vast stores of digitized materials that

previous humanities scholars did not have.

The New York Times
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republicofletters.stanford.edu
http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/


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Visualizing the Enlightenment
http://www.stanford.edu/group/toolingup/rplviz/http://www.stanford.edu/group/toolingup/rplviz/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/


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Mapping the Republic of Letters, Stanford University (2009)
http://www.stanford.edu/group/toolingup/rplviz/http://www.stanford.edu/group/toolingup/rplviz/http://www.stanford.edu/group/toolingup/rplviz/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/https://republicofletters.stanford.edu/


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What Now?


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What Now?


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What Now?

Founded by Stanford Historians


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Nexus of Collaboration


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For the American West



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Computer

Science/HCI

Natural Sciences/

Engineering

Social

Sciences


Bill Lane Center


Natural Sciences/

Engineering


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mappingtexts.stanford.edu

http://mappingtexts.stanford.edu/http://mappingtexts.stanford.edu/http://mappingtexts.stanford.edu/


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Journalism/

Communications

Humanities

Computer

Science/HCI

Natural Sciences/

Engineering

Social

Sciences

Bill Lane Center




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Bill Lane Center


Natural Sciences/

Engineering

Journalism/

Communications

Humanities

Computer

Science/HCI

Social

Sciences

Journalism


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Oso via Flickr

Embedded Journalists


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John McChesney

Veteran NPR Reporter

Multimedia field reportingStories on rural issues in contemporary WestAccompanying infographics and data vis

Video Documentaries


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John McChesney

Veteran NPR Reporter

Multimedia field reportingStories on rural issues in contemporary WestAccompanying infographics and data vis

Video Documentaries


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Blend of Journalism and Scholarship


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Probabilistic Topic Decomposition of an Eighteenth-Century American Newspaper

David J. Newman, Sharon Block, University of California, Irvine


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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The Data Slide Show


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Going Deeper


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"...Historical newspapers are currently being digitized at a scale

that is rapidly overwhelming our traditional methods of research.

The Chronicling America project (a joint endeavor of the NationalEndowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress), for

example, recently digitized its one millionth historical newspaper

page, and they will soon make millions more freely available online.

What can scholars do with such an immense wealth of information?

Currently, they cannot do much. Without tools and methods

capable of handling such large datasetsand thus sifting out

meaningful patterns embedded within themscholars typically find

themselves confined to performing only basic word searches

across enormous collections. While such basic searches can,

indeed, find stray information scattered in unlikely places, they

becoming increasingly less useful as datasets continue to grow in

size. If a search for a particular term yields 4,000,000 results, eventhose search results produce a dataset far too large for any single

scholar to analyze in a meaningful way using traditional methods."


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Challenges

THE EMPEROR BURIED GERMANYS RULER ENTOMBED WITH THE FATHERS R l

OCR Quality


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THE EMPEROR BURIED GERMANYS RULER ENTOMBED WITH THE FATHERS Royalty

ofMany Different Countries Witness the Ceremonies A Grand Pageant and Distinguished

Honor to the Dead Kaiser Hit funeral of Emperor William took place at Brlln on the Itith

Inst Ibo weather was tirain extremely cold and the troops wh were rungect four deepalong the louta taken By the funeral lorteje wore heavy cloaks The temperature had no

apparent effect upon the people and hundreds o thou sands o spectators occupied

the space behind tb soldiers while every window along the Uuter den Linden was crowd

ed All the heuses on the thorough re were covered with mourning and blbited flrgs with

black drapery At e street crossings massive pillars surmounted by Pnuslan eagles had

been erected The lamp posts were covered with crape an I at every fifty paies tuere werelargo candelabra bearing darning crea ceou Thn toot uL UeLfuneral pio cesslun

presented a miwtiinposiag is pect entirely in keeping with the deep snrro and reverence

ot the people Thn centre of the road wan ntrewn with gravel and fir branches In

Paruerplatz large stones entwined nil laurel were hung TheDuule burg gate < vaa

craped anil there was large arch in front of It upon which v re the words God lilts You Ihe

funeral service took place In th athedral In accordance with the pro gramme EmperorFrederick wai no present the weatuer being too revere t lit him exposing himself Thusei

ice beg n Kith a soft prelude in tb organ duri ng which tbe mourners be gun to assemble

Dr Korgcl the cour chaplain read passages troin the DOtb Psalm and verses 15 an 1 2H

of the 14th chapter of John The chnir sung I Know that my UoJeemcr Llvpth Pas sages

were then read from iaalu 101 and Timothy 4th chapter 8th versa the chaplain

concluding with the wirds 1 Blessed are the dead who dm in the Lordnow and evermore


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Next Steps


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Next Step


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data visualization in the humanities

Documents