data sharing what works… what doesn’t data sharing what works… what doesn’t lynda wayne,...
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Data SharingData Sharingwhat works… what doesn’twhat works… what doesn’t
Lynda Wayne, GeoMaxim/FGDCDr. Tim De Troye, SC GIS Coordinator
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
BackgroundBackground2008-2009
• South Carolina Geospatial AdministratorsAssociation (SC GAA) Data Policy survey shows lack of data policies in local government
2009• SC GAA develops guidelines for the
development of policies• SC GAA and GeoMaxim/FGDC survey national
community as to successes and failures with regard to data policies
• lessons learned compiled and guidelines drafted
A Process Framework for
Developing Local Government
Data Access Policies
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
For the record…For the record…Data sharing is valuable because the more data is used the:
• better it gets via broader QA/QC
• greater attention to you organization
• more opportunities to leverage data
• fewer competing data sets created
• more complementary data sets created
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Data Sharing SupportsData Sharing SupportsEmergency Response
If all sectors, public and private, can’t access critical information, lives can be lost
Economic DevelopmentIf they can’t find about you – they can’t come spend/invest their money
PlanningBad decision-making by others can have far-reaching effects on your community
Navigation Systems / Online MappingIf the route is wrong – you get the blame
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Differing Perspectives
Data Sharing IssuesData Sharing IssuesComplicated Data Sharing Agreements
Poor Data Documentation
Limited Capacity and/or Infrastructure
Personal Privacy and Public Safety
Data Control
Data Misuse and Exploitation
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Data Sharing AgreementsData Sharing Agreements
© The Simpsons
What Works:• Handshakes and trust• Collaboratively developed, effective,
standardized data sharing agreements
What doesn’t:• Formal agreements that include
imprecise language, serve as road blocks to innovative partnerships and add overhead
• Over-involvement on the part of Administration and Legal staff that attempt to cover all the bases
• AR GeoStor• U of Wisconsin
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Poor Data DocumentationPoor Data Documentation
What Works:• Providing metadata creation
and support in return for data access
• Support for community-wide metadata training and resources
What doesn’t:• Trying to create metadata for
another's’ data by guessing at how the data were created
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Balancing Right to Know and ConfidentialityBalancing Right to Know and Confidentiality
What Works:• Data standards that address privacy and
security issues• Edited/generalized versions that exclude
sensitive content• Public Record Laws & Data Sharing Policies that
address geospatial & establish guidelines as to who can access the data and how
• Recognizing that very little data is truly ‘sensitive’ • FGDC Data Access Guidelines
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
http://www.fgdc.gov/policyandplanning/Access%20Guidelines.pdf
FGDC Publication:
Access to Geospatial Data in Response to Security Concerns
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina ExampleSouth Carolina Example
• Home rule state – counties retain powerHome rule state – counties retain power• FOIA – interpretation varies between state FOIA – interpretation varies between state
and local governmentand local government• Many counties copyright/license data to usersMany counties copyright/license data to users• Prior gov to gov sharing of roads and imageryPrior gov to gov sharing of roads and imagery• Views of gov to gov sharing varies by countyViews of gov to gov sharing varies by county
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina – Building RelationsSouth Carolina – Building Relations
• CAP grant outreach to local government CAP grant outreach to local government • Build relationships first, ask for data secondBuild relationships first, ask for data second• Campaign on state uses of local data, stress Campaign on state uses of local data, stress
benefits to local community membersbenefits to local community members• Educate on importance of no data agreementsEducate on importance of no data agreements• Explain benefits of streamlined access to state Explain benefits of streamlined access to state
through data “collector” – minimize individual through data “collector” – minimize individual requests to countiesrequests to counties
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina – Expanding SharingSouth Carolina – Expanding Sharing
• Built on precedence Built on precedence of sharing centerlinesof sharing centerlines• Created inventory of address points/parcels – Created inventory of address points/parcels –
many counties have points, most have parcelsmany counties have points, most have parcels• Timeline:Timeline:
– After 1.5 years - asked for address pointsAfter 1.5 years - asked for address points– Six months later - asked for parcels (Six months later - asked for parcels (any formany form))– Six months later – asked for parcels/CAMASix months later – asked for parcels/CAMA
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina ParcelsSouth Carolina Parcels
Parcels Status
Complete
Waiting
OK w Agreement
Checking
No Sharing
Data Building
No Parcels
Parcels Status
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina Address PointsSouth Carolina Address Points
Address Points Status
Address Points Status
Complete - Address Points
Waiting
Complete - Parcel Centroids
OK w Agreement
Checking
No Sharing
Data Building
No Points
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina – Giving BackSouth Carolina – Giving Back
• Provide feedback on uses, caveats/storiesProvide feedback on uses, caveats/stories• Provide state-maintained data improved by Provide state-maintained data improved by
local data sharinglocal data sharing• Provide ungeocoded addresses for QA/QCProvide ungeocoded addresses for QA/QC• Ask for local government involvement on Ask for local government involvement on
projects that don’t involve money – continued projects that don’t involve money – continued demonstration of their value/expertisedemonstration of their value/expertise
• Giving back encourages Giving back encourages continued participationcontinued participation
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina – Avoiding BarriersSouth Carolina – Avoiding Barriers
• Never pay for data, if not a joint project Never pay for data, if not a joint project (imagery/LiDAR acquisition, etc.)(imagery/LiDAR acquisition, etc.)
• Educate on importance of avoiding Educate on importance of avoiding agreementsagreements
• NEVERNEVER ask local government to modify data ask local government to modify data– ESRI Data Interoperability ExtensionESRI Data Interoperability Extension– Model Builder can do the work for youModel Builder can do the work for you
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
South Carolina - ChallengesSouth Carolina - Challenges
• Must abide by local permissions granted – no Must abide by local permissions granted – no sharing with Feds at this point due to fear of sharing with Feds at this point due to fear of data getting pushed to public domaindata getting pushed to public domain
• Long timeline to effect a philosophy shiftLong timeline to effect a philosophy shift• Cannot force anyone to participate (a few hold Cannot force anyone to participate (a few hold
outs) – incomplete data coverage for stateouts) – incomplete data coverage for state• Maintaining relationships is labor intensive, Maintaining relationships is labor intensive,
but pays offbut pays off
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Balancing Right to Know and ConfidentialityBalancing Right to Know and Confidentiality
What Doesn’t:• Wholesale approaches that
eliminate sharing of all ‘potentially’ sensitive data
• Over-involvement on the partof Administration and Legal personnel that attempt to cover all the bases
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Maintaining Data ControlMaintaining Data ControlWhat Works:
• Earnest dialog about concerns and solutions
• Data stewards / trusted sources • Data lineage guidelines • Data management models that
allow the use of data that is maintained in your system
What doesn’t:• Treating public data as a private
resource
• NC Orthoimagery• LA Lineage Guide
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Data Misuse and ExploitationData Misuse and ExploitationWhat Works:
• Metadata, metadata, metadata with valid ‘Use Constraints’, ‘Distribution Liability’ and ‘Purpose’ statements
• Clearly stated license/copyright requirements and mandatory acknowledgement by the consumer
• Making data freely accessible so consumers use current version
What doesn’t:• Confusing misuse with innovation
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Limited Data Sharing Capacity & InfrastructureLimited Data Sharing Capacity & Infrastructure
What Works:• $ - especially if designated to build and
maintain data sharing capacity (new data collection, hardware, software, training, etc)
• A simplified process that adds no burden to the data provider
• Documenting return on investment to warrant capacity building
What doesn’t:• One time payments for data that are
not tied to capacity building
Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t
Differing PerspectivesDiffering PerspectivesWhat Works:
• Approaching data providers with a proposal
• Data consumers that inquire as to the data providers needs and bring something to the table: $, services, data…
• Approaching data sharing as a cooperative partnership
What doesn’t:• Demands for data