data and knowledge management
DESCRIPTION
5. Data and Knowledge Management. Discuss ways that common challenges in managing data can be addressed using data governance. Define Big Data, and discuss its basic characteristics. Explain how to interpret the relationships depicted in an entity-relationship diagram. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Data and Knowledge Management
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1. Discuss ways that common challenges in managing data can be addressed using data governance.
2. Define Big Data, and discuss its basic characteristics.3. Explain how to interpret the relationships depicted in
an entity-relationship diagram.4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
relational databases.5. Explain the elements necessary to successfully
implement and maintain data warehouses.6. Describe the benefi ts and challenges of implementing
knowledge management systems in organizations.
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1.Managing Data
2.Big Data
3.The Database Approach
4.Database Management Systems
5.Data Warehouses and Data Marts
6.Knowledge Management
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[ [ Opening Case Opening Case Tapping the Power of Tapping the Power of
Big Data Big Data ]]
• What We Learned from This Case
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About About [small] [small] businessbusiness
Rollins Automotive
5.1
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Managing Data5.1
• The Difficulties of Managing Data
• Data Governance
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Difficulties in Managing Data• Data increases exponentially with
time• Multiple sources of data• Data rot, or data degradation• Data security, quality, and integrity• Government Regulation
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Multiple Sources of Data
• Internal Sources– Corporate databases, company documents
• Personal Sources– Personal thoughts, opinions, experiences
• External Sources– Commercial databases, government reports, and
corporate Web sites.
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[about business][about business]
New York City Opens Its Data to All
5.2
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Data Governance
• An approach to managing information across an entire organization.
• Master Data• Master Data Management
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Big Data5.2
• Defining Big Data• Characteristics of Big Data• Managing Big Data• Leveraging Big Data
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Defining Big Data
• Big data is difficult to define• Two Descriptions of Big Data
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From Gartner Research (Big Data Description 1 of 2)• Diverse, high-volume, high-velocity information
assets that require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery, and process optimization. (www.gartner.com)
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From the Bid Data Institute (Big Data Description 2 of 2)• Exhibit variety• Includes structured, unstructured, and semi-structured
data• Are generated at high velocity with an uncertain pattern• Do not fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational
databases• Can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in
a reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information systems.
• (www.the-bigdatainstitute.com)
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Defining Big Data
• Big Data Generally Consist of:– Traditional enterprise data
– Machine-generated/sensor data
– Social Data
– Images captured by billions of devices located around the world
• Digital cameras, camera phones, medical scanners, and security cameras
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Characteristics of Big Data• Volume• Velocity• Variety
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Managing Big Data
• When properly analyzed big data can reveal valuable patterns and information.
• Database environment• Traditional relational databases
versus NoSQL databases• Open source solutions
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Leveraging Big Data
• Creating Transparency• Enabling Experimentation• Segmenting Population to Customize
Actions• Replacing/Supporting Human Decision
Making with Automated Algorithms• Innovating New Business Models,
Products, and Services• Organizations Can Analyze Far More
Data
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The Database Approach5.3
• The Data Hierarchy• Designing the Database
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Databases Minimize Three Main Problems
•Data Redundancy•Data Isolation•Data Inconsistency
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Databases Maximize the Following
•Data Security•Data Integrity•Data Independence
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Data Hierarchy
• Bit• Byte• Field• Data File or Table• Database
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Designing the Database
• Key Terms– Data Model
– Entity
– Instance
– Attribute
– Primary Key
– Secondary Keys
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Designing the Database
• Entity-Relationship Modeling• Entity-Relationship Diagram• Cardinality• Modality
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Database Management Systems
5.4
• The Relational Database Model• Databases in Action
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The Relational Database Model
• Based on the concept of two-dimensional tables
• Database Management System (DBMS)
• Query Languages• Data Dictionary• Normalization
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[about business][about business]
Database Solution for the German Aerospace Center
5.3
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Data Warehouses and Data Marts
5.5
• Describing Data Warehouses and Data Marts
• A Generic Data Warehouse Environment
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Describing Data Warehouses & Data Marts• Data Warehouse
– A repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization
• Data Mart– A low-cost, scaled-down version of a data
warehouse designed for end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or individual department.
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Describing Data Warehouses & Data Marts• Basic characteristics of data
warehouses and data marts– Organized by business dimension or subject– Use online analytical processing (OLAP)– Integrated– Time variant– Nonvolatile– Multidimensional
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A Generic Data Warehouse Environment
• Source Systems– Data Integration
– Storing the Data
• Metadata• Data Quality• Data Governance• Users
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[about business][about business]
Hospital Improves Patient Care with Data Warehouse
5.4
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Knowledge Management5.6
• Concepts and Definitions• Knowledge Management
Systems• The KMS Cycle
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Concepts & Definitions
• Knowledge Management (KM)– A process that helps manipulate important
knowledge that comprises part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format.
• Knowledge• Explicit & Tacit Knowledge• Knowledge Management System
(KMS)
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Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
• Refer to the use of modern information technologies – the Internet, intranet, extranets, databases – to systematize, enhance, and expedite intrafirm and interfirm knowledge management.– Best practices
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The KMS Cycle
• Create Knowledge• Capture Knowledge• Refine Knowledge• Store Knowledge• Manage Knowledge• Disseminate Knowledge
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[ [ Closing Case Closing Case Case Organizations Have Case Organizations Have
Too Much Data? Too Much Data? ]]
• The Problem
• The Solution
• The Results