dark matter & lorentz violation
TRANSCRIPT
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Seeking fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model
John Ellis
Dark Matter & Lorentz Violation
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Strange Recipe for a Universe
The ‘Standard Model’ of the Universe indicated by astrophysics and cosmology
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Many Candidates for Dark Matter
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Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)
• Expected to have been numerous in the primordial Universe when it was a fraction of a second old, full of a primordial hot soup
• Would have cooled down as Universe expanded • Interactions would have weakened • WIMPs decoupled from visible matter • “Freeze-out” • Larger σ à lower DM density: OK if σ ~ 3.10-26 cm2
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Annihilation in the early è Universe
Production ç at particle
colliders
é Direct dark matter
detection
Searches for WIMP Dark Matter Annihilation to particles è in cosmic rays
Dark Matter
Dark Matter
Standard Model
Standard Model
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Archetypal WIMP
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Nothing (yet) at the LHC Nothing else, either No supersymmetry
More of same? Unexplored nooks? Novel signatures?
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Indirect Searches for Dark Matter
Where to look for
annihilations?
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Indirect Constraints on Annihilation
Tkachev, arXiv:1802.02414
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Galactic Centre Excess Diffuse galactic emission Fermi bubbles
Possible contribution From DM annihilations
Multi- Component
model
Possible DM contribution Daylan, Finkbeiner, Hooper, Linden, Portillo,
Rodd, Slatyer arXiv:1402.6703
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Galactic Centre Excess due to Point Sources?
Possible contribution from unidentified point sources? Search using measure of non-Poissonian statistics
No need for any DM contribution,
but …
Lee, Lisanti, Safdi, Slatyer Xue, arXiv:1506.05124
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Galactic Centre Excess due to Dark Matter
after all?
Estimate of DM contribution dependent on templates used Leane, Slatyer, arXiv:1904.08430
Unmodelled sources in Fermi Bubbles can lead
to dark matter signal being misattributed to
point sources
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Analysis of Fermi-LAT Data from Reticulum II
Pass 7 of Fermi-LAT data from Reticulum II indicated excess in similar energy range
But less (no) excess in Pass 8 analysis Hoof, Geringer-Sameth, Trotta, arXiv:1812.06986
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Analysis of Fermi-LAT Data from Reticulum II
Pass 7 of Fermi-LAT data from Reticulum II indicated excess in similar energy range
Hoof, Geringer-Sameth, Trotta, arXiv:1812.06986 But less (no) excess in Pass 8 analysis
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Global Analysis of 27 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Fits to Fermi-LAT data in various annihilation scenarios
95% exclusion of best fit to galactic centre excess
Hoof, Geringer-Sameth, Trotta, arXiv:1812.06986
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Pass 7 of Fermi-LAT data on 27 dwarf spheroidal galaxies gave
interesting indications on mass, σv
But only weak indications in Pass 8 of Fermi-LAT data
Global Analysis of Dwarf
Spheroidal Galaxies
Hoof, Geringer-Sameth, Trotta, arXiv:1812.06986
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CTA Flux Sensitivity
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CTA Sensitivity to DM Annihilations
Agudo et al, CTA Astro2020 White Paper
Different sources
Different annihilation channels
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CTA vs pMSSM(*)
Hryczuk, Jod︎lowski, Moulin, Rinchiuso, Roszkowski, Sessoloa, Trojanowski, arXiv:1905.00315 lowski, Moulin, Rinchiuso, Roszkowski, Sessoloa, Trojanowski, arXiv:1905.00315
(*) Phenomenological supersymmetric model
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CTA Angular Resolution
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Prospective Sensitivity of LSST
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Giesen et al., arXiv:1504.04276
Antiprotons Compatible with Cosmic Rays
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Cosmic-Ray Positrons
Dark Matter?
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Dark Matter Models for e+ Spectrum
Boudeaud et al., arXiv:1612.03924
• Not up-to-date • Illustrates problems
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Fits to DM Annihilations
• Annihilation mainly into bb, some admixture of e+e-, µ+µ-
• Different cosmic ray models
• Different solar potentials
• Annihilation σ = 272 ✕ thermal
Boudeaud et al., arXiv:1612.03924
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Nature of QG Vacuum
• Expect quantum fluctuations in fabric of space-time
• In natural Planckian units: ΔE, Δx, Δt, Δχ ~ 1
• Fluctuations in energy, space, time, topology of order unity
• Space-time foam • Manifestations?
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Space-Time Foam as a Non-Trivial Medium
• Expect large intrinsic fluctuations at small scales • Expect back-reaction due to energetic particles • Non-trivial refractive index • Effect on propagation that increases with energy:
• Non-critical string model: ξ = -1 • ξ = -1 needed: avoid Čerenkov radiation in vacuo • Expect: EQG = O(MP) • Related to 1/MD in non-critical string model
Amelino-Camelia, JE, Mavromatos, Nanopoulos + Sarkar: 1997
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Robust Analysis of Fermi-LAT GRBs Lorentz violation tends to:
• Smooth out irregularities • Increase kurtosis • Increase skewness
Apply energy-dependent correction to maximize irregularities
JE, Konoplich, Mavromatos, Nguyen, Sakharov, Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, arXiv:1807.00189
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Robust Analysis of Fermi-LAT GRBs
Apply energy-dependent correction to minimize kurtosis
Kurtosis (larger tails)
JE, Konoplich, Mavromatos, Nguyen, Sakharov, Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, arXiv:1807.00189
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Robust Analysis of Fermi-LAT GRBs
Apply energy-dependent correction to minimize skewness
Skewness
Combined analysis using 8 GRBs: JE, Konoplich, Mavromatos, Nguyen, Sakharov, Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, arXiv:1807.00189
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HESS Analysis of Markarian 501
Analysis of temporal structure of γ emissions
at different energies
HESS Collaboration, arXiv:1901.05209
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Possible Effect on γ Spectrum
- Expect absorption due to e+e- production in collisions with γ background
- Reduced absorption if Lorentz violation via modified (E, p) dispersion relation for γ
Fairbairn, Nilsson, JE, Hinton, White, arXiv:1401.8178
Kifune, astro-ph/9904164 Protheroe & Meyer, astro-ph/0005349
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Simulation of Markarian 501 Fit to spectrum
CTA sensitivity
Fairbairn, Nilsson, JE, Hinton, White, arXiv:1401.8178
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HESS Analysis of Markarian 501 Spectrum vs possible
LV effect Lower limits on LV scale
HESS Collaboration, arXiv:1901.05209
More sensitive than spectral analysis
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Multimessenger Observations of Blazar TXS 0506+056
IceCube-170922A vs Fermi-LAT, MAGIC
IceCube, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, AGILE, ASAS-SN, HAWC, H.E.S.S, INTEGRAL, Kanata, Kiso, Kapteyn, Liverpool telescope, Subaru, Swift/NuSTAR, VERITAS, and VLA/17B-403 teams
arXiv:1807.08816
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Electromagnetic Follow-up to IC170922
γ-ν coincidence: most sensitive limits on Lorentz violation in neutrino propagation
JE, Mavromatos, Sakharov, Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, arXiv:1807.05155
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Earlier Neutrino Burst from TXS 0506+056
IceCube Collaboration
More multimessenger observations possible in future with CTA?
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Summary • CTA has great prospect for particle physics as
well as astrophysics • Searches for products of dark matter
annihilations complement accelerator searches • Violent events in the Universe provide probes
of extreme conditions beyond reach of accelerators
• Astroparticle physics has a bright future!