dama information kit

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Information Kit DAMA Mission

INFORMATION KIT ontents

Roerto Vittori and te DAMA Mission

Mission overvie1. 3

Key data2. 4

Roerto Vittori3.

Mission name and logo 5

Main tasks 5

Tird ride to sae 5

A ridge to te uture 6

Te re4. 7

Te sae o5. 9

A last6. Endeavour

Main ojetives o te mission 10

Mission sedule 11AMS02, te antimatter unter7. 12

Te dark side o te Universe 15

Fats and fgures 15

Long lie or AMS02 16

Time or siene8. 17

Italian enounter in sae9. 19

Media assistane10. 20

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2. KEY DATA

Msson STS-134

Launchng ste Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA

Launch date 29 April 2011, 15:47 EDT (19:47 GMT)

21:47 CEST

Launch wndow 10 minutes

Launch/landng spacecrat Space Shuttle Endeavour

Dockng 1 May 2011, 17:01 GMT

19:01 CEST

Prme crew Mark E. Kelly, Commander

Gregory H. Johnson, Pilot

Michael Fincke, Mission Specialist 1

Roberto Vittori, Mission Specialist 2

Andrew J. Feustel, Mission Specialist 3

Gregory Chamitof, Mission Specialist 4

Prmary payload Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02)

Express Logistics Carrier 3 (ELC-3)

Landng 13 May 2011, 13:26 GMT

15:26 CEST

Msson duraton 14 days

* As of 8 April 2011

STS-134 will provide the International Space Station with two major payloads:

the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and the Express Logistics Carrier 3.

4

Space Shuttle Endeavourwill leave

the launch pad for the last time.


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European Space Agency7

4. ThE cREw

Mark E. Kelly, Commander

A veteran o threespaceights, his

seat or this mission

was pending ater

his wie,

Congresswoman

Gabrielle Giords,

was shot last

January in Tucson,

Arizona, when other

six people were

killed. Thanks to her

remarkable recovery

and promising rehabilitation, NASA decided to keep

him as commander o STS-134.

His rst trip into space was also with Endeavour, in 2001,

and he has now logged 38 days in space. Kellys identical

twin brother, Scott J. Kelly, has served as commander o

Expedition 26 and worked with ESA astronaut Paolo

Nespoli. The Kelly brothers are the only siblings to have

own in space.

Gregory H. Johnson, Plot

Johnson is not only

a pilot who has

own combat

missions in support

o Operation Desert

Storm, but also a

saety expert.

As astronaut

representative,

he was a key player

during the

investigation into

the cause o the

Columbia accident

in 2003. A year later, Johnson was designated as the

Deputy Chie o the Astronaut Saety Branch, with

emphasis on improving operational procedures and

techniques to increase astronaut saety in space vehicles.

Johnson was pilot o STS-123 Endeavourin 2008, a mission

that delivered Japans Kibo logistics module and Canadas

Dextre robot arm to the ISS. Johnson was also a robotic

arm operator, employing both the Space Shuttle and ISS

arms in support o numerous tasks throughout the

mission. He has logged 16 days in space.

Mchael Fncke, Msson Specalst 1

With 365 days in

space, Fincke is thethird in the list o

most experienced

American

astronauts. He holds

the record, along

with cosmonaut

Gennady Padalka,

or ISS-based

spacewalks: he has

logged 26 hours on

six spacewalks

wearing the Russian

Orlan spacesuit.

He has own twice aboard Soyuz to the ISS, or Expeditions

9 and 18. For his rst long-duration mission, in 2004,

Fincke spent six months aboard the Station. In 2009 he

served as the ISS Commander. Michael Fincke and his

three crewmates helped to prepare the Station or uture

six-person crews. He speaks Japanese and Russian.

STS-134 mission logo.

NASA

NASA

NASA


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Andrew J. Feustel, Msson Specalst 3During his early days

at college, Feustel

worked as an auto

mechanic. The skillsacquired probably

helped him in the

challenging STS-125

mission, the th and

nal Hubble Space

Telescope servicing

mission. The mission

extended and improved

the observatorys

capabilities.

In completing his rst mission, Feustel logged almost 13

days in space, and about 20 hours in three spacewalks.

The spacewalkers overcame rozen bolts, stripped screws

and stuck handrails. Following several years working as a

geophysicist, Feustel was selected as an astronaut

candidate by NASA in July 2000.

Gregory Chamtof, Msson Specalst 4Dr Chamito has

logged a total o 183

days in space serving

as Expedition 1718ight engineer and

science ofcer. He

shared the ISS with

his NASA colleague

Michael Fincke and

with the space

tourist Richard

Garriot. As a an o

magic, he and the

video game-developer Garriot lmed the rst magic show

and the rst science-ction movie made in space.

He holds a PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Dr Chamito has published numerous papers on aircrat

and spacecrat guidance and control, trajectory

optimisation and Mars mission design.

8

Pictured clockwise in the STS-134 crew portrait are NASA astronauts Mark Kelly (bottom centre),

commander; Gregory H. Johnson, pilot; Michael Fincke, Greg Chamitoff, Andrew Feustel and

Roberto Vittori, all mission specialists.

NASA NASA


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European Space Agency

5. ThE SpAcE FLOw

The STS-134 mission will double the crew size o the ISS.

For about ten days, the six astronauts will join the six

long-durations crewmembers already working on theStation. ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli, on the MagISStra

mission since last December, will welcome his colleague

Roberto Vittori aboard.

Paolo Nespoli was the rst European astronaut to go

through the ull Single-Flow-To-Launch process, so that

that each crew acts as the backup or the crew assigned tothe mission ying six months earlier. However, STS-134 is

not an ISS crew rotation ight. The same six astronauts

launched rom Kennedy Space Center will touch down

two weeks ater.

Dmtr Kondratev Paolo Nespol Catherne Coleman

December 2010 May 2011

EXpEDITION 26-27Deemer 2010 May 2011

Mark E. Kelly Gregory H. Johnson Mchael Fncke Roberto Vttor

Andrew J. Feustel Gregory Chamtof

29 April 2011 13 May 2011

STS-134Aril 2011 May 2011

Ronald Garan Alexander

Samokutyayev Andre Borsenko

April 2011October 2011

EXpEDITION 27Aril 2011 Otoer 2011

EXp. 26-27

Dec

2010

6 months

6 months

14 days

EXp. 26-27M

ay2011

EXp. 27

April2011

EXp. 27 STS-134

April2011

M

ay

2

011

STS-134

9

O

ct2011


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6. A LAST EndEavour

Ater several delays that caused the launch to be postponed rom last summer, Endeavour

is nally taking of on its 25th and nal ight. Nearly 19 years ago, this Space Shuttle

named ater the rst ship commanded by the British explorer James Cook was built toreplace the destroyed Challenger.

The last ight oEndeavouris a prelude to the end o the

Shuttle programme, spanning three decades and 133

ights. Up to our spacewalks are scheduled or this

mission the last by a Shuttle crew. Three o the six

astronauts have own on Endeavourbeore.

Te Suttle is te ater o

uture yersoni igts or

uture generations. Te question

is en e ill ave te next

Suttlelike saerat, and Im

sure it ill ave an immediate

onnetion it its eritage.

Roerto Vittori

STS-134 will leave its Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS)

permanently on the Station or use in reaching places that

the ISS robotic arm Canadarm2 cannot get to on its own the arthest solar panels. The OBSS can double the

length o Canadarm2 to 30 m.

MAiN OBJECTiVES OF THE MiSSiONBerth the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 to ISS,

activate and checkout the instrument

Berth Express Logistics Carrier 3 to ISS

Transer MISSE 8 Passive Experiment Container rom

Orbiter Cargo Bay to ISS

Transer MISSE 7a/b rom ISS to Orbiter Cargo Bay

Transer and stow the Inspection Boom Assembly

Inspect and lubricate ISS Port Solar Array Rotary Joint

Perorm Orion Relative Navigation Sensor Experiment

Endeavourwill also enjoy a last waltz with the Station. The

Orbiter will be eased back toward the ISS to test new

sensor technologies that could make it easier or uture

space vehicles to dock to the orbital complex. These close

operations will be tested during Shuttle rendezvous,

docking, undocking, y-around and a series o re-

rendezvous with the ISS.

The space choreography around the orbital outpost will

mimic a rendezvous trajectory approaching no closer than

180 m. The goal is to test the Orion Relative Navigation

Sensor, intended to be carried by the US crew exploration

vehicle.

NASA is planning a grand nale STS-135 mission to the

Station with Atlantis, scheduled or the end o June. Ater

the end o the Shuttle era, Europes Automated Transer

Vehicle will be the largest-capacity supply vehicle available

or the ISS.

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AMS-02 will allow us to understand the Universe in a completely different way.

It will observe the cosmic rays coming from celestial sources like these colliding

Antennae galaxies, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope.


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European Space Agency

7. AMS-02, ThE ANTIMATTER hUNTER

The Space Shuttle will deliver the second Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02), a state-

o-the-art cosmic-ray detector designed to examine directly rom space undamental

properties o matter and the origin o the Universe. Complementing the work o the

Large Hadron Collider, scientists are looking or a better understanding o antimatter and

dark matter.

Already dubbed the Hubble Space Telescope o cosmic rays,

AMS-02 will collect primary cosmic rays that, ater travelling

or hundreds o millions o light years, will be accelerated by

strong magnetic elds.

AMS-02 will not only be the largest and most complex

scientic instrument to be installed on the ISS its

magnetic eld is 4000 times stronger than Earths but it

is the largest international collaboration on a singleexperiment in space.

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Information Kit DAMA Mission 14

Te most exiting ojetive o

AMS is to roe te unknon; to

sear or enomena i

exist in nature tat e ave not

yet imagined nor ad te tools to

disover.Samuel Ting

The ISS is a unique platorm. The stability, lengthy

exposure and the possibility o onboard reurbishmentmake the ISS the ideal platorm or the experiment. The

Station is able to provide the resources required by AMS-

02 (downlink, power, exposure time and reboost

capability), which would be much harder to get on a ree-

ying satellite.

The multinational AMS project is led by Nobel Prize

Laureate Samuel Ting, who counted on a signicant

European participation. Pro. Roberto Battiston, rom Italy,

is the deputy spokesperson or the AMS collaboration.

The success has been mostly built by institutes in Italy,

France, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland,

together with the participation o US, China, Russia and

Taiwan. In all, the experiments team consists o 56

institutes rom 16 countries.

Orbiting Earth on the ISS at an altitude o about 350 km,

AMS-02 will study with an unprecedented accuracy o one

part in 10 billion the composition o primary cosmic rays,

exploring a new rontier in particle physics, searching orprimordial antimatter and studying the nature o dark

matter.

Location of AMS-02 on the Space Station.

AMS-02 being tested in ESAs Large Space Simulator.


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The dark sde o the UnverseAMS is embarking on a mission to explore distant and

uncharted realms o our Universe, where answers to some

longstanding questions in particle physics and cosmologymay be revealed and unexpected phenomena may be

discovered.

Never in te istory o siene

ere e so aare o our

ignorane: e kno tat e do

not kno anyting aout at

makes 95% o our Universe

Roerto battiston

Capturng the cosmc rays

Over the past decades there have been many undamental

discoveries in astrophysics, such as pulsars, microwave

background radiation and gamma-ray bursts.

However, cosmic rays come up against a thin but eective

wall Earths atmosphere absorbs and changes the

charged particles, so they cannot be easily measured on

the ground. In addition, their electric charge can only be

identied by their trajectory in a magnetic eld. Now witha magnetic detector in space, astronomers and particle

physicists are eagerly awaiting the data.

Antmatter

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer will study high-energy

cosmic rays, helping scientists to understand why there is

a conspicuous preponderance o matter over antimatter

in the visible universe. AMS will search or antimatter to

the edge o the observable universe.

Normal visible matter, like stars, planets and galaxies,

accounts or only less than 5% o the Universe. According

to theories and indirect observations, the rest 95% is dark

matter and dark energy, but little is known o them.

Dark matterDark matter is believed to account or up to 23% o the

mass o the Universe. It has not been directly detected,

but it has been discerned only through its gravitational

eect on other objects. Its origin and structure remain a

mystery. It might consist o neutralinos, hypothetical

particles that may be detected indirectly by AMS-02.

Pro. Tings experiment will increase the sensitivity o the

search by between a thousand and a million times,

revealing a totally dierent domain by either nding the

neutralino or revealing something else. AMS-02 might

also detect a new, exotic orm o matter predicted by

scientists: a very heavy elementary particle dubbed

strangelet.

Dark energyRepulsive dark energy, believed to be accelerating the

expansion o the cosmos, makes up the balance, and even

less is known about it. Although AMS-02 is not expected

to tell much more about dark energy, the observations will

FACTS AND FiGURESThe core o AMS is a large doughnut-shaped

powerul permanent magnet with a magneticeld 4000 times more intense than Earth's. It is

cooled with superuid helium at a temperature

o 271.35C.

10 000 particles per second will pass through

AMS. Its Anti-Coincidence Counter will discard

80% o these particles that enter at the wrong

angle and save the useul ones or analysis.

The silicon tracker is the only subdetector able

to distinguish directly among matter and

antimatter by determining whether the

electrical charge is positive or negative.

The number o electronic channels in AMS-02 is

around 300 000, equivalent to all o the

Stations electronics channels combined.

AMS uses 650 electronics boards with special

radiation-tolerant chips, developed or high-energyphysics, which are about ten times aster than

typical space computers. They transorm the

signals rom the detectors into digital inormation

or ground-based computers to analyse.

The experiment will produce a data stream o

7 gigabits per second, reduced to a 2 megabits

average o downlink bandwidth ater online

processing.

AMS has a startracker and GPS or accurate

position and orientation.

AMS weighs 6918 kg and is over 4.5 m wide


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8. TIME FOR ScIENcE

Microgravity is the most obvious inuence on lie in space. Roberto Vittori is a test subject

or human physiology experiments that will help scientists to study possible changes in

his body ater this spaceight. Pre- and post-mission data collection will deepen ourunderstanding o the impact o weightlessness on the human body.

ZAG (Z-axis Aligned Gravito-inertial orce) will

investigate the eect o weightlessness on astronaut

perception o motion and tilt as well as his level o

perormance beore and immediately ater

spaceight. Tests will take place beore and ater

ight, including analysis o his motion perception and

eye movements whilst using a track-and-tilt chair.

OTOLiTH is looking at the adaptation o the human

balance system and eyes, which are strongly

interconnected, to weightlessness or maintaining an

astronauts capacity or carrying out tasks in space.

This experiment assesses the inner-ear organs

sensitive to gravity beore and ater short-duration

spaceight.

ESA astronaut in a track-and-tilt chair in motion. Different tests will take place pre- and post flight including an analysis of Vittoris motion perception.


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9. ITALIAN ENcOUNTER IN SpAcE

April will be a month o celebrations on the ISS. 12 April 2011 is the 50th anniversary o

Yuri Gagarins orbital ight, beginning the human spaceight era.

Paolo Nespoli will celebrate it in space, and a special

meeting with Italian avour will take place during the

STS-134 mission. For the rst time, two ESA astronauts o

Italian nationality will be in space at the same time,

aboard the International Space Station.

Having already spent our months on the Station, Paolo

will welcome his ESA crewmate. Together, they will

celebrate the 150th anniversary o Italys unication as a

modern European state. They were both selected by the

European Astronauts Corps in 1998 and have trained

together or many years.

The Italian ag has been handed over to Roberto Vittori by

the President o Italy, Giorgio Napolitano. An inight call

to the two astronauts by the Italian President is planned

or the mission.

Italy is the third-largest contributor to ESA programmes

and to the ISS. Italian industry built more than hal o theStations pressurised volume o the non-Russian

segment.

I am very exited to meet im in sae.

he is doing a great jo on te International

Sae Station and I am ay to join im u

tere or to eeks.

Roerto Vittori

Vittori ready for his previous

mission to the ISS, in 2005.

Paolo Nespoli will welcomehis ESA crewmate aboard

the Station.


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For further information,please contact:

Rosita Suenson

Communication Programme Officer

for Human Spaceflight and Operations

Tel: +31 71 565 3009

Email: [email protected]

ESA Media Relations Office

Communication Department

Tel: + 33 1 53 69 72 99

Fax: +33 1 53 69 76 90

Email: [email protected]

2011 European Space Agency

Photo credits: ESA, NASA, AMS-02 collaboration

10. MEDIA ASSISTANCE

USEFUL LINKS

ESA Human Spaceflight

www.esa.int/spaceflight

MagISStra website

www.esa.int/SPECIALS/magisstra

Italian space agency (ASI)

www.asi.int/en

AMS-02 collaboration

www.ams02.org

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