Daily rise & set of sun, moon,

& stars

Daily motion of stars

Deductions:1) Earth spins2) Spherical shape3) Moon reflects Sun’s light4) A coordinate system for the sky

Seasons

Planets:

Constellationswanders

Ptolome’s geocentric model

Copernicus’ revolution

Planet’s retrograde motion

Heliocentric model

Kepler’s 3 laws

Brahe’s observations

1) planets’ orbit are eccentric2) A planet sweeps out an equal area per equal time interval3) Period square is proportional to the semi major axis cube

Kepler’s 3 laws

Comparison of orbitsP2 = Ka3

Shape of orbit

Rate of change

Galileo’s proof of heliocentric model

Phases of venus

Galileo’s other contributions

Lunar craters, moons of Jupiter, & sunspots

InertiaAcceleration = rate of change of speed.