DadaDada• Refers to an international Refers to an international movement that began in movement that began in Switzerland during Switzerland during World World War IWar I. .

• Not an artistic style, but an Not an artistic style, but an idea of idea of NIHILISMNIHILISM (“nothingness”).(“nothingness”).

DadaDada• It was started to protest It was started to protest the madness of WAR.the madness of WAR.

• The term “dada” is a The term “dada” is a nonsense word.nonsense word.

• Taste for Taste for playfulplayful and and experimental.experimental.

DadDadaa• Reaction to destruction from warReaction to destruction from war

• Despair and disgust.Despair and disgust.• Rejected morality and decency. Rejected morality and decency. • lasted for 7 seven years.lasted for 7 seven years.• New York version had sarcasm, New York version had sarcasm,

wit, and humor.wit, and humor.• Leading member was Marcel Leading member was Marcel

Duchamp.Duchamp.

Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp• Marcel Duchamp 1887-1968.• 2 older brothers were painters.• In 1904 he joined his older

brother in Paris where he studied art (not a great student).

DuchampDuchamp• A leading A leading

member of member of the the CubistCubist, , DadaDada, and , and Surrealist Surrealist movementsmovements

Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp

He especially liked He especially liked

wordplay and wordplay and punning.punning.His influence will help His influence will help develop develop surrealsurreal and and pop pop artart..

• He was influenced by the He was influenced by the multitude of art styles going multitude of art styles going on at this time in Paris on at this time in Paris –Cezanne, Symbolism, Fauvism, Cezanne, Symbolism, Fauvism,

Cubism ...Cubism ...

DuchampDuchamp

• He thought that art can be He thought that art can be

ideasideas (not just worldly (not just worldly things).things).

• ““Conceiving a work of art Conceiving a work of art was more important than the was more important than the finished workfinished work.”.”

DuchampDuchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase Nude Descending a Staircase #2, #2, 19121912

• cubist inspired cubist inspired technique for technique for depicting depicting movement.movement.

Nude Descending a Staircase, Nude Descending a Staircase, 19121912

• It is made up of abstract lines and plane- breaking up and reconstructing the subject.

• creates a rhythmic sense of motion.

The Passage from Virgin to The Passage from Virgin to BrideBride

• A highly abstracted figure.

He is all about mocking traditional art

A A readymadereadymade is when is when he takes an object and he takes an object and merely adds a title to it= a merely adds a title to it= a work of artwork of art

FountainFountain• a

readymade readymade piece that he declared a work of art created for an avant- garde art exhibit.

Conceptual statement that Conceptual statement that all art is all art is readymadereadymade because all artistic because all artistic material is manufacturedmaterial is manufactured(paint, canvas…) (paint, canvas…)

FountainFountain• Duchamp entered the Duchamp entered the

artwork under the false artwork under the false name R. Mutt. name R. Mutt.

• the organizers of the the organizers of the exhibit said it was “not exhibit said it was “not art”.art”.

• ……all about the shock all about the shock value value

LHOOQ, LHOOQ, 19191919

• A visual and verbal pun.

• Mysterious title– Could mean “Look” or

“she has a hot ass”

• Penciled a beard and mustache onto a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

LHOOQ, LHOOQ, 19191919• Example of rebellion.

• Some call this disrespectful.

• Creation or Destruction?

• It became the icon of the Dada movement.

Rotary DemisphereRotary Demisphere

• This machine This machine made in 1919 made in 1919 creates an creates an illusion of illusion of simultaneous simultaneous rotation in rotation in opposite opposite directions.directions.

Large GlassLarge Glass• 109 " x 69 “ Oil, 109 " x 69 “ Oil,

varnish, lead foil, varnish, lead foil, lead wire, and dust lead wire, and dust on two glass panels; on two glass panels; 19201920

• Also called Also called The Bride The Bride Stripped Bare by her Stripped Bare by her BachelorsBachelors

• Depicts the dramatic Depicts the dramatic meeting of a bride meeting of a bride and her nine suitorsand her nine suitors

Duchamp’s LegacyDuchamp’s Legacy• Paved the way for a new kind of Paved the way for a new kind of

art.art.• The new art embraces the The new art embraces the

imagination, intellect, imagination, intellect, andand humorhumor..

• It strives to depict invisible worlds, It strives to depict invisible worlds, not just visible ones.not just visible ones.

• A forefather of modern art.A forefather of modern art.

Man Ray, 1890-1976• American painter, sculptor, American painter, sculptor,

photographer (spent most of his life photographer (spent most of his life in Paris). in Paris).

Successful in Successful in portraitureportraiture and and commercial commercial workwork..His work was His work was featured in featured in popular popular magazinesmagazines

Man RayMan Ray• PicassoPicasso and and DaliDali were were

among his colleagues. among his colleagues. • A member of the Dada art A member of the Dada art

movementmovement–Word playWord play–Play with images/objectsPlay with images/objects–ReadymadesReadymades

Man RayIndestructible Object Indestructible Object (or Object to Be (or Object to Be Destroyed), 1923Destroyed), 1923

•ready-made ready-made •attached a attached a photograph of an photograph of an eyeeye•transition state transition state between looking and between looking and being looked at and being looked at and actual motion is in actual motion is in this piece. this piece.

• combines Dada combines Dada wordplay with wordplay with Surrealist Surrealist imageryimagery. The nude . The nude recalls Ingres, title recalls Ingres, title refers to Ingres’s hobby refers to Ingres’s hobby of playing the violin. of playing the violin.

• similarity between the similarity between the nude’s back and the nude’s back and the shape of a violin. shape of a violin.

• shows the shows the dreamlike dreamlike imagery of imagery of SurrealismSurrealism..

Man Ray

Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924

Man Ray

Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924

Les Larmes (Tears) Les Larmes (Tears)

Noire et BlancheNoire et Blanche

ART constantly ART constantly evolvesevolves.

Since the earliest times, there has been a constant search for new ORIGINALORIGINAL forms

of expression.

A style of art that shockedshocked viewers of

one generation becomes a part of the

mainstreammainstream as another shocking style makes its appearance.

•

• SurrealismSurrealism: a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscioussubconscious mindmind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible.

•

• SurrealismSurrealism Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, primarily European movement. –attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement.

–Popular during the 1920 1920 & 1930s 1930s

SURREALISMSURREALISM

was an art movement that found ideas in the

SubconsciousSubconscious: Dreams, memories, feelings

SURREALISMSURREALISM

•Means to go beyond realism•To create without conscious control

• Sigmund Sigmund Freud Freud was becoming popular with his new ideas about dream analysis

• Hieronymus BOSCH

• 1400s, about 450 years before the surrealists

• The “patron saint” of surrealism

35

Salvador Salvador Dalí Dalí • Spanish painter

• frequent conflicts with his art teachers.He made “hand-painted dream photographs”

He was a huge self promoter

DaliDali•his wife GalaGala was his muse and inspiration.•Joins a group of Surrealists in 1930.•He moved to the US in 1940•he wrote many books including The secret life of Salvador Dalí.

He painted with meticulous realism and detail.

Note the similarities to work from the Italian Renaissance 400 years earlier

DaliDali often uses religious images

DaliDali often uses religious images

The Persistence of Memory, 1931

The Persistence of Memory, 1931

•The use of clocks describe how meaningless time is.•The gold pocket watch on the left is actually being eaten away by ants. •Dalí often uses ants or insects to show deterioration in a work

DaliDali

Daddy Longlegs of the Evening-Hope, 1940

Daddy Longlegs of the Evening-Hope, 1940

In the tope of the painting a winged victory is born with only one wing. A limp plane appears to ooze from the cannon on the right while a horse, a mode of ground transportation soars out.

The Ecumenical Council, 1960

•a tribute to Pope John XXIII whom he admired for reforming the Church.

•Dalí paints himself, in a VelasquezVelasquez-like pose, as a tribute to the Spanish Master.

•He paints his wife GalaGala as St. Helena to show her unwavering support of him.

MiroMiro

A Spanish artist who paints surrealistic, whimsical, childlike dreams

Biomorphic Simplified

images

MiroMiroInfluences were Fauvism, Cubism, but mainly SurrealismSurrealism•his works were often reminiscent reminiscent of childhoodof childhood

•His works used bright colors bright colors and shapes

Harlequin’s Carnival

• Image of a circus

• Seems closed in- adds to the effect of the objects being products of one’s imagination

MiroMiro

Influences were Fauvism and Cubism, but mainly Surrealism

MiroMiroDepicts a colorful dog alone in a simple setting at nightThe most surreal form is the unsupported ladder that appears to go nowhere…

Dog Barking at the Moon, 1926

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte a Belgian

Surrealist.Surrealist.

well known for a witty and amusing images.

His art career began in 1910.

Son of Man ,1964

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

“The Betrayal of Images”, 1928

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

a Belgian

SurrealisSurrealistt

well known for a witty and amusing images.

His art career began in 1910.

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

The False Mirror, 1928

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

Time Transfixed, 1938

He juxtaposed two familiar objects in order to create an unfamiliar effect.

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

Rene Rene MagritteMagritte

Alexander CalderAlexander Calder

“Sandy” Calder was one of the most famous American sculptors of the 20th century.

CalderCalder

He was born into a family of artists. He started out working as an illustrator and an engineer.

CalderCalder

He spent several years early in his life in Paris creating miniature circus figures.

CalderCalderHe was a master at creating organic wire sculptures. They are like 3D contour drawings.

CalderCalder

His work is whimsical and fun

CalderCalder

He began working on MOBILES in 1931.

CalderCalderA MOBILE is a KINETIC sculpture.

It suspends from above and slowly and gracefully moves on air currents.

CalderCalderA Staybile is a KINETIC sculpture.

It is anchored to a base and slowly and gracefully moves on air currents.

CalderCalder

Grant WoodGrant Wood• He rejects Abstract He rejects Abstract

expressionismexpressionism• Realist American art movementRealist American art movement• depict the rural aspect of depict the rural aspect of

American life American life • prominent during the Great prominent during the Great

Depression, when it aimed to Depression, when it aimed to reassure images of the reassure images of the American HeartlandAmerican Heartland

Grant WoodGrant Wood• His masterpiece- one of His masterpiece- one of

the most recognizable the most recognizable works of art from the works of art from the 2020thth century century

• The figures are actually The figures are actually his sister and dentisthis sister and dentist

• Gothic influence- strong Gothic influence- strong verticals of pitchfork verticals of pitchfork and pointed arch and pointed arch windowwindow

• attention to detail attention to detail shows influence of Van shows influence of Van EyckEyck American GothicAmerican Gothic

Grant WoodGrant Wood

American Gothic, American Gothic, 19301930 Jan van Eyck, 1400sJan van Eyck, 1400s

Paul Revere’s Midnight RidePaul Revere’s Midnight Ride

• depicts the depicts the scene in a scene in a 2020thth century century town in town in Iowa, Iowa, instead of instead of 1818thth Century Century Mass.Mass.

• Dramatic- Dramatic- otherworldlotherworldlyy

Grant WoodGrant Wood

Grant WoodGrant Wood

Edward HopperEdward Hopper• His style is a synthesis of Regionalism His style is a synthesis of Regionalism

and Social Realismand Social Realism• Known for ominous realistic portrayals of Known for ominous realistic portrayals of

solitude in contemporary American lifesolitude in contemporary American life

NighthawkNighthawks,s,19421942

Edward HopperEdward Hopper• His style is a synthesis of Regionalism His style is a synthesis of Regionalism

and Social Realismand Social Realism• Known for ominous realistic portrayals of Known for ominous realistic portrayals of

solitude in contemporary American lifesolitude in contemporary American life

Automat,Automat, 19271927

DegaDegass

Edward HopperEdward Hopper• dim light create a sense dim light create a sense of isolation and of isolation and loneliness.loneliness.

Gas,Gas, 1940 1940

Edward HopperEdward Hopper