sam mills and marcus kreitzer. art movement of european avant- garde in early 20 th century. began...
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DADASam Mills and Marcus Kreitzer
BIRTH OF DADA Art movement of
European avant-garde in early 20th century.
Began in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916.
Dada came about in a tavern called the Cabaret Voltaire.
CABARET VOLTAIRE The Cabaret provided an
environment with ideal conditions for artistic freedom and experimentation
Jean Arp, Richard Huelsenbeck, Marcel Janco, Sophie Taeuber, and Tristan Tzara are all famous artists that gathered in the tavern. Together they formed the dada movement or "revolution"
REASONS FOR DADA MOVEMENT
Born out of negative reaction to World War I.
Artists rebelling against what they saw as “cultural snobbery, bourgeois convention, and political support for the war.”
Artists were against following the direction that society was heading in.
Tristan Tzara launched an art and literature review called “Dada” which was like a magazine that he used to propagate Dadaist art and ideals throughout Europe.
BIRTH CONTINUED… Not sure about where the word “Dada”
originated from.Means “hobby horse” in FrenchOthers feel it is baby talk“Dada” was the catchphrase that made the
least amount of sense.
Dadaism has since spread to many cities including Berlin, Cologne, New York, Paris, Netherlands, Georgia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Tokyo, and Ireland.
QUOTES "It seemed that the very incompatibility of character,
origins and attitudes which existed among the Dadaists created the tension which gave, to this fortuitous conjunction of people from all points of the compass, its unified dynamic force.“ –Hans Richter
"The beginnings of Dada were not the beginnings of art, but of disgust.“ -Tristan Tzara
"We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the tabula rasa. At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking the bourgeois, demolishing his idea of art, attacking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.“ –Marcel Janco
"It is necessary to clarify the intentions of this cabaret. It is its aim to remind the world that there are people of independent minds—beyond war and nationalism—who live for different ideals.“ –Hugo Ball
CHARACTERISTICS OF DADA Dada did not follow any rules when it came to the artwork.
Intended to provoke an emotional reaction.
Saw themselves as an “anti-art” movement.
Main influences were abstraction and expressionism.
CHARACTERISTICS… No predominant medium used Dadaists wanted to “present an intriguing paradox in that they seek to demystify artwork in the populist sense but nevertheless remain cryptic enough to allow the viewer to interpret works in a variety of ways.”
PHOTOMONTAGE Developed by the Berlin Dada
Group Variation of collage where all of
the pieces of the collage are actual photographs or photo-realistic images pasted together.
PHOTOMONTAGE EXAMPLES
Raoul Hausmann Hannah Höch
COLLAGE The Dadaists took after the Cubists in
making collages. Their collages consisted of papers fabric
and other two dimentional objects that were pasted together in order to make their art more like everyday life.
Their collages were more abstract than the cubists and their material selection was much more diverse.
COLLAGE EXAMPLES
Kurt Schwitters Hans Arp
ASSEMBLAGE Essentially 3D collage. Instead of 2D items pasted
together it was 3D items nailed and screwed together.
The assortment of objects was could be endless.
ASSEMBLAGE EXAMPLES
Raoul Hausmann Kurt Schwitters
READYMADES Work created by other artists
that is taken and modified Invented by Marcel Duchamp Pushed the boundaries of what
was considered art
READYMADES EXAMPLES
Man Ray Marcel Duchamp
TYPOGRAPHY Dadaists played with unconventional
typographic design They mixed fonts, used improper
punctuation and had randomly placed printer's symbols all over the page
Tristan Tzara stated "Each page must explode, either by deep and weight seriousness—the whirlwind, the vertigo, the new, the eternal—by the crushing jokes, by the enthusiasm for the principles, or by the manner of being printed."
TYPOGRAPHY EXAMPLES
Hans Richter
Richard Huelsenbeck
SOUND POEMS Invented by Hugo Ball They were poems that consisted of
abstract words created by syllables of other words that were then turned into meaningless sounds
Examples:http://
www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/sound/schwitters.mp3 Kurt Schwitters
http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/sound/hausmann.mp3 Raoul Hausmann
CHANCE Works of art created by accidents
and the laws of chance Seen as a way expelling conscious
control Got rid of the occasional
meaningless decisions made by artists
CHANCE EXAMPLES
Hans Arp
Raoul Hausmann
PHOTOGRAPHY Dadaists experimented with
double exposures, odd subjects, and bizarre perspectives
They also did photograms which is photography without a camera. Objects were placed on photosensitive paper that is then exposed to light.
EXAMPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHYMan Ray
OVERPAINTING Invented by Max
Ernst He painted over
pages of print materials in order to make them his own
He painted over wallpapers, instruction booklets, catalogues, etc.
HANS ARP According to Arp himself, in his early
works he "embroidered, wove, painted, and pasted static geometric pictures."
For Arp, using new materials meant rejecting tradition, and working in techniques considered "applied" opened up plenty of new possibilities.
Wanted to take all traces of human personality out of his work. For example: In his collages he used a paper cutter
instead of scissors to eliminate the trace of the artist's hand.
HANS ARP CONTINUED… As he developed his collage works, he
stopped using the geometrical aspect and explored the use of abstract forms through nature.
Arp wanted to create an art that could act as a cultural restorative for an era brutalized by the horrific events of World War I.
HANS ARP WORK
Plastron et fourchette 1922painted wood relief
Untitled (Forest), 1916/1917painted wood reliefUntitled (Collage
with Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance)collage of torn papers on paper
HUGO BALL Invented the sound poem. Advocated the destruction of the rationalized language that for him represented what had led to the "agony and death throes of this age.“
Wanted to discover a new language that was untainted.
HUGO BALL
Ball's 1917 text "Karawane" and a reproduction of a 1916 photograph of Ball in his "cubist costume" at Cabaret Voltaire
TRISTAN TZARA Editor of “Dada”, an art and literature
review which he used to propagate Dadaist art and ideals throughout Europe.
Wrote poetry. Incorporated scraps of sound, bits of
newspaper, and phrases resembling African dialects into his poetry.
TRISTAN TZARA
MARCEL DUCHAMP Early in his career Duchamp had a
scientific attitude when it came to art, compiling notes and experimenting with methods of measurement and mechanical drawing.
Invented the readymade method. Experimented with the visual tricks
produced by forms in motion. Works filled with jokes, wit and
subversive humor with sexual innuendoes.
MARCEL DUCHAMP
Rotative Demisphère 1924, Motorized optical device: painted wood demisphere fitted on velvet disk, copper collar with Plexiglas dome, motor, pulley, and metal stand
Fountain, 1964 (fifth version)Assisted readymade: porcelain urinal turned on its back
Apolinère Enameled, 1916–1917rectified readymade: gouache and pencil on painted tin (advertising sign for Sapolin Enamel) mounted on board
MAX ERNST Early works were influenced by cubism,
futurism, and expressionism. World War I had a lasting impact on his
art, he used his personal experiences to depict absurd and apocalyptic scenes.
Began creating collages in 1919, reworking dull materials to make new, stunning images.
He developed the technique of frottage Frottage: laying paper on the floor and rubbing
over it with pencil to create the textural effect of wood.
MAX ERNST
Europe After The Rain.
Célèbes (Celebes) or Der Elefant von Celebes
L'ange du Foyer ou Le Triomphe du Surréalisme
WEBSITES http://
www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm
http://www.theartstory.org/index.html http://www.surrealists.co.uk/ernst.php http://
arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/dada.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada http://
www.artic.edu/reynolds/essays/hofmann.php
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149499/Dada