SPGK A P I T M U

STRIKTONG PAKIKINIG SA GURO

Ang Kinakailangan

Diversity of Materials in

the Environment Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge

is limited. Imagination encircles the world.”

-Albert Einstein

WHAT IS MATTER?

REVIEW

What is matter?

MATTER is

anything that takes

up space and has a

mass.

MATTER is

composed of tiny

particles called

atoms.

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

STATE OF MATTER

1: Solid

2: Liquid

3: Gas

4: Plasma

STATE OF MATTER

1: Solid

2: Liquid

3: Gas

: Plasma

PHYSICAL STATE OF MATTER

SOLIDS:

PHYSICAL STATE OF MATTER

LIQUID:

PHYSICAL STATE OF MATTER

GAS:

PHYSICAL STATE OF MATTER

PLASMA:

CHANGES IN STATE OF

MATTER

CHANGES IN STATE OF

MATTER(The Water Cycle)

SOLUTIONS

Overview

In Grade 6, you have learned about different mixtures and their characteristics.

different mixtures and their

characteristics.

mixing a solid and a liquid or combined

two different liquids.

homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures are

called solutions.

Overview

•Nature of

solute

•Nature of

solvent

•Temperature

•Pressure

•Dilute or

concentrated

•Unsaturated,

saturated, or

supersaturated

•% weight

•% volume

% weight

/volume

•CONDUCTIVITY

•COLLIGATIVE

PROPERTIES

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

ACTIVITY No. 1

First things first…

• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures made up of molecules or ions.

• Composed of solute and solvent.

• A solution does not always have to be liquid, it can be solid or gaseous.

You observed in Activity 1 that a

solution is not always a liquid; it can be

solid, liquid, or gas. In addition, solutions

may either be found in nature or are

manufactured.

What are the Properties of Solutions?

ACTIVITY 2

In Activity 2, you found out that a solution is formed

when a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a single

phase that appears uniform throughout. A solution is

clear. In a solution, the particles are too small that they

cannot be seen by the unaided eye. The particles in

solution are smaller than the pores of the filter paper or

the cheesecloth and so these can pass through the filter.

TYPES OF SOLUTIONLEARNING COMPETENCY: The learner investigates

the different types of solutions.

Types of Solution

Type

(Phase)

Solute Solvent Example

Gaseous Gas Gas air, water

vapor in

air

Liquid Gas Liquid Softdrinks

Liquid Liquid vinegar,

alcohol

Types of Solution

Type

(Phase)

Solute Solvent Example

Liquid solid liquid seawater,

brine

Solid gas solid charcoal filter

liquid solid dental

amalgam

(Hg and other

metal except

Fe)

Types of Solution

Solid solid solid steel (Fe and

C), bronze(Cu

and Sn),

brass (Cu and

Zn)

Type

(Phase)

Solute Solvent Example

Types of Solution: GASEOUS SOLUTION

Solute: Gas

Solvent: Gas

Types of Solution: LIQUID SOLUTION

Solute: Gas

Solvent: Liquid

Types of Solution: LIQUID SOLUTION

Solute: Liquid

Solvent: Liquid

Types of Solution: LIQUID SOLUTION

Solute: Solid

Solvent: Liquid

Types of Solution: SOLID SOLUTION

Solute: Gas

Solvent: Solid

Types of Solution: SOLID SOLUTION

Solute: Liquid

Solvent: Solid

Types of Solution: SOLID SOLUTION

Solute: Solid

Solvent: Solid

Naturally Occurring

Solutions

Manufactured/Processed

Solutions

ALLOYS

are solid (metal) solutions.

Water as the Universal SOLVENT

Aqueous solution-A

solution in which the

solvent is water.

Naturally Occurring

Solutions

Examples of solutions that occur naturally are

natural bodies of water like the seas and

ocean, blood plasma, air, and some mineral

ores.

Manufactured/Processed

Solutions

Almost every household

uses vinegar for cooking and

cleaning purposes. Vinegar

usually contains about 5%

acetic acid in water. Some

vinegar are clear

homogeneous mixtures

(solutions). Other kinds of

vinegar are colloidal.

What is the Evidence that a Solution

is Saturated?

ACTIVITY 3

In Activity 3, you will find out how much solute can

dissolve in a given amount of solvent and find out the

type of solution based on whether there is excess solute

or not.

At higher grade levels, you will learn more of the

detailed processes that happen when a solute dissolves

in a solvent.

In Activity 3, you have observed that there is a

maximum amount of solute that can dissolve

in a given amount of solvent at a certain

temperature. This is what is called the

“solubility” of the solute. From your everyday experience,

you also observe that there is a limit to the

amount of sugar you can dissolve in a given

amount of water.

The solubility of some solutes decreases as

temperature increases.

On the other hand, there are solutes that

increase their solubility at higher

temperatures. For some other solutes, their

solubility is not affected by an increase in

temperature. Since the effect of

temperature on different solutes is more

accurately explained using solubility curves,

SATURATION

***Learning Competency: investigates the different types of solutions.

- unsaturated - saturated - supersaturated

SATURATION

Saturated

Unsaturated

Supersaturated

My brain really

hurts! I can’t take

it anymore… Stress

week! huhuhu

During the addition of solid solute

into a liquid solvent, a condition is

reached where no more solute

dissolves.

The excess solid simply lies

undissolved at the bottom.

SATURATION

Saturated Solution

The solution that

contains the maximum

amount of solvent at

a constant

Temperature and

Pressure is called

“Saturated”solution.

Unsaturated Solution

The amount

of dissolved

solute is less than

the maximum the

solvent can

dissolved.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that

contains

less solute than a

saturated solution at

a given

temperature and

pressure.

Supersaturated Solution

When a

saturated solution

together with the

undissolved solid is

heated then cooled,

some of the excess

solute will crystallized.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that

contains more

solute than

it can theoretically

hold at a given

temperature; excess

solute

precipitates if a

seed crystals is

added.

Supersaturated Solution

A supersaturated

solution is an unstable

solution in which

concentration of the

solute is greater

than when the

solution is saturated.

Types of Solutions

At 25oC, a saturated solution of table salt has only 36.0 g

(3 tablespoons) dissolved in 100 mL of water. Any

additional table salt will no longer dissolve.

Concentration of

SolutionTEACHER’S DEMONSTRATION

Go to Link…

EXPRESSING

CONCENTRATION

Learning Competency: Explains the difference between Percentage by

Weight and by Volume solutions.

You can express concentration in

other ways such as:

(1) percent by volume, which is the

amount of solute in a given

volume of solution expressed as

grams solute per 100 milliliter of

solution (g/100 mL), and

(2) percent by mass, which is the

amount of solute in a given mass

of solvent expressed as grams

solute per 100 grams of solution.

Labels of products sold often show the

concentrations of solutes expressed as

PERCENT (%) by volume or mass.

The alcohol used as a disinfectant is a

solution of 70% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol,

meaning 70 mL alcohol.

Vinegar is often labeled as “5%

acidity,” which means that it

contains 5 grams of acetic acid

in 100 g of vinegar.

The concentration of solid solutions, like

gold jewelry, is expressed as karat.

Pure gold is referred to as 24 karats.

Sample Problem 1How many mL of ethyl alcohol are present

in a 50 mL bottle of rubbing alcohol?

50 mL Rubbing Alcohol 𝑥70 mL ethyl alcohol

100 mL rubbing alcohol= 35 mL

ethyl alcohol

Sample Problem 2A one peso coin has a mass of 5.5 grams.

How many grams of copper are in a one

peso coin containing 75% copper by

mass?

5.4 g coin75 g copper

100 g coin𝑥 = 4.0 g copper

So, a 5.4 grams one peso coin contains,

Factors Affecting

How Fast a Solid

Solute Dissolves

Factors Affecting How Fast a

Solid Solute Dissolves

Stirring or Agitation

Particle Size

Increase in temperature

Concentration of solution

Pressure on Gas

Like dissolves like

The Effect of Stirring

The Effect of

StirringTEACHER’S DEMONSTRATION

Go to Link…

Agitation makes the solute

dissolves more rapidly because

it brings fresh solvent into

contact with the surface of the

solute. However, agitation

affects only the rate at which

a solute dissolves.

It cannot influence the

amount of solute that

dissolves. An insoluble

substance will remain

undissolved no matter

how much the system

is agitated.

Also, particle size does not

affect solubility. It can

affect the RATE at which

something dissolves, but it

will not change the total

amount of material that

can ultimately dissolve

(solubility).

ACTIVITY NO. 4

SIZE MATTERS!

Particle Size

The size does not

that matters on the

rate of solubility,

but the area of

contact.

We see that the dissolving

of an object happens

because there are

collisions between the

solvent and the solute.

When the solute is BIG, for

example a block, the

solvent can only collide

with the surface of the

block, but not the middle

of the block. that means it

will take a longer time for

the solvent to dissolve the

solute.

When the block is

pondered into a

powdery state, it is

easier for the solvent

to dissolve the solute

because of the larger

area of collisions.

ACTIVITY NO. 5

How Fast Does Coffee

Dissolve in Hot Water? In

Cold Water?

Temperature

The solubility of

a gas in a liquid

decrease with a

temperature. In

fact, the

solubility of a

gas in water is

usually zero at

its boiling point.

The solubility of

solids and liquids is

closely related to

the heat of

solution.

The heat of

solution is the heat

evolved with to

the surroundings,

the process is

exothermal and

exothermic

If heat is absorbed

from the

surroundings, the

process is

endothermal or

endothermic and

the heat of solution

is a positive

quantity.

CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION

We have already discussed concentration of

solution.

#2#1 #3 #4

What do you remember?

Pressure

Liquids and solids exhibit

practically no change of

solubility with changes in

pressure. Gases as might

be expected, increase in

solubility with an increase

in pressure.

Henry's Law states

that: The solubility of

a gas in a liquid is

directly proportional to

the pressure of that

gas above the surface

of the solution.

Gas Molecules

Effect of Pressure to Solubility of Gas

PRESSURE:

Gas at Low Pressure

Dissolved gas

molecules

Gas at High Pressure

Gas molecules can

enter the liquid and

becomes dissolved.

When the gas is compressed,

gas molecules enter the

liquid more frequently, so

more are dissolved.

Coka

Loca

Coka

Loca

CO2 under high

pressure

Lots of CO2

dissolved in

soda

CO2 bubbles

out of solution

Pressure released

If the pressure is

increased, the gas

molecules are "forced"

into the solution since

this will best relieve

the pressure that has

been applied.Carbonated beverages

provide the best example

of this phenomena.

Like-dissolve-like:

Aptly explains the

interaction between

the solute and

solvent.

Polar dissolves

polar

1: Like-dissolve-like:

Aptly explains the

interaction between

the solute and

solvent.

Polar dissolves

polar

Non-polar dissolves

non polar

What have you learned?

Now that you have completed the activities in this module, you have

learned the properties of a solution, the ways of reporting its

concentration, as well as the effects of stirring, particle size,

temperature, and type of solute on how fast a solid dissolves in water.

While learning about solutions, you also had the chance to gather

information and gain new knowledge through the process of

conducting science investigations. You also learned the importance of

identifying the variables that had to be controlled in order to make a

good plan for measuring and testing the variables you are concerned

about.

What you have started doing in these investigations is what scientists

usually do when they seek answers to a scientific question or problem.

In the next modules, you will be challenged to ask more questions

about materials around you. You will try to explain answers to your

hypothesis

(your suggested explanation) after you have done your investigation.

SUMMARY: SOLUTION is a system in which one or more substances are

homogenous mixed.

A solution has two (2) components: SOLUTE AND SOLVENT.

SOLUBILITY is the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a

given amount of solvent at a specified temperature.

The 6 factors that affect solubility are: (a) Stirring or Agitation (b)

Particle Size (c) Increase in temperature, (d) Concentration of

solution (e) Pressure on Gas (f) Like dissolves like.

The concentration of solution expresses the amount of solute

dissolved in a given quantity of solvent: Concentration can be

expressed in different ways:

As dilute or concentrated

As saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated

Percent by weight, percent by volume, or percent by weight/volume.

QUIZZES

KNOWLEDGE:

Process:

Understanding:

Oral Recitation:

Pre/Post Test

DANIEL CORTON TABINGA, JR.

© 2014