d4.3 final report of city application software, field...
TRANSCRIPT
FP7-ICT-2013-EU-Japan
ClouT Cloud of Things for empowering the citizen clout in smart cities
FP7 contract number 608641
NICT management number 167 ア
Project deliverable
D43 ndash Final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results
ABS TR AC T
This deliverable presents the final report of the city applications and field trials development and evaluation of them within the urban scenarios provided by the four cities in the consortium thus updating the progress accomplished in the third year Additionally to field trialsrsquo update the deliverable also relates to the development of intercontinental field trial which gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 Finally it has been carried out the evaluation of the different field trials developed during this third year identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs as well as highlighting the different involved stakeholders
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 2
Disclaimer
This document has been produced in the context of the ClouT Project which is jointly funded by the European Commission (grant agreement ndeg 608641) and NICT from Japan (management number
167ア) All information provided in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is
given that the information is fit for any particular purpose The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability This document contains material which is the copyright of certain ClouT partners and may not be reproduced or copied without permission All ClouT consortium partners have agreed to the full publication of this document The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the owner of that information For the avoidance of all doubts the European Commission and NICT have no liability in respect of this document which is merely representing the view of the project consortium This document is subject to change without notice
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 3
EU Editor Joseacute Antonio Galache UC
JP Editor Takuro Yonezawa KEIO
Authors [Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
Internal reviewer Marco Grella ST (can be removed for the final version)
Deliverable type R
Dissemination level
(Confidentiality)
PU
Contractual Delivery Date 31032016
Actual Delivery Date 27042016
Keywords IoT Cloud smart cities intercontinental field trial KPIs
Revision history
Revision Date Description Author (Organisation)
V01 09032016 Table of Contents created
Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
V02 06042016 Contributions to Section 23 31 32 and 4
Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V03 11042016 Contributions to Sections 21 22 24 and 32
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Marco Grella (ST)
V04 13042016 Contributions to Sections 23 and 24
Sonia Sotero (SAN) Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD)
V05 18042016 Contributions to Executive Summary and Section 34 Edition of formats figures and tables
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V06 20042016 Contributions to Sections 1 22 23 24
Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 4
33 35 4 and 5 Ready for internal review
(NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V07 21042016 Internal review Editing issues fixed
Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V08 22042016 Summary table in Section 1 Modifications in Section 21 and 4 Some comments addressed
Ciro Formisano (ENG) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V09 26042016 Contribution to Sumary table Final editing
Takuro Yonezawa (Keio) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V10 27042016 Contribution to Section 22
Roberto Contri (GEN)
V11 28062016 New sections 4321 and 4322 added including more information on the Intercontinental Field Trial as suggested by the final review report
UC KEIO CEA
Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION 12
11 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 12 12 TARGET AUDIENCE 14 13 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 14
2 FINAL STATUS OF APPLICATIONS AND FIELD TRIALS 15
21 FUJISAWA 15 211 Overview 15 212 Integration within ClouT architecture 16 213 Design and implementation 16 214 Collaboration with stakeholders 22 215 KPIs and evaluation results 22 216 Summary 23
22 GENOVA 23 221 Overview 23 222 Integration within ClouT architecture 24 223 Design and implementation 24 224 Collaboration with stakeholders 25 225 KPIs and evaluation results 25 226 Summary 25
23 MITAKA 26 231 Overview 26 232 Integration within ClouT architecture 27 233 Design and implementation 27 234 Collaboration with stakeholders 29
2341 City of Mitaka 29
2342 Mitaka Network University 30
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation 30
2344 Others 30
235 KPIs and evaluation results 31 236 Summary 35
24 SANTANDER 35 241 Overview 35 242 Integration within ClouT architecture 36 243 Design and implementation 36 244 Collaboration with stakeholders 40 245 KPIs and evaluation results 42 246 Summary 45
3 FINAL STATUS OF INTEGRATION DEMOS 46
31 SENSOR AND BIG DATA STORAGE 46 311 Overview 46 312 Architecture 46 313 Design and implementation 47 314 Summary 49
32 IOT PROTOCOL ADAPTERS 50 321 Overview 50 322 Architecture 51 323 Design and implementation 52
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 2
Disclaimer
This document has been produced in the context of the ClouT Project which is jointly funded by the European Commission (grant agreement ndeg 608641) and NICT from Japan (management number
167ア) All information provided in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is
given that the information is fit for any particular purpose The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability This document contains material which is the copyright of certain ClouT partners and may not be reproduced or copied without permission All ClouT consortium partners have agreed to the full publication of this document The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the owner of that information For the avoidance of all doubts the European Commission and NICT have no liability in respect of this document which is merely representing the view of the project consortium This document is subject to change without notice
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 3
EU Editor Joseacute Antonio Galache UC
JP Editor Takuro Yonezawa KEIO
Authors [Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
Internal reviewer Marco Grella ST (can be removed for the final version)
Deliverable type R
Dissemination level
(Confidentiality)
PU
Contractual Delivery Date 31032016
Actual Delivery Date 27042016
Keywords IoT Cloud smart cities intercontinental field trial KPIs
Revision history
Revision Date Description Author (Organisation)
V01 09032016 Table of Contents created
Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
V02 06042016 Contributions to Section 23 31 32 and 4
Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V03 11042016 Contributions to Sections 21 22 24 and 32
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Marco Grella (ST)
V04 13042016 Contributions to Sections 23 and 24
Sonia Sotero (SAN) Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD)
V05 18042016 Contributions to Executive Summary and Section 34 Edition of formats figures and tables
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V06 20042016 Contributions to Sections 1 22 23 24
Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 4
33 35 4 and 5 Ready for internal review
(NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V07 21042016 Internal review Editing issues fixed
Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V08 22042016 Summary table in Section 1 Modifications in Section 21 and 4 Some comments addressed
Ciro Formisano (ENG) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V09 26042016 Contribution to Sumary table Final editing
Takuro Yonezawa (Keio) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V10 27042016 Contribution to Section 22
Roberto Contri (GEN)
V11 28062016 New sections 4321 and 4322 added including more information on the Intercontinental Field Trial as suggested by the final review report
UC KEIO CEA
Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION 12
11 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 12 12 TARGET AUDIENCE 14 13 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 14
2 FINAL STATUS OF APPLICATIONS AND FIELD TRIALS 15
21 FUJISAWA 15 211 Overview 15 212 Integration within ClouT architecture 16 213 Design and implementation 16 214 Collaboration with stakeholders 22 215 KPIs and evaluation results 22 216 Summary 23
22 GENOVA 23 221 Overview 23 222 Integration within ClouT architecture 24 223 Design and implementation 24 224 Collaboration with stakeholders 25 225 KPIs and evaluation results 25 226 Summary 25
23 MITAKA 26 231 Overview 26 232 Integration within ClouT architecture 27 233 Design and implementation 27 234 Collaboration with stakeholders 29
2341 City of Mitaka 29
2342 Mitaka Network University 30
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation 30
2344 Others 30
235 KPIs and evaluation results 31 236 Summary 35
24 SANTANDER 35 241 Overview 35 242 Integration within ClouT architecture 36 243 Design and implementation 36 244 Collaboration with stakeholders 40 245 KPIs and evaluation results 42 246 Summary 45
3 FINAL STATUS OF INTEGRATION DEMOS 46
31 SENSOR AND BIG DATA STORAGE 46 311 Overview 46 312 Architecture 46 313 Design and implementation 47 314 Summary 49
32 IOT PROTOCOL ADAPTERS 50 321 Overview 50 322 Architecture 51 323 Design and implementation 52
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 3
EU Editor Joseacute Antonio Galache UC
JP Editor Takuro Yonezawa KEIO
Authors [Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
Internal reviewer Marco Grella ST (can be removed for the final version)
Deliverable type R
Dissemination level
(Confidentiality)
PU
Contractual Delivery Date 31032016
Actual Delivery Date 27042016
Keywords IoT Cloud smart cities intercontinental field trial KPIs
Revision history
Revision Date Description Author (Organisation)
V01 09032016 Table of Contents created
Joseacute Antonio Galache (UC)
V02 06042016 Contributions to Section 23 31 32 and 4
Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Ciro Formisano (ENG) Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V03 11042016 Contributions to Sections 21 22 24 and 32
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Marco Grella (ST)
V04 13042016 Contributions to Sections 23 and 24
Sonia Sotero (SAN) Keiko Doguchi (NTTE) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD)
V05 18042016 Contributions to Executive Summary and Section 34 Edition of formats figures and tables
Takuro Yonezawa (KEIO) Hiroyuki Maeomichi (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V06 20042016 Contributions to Sections 1 22 23 24
Roberto Contri (GEN) Sonia Sotero (SAN) Hiroyuki Maeomichi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 4
33 35 4 and 5 Ready for internal review
(NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V07 21042016 Internal review Editing issues fixed
Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V08 22042016 Summary table in Section 1 Modifications in Section 21 and 4 Some comments addressed
Ciro Formisano (ENG) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V09 26042016 Contribution to Sumary table Final editing
Takuro Yonezawa (Keio) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V10 27042016 Contribution to Section 22
Roberto Contri (GEN)
V11 28062016 New sections 4321 and 4322 added including more information on the Intercontinental Field Trial as suggested by the final review report
UC KEIO CEA
Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION 12
11 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 12 12 TARGET AUDIENCE 14 13 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 14
2 FINAL STATUS OF APPLICATIONS AND FIELD TRIALS 15
21 FUJISAWA 15 211 Overview 15 212 Integration within ClouT architecture 16 213 Design and implementation 16 214 Collaboration with stakeholders 22 215 KPIs and evaluation results 22 216 Summary 23
22 GENOVA 23 221 Overview 23 222 Integration within ClouT architecture 24 223 Design and implementation 24 224 Collaboration with stakeholders 25 225 KPIs and evaluation results 25 226 Summary 25
23 MITAKA 26 231 Overview 26 232 Integration within ClouT architecture 27 233 Design and implementation 27 234 Collaboration with stakeholders 29
2341 City of Mitaka 29
2342 Mitaka Network University 30
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation 30
2344 Others 30
235 KPIs and evaluation results 31 236 Summary 35
24 SANTANDER 35 241 Overview 35 242 Integration within ClouT architecture 36 243 Design and implementation 36 244 Collaboration with stakeholders 40 245 KPIs and evaluation results 42 246 Summary 45
3 FINAL STATUS OF INTEGRATION DEMOS 46
31 SENSOR AND BIG DATA STORAGE 46 311 Overview 46 312 Architecture 46 313 Design and implementation 47 314 Summary 49
32 IOT PROTOCOL ADAPTERS 50 321 Overview 50 322 Architecture 51 323 Design and implementation 52
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 4
33 35 4 and 5 Ready for internal review
(NTTRD) Fuyuki Ishikawa (NII) Christophe Munilla (CEA) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V07 21042016 Internal review Editing issues fixed
Marco Grella (ST) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V08 22042016 Summary table in Section 1 Modifications in Section 21 and 4 Some comments addressed
Ciro Formisano (ENG) Futoshi Naya (NTTRD) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V09 26042016 Contribution to Sumary table Final editing
Takuro Yonezawa (Keio) Joseacute A Galache (UC)
V10 27042016 Contribution to Section 22
Roberto Contri (GEN)
V11 28062016 New sections 4321 and 4322 added including more information on the Intercontinental Field Trial as suggested by the final review report
UC KEIO CEA
Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION 12
11 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 12 12 TARGET AUDIENCE 14 13 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 14
2 FINAL STATUS OF APPLICATIONS AND FIELD TRIALS 15
21 FUJISAWA 15 211 Overview 15 212 Integration within ClouT architecture 16 213 Design and implementation 16 214 Collaboration with stakeholders 22 215 KPIs and evaluation results 22 216 Summary 23
22 GENOVA 23 221 Overview 23 222 Integration within ClouT architecture 24 223 Design and implementation 24 224 Collaboration with stakeholders 25 225 KPIs and evaluation results 25 226 Summary 25
23 MITAKA 26 231 Overview 26 232 Integration within ClouT architecture 27 233 Design and implementation 27 234 Collaboration with stakeholders 29
2341 City of Mitaka 29
2342 Mitaka Network University 30
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation 30
2344 Others 30
235 KPIs and evaluation results 31 236 Summary 35
24 SANTANDER 35 241 Overview 35 242 Integration within ClouT architecture 36 243 Design and implementation 36 244 Collaboration with stakeholders 40 245 KPIs and evaluation results 42 246 Summary 45
3 FINAL STATUS OF INTEGRATION DEMOS 46
31 SENSOR AND BIG DATA STORAGE 46 311 Overview 46 312 Architecture 46 313 Design and implementation 47 314 Summary 49
32 IOT PROTOCOL ADAPTERS 50 321 Overview 50 322 Architecture 51 323 Design and implementation 52
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION 12
11 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 12 12 TARGET AUDIENCE 14 13 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 14
2 FINAL STATUS OF APPLICATIONS AND FIELD TRIALS 15
21 FUJISAWA 15 211 Overview 15 212 Integration within ClouT architecture 16 213 Design and implementation 16 214 Collaboration with stakeholders 22 215 KPIs and evaluation results 22 216 Summary 23
22 GENOVA 23 221 Overview 23 222 Integration within ClouT architecture 24 223 Design and implementation 24 224 Collaboration with stakeholders 25 225 KPIs and evaluation results 25 226 Summary 25
23 MITAKA 26 231 Overview 26 232 Integration within ClouT architecture 27 233 Design and implementation 27 234 Collaboration with stakeholders 29
2341 City of Mitaka 29
2342 Mitaka Network University 30
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation 30
2344 Others 30
235 KPIs and evaluation results 31 236 Summary 35
24 SANTANDER 35 241 Overview 35 242 Integration within ClouT architecture 36 243 Design and implementation 36 244 Collaboration with stakeholders 40 245 KPIs and evaluation results 42 246 Summary 45
3 FINAL STATUS OF INTEGRATION DEMOS 46
31 SENSOR AND BIG DATA STORAGE 46 311 Overview 46 312 Architecture 46 313 Design and implementation 47 314 Summary 49
32 IOT PROTOCOL ADAPTERS 50 321 Overview 50 322 Architecture 51 323 Design and implementation 52
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 6
324 Summary 53 33 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION 54
331 Overview 55 332 Summary 57
34 WIDGET AND MAP-BASED VISUALIZATION 57 341 Overview 57 342 Architecture 58 343 Design and implementation 58 344 Summary 60
35 COMUNICATION BRIDGES 60 351 Overview 60 352 Architecture 60 353 Design and implementation 62 354 Summary 62
4 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL 63
411 Overview 63 4111 City dashboard 63
412 Integration within ClouT architecture 64 413 Design and implementation 65
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial 65
4132 Index calculation 67
414 Collaboration with stakeholders 68 415 KPIs evaluation 68 416 Summary 68
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STEPS 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Field trial places in Fujisawa city 15 Figure 2 Sensorized garbage patrol cars 16 Figure 3 shonandai Station 19 Figure 4 Fujisawa city office (Left public display right space player) 19 Figure 5 Mechanism of remotely update sensor node programs 20 Figure 6 Sequence diagram updating sensor node program 20 Figure 7 How to register new program through control center 21 Figure 8 An example of remote update (sampling rate is changed) 22 Figure 9 Palazzo Rosso in genova 23 Figure 10 Mutimedia room (top) entrance to the museum and first interaction wit app 24 Figure 11 Iononrischio application dashboard 25 Figure 12 Overall of sanpoki field trial scenario 27 Figure 13 sanpoki application user interface and functions 28 Figure 14 How to play sanpoki 29 Figure 15 Sanpoki Workshop 30 Figure 16 Sanpoki prizes 31 Figure 17 Partcipant comparison by age range 32 Figure 18 Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded 32 Figure 19 Numbers of Log-ined users by time 32 Figure 20 Smiley coupon e-kiosk located at tourism office premises 36 Figure 22 Smiley coupon e-kiosk main webpage 37 Figure 21 Smiley coupon e-kiosk StandBY screen 37 Figure 23 Introductory webpage 38 Figure 24 Smiley webpage 38 Figure 25 Maximum degree of smile webpage 39 Figure 26 Offers webpage 39 Figure 27 Thank you and short questionnaire webpage 40 Figure 28 Warning message associated to minors 41 Figure 29 Smiley coupon logo 42 Figure 30 Smiley coupon users by gender 43 Figure 31 Smiley coupon users by range of age (female) 43 Figure 32 Smiley coupon users by range of age (male) 43 Figure 33 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 50 44 Figure 34 Smiley coupon users with a degree of smile better than 80 44 Figure 35 Answers to what do you think about smiley coupon 44 Figure 36 Answers to would you recommend it Do you think it is a useful idea 45 Figure 37 ClouT storage in ClouT architecture 47 Figure 38 Details of CDMI Gateway 48 Figure 39 CDMI Storage Nodes 48 Figure 40 IoT Device Wrapping 50 Figure 41 IoT Device Wrapping scenarios 51 Figure 42 OMA LWM2M Client Server positioning 52 Figure 43 Leshan integration in sensiNact Gateway 53 Figure 44 IPSO Smart Obects on Leshan server 54
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 8
Figure 45 External architecture for application development and verification 55 Figure 46 Internal architecture for application development and verification 56 Figure 47 Example of verification report 57 Figure 48 System architecture of clout city dashboard 58 Figure 49Main menu of dashboard 59 Figure 50 example of city dashboard 59 Figure 51 Interface for adding widget 60 Figure 52 sensiNact gatewayrsquos communication bridges 61 Figure 53 sensiNact southbound amp northbound bridges 61 Figure 49 ClouT Agent 62 Figure 55 Intercontinental Field Trial competition dashboard 63 Figure 56 Genova city dashboard 64 Figure 57 Integration of intercontinental FT within ClouT platform 64
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ClouT benefits for each field trial 13 Table 2 DIfferent screens of fujisawa dashboard 17 Table 3 Mitaka field trial roadmap 26 Table 4 collaboration with stakeholders in Mitaka 29 Table 5 Sensors used in the Intercontinental field trial 65 Table 6 Indexes used in the intercontinental field trial 67
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks API Application programming interface CDMI Cloud Data Management Interface CIaaS City Infrastructure as a Service CoAP Constraint Application Protocol CoRE Constrained RESTful Environments CPaaS City Platform as a Service CPU Central Processing Unit CSaaS City Software as a Service DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security FT Field Trial HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol ID Identifier IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IoT Internet of Things IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6 IPSO Internet Protocol for Smart Objects JSON Javascript Object Notation JSON-RPC Remote Procedure Call protocol encoded in JSON JVM Java Virtual Machine LWM2M Lightweight Machine To Machine (Device management protocol by
OMA) OMA Open Mobile Alliance OS Operative System OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (server side scripting language) REST Representational State Transfer SPGW Service Provision Gateway SQL Structured Query Language URI Uniform Resource Identifier URN Uniform Resource Name URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VM Virtual Machine W3C World Wide Web Consortium WSN Wireless Sensor Network XML Extensible Markup Language XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The final report of City Application software field trials and evaluation results shows the status of the field trials and applications demos at the end of the project indicating the main updates carried out during the third year of the project In this sense for each of the four pilot cities within the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus indicating the main work carried out in terms of integration of the different reusable assets defined in deliverables D24 [D24] and D34 [D34] This document presents also updated sections dealing with the relationship with the main stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and measuring (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) the more specific KPIs
As carried out in D42 apart from the field trials and in order to identify synergies among the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 status of architecture integration demos some of them as a continuation of those defined in D42 and others exploiting new operational blocks has been updated
Additionally within this deliverable it is described an intercontinental field trial that has been developed during the 3rd year of the project gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project and relying on the communication among the different modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 This intercontinental field trial has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities
Finally main conclusions are derived mainly associated with the inclusion of the different modules derived from all the partners within an intercontinental field trial thus showing in a real scenario the capacity of the ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 12
1 Introduction
11 Scope of the document
This deliverable describes the applications and field trials developed in the third year (some of them continuation of those described in D42) of the project in the four cities within the consortium Mitaka Fujisawa Genova and Santander Considering the final implementation in D24 and D34 of the different modules of the ClouT reference architecture it will be defined for each of the field trials those software modules and architectural blocks involved in the operation of the corresponding field trial In this sense additionally to the field trials the status of the different integration demos is updated with the developments carried out in the third year of the project as a complement to the modules described in D24 and D34 discovering synergies among them All these efforts aims at trying to converge towards mapping most part of the reference architecture into physical functional modules interacting under the framework of the different field trials in the project Additionally sections dealing with the main involved stakeholders as well as the evaluation of the different field trials identifying and including results (when available depending on the scope and maturity of the field trial) of the more specific KPIs are included
Apart from the previously described update a new field trial at intercontinental level involving all the partners in the consortium has been implemented during the 3th year of the project and it is described in this deliverable This field trial relies on the communication among most of the modules and entities developed within the scope of WP2 and WP3 gathering information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project processing these data accordingly and showing them in an understandable way to the users (citizens) For increasing the diffusion of this intercontinental field trial it has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus showing information associated to each of them as well as including a kind of competition among the four cities In this sense it is implemented the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualization tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities Additionally to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
Regarding to aforementioned applications some of them have been replicated in other cities of the project as for instance the smiley coupon application implemented by Fujisawa in the second year of the project has been replicated in the city of Santander in this third year others like ldquopaw collectionrdquo developed in Mitaka in the second year of the project has evolved in the third year towards the ldquoSanpokirdquo application improving and extending functionalities of the previous application and others like the surfboard have been integrated within the intercontinental field trial
Table 1 summarizes the different field trials deployed in the different cities within the consortium also showing the main ClouT benefits associated to each of them
Finally they are highlighted interesting conclusions derived from the capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT architecture as shown in the intercontinental FT as well as main lines for future work mainly associated with the flexibility of the ClouT architecture in terms of including new functional entities as well as additional data sources associated to real sensorised or virtual devices
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 13
TABLE 1 CLOUT BENEFITS FOR EACH FIELD TRIAL
Field trial ClouT advantages
Fujisawa Deployed ClouT City Dashboard
and Smiley Coupon at two locations
Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office
to let citizens notice more status of the
entire city or nearby locations
ClouT virtual sensor mechanism provides easy-and-
intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-
Cloud federated smart city applications Remote
program update functionality on sensor nodes allows
flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT
devices deployed in smart cities according to the
stakeholders demand
Genova A new and improved version of I
dont risk based on Jquery Mobile will
provide data about Webcam Wheater
Station Hydrometers Air Sensors In
particular one of the main objective is to
store historical enviromental data using the
cloud services provided by the platform
Potentially an unlimited storage capacity to archive
data ( and historical data too) an opportunity to
rationalize and decrease costs reliability possibility
to increase the communication and response speed
easy combination of IoT devices local authority
planning and transportation departments supporting
collaborative solutions to reduce traffic problems and
best practices strategies for implementation
Improved stakeholder satisfaction through
involvement in the processMore efficient interface
with regulatory authorities Improves safety by
reducing risk with faster communication Easily
accessible to all users free software reduce traffic
with real-time information to take better choices
Mitaka Sanpoki application (evolution of
Paw collection application) field trial
represents one of the citizen participation
opportunities It is an application to
motivate walk throughout town and is also
a new ICT tool for citizens to casually
participate in town creation The big
difference and improved factor from Paw
Collection is that anybody who has a
smartphone with updated OS could
download the application and participate
Collected information can be shared through ClouT
virtual sensor mechanism with appropriate level of
access control Also unlimited storage capacity and
scalable processing power enables this kind of field
trial more feasible and stable These ClouT features
enable applications to be used in single municipality
but also multiple international municipality with
privacy preserving
Santander Replication of smiley coupon in
the Santander tourism office also involving
and helping to activate commercial and
restaurant sectors thus generating offers
associated to a coupon obatined by users
associated to their best smile
Storage of gathered information within the ClouT
platform offering the capability of filtering and
processing the information accordingly in order to
combine with other data available in the platform
Additionally the gathered information can be
automatically shown in the city dashboard as part of
an index associated with the level of participation and
involvement of citizens
Intercontiental FT Show a kind of
lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities
Gathering of different data sources (sensorized
virtual open data city deployed resources) with
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 14
involved the project Fujisawa Genova
Mitaka and Santander thus comparing
similar data gathered from all of them In
order to generate useful and
understandable information for citizens
this raw data will be translated into
different indexes related with environment
transport or quality of life which will be
included in a dashboard website shown in
cuty public displays Apart from the
competition dashboard a specific
dashboard and a mobile application for
each city have been developed showing city
specific info
heterogeneous access interfaces (REST XMPP
Orion) Centralized storage of the information within
the ClouT storage platform The unpredictable and
potentially unlimited amount of data to be stored
requires the scalability and the elasticity provided by
ClouT Storage Retreival and processing (index
claculation) of the information in order to show it in
a common dashboard
12 Target Audience
This deliverable mainly targets to the municipalities and citizens as it presents different applications developed in the cities and as a consequence fostering citizensrsquo participation thus in a direct way through the use of mobile applications or indirectly asking for them to participate in the deployed services From the technical point of view both application developers and service providers will take advantage of the integration demos as well as the intercontinental field trial where capacity of interaction among the different modules within the ClouT reference architecture has been clearly stated thus showing the potential of this architecture for generating new added value services
13 Structure of the Document
After the introduction section chapter 2 includes the final status of the applications and field trials deployed in each of the four pilot cities of the project For each of them it is included an overview followed by the mapping of the field trial into the project architecture interaction with main involved stakeholders including finally the more relevant KPIs and outcomes for the evaluation of each field trial assessment level
In chapter 3 the final status of integration demos is described in detail thus defining the functionalities (described in D24 and D34) used by each of them in the different layers of the ClouT architecture in order to converge towards an integrated component to fulfil a specific set of functionalities
Chapter 4 includes the description of the intercontinental field trial developed during the third year of the project addressing same subsections as the field trials described in Chapter 2
Finally in the last section conclusions from the developed field trials and the implemented demos are derived thus setting the basis for the future lines that could be addressed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 15
2 Final status of applications and field trials
Indicate the updates of each of the field trials including the main updates regarding to year 2 and explaining a bit more in detail for those new or replicated field trials
21 Fujisawa
211 Overview
Last year we conducted a field trial called Enokama Info Surfboard and Smiley Coupon at Kamakura Station and Enoshima Station To continue and extend the trial and also to test the feasibility of ClouT platform we conducted a final field trial in Fujisawa at two locations Shonandai Station and Fujisawa city office (see Figure 1) We deployed ClouT City Dashboard at both locations to let citizens notice more status of the entire city or nearby locations We used same program code for the applications however thanks to the ClouTrsquos virtual sensor mechanism it is easy to chooseapply sensors to be targeted of the application Thus Shonandai station can provide information such as train or bus information just by changing sensors to be used instead Fujisawa city office mainly shows information about the entire city In this field trial we confirmed that our ClouT platform can work well in actual environment and also it can provide easy-and-intuitive ways of programming and managing IoT-Cloud federated smart city applications
FIGURE 1 FIELD TRIAL PLACES IN FUJISAWA CITY
As for a trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we additionally installed the mobile atmospheric sensor system in four cars in Fujisawa City during the last year (four garbage patrol cars See Figure 1) Seven garbage collection cars in total are currently running as mobile sensing stations We have also integrated a function of remote program update on a sensor node into the mobile atmospheric sensor system Based on the several examinations of the remote program update we confirmed that the function works stably in actual environment through our ClouT platform
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 16
FIGURE 2 SENSORIZED GARBAGE PATROL CARS
212 Integration within ClouT architecture
The Fujisawa field trial system follows ClouT reference architecture and actually integrates several components from ClouT implementation set Sensor data come from XMPP-based virtual sensor system and the data source of the virtual sensor are garbage collection cars in Fujisawa city or sensors created by Sensoriser tool In addition via sensiNact gateway sensor data can be stored into cloud platform via CDMI interface
213 Design and implementation
Figure shows system architecture of field trial in Fujisawa Regarding to the design for sensor data sources we leveraged garbage trucks sensors and sensorised information around Fujisawa city Collected information is transmitted by Sensor-Over-XMPP protocol For the web application we used a JavaScript library for Sensor-Over-XMPP Virtual sensor nodes are also integrated with sensiNact gateway so that their provided information can also be transmitted for other cities and to the cloud storage via CDMI The web application is displayed in two ways one is public display and the other is SpacePlayer with NMStage (Panasonic Products with ClouT integration) NMStage is also monitoring sensor data values and if there are some events happened in Fujisawa city which are detected by certain threshold of virtual sensor nodesrsquo data the content of the SpacePlayer is dynamically changed Hereafter we show examples of contents displayed at public displays1
1Displays shown in Table 2 have been also implemented for the rest of cities as explained in Section 4111
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 17
TABLE 2 DIFFERENT SCREENS OF FUJISAWA DASHBOARD
Screenshot Description
It displays overall information for Fujisawa city Citizens can see current status of Fujisawa at a glance
It displays current air condition at Fujisawa city It calculates from several sensors via ClouT platform such as humidity temperature PM25 etc
It displays driving index for Fujisawa city It means that current situation is how appropriate for driving This is also calculated by several sensor data such as traffic status weather etc
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 18
This displays simple information about weather such as rainy possibility
This displays UV index of Fujisawa city
This also displays simple information of weather forecast such as high temperature low temperature and weather
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 19
This also displays simple information of weather about winds
We deployed a public display at Shonandai Station (see Figure 3) and Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-left) and also SpacePlayer in Fujisawa City Office (see Figure 4-right)
FIGURE 3 SHONANDAI STATION
FIGURE 4 FUJISAWA CITY OFFICE (LEFT PUBLIC DISPLAY RIGHT SPACE PLAYER)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 20
As for the sensorized garbage cars we newly designed and integrated the remote program update functionality into the mobile atmospheric sensing system in Fujisawa This functionality is quite important in cases of fixing or modifying sensor node programs after deployment as well as dynamically changing sensing parameters eg sampling rate of some specific air pollution sensor data according to the city needs As described in D22 a CILIX Virtual Machine (VM) developed by NTT RampD provides functionality for updating the program on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network We re-designed and implemented a new CILIX functionality to handle remote program update via relaying gateways through 3G cellular networks
FIGURE 5 MECHANISM OF REMOTELY UPDATE SENSOR NODE PROGRAMS
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM UPDATING SENSOR NODE PROGRAM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 21
Figure 5 shows a mechanism of remote program update on sensor nodes installed in garbage cars If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node heshe only needs to choose a target sensor node and register a new program through a monitoring software called Control Center After the registration the sensor node program is updated thorough following steps
1 Control Center sends the program to the local server 2 A gateway (mbed u-blox C027) installed in a garbage car periodically checks update
information and downloads the program from the server via 3G cellular networks 3 The gateway updates the new program on a target sensor node through CILIX VM
Figure 6 shows a sequence diagram of updating sensor node program Sensor data collected by a sensor node mounted on a garbage car is once transmitted to the gateway with a serial communication and the bunch of data with GPS information is periodically sent to the remote server via the gateway If the server has a newly registered program for the corresponding sensor node the server sends latest program information to the gateway including sensor node id lists latest program name date and time and version of the program registered and downloads URL as a response of receiving sensor data After receiving the information the gateway judges whether the program on the connected sensor node needs to be updated or not If needed the gateway downloads the latest program and updates the latest program through the CILIX functionality After updating the program the gateway acknowledges to the server with the corresponding sensor node name program name and version
FIGURE 7 HOW TO REGISTER NEW PROGRAM THROUGH CONTROL CENTER
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 22
FIGURE 8 AN EXAMPLE OF REMOTE UPDATE (SAMPLING RATE IS CHANGED)
A new sensor program can be easily updated via Control Center Figure 7 shows the procedure for updating a new program through Control Center If a user wants to update a program on a sensor node first launch the update program dialog on Control Center Then select the target sensor node for updating program select the corresponding program and set its version and push Update button Figure 8 shows an example of changing sampling rate of UV data from every 60 seconds to every 2 seconds
214 Collaboration with stakeholders
We have discussed with Fujisawa municipality about utilizing the sensor data collected by sensorized garbage cars and the sensing system itself Fujisawa municipalityrsquos concern is to make citizens to reduce waste and make the waste management more efficient Through the discussion we could extract a possibility of future field trial plan of capturing the amount of waste collected in each area of Fujisawa city by installing a new sensor to a garbage truck Visualizing statistical information about the amount of waste through a City dashboard would be a key to affect citizensrsquo behavior to reduce waste and is worth to be evaluated in a future trial
215 KPIs and evaluation results
This field trial mainly focused on feasibility and integrate-ability of ClouT architecture and components Also we evaluated how easily our architecture enables developers to implement a complete system We conducted an about two month length field trial Firstly our virtual sensor system continuously works perfectly for field trial period Virtual sensor system has more than 10000 sensors and distributed more than 10 Giga bytes of data per day With this condition our infrastructure system did not stop For interface parts there are sometimes stops due to operating systemrsquos error This part is not included in ClouT target however this was a critical problem in our field trial Therefore we installed our dependability monitoring system so that the system worked in a stable way for a longer period We also displayed a link for citizensrsquo questionnaire about the system by using posters under the public displays We have only few answers so that it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 23
is not enough to evaluate our trial however this also implies that citizens can focus on our system rather than poster and questionnaire This means that our system is naturally integrated in the environment
In the field trial of sensorized garbage collection cars we installed the first sensor in January 2015 Totally 7 sensorized garbage collection cars gathered about 200 Mega records from 15 types of sensors for 15 months The gathered sensor data is transmitted to the server and several applications in near real-time We also confirmed that we can successfully update sensor node programs on the garbage collection cars remotely This remote update functionality is important to provide more flexible operation and maintenance of various IoT devices deployed in smart cities based on ClouT architecture
With these results we can confirm that
- ClouT infrastructure systems can work in actual environment Sensor data are continuously distributed to applications
- Not only infrastructure-level but also problems related to operating systems have to be taken into account for the success of field trials
216 Summary
We conducted Fujisawa field trial for two months The system displays various city information from many kinds of sensors via ClouT architecture As a result we confirmed that our ClouT infrastructure stably provides various information for several applications As future work we plan to deploy the system as a usual information system for municipality
22 Genova
221 Overview
Genova Municipality conducted field test trials in the prestigious setting of Palazzo Rosso (Figure 9) one of the most important mansions in Genoa in order to involve citizens tourists and the nearby activities to participate
FIGURE 9 PALAZZO ROSSO IN GENOVA
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 24
222 Integration within ClouT architecture
The system used for Genoa field trial follows ClouT reference architecture and integrates data coming from ClouT virtual sensors that in turn elaborate on the data from various sensors from the city
223 Design and implementation
The idea was to introduce and present the CampC dashboard in the Multimedia room of the Palace with the help of the personnel of the museum and the staff of the activities inside the mansion To do this we used a smart television with touchscreen capabilities where people could look interact and learn about our service The smart TV was connected with a computer station We developed and provided a slightly modified version of the CampC dashboard that beyond the translation in Italian could also take into account some peculiarity both of the city and of the HW to be used
To the more interested people has been given further information regarding the ClouT project and they have been asked to fill in a questionnaire afterwards
FIGURE 10 MUTIMEDIA ROOM (TOP) ENTRANCE TO THE MUSEUM AND FIRST INTERACTION WIT APP
Throughout the third year the new versions of the ldquoiononrischiordquo application have been developed and deployed New features include the addition of information coming from new weather station sensors hydrometers etc Some new information about car and bike sharing points in the city and a new section charts for the data storage have also been added
Finally a new notification feature alerting on risk events in real-time for mobile devices has been developed
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 25
FIGURE 11 IONONRISCHIO APPLICATION DASHBOARD
224 Collaboration with stakeholders
Mainly with regards to the field trials but also in other activities Genova Municipality has had a cooperation with some stakeholders the most important of which are
University of Genova some students of IT courses have been involved in the more technical activities regarding the dashboard and information on the platform
Palazzo Rosso Museum personnel of the museum has been involved in the trials mainly to introduce visitors to our initiative
City departments IT and culture departments for the organization of the events
225 KPIs and evaluation results
KPIrsquos on field trials
Number of person who participated with interactive dashboard 325
Number of person who filled in the questionnaire 23
Statistics about participant (gender age hellip )
KPIrsquos on I Donrsquot Risk application (3rd year)
Number of application downloaded 4700
Number of web-app accesses 5500
Avg Rating 39
226 Summary
In general the turnout of the field trials in Palazzo Rosso have been between 15 and 20 of the usual affluence to the mansion This is a good result considering the type of people that commonly visit those places As for the statistics the questionnaires data have been gathered using paper forms Results will be processed after conversion into digital format
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 26
23 Mitaka
231 Overview
City of Mitaka has been tackling solutions for healthcare for an aging society The ClouT project deployed the PawCollection field trial in Mitaka last year It is a smartphone application for elderly people to go out and create community As for the results it was very successful and proved that this solution could be suitable in order to improve future environment in terms of aging society
TABLE 3 MITAKA FIELD TRIAL ROADMAP
On the other hand Mitaka also realised issues that allow getting more citizens to keep a good economy and collecting opinions especially from the younger family generation in order to keep the town attractive
Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo planned in March 2012 The plan was revised for the first time since the first 4 years out of 8 years finished In order to consider citizens diversity needs the city had opportunities for multilayered citizen participation
The ClouT field trial in Mitaka for Year 2015 was called ldquoSanpokirdquo The Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities It is an application to motivate walk throughout town and is also a new ICT tool for citizens to casually participate in town creation It was expected that younger citizens who are usually passive in citizen participation would use it The big different and improved factor from Paw Collection is that anybody who has a smartphone with updated OS could download the application and participate
2014 (Paw Collection) 2015 (Sanpoki)
Duration 12 days 30 days
Numbers of Participants 30 (in their 50 60 70rsquos) 527
Participants type Collected and Contracted by NPO Public participation
Numbers of locations 31 177
Location type Public facilities Public facilities and shops
Mobile phone type Only Android Single platform (Nexus7) (Devices were provided)
iPhone and Android Usersrsquo own devices
User motivation Commission prize gamification and interaction with the other users
Gamification prize interaction with the other users and new discoveries about Mitaka city
Purpose To motivate elderly people to walk for their health improvement
To activate local community
In addition to collect city attractiveness and multilayered citizensrsquo opinions for reform of Mitaka cityrsquos long term basic plan
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 27
232 Integration within ClouT architecture
System for Mitaka field trial follows ClouT reference architecture in twofold way Firstly the IoT based SNS application called Sanpoki follows the ClouT reference architecture with regards to the design of the beacon data collection subsystem Secondly the Sanpoki system is integrated with the ClouT information Hub realized by XMPP-based virtual sensor system in which photographs and associated information such as geo-location information collected by Sanpoki are converted by the semantic interoperability function block and sent to the XMPP-based virtual sensor system
233 Design and implementation
Here follows the overview of Sanpoki application (Figure 13 and Figure 14) and a scenario chart (Figure 12)
Event Duration 1 month(September 26 2015 ndash October 25 2015)
Participants Citizens and Visitors in Mitaka city(Install from AppStore or GooglePlay)
Beacons 177(Stores or facilities participating Stamp Rally Event with agreement to participate Sanpoki)
Devices Participantsrsquo own devices(Android ver43iOS80 or later)
Prize Original Stickers(more than 3 posts)
Original Tote Bags(more than 100 posts)
FIGURE 12 OVERALL OF SANPOKI FIELD TRIAL SCENARIO
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 28
FIGURE 13 SANPOKI APPLICATION USER INTERFACE AND FUNCTIONS
「Cover Page」 Poki is an image
charactor of Mitaka City
「Terms and Conditions」
「User Registration」 Registoer a
nickname avotor and gender etc
「Area Map」 Installed Beacons
on a Map
「Route Suggestion」 Appication shows the suggested walking route
「Route Suggestion Detail」
Detail information about the route such as distance between spots
「Home」 Spot information with photos
「Posting page」 Users can post photos thorough this page
Butturn to turn on camera
「Ranking」 Ranking by points
Gamification function motivates users to keep on playing
Settings
Time Distanc and of Stamps for a route
Beacon on the bottom of the ink pad
Numbers of like it
Your Place Avator Points and Nickname
Beacon
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 29
FIGURE 14 HOW TO PLAY SANPOKI
234 Collaboration with stakeholders
As mentioned in the overview section some key organizations in Mitaka cooperated for this field trial as stakeholders
2341 City of Mitaka
City of Mitaka provided the field negotiated with other related organizations and advertised this event through several channels
The advertisement strategy is one of the great reasons why Sanpoki got many users Here follows the list of the announcement opportunities and materials
TABLE 4 COLLABORATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN MITAKA
As mentioned in the previous section Mitaka has ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo and was going to be revised hopefully with multilayered citizensrsquo opinions Sanpoki application field trial is one of the citizen participation opportunities Sanpoki was held with a stamp rally event called ldquoMitaka
Type of activities
Main leader
Title Date Place Audience
(type size countries)
Materials
Advertisement NTTEMIT
Advertisement on the stamp book
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Stamp book of the event
Public information
MIT Kouhou Mitaka 092015 102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens
Public newsletter
Public information
MIT Miru-Miru-Mitaka 092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Local TV news in MIT
Public information
MIT Letrsquos walk with Sanpoki
092015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Website
Event MIT Mitaka Town Development Event
102015 Mitaka Mitaka citizens Post-it
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 30
Taiyo-kei Walkrdquo Multilayered citizens participate in this event and would walk all over Mitaka city as they use Sanpoki Mitaka city appreciates the result because participants of Sanpoki were 527 compared to the expected numbers of citizensrsquo participation (500)
Citizens can post pictures and comments about Mitakarsquo attractive things or places which they find in their everyday life or while they walk with Sanpoki Those pictures and comments posted using Sanpoki were used in ldquoMitaka Town Creation Discussionrdquo one of the citizen participation events in Mitaka
2342 Mitaka Network University
Mitaka Network University coordinates a stamp rally event called Taiyo-kei Walk (Solar System Walking) every fall since 2009 In 2015 the event mapped to collect the stamps that were distributed (more than 15000) event participants exchanged more than 2500 gifts with the collected stamps and these numbers are increasing year after year One of the great reasons that Sanpoki field trial was successful is that it was executed with this popular event
Mitaka Network University supported not only to coordinate Sanpoki with the stamp rally but also to install Beacon sensors and to provide a space to place the flyers
2343 Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation
Mitaka City Machizukuri Foundation (Mitaka Town Management Organization) is a partner for Mitaka City mainly in terms of the town development business They provided a space and people to exchange prize for Sanpoki participants who got certain amount of the stamps
2344 Others
Sanpoki workshop was held to discuss about results and future opportunities with stakeholders including people from city of Mitaka Sanpoki participated shop owners and citizens in March 2016 The agenda is below
1 The result of Sanpoki event 2 Future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki 3 Local issues that could be solved by ICT
FIGURE 15 SANPOKI WORKSHOP
Regarding future opportunities of utilizing Sanpoki there are mainly 2 points
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 31
1) to collect and share information in the different point of view
I find something that citizens usually do not notice II attractive things for visitors from outside of the countries III recommendation of popular shops or similar
2) to collect real-time information and find changes by seasons in a city (if event is held for a long
term)
I flowers by seasons II find changes compared to the past III shop coupons
235 KPIs and evaluation results
1 Overview Results of Sanpoki Trial
Numbers of users and application downloaded are more than expected
Number of application downloaded
Total567
iOS341
Android226
Number of Users
Registered Users527
Posted photos and comments (926-10-25)
Photos18822
Comments2037
Number of users who got stamps
More than 100 stamps79
Number of users who won prize
Tote bags77
Stickers110
FIGURE 16 SANPOKI PRIZES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 32
FIGURE 17 PARTCIPANT COMPARISON BY AGE RANGE
2 Overview result by data
① Accumulated Numbers of application downloaded
September 25 (Application published date) and September 26 (Started FT ) were high and it is increased little by little after that
FIGURE 18 ACCUMULATED NUMBERS OF APPLICATION DOWNLOADED
② Numbers of users that log in by time
Many photos are posted during weekends (2-4 times compared to weekdays) Posted photos are increased little by little towards the end of FT
FIGURE 19 NUMBERS OF LOG-INED USERS BY TIME
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 33
3 Questionnaire Results
Numbers of Answers
Paper187(when exchanged to prizes tote bags110 stickers77)
Some people answered twice for both prizes
Web86
Valid Answers159
① How did you know about Sanpoki(Multiple answers)
② Why did you post photos through Sanpoki (Multiple answers)
③ Did you find any places or sceneries that you want to share
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 34
④ Did you get interested in photos that other users posted
⑤ How much money did you spend while you participated in Sanpoki
⑥ Did you get more interested or want to get involved in Mitaka city by using Sanpoki
(only web questionnaire)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 35
⑦ Sanpoki is part of ldquoThe 4th Mitaka City Basic Planrdquo which leads town creation of Mitaka city Did you know about it (only web questionnaire)
236 Summary
In Sanpoki field trial registered users were 527 which is more than what the city expected Since the composition ratio of 30rsquos and 40rsquos is 50 this shows that younger generation was motivated to participate in the city event Total posted pictures were 18822 This is a lot more than what the city expected and many good pictures were posted
According to questionnaires 70 says that the interest in Mitaka increased And some people say that they get to know revision of ldquothe 4th Mitaka Basic Planrdquo These results show that Sanpoki is an effective way for citizen participation Furthermore it is valuable for Mitaka cityrsquos future that relatively younger citizens got to know and found good things about Mitaka while they walked in the city Citizens also got motivated to participate in this event by the sense of gamification getting prizes interaction with the other users and new discoveries about City of Mitaka
It would be useful for a local government to deploy Sanpoki for the purpose of health promotion since citizens can casually participate in it as they go for a walk Also it could be expected to get city revitalization because Sanpoki users post pictures of shops and this could be used as an advertisement In addition Sanpoki would be a valuable program and also a sensor to innovate town creation working with citizens together since it is easy to participate in and citizens get more interests in the town by posting pictures of attractive points
24 Santander
241 Overview
During the second project review it was suggested by the reviewers the replication of the Smiley Coupon system in Europe in particular in the city of Santander making it possible to compare results in both continents
From the Municipality point of view this replication may help to activate the commercial sector and hotel and restaurant services in the city of Santander by the use of a free tool to generate offers on their products and on the other hand to make the city an attractive and open place for the tourists and citizens visiting the tourism office where they may get a discount by showing their best smiley
From the ClouT point of view it will be possible to share Smiley Coupon information with other partners using the ClouT storage facilities
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 36
242 Integration within ClouT architecture
Smiley coupon replication carried out in Santander integrates within ClouT reference architecture in terms of storing of the gathered information within the ClouT storage modules In this sense anonymous information of each user is stored in the corresponding CDMI based big data storage enabled by the ClouT platform Additionally this information is also stored in the Orion Context Broker so using the corresponding bridge enabled by sensiNact gateway information from Orion could be also taken in order to be consumed by an application on top of SensiNact gateway
243 Design and implementation
Although the initial idea was the replication of the Smiley Coupon functionality it was necessary to implement some modifications that will be shown in this section
The used hardware equipment is an e-kiosk which includes a tactile screen a camera and a PC This device belongs to an internal municipal project and its first version includes different functionalities to be used by citizens such as checking census paying traffic fines checking bus schedules and the cultural agenda accessing to The Pace of the City application etc Therefore and taking advantage of this device the plan is to add the smiley coupon application as a new functionality in one of these e-kiosks as a pilot experience which would allow to evaluate if it is worthy to include this functionality in all the e-kiosks deployed in the city
Taking advantage of municipal premises and taking into account how to optimize the advertising of this initiative among people this specific e-kiosk has been installed in the main tourism office basically due to the large number of visitors that attend to ask for information (more than 1000 visitors attended in January 2015 being the month with minor number of visitors) Figure 20 shows the e-kiosk located at the tourism municipal office premises
FIGURE 20 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK LOCATED AT TOURISM OFFICE PREMISES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 37
While the e-kiosk is in standby that is no one has touched its screen the content of its screen is shown in Figure 22 As a user has touched it the main webpage appears including two buttons which allow to choose either the Smiley Coupon application or the other aforementioned functionalities as can be seen in FIGURE 21
As soon as a user presses the Smiley Couponrsquos button the application is launched being available in two languages English and Spanish It consists of five webpages which are listed below and will be explained with more details along this section
Introductory webpage
Smile webpage
Maximum degree of smile webpage
Offers webpage
Thank you and short questionnaire webpage
The introductory webpage which can be seen in Figure 23 includes different kinds of information being able to move from the English version to the Spanish one by pressing the Spanish flag button First a brief description of ClouT project is included then it is explained how Smiley Coupon application works (indicating what the user has to do) The next information is related to privacy issues highlighting that the system only shows images but it is not possible to record store or distribute them After these explanations it is requested the usersrsquo informed consent asking for some data such as range of age gender and nationality only with statistical purposes Once that these fields are filled (if user does not fill any of them a warning message appears asking for the missing data) user may access to next webpage by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo button At the same time if the user is not interested in participating he may also leave the application by pressing ldquoThanks but I do not want to participaterdquo button
FIGURE 22 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK STANDBY SCREEN
FIGURE 21 SMILEY COUPON E-KIOSK MAIN WEBPAGE
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 38
FIGURE 23 INTRODUCTORY WEBPAGE
Then the smile webpage comes up The user who is in front of the e-kiosk waits for five seconds while the face detection algorithm detects his face a red dot which coincides with the usersrsquo nose indicates the face detection is done At this moment and during 20 seconds he will be able to smile and check the evolution of his degree of smile which is showed on the screen through a vertical bar and a percentage Figure 24 shows a user smiling during the smile time As can be seen together with both smile level indicators a time counter is also included
FIGURE 24 SMILEY WEBPAGE
Once the smile time is over the highest degree of smile achieved by the user is shown at the maximum degree of smile webpage At this moment the user has sixty seconds to decide if
Repeat the process to improve his degree of smile by pressing ldquoTry againrdquo button
Take a picture of this screen (including userrsquos face and maximum degree of smile achieved) This picture will be the smiley coupon to be shown in the establishment to get the associated offer Figure 25 illustrates this webpage
Press ldquoGo to offersrdquo button to access to the offers webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 39
FIGURE 25 MAXIMUM DEGREE OF SMILE WEBPAGE
This webpage shows available offers in the city generated by shop and hotel amp restaurant owners using the aforementioned application SantanderCreaOferta Taking advantage of the e-kiosk tactile screen pressing over each discount icon two kinds of information are provided offer information (validity period and description) and establishment information (name address and picture) As can be seen in Figure 26 all offers are geolocated in a map of the city
FIGURE 26 OFFERS WEBPAGE
Once the user has checked the available offers and chosen the most interesting one for him by pressing ldquoMy offer is readyrdquo button the last webpage is shown including a ldquothank you for participatingrdquo message and also a kindly request for fulfilling a short questionnaire which will allow to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of user Figure 27 shows this last webpage
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 40
At this moment the e-kiosk returns to main webpage in order to be used by another person
FIGURE 27 THANK YOU AND SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE WEBPAGE
244 Collaboration with stakeholders
During the replication of the Smiley Coupon system Santander Municipality has involved different stakeholders depending on the tasks
Regarding technical issues we have collaborated closely with two ClouT partners Keio University as designer and developer of the original version of Smiley Coupon and University of Cantabria as code adapter and developer of the replication Additionally the e-kiosk provider was in charge of the integration process of this application in the e-kiosk During this integration coordination of meetings between these stakeholders internal permits required to install e-kiosk in the tourism office adaptation to corporate internal communication guidelines and final tests to verify the e-kiosk operation were done by Santander Municipality
In addition to technical issues privacy plays an important role in this project In order to know what should be done by the municipality in terms of privacy a meeting with representatives of the municipal legal department was held where it was suggested that an informed consent shall be included with a twofold goal informing final users and also getting their consent to participate additionally it was recommended to contact to the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEDP in the Spanish acronym) as the public law authority overseeing compliance with legal provisions on the protection of personal data Therefore we sent them a query including ClouT project and Smiley Coupon initiative information and some questions related to privacy Its answer clarified how to proceed
- First Spanish data privacy law shall be applied although it was highlighted that this systems does not allow to record store or distribute images and only range of age nationality and gender were stored with statistic purposes Therefore one of the municipal files registered at the Data Protection General Registry (RGPD) is updated including smiley coupon information
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 41
FIGURE 28 WARNING MESSAGE ASSOCIATED TO MINORS
Regarding the use of the smiley coupon by minors a specific informed consent signed by parents shall be provided before a minor uses the application This information should be requested verified and managed Therefore taking into account available resources and considering this as a pilot experience we decided to implement a functionality that does not allow minors to use this application when a minor fills the age range field choosing ldquounder 14 yearsrdquo category and tries to launch the smile website (by pressing ldquoYes I agree to participaterdquo) a pop-up message comes up explaining why he is not able to participate Figure 28 shows the content of this message
As we previously commented the key actors of this initiative are citizens and tourists (as end users) and commercial and shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (as offer generators) Therefore in parallel with technical tasks several meetings with representatives of shop support and tourism municipal services were held with a twofold aim first present them the aforementioned tools (SantanderCreaOferta and Smiley Coupon applications) to foster the commercial activity in the city to get their feedback and feelings as they are the ones who better know these sectors and also request for their support not only in terms of communicating it but also verifying establishments and their associated offers to avoid problems such as fake establishments or offers Both liked the idea of using new technologies and above all for free to promote shops bars restaurants hotels in the city However they advised that most of the establishment owners prefer conservative ways to promote their establishments (hang a poster in their establishment advertising their offers) In spite of this fact representatives of both municipal services will support us to promote this initiative Additionally meetings with representatives of associations of hotel and restaurant service were also held to present them SantanderCreaOferta as a free and easy tool to generate offers and Smiley coupon system as the tool that citizens and tourists may use to get those offers
From these meetings several ideas came up two of them were the creation of a logo Figure 29 shows it and also a slogan to advertise ldquoYour smile has a rewardrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 42
FIGURE 29 SMILEY COUPON LOGO
Additionally two specific manuals have been elaborated and distributed among establishment owners (explaining how to join to SantanderCreaOferta application and use it to generate offers) and responsible of municipal services (as SantanderCreaOferta administrators to validate establishments and offers)
245 KPIs and evaluation results
Regarding this field trial it could be considered three kinds of KPIs
From SantanderCreaOferta application o Number of establishments shows interest in participating o Number of establishments joins to SC o Number of offers generated
From Smiley Coupon system o Number of people who participate o Average degree of smile achieved o Degree of satisfaction after using SC o Statistics from informed consent (age gender and nationality)
Feedback from establishment owners o Degree of satisfaction o Number of exchanged coupons
This field trial was launched 18th March 2016 and will be running until 18th May 2016 Therefore we are in an early stage to provide conclusions However during this first month we have been working hard in dissemination advertising it through different communication channels including local and national newspapers radio and television and also through municipal websites (the main website shop department website tourism website and youth website)
At this moment more than 60 establishments have shown their interest in participating more than 30 have registered their establishment at SantanderCreaOferta and more than 30 offers have been generated
In terms of final users (citizens and tourists) more than 90 people have used the Smiley Coupon e-kiosk Taking into account data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) and the stored usersrsquo answers to questionnaire of satisfaction the following statistics have been obtained
Number of people who participate 92 where about 70 women and 30 men Figure 30 shows gender results
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 43
FIGURE 30 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY GENDER
Figure 31 and Figure 32 show percentages of female and male users respectively taking into account their range of age
FIGURE 31 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (FEMALE)
FIGURE 32 SMILEY COUPON USERS BY RANGE OF AGE (MALE)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 44
Average degree of smile achieved is around 75 Figure 33 shows percentage of men and women who obtained a degree of smile better than 50 Figure 34 includes those users with a degree of smile better than 80
FIGURE 33 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 50
FIGURE 34 SMILEY COUPON USERS WITH A DEGREE OF SMILE BETTER THAN 80
Degree of satisfaction after using SC Most of the 39 users who filled the survey provided positive feedback Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate answers to the degree of satisfaction survey
FIGURE 35 ANSWERS TO WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT SMILEY COUPON
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 45
FIGURE 36 ANSWERS TO WOULD YOU RECOMMEND IT DO YOU THINK IT IS A USEFUL IDEA
Finally shop and hotel amp restaurant owners have provided positive feedbacks about this initiative They have reported that 5 of the Smiley Coupon users have exchanged their coupon
All of us hope that results from this first month will improve in the second month
246 Summary
Data requested at the introductory webpage (range of age gender and nationality) together with answers to questionnaire of satisfaction are stored in a file which will allow processing them and providing some statistics about the users Additionally shop and restoration establishment owners will provide their feedback after using SantanderCreaOferta app and through the number of exchanged coupons they may validate their offers (keep or improve them)
Thanks to this replication Santander Municipality tries to foster people involvement to activate commercial sector and hotel amp restaurant services in the city by the use of new technologies and taking into account and providing support to different stakeholders citizens and tourists (one of the key actors being them final users of the Smiley coupon system) shop and hotel amp restaurant owners (another key actor as generators of offers and discounts without offers there is no award for final users) municipal services (as managers of establishments and offers validation) It will be possible to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders after these two months of pilot experience getting and communicating associated statistics such as the number of different types of users (citizens establishment owners) profile of Smiley coupon system users number of generated offers
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 46
3 Final status of integration demos
Indicate updates (if any) of the integration demos defined in D42
31 Sensor and big data storage
311 Overview
ClouT Storage is a elastic and scalable storage system that enables to historicize sensor data object data (ie images videos big fileshellip) and associated metadata It is used by ClouT modules to store data through sensinact Gateway
ClouT storage interfaces are based on the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) specification to enable external clients to easily access stored data
The version released at the end of Y2 included data management functionality in particular it provided only CRUD operation on sensor data and object data For Y3 two features were added
Query queues
Elasticity implemented as dynamic scalability
These functionalities along with the previous ones can be demonstrated in specific demos in particular Intercontinental Field Trial needs cloud elasticity so it includes some particular cases in which this feature can be easily identified
Data coming from the Pilot cities are stored in ClouT storage to perform more processing later the high and hardly predictable amount of data suggests to have a storage able to extend dynamically its capabilities
For the demo a cluster with a certain number of nodes containing Swift and Hypertable is provided The four Pilot cities send sensor data and object data (including video and images) the data especially the latter type may exceed the capability of the cluster forcing ClouT Storage to dynamically add more nodes This demo shows two of the four Cloud advantages listed in Deliverable 23
scalability because the Storage dynamically scales according to the actual load
pay-per-use since the business model of most of Cloud providers depends on the number and the power of Virtual Machines and storage space needed if municipalities uses the exact amount of space needed they save money
312 Architecture
Figure 37 shows ClouT storage in ClouT architecture the functionalities provided by the components are part of different modules in particular
CDMI Interfaces enable data to access the storage and users to manage historical data they are part of City Resource Access module of CPaaS layer
CDMI Gateway categorizes data in sensor data object data and metadata and forwards the different categories in different components of the Storage Infrastructure For this reason it is part of City Infrastructure Management module in CIaaS layer
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 47
CDMI Storage component part of Computing and Storage module is implemented by two storage elements OpenStack Swift and Hypertable it provides storage capabilities elasticity and dynamic scalability
FIGURE 37 CLOUT STORAGE IN CLOUT ARCHITECTURE
CDMI Interfaces provide all the operations described in CDMI specification in particular container management object management and queries (details on these functionalities are in Deliverables 23 33 24 and 34) ClouT storage is fully compliant with CDMI 110 even if some aspects are still not implemented such as Capability Management In Y3 Query Queues functionality has been included in the implementation in order to support specification compliant queries (more details in Deliverable 34)
CDMI Gateway processes received messages in order to split the content into sensor data object data and metadata and to forward them to the suitable infrastructural storage Sensor data and metadata are sent to Hypertable object data are sent to Swift As already specified above in Y3 Swift and Hypertable modules were extended to support dynamic scalability this means that as stored data increase new nodes of Swift or Hypertable are instantiated and the load is automatically balanced The Storage also supports automatic data replication as Node is associated with two more replicas
313 Design and implementation
CDMI Interfaces and CDMI Gateway components are implemented by a java web application running on Tomcat In Y3 both the components were extended to support the operations needed to support Query Queues
CDMI Interfaces are a set of RESTful APIs to which CRUD operations for Query Queues were added In particular Read (GET) operation on a Query Queue enables to read metadata associated to the queue and to pull the first elements inserted in the queue it is possible to set the number of elements to be read as metadata of the request
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 48
FIGURE 38 DETAILS OF CDMI GATEWAY
Figure 38 shows the details of CDMI Gateway for Y3 a Message Broker has been added in order to manage message queues In general the operations to instantiate a query queue are the following
a client creates a Query Queue sending a POST message including an arbitrary Container Name that may not be related to the results of the query and a Queue Name
an internal in-memory queue is generated by the Message Broker
the Command Processor generates the appropriate queries for Swift and Hypertable
the DataMetadata Dispatcher acts as publisher pushing the results of the query to the queue
CDMI Interfaces subscribe to the queue
a client reads the queue sending GET message asking for the same queue (identified by ContainerNameQueueName) the GET request may ask only for queue metadata or also for a certain number of elements
in the latter case CDMI interfaces as subscriber pull a the requested number of elements from the queue and send them in the response
More details on the whole process and the implementation are in Deliverable 34
At Infrastructure level for Y3 dynamic scalability has been added to Swift and Hypertable
FIGURE 39 CDMI STORAGE NODES
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 49
The Storage elements are Nodes that may contain instances of Swift or Hypertable the Nodes are behind a Proxy also acting as load balancer (Figure 39) When amount of a certain category of data for example object data exceeds a certain configured threshold a new Node for example a new Swift Node is created and the Proxy is configured to balance the load It should also be remarked that every node of Figure 39 is actually a triple of nodes in order to have high availability More information on the architecture and the development of this feature are reported on Deliverable 24
The demo described above shows that new triples of nodes especially Swift Nodes but potentially also Hypertable Nodes that need much more data to exceed their limit is dynamically created
314 Summary
Specification based query capabilities and dynamic scalability were the last core features needed by ClouT Storage to provide all the functionalities required for Field Trials and Intercontinental Demo The only integration point of the storage is CDMI Interfaces which are specification based and are not directly affected from improvements at Infrastructure Level This means that the integration work was focused on the development of a client compliant with CDMI 110 specification this client is sensiNact Gateway for all the internal modules The interaction between ClouT Storage and sensiNact Gateway has been extensively and successfully tested with data coming from all Pilot municipalities
It is possible to do demos showing all the four cloud advantages described in Deliverable 23
Scalability
Pay-per-use
Easy application development and deployment
Reliability
The first two ones as described above are part of Intercontinental Field Trial in the same trial there is also a scenario including the third one that is represented by ClouT Service Development and Deployment Modules (such as Mashup Tool)
The third one actually is less visible than the others since it is implemented in two ways both supported by ClouT storage
Backup Nodes each logical Node is actually implemented by three Nodes as detailed in section 313
Backup datacenter if Cloud provider offers the possibility to store data in different datacenter for reliability and disaster recovery
Both the features are difficult to show in the demo without specific graphical interfaces (the first one) and a production environment including different datacenter (the second one)
ClouT storage also supports security in particular usernamepassword authentication (Deliverable 34) and CDMI REST APIs can be exposed outside ClouT infrastructure enabling external CDMI compliant clients to read historical data coming from ClouT sensors
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 50
32 IoT protocol adapters
This demo is intended to show how to add the support of a new kind of devices to the sensiNact gateway by means of adding the relevant protocol adapter
In Figure 40 we recall the overall architecture of the IoT Device Wrapping functional block
FIGURE 40 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING
This block implements the so-called Protocol Adapters in principle one of each supported kind of devices They are (at least logically) divided into two layers one in charge of handling the physical connectivity (ldquoLink Handlerrdquo ndash lh) and one that deals with the upper protocols or application profiles (ldquoProtocol Handlerrdquo ndash ph)
More in particular we are dealing with an integration demo that address STM32 ODE based devices that run a 6LoWPAN network using a Contiki OS based firmware and the sensiNact IoT gateway provided by CEA
321 Overview
The scenario of the demo involves an IPSO Smart Object profile firmware developed on top of STM32 ODE devices This profile is an extension of the OMA LWM2M semantic so it provides a REST based interface based on the CoRE CoAP protocol targeted at device management as well as sensor reading and actuation
Taking advantage of the various offers in terms of connectivity of the STM32 ODE system we can also target different scenarios with regards to the placement of the pure routing functionality (ie Link Handlers Protocol Handlers partitioning)
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 51
In Figure 41 three different scenarios are illustrated they differ with regards to the mutual placement of the IoT Router and the IoT Gateway ldquoScenario 1rdquo is the classic one with the IoT gateway that physically terminates the WSN and the routing functionality is implemented in a Border Router attached or embedded to the gateway itself ldquoScenario 2rdquo and ldquoScenario 3rdquo allow the IoT router to be physically detached from the IoT gateway their connection being made by means of classic networking protocols and interfaces In the latter cases in principle the IoT gateway could be implemented as a service in the cloud These last two scenarios differs one from the other because in the last one a remote standalone instance of Leshan is used as LWM2M server and the IoT Gateway access it through the southbound REST API while in ldquoScenario 2rdquo the integrated LWM2M functionality is used
FIGURE 41 IOT DEVICE WRAPPING SCENARIOS
322 Architecture
In terms of the OMA LWM2M on top of which the IPSO Smart Objects are developed the sensor node is a client (even if it is actually mainly a server in terms of CoRE CoAP protocol) and it deals with a LWM2M server to which it publishes its resources and capabilities Optionally it deals also with a LWM2M Bootstrapping Server which can be used to retrieve some information used in the initialization phase
The chosen reference implementation of the LWM2M server is Leshan which is standard de facto in terms of reusable component and enabler This is a very flexible solution built around the popular Californium Java library widely used to build CoAP based services This server other than offering the LWM2M bindings implements also a HTTP REST API enabling a HTTPCoAP Proxy functionality and so any access to the IPSO Smart Objects devices from the non-constrained network (like illustrated in ldquoScenario 3rdquo Figure 41) This REST APIs interface is also used by the GUI embedded in Leshan to talk to the devices
A part from a standalone use (it is also available in a sandboxed environment by Eclipse Foundation httpleshaneclipseorg) so this component can be deployed as a bundle for the sensiNact Gateway which is designed and developed with OSGi
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 52
FIGURE 42 OMA LWM2M CLIENT SERVER POSITIONING
As it is illustrated in Figure 41 the role of the Link Handler ie the routing functionality can be implemented as a border router attachedembedded to the IoT Gateway or can be demanded to an IoT Router that connects the WSN to a plain IPv4 or IPv6 based network This scenario is also addressed by the integration in the Contiki OS of the STM32 ODE system
323 Design and implementation
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 53
FIGURE 43 LESHAN INTEGRATION IN SENSINACT GATEWAY
Figure 41 describes the possible ways (that can coexist depending on the solution implements for each specific case) the OMA LWM2M client can interact with the sensiNact IoT Gateway In the first two scenarios the LWM2M functionality is embedded in the Gateway while in the third one it is added by means of the HTTP based REST API provided by Leshan consumed by the relevant sensiNact southbound bridge
When an approach like the one described in ldquoScenario 23rdquo is adopted ie when the routing functionality is implemented on a special node equipped with either WiFi or Ethernet as a fallback interface and the access network is IPv4 only a software module in charge of the relevant protocol conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 (IP64) as well as of a proper mechanism of address mapping (DNS64) is needed This allows the nodes to transparently connect (with standard DNS probes) to a remote server without knowing that the end-to-end communication is translated from IPv6 (with 6LoWPAN) over a local WSN to IPv4 over Internet
324 Summary
This integration demo aims at connecting IPSO Smart Objects devices implemented on a 6LoWPAN network with the STM32 ODE system with the ClouT services by means of the sensiNact IoT Gateway
By issuing a HTTP GET on the http[leshan-server]apiClouT--0c51333373346334 path (the last part is the unique ID of the device) the following content is retrieved
endpointClouT-
0c51333373346334registrationIdekIABC9Jm0registrationDate2016-
04-08T120339+0200lastUpdate2016-04-
08T120339+0200address158110279651896lwM2mVersion10
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 54
lifetime86400bindingModeUrootPathobjectLinks[url
attributesurl10attributesobjectId1objectInsta
nceId0url20attributesobjectId2objectInstanceId0
url30attributesobjectId3objectInstanceId0url
40attributesobjectId4objectInstanceId0url50
attributesobjectId5objectInstanceId0url70attribu
tesobjectId7objectInstanceId0url33000attributes
objectId3300objectInstanceId0url33030attributes
objectId3303objectInstanceId0url33040attributes
objectId3304objectInstanceId0url33110attributesob
jectId3311objectInstanceId0url33130attributesobje
ctId3313objectInstanceId0url33131attributesobject
Id3313objectInstanceId1url33140attributesobjectId
3314objectInstanceId0url33150attributesobjectId
3315objectInstanceId0]securefalseadditionalRegistrationAttribu
tes
The above mentioned content (accessible as REST API over HTTP protocol) translates in the representation on the Leshan GUI front-end as per Figure 44 useful also to highlight the currently implemented resources as per OMA LWM2M standard and IPSO Smart Objects specification
FIGURE 44 IPSO SMART OBECTS ON LESHAN SERVER
33 Application development and verification
This integration demo illustrates how control behavior of IoT service including actuators as well as sensors can be specified and verified to realize dependable smart applications This is realized by integration of the platform supporting practical execution of the behavior and the verifier tool supporting exploration of various possibilities in the behavior
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 55
331 Overview
This demonstration is motivated by two points described below
First control behavior of smart applications is essentially complex and difficult to define It is because the behavior is basically event-driven to respond to various environmental changes This is different from traditional procedural behavior by imperative programming and is typically achieved by defining rules in the form of ECA (Event-Condition-Action) As various events occur in different timing and order there can be unexpected conflicts among rules For example a rule that turns off the light to save energy at night may be activated just after another rule turned on the light to support user activities The core difficulties come from the concurrent execution of multiple applications for multiple users with multiple devices which can easily cause conflicting behaviors
Second there have been specialized tools to check such complex behavior (state transitions) especially model checkers However extracting and encoding the design into a special language for a model checker is an additional burden for users It is essential to facilitate use of powerful checkers with in-depth support by focusing on the specific problems rather than just asking to tailor and use the generic tools
ARCHITECTURE
Figure 45 illustrates the architecture of the ECA application development and verification Developers can use a composition tool to specify the ECA rules that define the control behavior or IoT services to compose a smart application Then the rules can be checked to assure properties such as safety (undesirable situations never happen) and liveliness (desirable situations eventually happen) by using a verifier tool
FIGURE 45 EXTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 56
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 46 illustrates the internal architectural design for this integration demo It can receive the ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rules in the sensiNact syntax directly The users of this tool (expected to be engineers) also input metadata and verification items The former gives semantic meanings on each actuator as well as information of physical environments Such information is not included in the rules whose purpose is to run while it is necessary for the technical users to examine it (even if they do not use this tool) Properties that can be verified depend on the model checker used inside the tool Currently we assume properties in temporal logic typically safety (some undesirable situation never happens) and liveliness (some desirable situation eventually happens)
FIGURE 46 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION
Inside the tool the inputs are translated to a typical input set to model checkers ie state transition model and properties in temporal logic However the technical users do not need to understand this internal process or artifacts The verification log is converted to the friendly way ie using the vocabularies in the original ECA rules In the current implementation we use XtextXtend frameworks for the translation and SPIN for the model checking
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 57
FIGURE 47 EXAMPLE OF VERIFICATION REPORT
Notably in the third year the translator part was extended to analyze the dependencies between applications (rules) and the states of the environments (controlled devices) This allows for dividing the computationally intensive verification task into smaller ones We verified that with this mechanism we are able to run the tool with sufficient performance (within one second to report conflict scenarios and with around ten minutes to finally confirm there is no possible conflict scenario)
Figure 47 shows an example of the verification report As the model checker has exhaustive exploration of the possible state transitions the verification result is ldquoALL OKrdquo or counterexamples that do not satisfy given properties The figure shows the case of a counter example which is generated for an undesirable situation boolean values v and v4 are associated to validated statements that should not have been meaning that conflicts like ldquosmart power control service shuts down a device while a user is using itrdquo exist The counterexample (execution trace that lead to the undesirable situation) is explained by referring to which of the ECA rules are activated in what order This trace is the shortest one among various possibilities to reach the situation
332 Summary
In this integration demo we have confirmed the feasibility effectiveness and usefulness of integration between a practical platform to run applications and an advanced tool for dependability on the basis of mathematical pinnings Specifically the result shows how the integration supports key engineering issues in smart city applications with intensive control of actuator devices
34 Widget and map-based visualization
341 Overview
ClouT city dashboard is a widget and map-based visualisation software which allows users to create their own dashboard webpages The application is basically implemented with XMPP
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 58
virtual sensor system however we can include any ClouT sensor information to dashboard with sensiNact gateway
342 Architecture
Figure 48 shows overall architecture of ClouT city dashboard Firstly sensor data from every city are collected via each cityrsquos sensor protocol such as MQTT ZeroMQ XMPP and so on Dashboard application is implemented with XMPP technology so that a protocol that is not XMPP is converted by sensiNact Gateway Then every city sensorsrsquo information can be used as XMPP protocol
FIGURE 48 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUT CITY DASHBOARD
343 Design and implementation
Figure 49 shows main menu of dashboard Users can add new dashboard just inputting dashboard name Figure 50 shows an example of Fujisawa dashboard The dashboard has 6 widgets ndash city monitoring camera widget weather widget participatory sensing widget lsquowhat day is todayrsquo widget weather forecast widget and Twitterrsquos popular image widget As shown in the figure the widget can contain many kinds of information such as text-based data image data and map data To add new widgets users just click on the upper icon then an interface will appear (see Figure 51) It is very easy to add widgets just by selecting sensor node name (a search function is also available) deciding the panel type from text image or map associating sensor to panel For map visualization we used Google maps
The dashboard is implemented with several technologies with ClouT components such as Sensor-Over-XMPP library sensiNact Gateway participatory sensing technologies etc All the technical complexity is hidden for users so that it is intuitive to use the dashboard
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 59
FIGURE 49MAIN MENU OF DASHBOARD
FIGURE 50 EXAMPLE OF CITY DASHBOARD
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 60
FIGURE 51 INTERFACE FOR ADDING WIDGET
344 Summary
We implemented ClouT city dashboard system with several ClouT components It allows users to create their own dashboard with their preferred sensors from all over the world The demonstration shows ClouTrsquos advantages and that it is almost ready-to-use for commercial purposes
35 Comunication bridges
351 Overview
The communication bridges held by the sensiNact gateway involved in the demo and the field trials belong to the northbound or the southbound intefaces Those on the southbound are used to reify and to feed the sensiNact resource model instances then makink them available for being usedby access methods or the service composition tools to create upper layer applications Those on the northbound offer an endpoint over a dedicated protocol (HTTP Restful JSON-RPC MQTT) to access to the data of the resource model instances or allow to feed the partnersrsquo system and are in this last case called agents
352 Architecture
Figure 52 presents an overview of the communication bridges interconnecting the sensiNact gateway with the other partnersrsquo systems derived from contribution in D24 [D24]
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 61
FIGURE 52 SENSINACT GATEWAYrsquoS COMMUNICATION BRIDGES
FIGURE 53 SENSINACT SOUTHBOUND amp NORTHBOUND BRIDGES
CDMI Cloud Storage
seniNact IoT Gateway
HTTP Rest MQTT JSON RPC Orion XMPP
HTTP Orion XMPP MQTT ZIGBEE XBEE
BLE EnOcean hellip COAP
CDMI
XMPP Platform
Orion Platform
Northbound bridge
Southbound bridge
sensiNact gateway
Adapter
Southbound Bridge
Northbound BridgeAgent
Protocol stack
Protocol stack
sensiNact Event
Handler
System events stack
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 62
More precisely the composition of a sensiNact bridge has been described in the ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo [D42] It is presented here below succinctly for reminding
- The protocol stack manages the communication with the third party - The bridge composes or decomposes the message relayed by the protocol stack - The adapter ensures the syntactic interoperability
353 Design and implementation
In addition to the updates made during the third year that are described in the deliverables relative to the final releases of the CIaaS and CPaaS specifications and reference implementations [D24][D34] a specific ClouT Agent has been created to calculate and to publish some of the indexes that are then used in the field trials dashboards
Recurrently at a scheduled time the Clout agent gathers the value of the resources needed to calculate the indexes that are published in the field trialsrsquo dashboards Once they have been calculated the indexes are used to update the dedicated devices of the Keiorsquos system
354 Summary
Most of the developments relative to the communication bridges have been made in order to improve the performances of the existing ones or to increase the fault tolerance of the sensiNact system as it is explained in the CIaaS and CPaaS final release deliverables [D24][D34] The specific contribution to the field trials consisted in implementing the dedicated ClouT Agent
sensiNact gateway
Http OpenWeather
Bridge
Http Genova
Bridge
Ngsi Santander
Bridge
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
Resource Model Instance
ClouT Agent
Indexes calculation
FIGURE 54 CLOUT AGENT
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 63
4 Intercontinental Field Trial
411 Overview
The purpose of this field trial is to show a kind of lsquocompetitionrsquo among the four pilot cities involved the project Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander thus comparing similar data gathered from all of them In order to generate useful and understandable information for citizens this raw data will be translated into different indexes related with environment transport or quality of life which will be included in a dashboard website shown in both public displays and context-aware signage systems in the cities as well as in a mobile application
FIGURE 55 INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL COMPETITION DASHBOARD
Figure 55 shows a screenshot of the aforementioned dashboard where it is observed the comparison among the four cities in this case comparing the ldquoLiving indexrdquo and the ldquoTodayrsquos likesrdquo for each of them The Living index is calculated as a function of temperature and humidity value whilst todayrsquos likes represent the number of likes gathered from the mobile app together with the participation rate in the smiley coupon app Additionally to these others indexes have been defined such as washing index or environmental index and they are being shown in the dashboard in a continuous loop
4111 City dashboard
Apart from the competition dashboard a specific dashboard for each city (as shown in Table 2 for Fujisawa city) has been developed showing the different evaluation indexes associated to each of the cities In this sense as an additional example to the ones shown in Table 2 in Figure 56 it can be observed the example for the city of Genova (also specific web sites for each of the index are generated but not included here just for avoiding to repeat content included in Table 2) Similar approaches have been created for the cities of Mitaka and Santander thus being Japanese versions available for Mitaka and Fujisawa English one for Genova and both English and Spanish ones for Santander
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 64
FIGURE 56 GENOVA CITY DASHBOARD
Additionally in order to increase the capacity for accessing to the aforementioned information (city indexes) a mobile application has been designed including an additional button (labeled as ldquoGoodrdquo) that when pushed it will increase todayrsquos like index (shown in the intercontinental competition dashboard)
412 Integration within ClouT architecture
Next figure shows the main functionalities of the three layers of ClouT general architecture that intervene in the operation of Intercontinental field trial
FIGURE 57 INTEGRATION OF INTERCONTINENTAL FT WITHIN CLOUT PLATFORM
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 65
As depicted from Figure 57 data from the different information sources in the four pilot cities are extracted by the corresponding southbound adaptation bridges in charge of handling heterogeneous communication interfaces for getting these data Once data are gathered from the bottom layer northbound bridges will put them in the corresponding intermediate modules in charge of storing historical data processing them in order to generate the aforementioned specific indexes and also controlling and maintaining device context information (resource description operation status and others) Finally the generated indexes will be shown through the dashboards in public screens mobile devices and context-aware signage systems
413 Design and implementation
The operation of this field trial implies to gather information from different cities through the use of the ClouT platform (shown in next sections) In this sense data sources feeding the platform range from legacy and IoT devices sensorised and virtual nodes to even public data provided by Municipalities through open data portals This information is accordingly processed in order to generate the corresponding previously mentioned indexes (function of the raw data retrieved from the different information sources)
This intercontinental field trial gathers information from the different applications developed in the two first years of the project represented in the different previously mentioned indexes In this sense i) smiley coupon field trial with the info related to the degree of smile is contributing to the todayrsquos like index ii) traffic index will use similar information that traffic mobility management field trial iii) shared economic index tries to indicate the number of available bikes or car to be shared in the city iv) SNS index will use information from city related tweets as well as events generated in pace of the city and Sanpoki field trials whilst v) environmental washing and living indexes will be fed by the environmental information utilized in the I donrsquot risk and Sensorised Garbage collection Cars field trials Finally the dashboard itself represents an evolution of the surfboard field trial thus showing not only information related with one city but being a single tool that aggregates data from all the four cities
4131 Integrated sensors in the Intercontinental Field Trial
In order to accomplish the intercontinental field trial the ClouT platform integrates several types of physical and virtual sensors from each city Several hundreds of nodes have been used in each city to gather the data used in realizing this field trial among more than 10 000 nodes in Santander 150 nodes in Genova 100 physical and 500 000 virtual nodes in Fujisawa and Mitaka The Table 5 summarizes the collected information from each city
TABLE 5 SENSORS USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Field trial city Information Type Attribute
San
tan
de
r Environmental
values Sound temperature
Pollution levels
COConcentration
NO2Concentration
O3Concentration
Traffic information average_speed occupancy
trafficIntensity
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 66
Public transport Time to next bus
Paticipatory Sensing Number of events per topic during
the last month
Bikes info free bikes free spots
Smiley coupon Smile index
Ge
no
va
Environmental
values
temperature wind_chill humidity
wind_speed wind_dir
wind_dir_deg
atmospheric_pressure rain
dew_point
Pollution levels
C6H6 Concentration (daily average value) C6H6 Concentration (max
hourly average value) NO2 Concentration (max hourly
average value) NO2 Concentration (threshold exceeded) O3
Concentration (max hourly average value) O3 Concentration
(threshold exceeded) SO2 Concentration (daily average value) SO2 Concentration
(threshold exceeded)
Webcams images url
Traffic information Parking segments scheduled
events
Public transport stop list routes by lines stop point
search stops by route line list
Fujis
awa
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
River Information image location
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 67
Mit
aka
Environmental
values
weather current temperature
high temperature low
temperature humidity
Pollution levels
SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO OX
NMHC CH4 THC SPM SP
windspeed
Traffic information Train Delay Information
Sanpoki image
Bikes info number of available bikes
4132 Index calculation
We implemented index calculation for weather dry washing drive and living Each index is described in the Table 6
TABLE 6 INDEXES USED IN THE INTERCONTINENTAL FIELD TRIAL
Index Calculation
Weather index 0 sunny 1 partially cloudy 2 cloudy 3 partially rain 4 rain
Dry index 0 current humiditylt65 or minimum humiditylt40
1 current humiditygt=65 and minimum humiditygt=40
Washing index
W = 100 ndash (weather 20) ndash ((huimdity ndash AverageHumidity)15) ((temperature ndash AverageTemperature)12) + (windSpeed 30)
Recommendation
If Wlt=30 recommend to dry indoor o If 30 lt W lt=50 may not dry washings
If 50 lt W lt =70 recommend to dry outdoor
If 70 lt W lt=90 easy to dry washings
If 90 lt W lt=100 very easy to dry washings
Drive index
D = 100 ndash ((gasPriceOfTheCity ndash averageGasPriceOfCountry) ndash (weather20)
If D gt= 50 recommend to drive
If 50 lt D lt= 100 recommend to use train
Discomfort
index Di = 081temperature + 001humidity(099tempereature-
143)+463
Living index L = 100 ndash 3|70 ndash discomfortIndex|
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 68
Shared
economy index S =
(currentUsageOfShareResourcestotalNumberOfSharedResources)100
Chaos Index ΣeachDifferentIndexnumber of eachDifferentIndex
eachDifferentIndex = currentSensorValue ndash averageSensorValue
Each index is shown in the field trial with his corresponding image
414 Collaboration with stakeholders
The stakeholders to be considered are mainly the citizens and the municipalities as considered in the next example A citizen is going for a walk by the city Centre in Fujisawa when suddenly it starts raining and he decides to enter into a public building where there is installed a display showing Fujisawa dashboard In the display he can observe all the indexes in the city and in particular that the traffic index is quite high as there is an event in the city and the main entrances are collapsed In that moment screen content changes and starts displaying the competition dashboard among Fujisawa and the other cities thus informing that Environmental index is better in Mitaka (low pollution degree due to less traffic intensity) the washing index is higher in Genova (good weather for doing laundry) and the shared economic index is better in Santander (lots of people using public bikes due to the nice temperature in the city)
Furthermore additional information sources provided by other manufacturers service providers or services sector (hotels restaurants hellip) could be added thus contributing to fine tune the current indexes or to generate new ones thus increasing the information portfolio offered to the citizens
415 KPIs evaluation
Regarding to this field trial they could be considered the next KPIs
Total number of installations (mobile app)
Number of visits to the dashboard (access through the website and mobile app)
Degree of satisfaction of users with the offered information (measured with number of positive votes in the mobile app)
Backup interval and recovery time
Service availability
Considering that both dashboard website and mobile application are not still completely deployed in all pilot cities at the time of writing this deliverable no specific results and figures could be included for assessing the intercontinental FT operation
416 Summary
This field trial is intended for keeping citizens informed about interesting city related information by using specific indexes that translate retrieved raw data (from different city data sources) into understandable and useful information Additionally citizens are provided with a comparison of
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 69
their city with other three ones thus arousing citizensrsquo curiosity on the different behavior of people in other cities
Considering the inclusion of additional data coming from new data sources such as IoT devices with different sensing capabilities sensorisation of specific information or new data repositories in the open data portals this will translate into new indexes to be added to the dashboard From the operation point of view the capabilities provided by ClouT platform will help to store and process in a more efficient way the increasing quantity of data as well as to improve service availability and the backup and recovery times
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 70
5 Conclusions and future steps
This deliverable has described the final status of the applications and field trials indicating the progress on the third year of the project with the update of those applications defined in D42 the replication of applications in other cities or the merging of them in an intercontinental field trial This last one has been specifically developed during the third year of the project and has been deployed in the four cities in the consortium Fujisawa Genova Mitaka and Santander through the so called ClouT Competition (CampC) dashboard intended as a visualisation tool where different indexes (showing specific figures to be understood by the users) serve to compare different behaviors in each of the cities In addition to the CampC dashboard for each of the city they have been developed specific dashboards and mobile applications for showing information related to each city
In addition to the field trials some of the integration demos defined in D42 have evolved adding new functionalities based on the improved and updated capabilities provided by the reusable assets defined in D24 and D34 Some of these integration demos such as the sensiNact bridges or the Big Data Storage serve as basis for field trials operation in order to access to the information provided by the different data sources as well as to store the information retrieved within the ClouT storage respectively
Feedback from the intervening stakeholders and measurements on the field trials have allowed the validation of the developed applications through the fulfillment of the KPIs associated to each of them as well as consolidating them from both social and economic points of view Additionally the replicabilitycooperation among the different pilot cities in order to address intercontinental field trial shows the capability of the ClouT architecture for sharing application and services developed in the different pilot cities
Finally future steps are related with the evolution of the deployed field trials in the different pilot cities either for future collaborations in research projects where these applications servestate as inputs for being improved in the project lifetime or for Municipalities to consolidate them as services offered to the citizens
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo
D43 ndash Final report of city application software field trials and evaluation results
ClouT - 27042016 Page 71
REFERENCES
[D24] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCIaaS final specification and reference implementation ndash review after field trialsrdquo
[D34] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoCity Platform as a Service (CPaaS) ndash final release and review after field trialsrdquo
[D42] ClouT project deliverable - ldquoMiddle report of city application developments and in-lab evaluation and field trialsrdquo