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Page 1: d } Á Z ] À u v } ( ] Z ] d P í í ] v Z } v Æ } ( Z } v À ... · d }Á À u vÁÁBÁ P ÁÁÁÁ } v ÁÁÁP À vÁÁOÁV Mexico 6 areas, while the extension of the protected
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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

CONANPCOMISIÓN NACIONALDE ÁREAS NATURALES

PROTEGIDAS

Mexico:TowardsachievementofAichiTarget11inthecontextoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity

ProposalofenvironmentalpolicyinstrumentsforthecalculationofconservationareasinMexico

December2016

Mexico

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

ContentsPágina

IMPORTANTNOTE...............................................................................................................................................................................................................3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................................................................................................3

BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

SELECTIONCRITERIAOFPROPOSEDCONSERVATIONAREASFORACHIEVEMENTOFAICHITARGET11................................................................................5

PROPOSALOFCALCULATIONOFCONSERVATIONSURFACEAREAFORACHIEVEMENTOFAICHITARGET11........................................................................5

FOLLOWINGSTEPS............................................................................................................................................................................................................15

REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

NationalCommissionofNaturalProtectedAreas,2016.Mexico:TowardsachievementofAichiTarget11inthecontextoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity.SEMARNAT.UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP).Mexico.Coordination:DirectionofMonitoringandEvaluation.IgnacioJ.MarchMifsut,ElvaIvonneBustamanteMoreno,IgnacioPaniaguaRuiz,LeonelRuizPaniagua.

ThispublicationisaresultoftheProjectPNUD-CONANP00089948“EnablingofInstitutionalSinergyfor

consolidatingtheManagementofNaturalProtectedAreasofMexico”.Authorizationisgivenforreproductionofthecontentsofthispublicationprovidedthatthesourceisprovided.

ImportantnoteThispublicationcontainsaproposalofcalculationofconservationareasthatcouldcontributetotheachievementofAichiTarget11inthecontextoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversityofwhichMexicoisaparty.Theinstrumentsconsideredandthesurfaceareavaluesincludeduntilnowareinnowayanofficialdecision,butonlyapreliminaryapproximationallowingforreportingtheadvancesmadeinMexicotowardsachievementoftheTarget11.Someoftheareascouldvaryincasesofchangeintheproposedcriteriaoreliminationofareascalculatedbyanydepurationprocess.Likewise,itisexpectedthatthefigureshereinpresentedwillbemodifiedasnewconservationareasindifferentmodalitiesareestablisheduntiltheyear2020,thedateagreedbypartiesforachievementofthegoal.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgmentisgivenforprovisionofspatialinformationaboutthedifferentmodalitiesofconservationareasbythefollowinginstitutions:NationalForestryCommission(CONAFOR),GeneralWildlifeOffice(DGVS),NationalCommissionforKnowledgeandUseofBiodiversity(CONABIO),andbytheparticipatingStateandMunicipalGovernments.

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Page 4: d } Á Z ] À u v } ( ] Z ] d P í í ] v Z } v Æ } ( Z } v À ... · d }Á À u vÁÁBÁ P ÁÁÁÁ } v ÁÁÁP À vÁÁOÁV Mexico 6 areas, while the extension of the protected

Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

ThispublicationisaresultoftheProjectPNUD-CONANP00089948“EnablingofInstitutionalSinergyfor

consolidatingtheManagementofNaturalProtectedAreasofMexico”.Authorizationisgivenforreproductionofthecontentsofthispublicationprovidedthatthesourceisprovided.

ImportantnoteThispublicationcontainsaproposalofcalculationofconservationareasthatcouldcontributetotheachievementofAichiTarget11inthecontextoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversityofwhichMexicoisaparty.Theinstrumentsconsideredandthesurfaceareavaluesincludeduntilnowareinnowayanofficialdecision,butonlyapreliminaryapproximationallowingforreportingtheadvancesmadeinMexicotowardsachievementoftheTarget11.Someoftheareascouldvaryincasesofchangeintheproposedcriteriaoreliminationofareascalculatedbyanydepurationprocess.Likewise,itisexpectedthatthefigureshereinpresentedwillbemodifiedasnewconservationareasindifferentmodalitiesareestablisheduntiltheyear2020,thedateagreedbypartiesforachievementofthegoal.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgmentisgivenforprovisionofspatialinformationaboutthedifferentmodalitiesofconservationareasbythefollowinginstitutions:NationalForestryCommission(CONAFOR),GeneralWildlifeOffice(DGVS),NationalCommissionforKnowledgeandUseofBiodiversity(CONABIO),andbytheparticipatingStateandMunicipalGovernments.

3

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

BackgroundMexico is one of themegadiverse countries1 with strongest leadership developedwithin the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), ofwhichthecountryisapartysince1993,particularlyinthetopicsofnaturalprotectedareasandontheuseandknowledgeonbiodiversity.Mexico hasmade the commitment to theCBDof protecting 17%of its terrestrial territory and 10%of itsmarine area2by the year 2020consideringdiversemodalitiesofconservationareas(StrategicGoalC,AichiTarget11BiodiversityTargets).Inthatcontext,theEnvironmentand Natural Resources Sectorial Program 2013-2018 (PROMARNAT) published on December 12 of 2013 in the Federal Official Gazetteincorporatedtheindicator“Conservedsurfacebymeansofnaturalprotectedareasystemsandotherconservationmodalities”alignedtothetarget“Recoverthefunctionalityofwatershedsandlandscapesthroughconservation,restoration,andsustainableuseofnaturalresources”with thegoalofachieving theprotectionof theabove-mentionednationalpercentagesof landandmarine surfaceareasbyNovemberof2018,whichwouldrepresentreachingAichiTarget11twoyearsearlierthanexpected.

AichiTarget11By2020,atleast17percentofterrestrialandinlandwater,and10percentofcoastalandmarineareas,especiallyareasofparticular

importanceforbiodiversityandecosystemservices,areconservedthrougheffectivelyandequitablymanaged,ecologicallyrepresentativeandwell-connectedsystemsofprotectedareasandothereffectivearea-basedconservationmeasures,andintegratedintothewiderlandscapes

andseascapes.

1 Countriesconsideredasmegadiverseare:Brazil,China,Colombia,CostaRica,Ecuador,India,Indonesia,Kenya,Mexico,Peru,Southafrica,andVenezuela.2 Totalnationalcontinentalandemergentinsularlandsurface:196,437,500ha.

Totalnationalterritorialmarinesurface:314,992,000ha.ComplyingwithAichiTarget11inMexicorequiresprotecting33,394,375haofitslandsurfaceand31,499,200haofitsmarinesurface.

4

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

5

TheachievementofMexico’scommitmenttotheCBDinvolvesimportantjointeffortsmadebyFederalGovernmentinstitutionsincludingtheMinistry of Environment andNatural Resources (SEMARNAT), the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR), the National Commission ofNaturalProtectedAreas(CONANP),theNationalCommissionforKnowledgeandUseofBiodiversity(CONABIO),theGeneralWildlifeOffice(DGVS),andbyStateGovernments,privatelandowners,ejidos,andlocalcommunities.SelectioncriteriaofproposedconservationareasforachievementofAichiTarget11

1. Allnaturalprotectedareasestablishedbythefederal,stateormunicipalgovernmentsbymeansofadecreelegallyandspecifically

establishingitspolygon,theobjectivesoftheirestablishment,andanormativeregulationforitsprotectionandmanagement.Suchareasaregenerallyestablishedbyproperlypublishedgovernmentaldecreesgrantingtheirpubliclegalstatusasconservationareas.

2. PrivatelyorsociallyownedareasdedicatedtoconservationofbiodiversityandecosystemsunderseveralmodalitiesincludingAreasVoluntarilyIntendedforConservation(ADVC)andManagementUnitsfortheConservationofWildlife(UMA)thathavebeenproperlyauthorizedandlistedintheirrespectiveofficialregistries.

3. Conservation areas in certified forests by the federal forestry authority. This includes forests certified by the Forest StewardshipCouncil(FSC).

4. Notakezonesor“refugesprotectedfromfishing”authorizedbyfederalauthoritythathavebeenproperlyestablishedinapublicationoftheFederalOfficialGazette.

5. Otherareasintendedforconservationhavingalegalbasis.ProposalofcalculationofconservationsurfaceareaforachievementofAichiTarget11FollowingaretheresultsofthecalculationbyDecemberof2016oftheextensionofconservationareafromdifferentenvironmentalpolicyinstrumentsproposedforachievementoftheAichiTarget11:

Avoiding any overestimation due to overlaps between conservationmodalities, a total of 31,248,801.97 hectares (ha) correspond to landsurfacelegallyestablishedbyseveralenvironmentalpolicyinstruments3,equivalentto15.91%ofthetotalnationallandandinlandwater

3 Natural Protected Areas (Federal, State, andMunicipal), Areas Voluntarily Intended for Conservation , Certified Forests,Management Units for the Conservation of

Wildlife,andFishRefuges.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

6

areas,whiletheextensionoftheprotectednationalmarineareaisof70,212.742.03equivalentto22.29%ofthetotal(Tables1and2).

Inordertoavoidduplicaterecordsofprotectedareas,ameticulousanalysiswaspreviouslymadeforexcludingfromdoublecountingallthoseprotected areas that presented overlapping of conservationmodalities. Internal overlapswere first determined between Federal NaturalProtectedAreas(PAs)and,afterwards,overlapswerefoundbetweenprotectedareasinthefollowinghierarchicalorder:PAs(Federal,Sate,andMunicipal),ADVC,CertifiedForests,UMA,andNoTakeZonesor“FishRefuges”.

Polygonsof State andMunicipal ProtectedAreaswereobtained from thegeographical databaseof ProtectedAreas thatwas compiled in2009 by Bezaury-Creel and collaborators4 based on delimiting surfaces according to the different environmental policies. The analysis ofCONANP eventually found noticeable discrepancies between the areamentioned in decrees and that of the polygons, because of whichsurface calculations were made using the geographic information system tools of CONANP (CONANP-GIS), which resulted in a total of4,911,267.35 ha (Bezaury Creel and collaborators data: 5,519,452.70 ha). The surfaces of State andMunicipal PAs was updated thanks toinformationprovidedbytheStateGovernmentsofTamaulipas,Yucatan,Coahuila,Hidalgo,Puebla,andGuanajuato.

4 Bezaury-CreelJ.E.,J.Fco.Torres,L.M.Ochoa-Ochoa,MarcoCastro-Campos,N.Moreno.(2009).BasedeDatosGeográficadeÁreasNaturalesProtegidasEstatalesydel

DistritoFederaldeMéxico,2009.TheNatureConservancy.México.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

7

Table1.ProtectedlandandinlandwaterareasincontinentalandislandsportionsofMexico’sterritory

EnvironmentalPolicyInstrument

December2016

Protectedlandandinlandwater(ha)

CURRENT

%oftotalcontinentalandinsularland(INEGI)

FederalNaturalProtectedAreas 20,983,229.96 10.68StateNaturalProtectedAreas 3,928,020.73 2.0MunicipalNaturalProtectedAreas 198,288.29 0.10VoluntaryConservationAreas(ADVC) 325,583.91 0.17CertifiedForestsCONAFOR5 2,041,895.91 1.04UMA6(Preliminary) 3,769,620.40 1.92CURRENTTOTAL 31,248,801.97 15.91%

5 Anevaluationof the statusof the vegetation in certified forests is currentlyunderway inorder tohave knowledge that ismoreprecise.Preliminarily, the total area

reported by CONAFOR is used. Several spatial inconsistencieswere found (of up to 500m) after spatial analysis in the CONANP-GIS; for this reason, adjustment ofcertifiedpolygonswasrequiredbasedonspatialdataoftheNationalAgrarianRegistry(RAN),whichwasusedbyCONAFORforidentifyingsuchcertifications.OverlapsbetweenFederal,State,andMunicipalProtectedNaturalAreas,andVoluntaryConservationAreas(ADVC)wereexcludedfromcalculations.

6ManagementUnitsforWildlifeConservation(extensiveUMA).Initiallytherewasageographicdatabaseof1,879UMAwitharegisteredareaof10,580,962.10haintotal.

On this database, CONABIOmade a depuration of UMA considering the land-use and vegetation data for the year 2010, generated by theMAD-MEX project usingLANDSATlandcoverdata(30mofspatialresolution),obtaining575UMAwithatotalareaof4,994.804ha.TheSECG/DESmadeaspatialanalysisselectingonlytheUMAwith90%ormoreofnaturalvegetationcover.Theresultwas389UMAwithatotalareaof4,302,804.88ha.Finally,theSECG/DESmadeaspatialanalysisforidentifyingtheUMAwithorwithoutoverlapbetweenthedifferentenvironmentalpolicyinstrumentsproposedforachievementofTarget11ofAichi(Federal,State,andMunicipalPAs;ADVC;andCertifiedForests).Theresultwasthatofthe389UMA,atotalareaof3,769,620.40hawhichdonothaveoverlapswithotherconservationareas.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

8

Table2.Protectedmarineareas

EnvironmentalPolicyInstrument

December2016

Protectedmarinearea(Ha)

CURRENT

%oftotalmarinearea(INEGI)

FederalNaturalProtectedAreas 69,458,708.06 22.05FishRefuges 754,033.97 0.24CURRENTTOTAL 70,212,742.03 22.29%

Consideringtheprogressobtainedtodate intheachievementofAichiTarget11,thegoalwasreachedin22.29%inrelationtothemarineareas.Ontheotherhand,assumingtheadoptionoftheproposedenvironmentalpolicyinstrumentsforthecalculationofprotectedareasofAichiTarget11intheCBD,thecreationofallthenewterrestrialprotectedareasthatCONANPhasprogrammedtobeestablishedinthenext2years,andthemaintainingofallexistingADVC,by2018thecoverageof18.16%ofthetotalnationallandandinlandwaterareaswouldbereached.Itisimportanttoanticipatefactorsthatcoulddelaytheestablishmentoftheprogrammednewterrestrialprotectedareas,whichjustifiesarequiredincreaseofadditionaleffortstoensuretheachievementofthegoal,sincethisachievementisessentialtomaintainthecredibilityandprestigeofMexicoasoneoftheleadingcountriesoftheCBD.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

Figure1.DistributionofconservationareasproposedforcalculationofachievementofAichiTarget11withintheConventiononBiologicalDiversity.

9

CONANPCOMISIÓN NACIONALDE ÁREAS NATURALES

PROTEGIDAS

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

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AnotherimportantaspectofsystemsofprotectedareastobeincludedfortheachievementofAichiTarget11isthatthesesystemsmustbeeffectivelyandequitablymanaged.TheNationalCommissionforNaturalProtectedAreasofMexico(CONANP)haddevelopedavarietyofmanagementeffectivenessassessmentprocesses fordifferentFederalProtectedAreas,someofwhichhadbeensupportedbycivil societyorganizations and international auditing institutions that together allow for making an important progress on this important aspect formeetingAichiTarget11.Followingarethemethodologiesofsuchprocesses.

§ IndexofImplementationandManagementforProtectedAreas:INDIMAPA

Auditingofperformanceofmanagementandimplementationofprotectedareaswascoordinatedamongtheauditinginstitutionsof12LatinAmericancountries.Thismethodologyhasthegoalofevaluatingtheexistenceofnormative, institutional,andoperationalconditionsrequiredforProtectedAreasforreachingthegoalsforwhichtheywerecreated,identifyingweaknessesandopportunitiesforimprovement,andadequatemanagementpracticesinordertoimprovetheirmanagement.INDIMAPAuses indicators and indexes to classify protected areas in three levels ofmanagement performance: low,medium, andhigh. It isassumedthatwhenaprotectedareareachesahigh levelof implementationandmanagement it isconsideredashavingbetterconditionsforreachingthegoalsestablishedduringitscreation.Intheyear2014,INDIMAPAwasforthefirsttimeappliedto150FederalPAs,andin2015itwasextendedtothe177FederalProtectedAreasinMexico.CONANPhasadoptedINDIMAPAastoolformonitoringtheperformanceofFederalProtectedAreas.

Severalmethodologieswithvariedobjectivesareavailableforindividualprotectedareas;thefollowinghadbeenappliedinMexicobetween2005and2016:

§ EcologicalAssessmentScorecardsThe ecological assessment scorecards tool deserves consideration for evaluationofmanagement effectiveness in ProtectedAreas,becauseitevaluatesthestatusandtrendsoftheprotectedareasbasedonexpertopinionson12majorquestions.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

11

The tool provides scorecards that serve as visual resources summarizing the conditions and tendencies of three fundamentalelementsofecosystems:water,habitat,andbiologicalresources.Between2008and2015scorecardsandreportsofconditionswereobtained for14ProtectedAreas, someof thesecountingwithat least twoscorecards separatedbya fouryear interval, thereforereflectingthetrendsineachofthethreeabove-mentionedelements.§ RapidAssessmentofManagementEffectivenessinMesoamericanMarineProtectedAreasThis tool has the objective of aiding managers of marine-coastal Protected Areas to assess the status of their administrativemanagement by assessing results fromaspects such as ecological integrity. The toolwas applied in twoProtectedAreas between2005and2013.§ ManagementEffectivenessTrackingTool(METT)TheManagement Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) is a rapid evaluation tool based on a questionnaire including the followingmanagement elements: context, planning, processes, and results. It provides monitoring mechanisms towards a more effectivemanagement.§ PomeroyandcollaboratorsmethodforevaluatingmanagementeffectivenessofmarineprotectedareasThetool initiallydesignedbyPomeroyandcollaborators (2006) formarineprotectedareas incorporatesthreeclassesof indicators(biophysical, socioeconomic, and governance), is meticulous, and can be applied to different areas and environments for beingadaptedandappliedaccording to the requirementsof eachProtectedArea.Althoughdesigned formarineareas, inMexico it hasbeenadaptedforuseinterrestrialProtectedAreas.Figure2showsProtectedAreastowhichtheabove-mentionedmanagementeffectivenessassessmenttoolshavebeenappliedsince2005andProtectedAreascurrentlyunderprocessesofmanagementeffectivenessevaluation.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

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ContentsPágina

IMPORTANT NOTE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 3

BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4

SELECTION CRITERIA OF PROPOSED CONSERVATION AREAS FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF AICHI TARGET 11 ...............................5

PROPOSAL OF CALCULATION OF CONSERVATION SURFACE AREA FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF AICHI TARGET 11 .......................5

FOLLOWING STEPS .................................................................................................................................................................. 15

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

National Commission of Natural Protected Areas, 2016. Mexico: Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity. SEMARNAT. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Mexico.

Coordination: Direction of Monitoring and Evaluation. Ignacio J. March Mifsut, Elva Ivonne Bustamante Moreno, Ignacio Paniagua Ruiz, Leonel Ruiz Paniagua.

CONANPCOMISIÓN NACIONALDE ÁREAS NATURALES

PROTEGIDAS

Figure2.DistributionofProtectedAreaswithatleastoneManagementEffectivenessAssessmentbymeansofthemethodologiesdescribedabove.

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

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Table3.MethodologiesofmanagementeffectivenessassessmentsappliedinMexico’sPAbetween2005and2016.

13

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

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Table4showsthenumberofPAsandthepercentageoftotalprotectedareathatalreadyhadbeenevaluatedbydifferentmethodsandPAsthatcurrentlyarestillbeingunderevaluation.

Table4.PercentageofconservationareainFederalProtectedAreasevaluatedbymeansofthemethodologiesdescribedaboveandPAunderevaluationprocesses

Methodologies for Management Effectiveness Assessment applied in Federal Protected Areas

Level of assessment Methodology

Number of ANP by Method

Total protected

area evaluated

(ha)

% of total protected

area Date of

assessment

Federal Protected

Area

Rapid Assessment of Management Effectiveness in Mesoamerican Marine Protected Areas

2 628,199 2.40% 2005 and 2013

Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool

11 3,047,582 2.50% 2014

Pomeroy and collaborators method 9 5,138,923 20.20% 2014-2016

Ecological Evaluation Scorecards 14 5,621,817 22.10% 2007-2015

Total area of the 28 PA with completed assessments not considering Indimapa 13,808,322 56.90% 2005 to 2016

INDIMAPA 170 25,621,863 99.97% 2015

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Towards achievement of Aichi Target 11 in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity

Mexico

Followingsteps1) ItisplannedtoimplementcommunicationeffortsontheprogressandaccomplishmentsmadetowardstheachievementofAichiTarget

11.Referencecanevenbemadetothefactthattwomoreyearsareavailableforachievingtheinternationalcommitmentandthattherightdirectioniscurrentlybeingfollowed.

2) FederalgovernmentcouldinviteStateGovernmentstoestablishnewStateprotectedareas,mostlyforconservationofhighecological

integrity7andfortheprotectionofunder-representedecosystems(e.g.,drytropicalforestsandnativegrasslands).3) ToreviewareasinwhichForestReservesandothermodalitiesweredecreedinthepast,thatarecurrentlyinappropriateconservation

status,andthathavethepossibilityofbecomingformalFederal,State,orMunicipalProtectedAreas.4) ValidateofficialinformationaboutUMAbyidentificationofoutstandingrecords.

5) Design and implementationof apermanent systemof PAManagement EffectivenessAssessment (EEM) tobe applied to eachof the

FederalProtectedAreas.

6) Integrate toPAmechanismsofmanagementassessments, governanceandconnectivityattributes, inorder include this factors in thecalculationoflevelofachievementofAichiTarget11inMexicoPA.

7 CONABIOhasgeneratedaspatiallyexplicitmodelforestimatingthecurrentecologicalintegrityofterrestrialareas.

15

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References

Corrales,L.2004.ManualparalaEvaluaciónRápidadelaEfectividaddeManejoenÁreasProtegidasMarinasdeMesoamérica.PROARCA/APM,USAID,TNC,Guatemala.

Hyde,D.,Herrmann,H.,Schmidt,K.andRichardson,K.2011.GuíaparalaelaboracióndeFichasdeEvaluaciónEcológicasenÁreasMarinasProtegidasparaAméricadelNorte.ComisiónparalaCooperaciónAmbiental.Montreal,Canada.

Pomeroy,R.S.,Parks,J.E.andWatson,L.M.2006.ComoEvaluarunaAMP.ManualdeIndicadoresnaturalesysocialesparaevaluarlaefectividaddelagestióndeÁreasMarinasProtegidas.UICN,Gland,SwitzerlandandCambridge,UnitedKingdom.

SecretaríadelConveniosobreDiversidadBiológica.PlanEstratégicoparalaDiversidadBiológica2011-2020ylasMetasdeAichi.Montreal,Quebec,Canada.

SecretaríadeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturales.2013.ProgramaSectorialdeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturales2013-2018.Mexico.

Stolton,S.,Hockings,M.,Dudley,N.,MacKinnon,K.,Whitten,T.andLeverington,F.2007.ReportingProgressatProtectedAreaSitesTheManagementEffectivenessTrackingTool.Secondedition.WorldBank/WWFForestAlliancepublishedbyWWF,Gland,Switzerland.

TribunaldeContasDaUnião.2015.RelatóriodaauditoriacoordenadanasáreasprotegidasdaAméricaLatina Brasilia,Brazil.

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