d - 9.01 - history1 the history of early childhood education the history of early childhood...

D - 9.01 - History 1

The History of The History of Early Childhood Early Childhood Education Education

Who are you?Who are you?How did you grow to become the How did you grow to become the

unique person you are today?unique person you are today?


What do you remember What do you remember about your childhood?about your childhood?

Earliest memoryEarliest memory Memory you expect to keep Memory you expect to keep

throughout lifethroughout life


Other Memories . . . Other Memories . . .

Most embarrassing moment?Most embarrassing moment?

Happiest experience?Happiest experience?

Scariest experience?Scariest experience?


The Importance of HistoryThe Importance of History

Why is it important Why is it important to know about the to know about the history of early history of early childhood childhood education?education?


Knowing about ECE HistoryKnowing about ECE History

Provides a sense of support and perspectiveProvides a sense of support and perspective Serves as a source of inspirationServes as a source of inspiration Helps teachers develop creative expressionHelps teachers develop creative expression Helps teachers develop better methods of Helps teachers develop better methods of

teachingteaching Creates awareness and understanding of Creates awareness and understanding of

changes in educationchanges in education Helps individuals get in touch with their own Helps individuals get in touch with their own

early childhood experiencesearly childhood experiences Helps individuals develop a philosophy of Helps individuals develop a philosophy of

teachingteaching


Many people have Many people have contributed to our contributed to our understanding of child understanding of child development …development …


John LockeJohn Locke

1632-1714

Tabula rasa

Founder of modern educational Founder of modern educational philosophyphilosophy

Theory based on scientific method, Theory based on scientific method, study of mind and learningstudy of mind and learning

Believed that each child is born with a Believed that each child is born with a “clean slate” (“clean slate” (tabula rasa) tabula rasa) on which on which their experiences are writtentheir experiences are written


EnvironmentalismEnvironmentalism

•The environment, not innate characteristics, determines what children will become

•The environment forms the mind

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Your Views - John LockeYour Views - John Locke

What do Locke’s What do Locke’s beliefs and his work beliefs and his work mean to you?mean to you?

What do you think What do you think about his “clean about his “clean slate” theory?slate” theory?

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Friedrich FroebelFriedrich Froebel

1782 - 1852

•Coined the word kindergarten

•Started the first kindergarten in Germany in 1837

•Emphasized teacher-directed learning

•Advocated freedom, initiative, and relevant curriculum

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Friedrich Froebel Friedrich Froebel --- --- Father of the KindergartenFather of the Kindergarten

In German, the word kindergarten means “children’s garden.”

Association between flower buds opening and children going through a natural unfolding process

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Your Views – Your Views – Friedrich FroebelFriedrich Froebel

What do Froebel’s beliefs What do Froebel’s beliefs and his work mean to you?and his work mean to you?

What do you remember What do you remember about being in kindergarten?about being in kindergarten?

Did your kindergarten Did your kindergarten experiences affect the experiences affect the person you are today?person you are today?

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Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

1856-1939

•A child’s personality develops through a predictable pattern of psychosexual stages.

•Many emotional and psychological problems of adults are connected to how their parents and care providers met their basic needs as children.

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The Id, the Ego, and the Superego – The Id, the Ego, and the Superego – Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

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Your Views – Your Views – Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

What do Freud’s What do Freud’s beliefs and his work beliefs and his work mean to you?mean to you?

How well were your How well were your needs met as a needs met as a child?child?

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John DeweyJohn Dewey1858 - 1952

•First real American influence on American education

•Founder of progressive movement

•His theory = progressivism

•Advocated child-centered learning in groups

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Dewey’s Dewey’s Pedagogic CreedPedagogic Creed

““Education, therefore, Education, therefore, is a process of living is a process of living and not a and not a preparation for preparation for future living.”future living.”

--John DeweyJohn Dewey

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Your Views - John DeweyYour Views - John Dewey

How much of education do How much of education do you believe is preparation for you believe is preparation for future living, and how much is future living, and how much is the actual process of living?the actual process of living?

Do you feel that learning Do you feel that learning should be centered around the should be centered around the subject or around the child?subject or around the child?

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Margaret McMillanMargaret McMillan1860 - 1931

•Margaret and her sister Rachel extended concern beyond education to medical and dental care for children

•Created open-air nursery in a slum

•Developed the McMillan

theory of fresh air, sleep, and bathing

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The McMillan SistersThe McMillan Sisters

Margaret and Rachel McMillan Margaret and Rachel McMillan crusaded to improve child care in crusaded to improve child care in English slums.English slums.

Many people credit the creation of Many people credit the creation of nursery schools to these sisters.nursery schools to these sisters.

Margaret created the name Margaret created the name nursery nursery school --- nursery school --- nursery to focus on the goal to focus on the goal of nurturing good health, andof nurturing good health, and school school to focus on educating young children.to focus on educating young children.

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Your Views – Your Views – Margaret McMillanMargaret McMillan

How important are fresh air, How important are fresh air, sleep, and bathing to the health sleep, and bathing to the health and well-being of children?and well-being of children?

Have you ever known a situation Have you ever known a situation where a child did not receive where a child did not receive adequate physical care? What adequate physical care? What were the results?were the results?

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Rudolph SteinerRudolph Steiner1861 - 1925

•Founded Waldorf Schools

•Interdisciplinary, multi-sensory curriculum with emphasis on the arts

•Emphasized the whole child; begin where the learner is.

•Promoted self-regulation and self-discipline

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Rudolph SteinerRudolph Steiner

Steiner believed that experiences Steiner believed that experiences for young children need to be for young children need to be carefully selected. He believed carefully selected. He believed that fairy tales helped them learn that fairy tales helped them learn important truths.important truths.

Modern-day followers of Waldorf Modern-day followers of Waldorf philosophy believe that TV-viewing philosophy believe that TV-viewing for children should be limited.for children should be limited.

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Your Views – Your Views – Rudolph SteinerRudolph Steiner

What are your views on What are your views on children and television?children and television?

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Patty HillPatty Hill

1868 - 1946

•Founded the National Association for the Education of Young Children

•Originated large-muscle equipment and materials for climbing and construction.

•Wrote the song “Happy Birthday”

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Patty HillPatty Hill

Her ideas about unifying kindergarten and first-grade work became the focus of modern kindergarten practice.

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Your Views – Patty HillYour Views – Patty Hill

Do you believe it is important Do you believe it is important for kindergarten and first-for kindergarten and first-grade learning experiences grade learning experiences to be unified?to be unified?

D - 9.01 - History 29

Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori1870 - 1952

•Education begins at birth

•The early years are very important as children go through “sensitive periods.” Their curiosity makes them ready to learn certain things at certain times.

•Goals of education: the formation of the child and development of character

Child copies reality,

rather than constructs it.

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Maria MontessoriMaria Montessori

Elements of early childhood programs that are attributed to Montessori:– A prepared environment (the teacher’s

responsibility)– Self-correcting and sequential

materials (usually tactile-touch)– Teaching based on observation– Trust in children’s inborn drive to learn

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Your Views – MontessoriYour Views – Montessori

Which of Maria Montessori’s Which of Maria Montessori’s philosophies ring true for you?philosophies ring true for you?

Were you ever enrolled in a Were you ever enrolled in a Montessori school as a child, or Montessori school as a child, or have you ever visited one?have you ever visited one?

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Lev VygotskyLev Vygotsky

•Focuses on the child as a whole

•Incorporates culture and values into child development

•Sociocultural Theory: A child’s development is influenced by more than personal experiences.

1896-1934

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Vygotsky’sVygotsky’sSociocultural TheorySociocultural Theory

Important influences on a child’s Important influences on a child’s development includedevelopment include– FamilyFamily– CommunityCommunity– Socioeconomic statusSocioeconomic status– CultureCulture

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Sociocultural Theory-Sociocultural Theory-Implications for TeachersImplications for Teachers

1.1. Incorporate each child’s family and Incorporate each child’s family and culture into the school.culture into the school.

2.2. The relationship between teacher The relationship between teacher and child is very important to and child is very important to learning.learning.

3.3. Use the tools of the society to help Use the tools of the society to help children learn.children learn.

4.4. Play is an important part of learning.Play is an important part of learning.5.5. It’s very important to note individual It’s very important to note individual

differences among learners.differences among learners.

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Lev VygotskyLev Vygotsky

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

(the distance between (the distance between the actual the actual developmental level and developmental level and the level of potential the level of potential development)development)

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Your View – VygotskyYour View – Vygotsky

Can you think of an area of skill in Can you think of an area of skill in which your ZPD is large --- that is, the which your ZPD is large --- that is, the distance between your actual level of distance between your actual level of skill and your potential skill level is skill and your potential skill level is very great?very great?

“ “You have a long way to go!”You have a long way to go!”

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Loris MalaguzziLoris Malaguzzi1920 - 1994

•Founded Reggio Emilia Schools

•Schools have teachers, a pedagogista, and an aterlierista

•All children capable of learning

•Children construct their own learning

•Documenting children’s work is essential for success of the program

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Loris MalaguzziLoris Malaguzzi

The family and community are important parts of the “amiable school.”

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Your Views – MalaguzziYour Views – Malaguzzi

What do you think What do you think should be the role of the should be the role of the family in an early family in an early childhood classroom?childhood classroom?

The role of the The role of the community?community?

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Imagine what our world would Imagine what our world would have been like without . . .have been like without . . .

KindergartenKindergarten Nursery schoolNursery school Montessori schoolsMontessori schools Child-centered learningChild-centered learning Medical/dental care for Medical/dental care for

children?children?

D - 9.01 - History 41

What do you think the What do you think the contributions of these contributions of these leaders will mean to you leaders will mean to you as you work with young as you work with young children? children?

Stay tuned for more . . .Stay tuned for more . . .

Objective 3.01 Objective 3.01 Recognize the importance of and Recognize the importance of and

contributions of leaders in the history of contributions of leaders in the history of early childhood education.early childhood education.

d - 9.01 - history1 the history of early childhood education the history of early childhood...

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