cwc publications, software design tools -...

Toronto Wood Solutions Fair 2015 CWC Tools & Publications

Kevin Rocchi & Adam Robertson 1

Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. and Kevin Rocchi, MASc., E.I.T.

November 24th 2015

Toronto, ON

CWC Publications, Software & Design Tools

Canadian Wood CouncilG063

CWC Publications, Software and Tools

Kevin Rocchi, MASc., E.I.T. Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.Canadian Wood Council

November 24, 2015



The Canadian Wood Council represents the Canadian wood products industry through a

national federation of Associations:

CWC produces and communicates technical information to architects, engineers, builders, and other specifiers on how to use wood in buildings from structural, fire, durability, and sustainability design perspectives.

www.cwc.ca



Presentation Outline

1. Publication: Wood Design Manual 2015

2. Publication: Introduction to Wood Design

3. Publication: Permanent Wood Foundations 2016

4. Software: WoodWorks® Design Office

5. Publication: Span Book

6. Publication: Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction 2014

7. Free online tool: Wall Thermal Design Calculator

8. Free online tool: Carbon Calculator

9. Publication: Environmental Product Declarations













Wood Design Manual 2015

WDM 2015 Organization

2) Bending members3) Compression members4) Tension members5) Combined loads6) Bearing7) Fastenings8) Shearwalls & diaphragms9) Applications10) Design for fire safety11) Reference information12) CSA commentary



WDM 2015 Organization

2) Bending members3) Compression members4) Tension members5) Combined loads6) Bearing7) Fastenings8) Shearwalls & diaphragms9) Applications10) Design for fire safety11) Reference information12) CSA commentary

Shearwalls and Diaphragms

•Revise the lateral design chapter in accordance with NBC 2015 & CSA O86-14

•Provide new shearwall and diaphragm selection tables based on CSA O86-14

•Revise design examples in accordance with new seismic design provisions in NBC 2015

•Address mid-rise design (5-6 storey)



Shearwalls and diaphragms

•~30 pages of shearwall and diaphragm selection tables for different combination of sheathing, studs and nail size and spacing:

• Derived mechanics-based approach• Indicate failure mode; fastener or panel buckling• Indicate appropriateness for wind or seismic design• Includes power driven nails• Address high capacity shearwalls and diaphragms

High-capacity shearwalls and diaphragms

• Midply shearwalls – double shear

Nail in single shear

Nail in doubleshear

Sheathing Stud or

Plate

Grain direction

89 mm

Stud or Plate

38 mm 38 mm ns = 2



High-capacity shearwalls and diaphragms

• Diaphragms with multiple rows of fasteners

Design for fire safety

Fire resistance of large cross-section wood elements

• Annex B of CSA O86-14:

• Addresses solid sawn timber, glued-laminated timber and structural composite lumber (LVL, LSL, PSL)

• Ability to include contribution of gypsum board

• Guidance on protection of connections













Introduction to Wood Design



Overview

•aims to assist readers in becoming familiar with wood design

• by understanding the design performance properties of wood as a building material

• by teaching background information on reliability, safety and limit states design criteria

• by learning how to design structural timber elements using a first principles approach

Introduction to Wood Design

Structural Form

• Factors influencing structural form & approximate span ranges for structural systems



Design Properties of Wood

Wood Products



Design for alternative loadings(axial, tension, bending, combined loading)

Connections – Shear plates



Connections – Bolts

Connections – Lag screws (or lag bolts)



Connections – Timber rivets (or glulam rivets)

Connections – Nails



Lateral Load Resisting Systems

Sample Building Design

• Design examples provided for major structural components of an office/warehouse













Permanent Wood Foundations 2016

• New edition of the CWC publication Permanent Wood Foundations

• Last updated in 1997

• Scheduled to be available for purchase in early 2016



• Most common in Prairies and Northern/remote locations

• First ones built as early as 1950 and are still performing well today

• Consists of below grade stud walls constructed of preservative treated lumber and plywood sheathing

• Higher level of preservative treatment (CCA) Courtesy of Spray Lakes Sawmill






• Revised design tables (up to 3‐storeys above grade):

• Stud sizes & spacing• Sheathing thickness• Edge nail spacing• Footing sizes

• Updated to comply with:• CSA S406‐14 with 2016 Amendment

• NBC 2015• CSA O86‐14


• Now permitted for use in high wind and seismic zones

• Now permitted for use in all Part 9 buildings (up to 3‐storeys above grade)

Courtesy of Spray Lakes Sawmill




• New background information, design guidance, and best practices related to building science, heat transfer and hygrothermal performance

Why Build a Permanent Wood Foundation?

•Operational energy savings (higher heat resistance assembly)

•Cost effective during construction (fewer trades, can be prefabricated and erected in any weather)

•Remote site(lack of transportation infrastructure)

•Lower environmental impact over building’s life cycle (embodied + operational impacts)




• Complies with NBC 2015

Permanent Wood Foundations 2016Additional information on preservative treatment contact:

http://www.woodpreservation.ca/

PWF Fact Sheet:

http://cwc.ca/publications/technical/fact‐sheets/

CWC publication Permanent Wood Foundations 2016 will be available in early 2016













SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design

Lateral Design (Wind and Seismic)

Fasteners

Concept mode

Column modeBeam mode

DATABASE EDITORAdd proprietary products

Conforms to the NBC 2010 and CSA O86‐14

Electronic copy of CSA O86 included with purchase of Design Office suite ($205 value)



SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode



SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode

Column mode

Beam mode




SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode

Column mode

Beam mode

DATABASE EDITORAdd proprietary products Tension (‐)

and compression axial forces

SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode



P

P

P



SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode

Beam mode

Column mode


Products included in generic Cdn Sizer:

SHEARWALLS

CONNECTIONS

SIZERGravity Design


Fasteners

Concept mode

Beam modeColumn mode




Purchase online:www.woodworks‐software.com

$995

Design Office includes PDF of CSA O86 $205 value

Discounts for multi‐seat purchasesDiscounts for upgradesSizer stand‐alone available at lower cost

Free for educators and building officials

Part 4:• Engineered Design• CSA O86

Part 9:• Prescriptive Design• Span Tables in Appendix• Section 9.23.13 of NBC

Wood Design ManualIntroduction to Wood Design

WoodWorks® Software

NBC Part 4 vs. NBC Part 9

More Guidance on Prescriptive Design in CWC publications













Span Book 2009 Edition

•Spans for Wood members in

Part 9 of the NBC were

developed by the CWC

•Referenced in Appendix of the

NBC as an alternative method

for selecting spans for Part 9

structures

•Span Book includes the same

spans as Part 9 Appendix,

except more options/flexibility



Span Book 2009 EditionGuidance on Part 9 Design Assumptions


Part 9 Design Assumptions




Part 9 Design Assumptions

Span Book 2009 EditionMore Options for Joists




More Options for Lintels


More Options for Lintels

Part 9 Provides lintel spans based on maximum Tributary Width of 4.9 m



Span Book 2009 EditionSpans Available in Imperial Units













Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction 2014 Edition

• Updated to conform with NBC 2015 and CSA O86‐14 (Available early 2016)

• Basis of Subsection 9.23.13 of the NBC ‐ Bracing to Resist Lateral Loads Due to Wind and Earthquake

• Referenced in Part 9 of the NBC as an alternative design tool to the prescriptive design for housing and small buildings

• Bridges the Gap between a Part 9 (Prescriptive Design) and Part 4 (Engineered Design)


Who uses the Engineering Guide?•Architects, Engineers, Contractors and Building Officials who live in areas of Canada which are considered as High Wind or Seismic Zones

Where do High Wind Zones occur in Canada?•5 Locations (NBC 2015)

3 in Newfoundland, 1 in North West Territories, and 1 in Alberta

Where do High Seismic Zones occur in Canada?•50 Locations (NBC 2015)

40 in British Columbia, 7 in Quebec, 2 in Yukon and 1 in New Brunswick




Engineering Guide FormatPART A: Forward

‐How to use it?PART B: Design Requirements

‐Equations used in Parts C and DPART C: Supplementary Guidelines on Applicability and Scope

‐Basis of 9.23.13 of NBCPART D: Supplementary Tables

‐Tables to Develop loads and Design Components


Why have there been Changes to Part C of the Engineering Guide?•Updated procedure in Part 4 of the NBC 2015 for calculating seismic loads

Increase in total base shear for small buildings less than 3 stories

•Updated seismic climatic data in NBC 2015A number of locations (Including Victoria, BC), would no longer be allowed to be designed following Part 9




Braced Wall Framing Details: Typical Wall Sheathing Connection in the NBC 2010 and Engineering Guide 2009:• 3/8” thick sheathing (9.5 mm)• 2 ¼” long nail (2.84 mm dia, 57

mm long)• 6 inch panel edge spacing (150

mm)• 12 inch panel interior spacing

(300 mm)• unblocked wall


Updated Braced Wall Panel Construction Details Table

Sa(0.2) =0.249 (Toronto in NBC 2015)




Updated Braced Wall Panel Construction Details Table


Example using Part D of the Guide

How Many Nails?

Snow LoadRidge Plate (Not a Beam) –Does not Resist vertical Load




Rafter Spacing = 600 mmRoof Slope = 6/12

Building Width = 8 mSpecified Roof Snow Load = 1 kPa (Toronto)

8 m

SL = 1 kPa

6

12


Prescriptive Design




Prescriptive Design


Engineered Design




Engineered Design


Additional Guidance in Guide on Raised Ties




Additional Guidance in Guide on Rafter Connection at Roof Ridge (Wind)













Wall Thermal Design Calculator

www.cwc.caDesign Tools Wall Thermal Design

www.cwc.ca/wtd


What’s the Purpose of the Wall Thermal Design Calculator?

To provide designers with climate‐zone appropriate insulated wall assembly solutions:•easily comparable with prescriptive energy efficiency requirements (NECB, NBC, Provincial)

•with a climate specific durability assessment




Nominal vs Effective R‐values

Nominal R‐value:

Installed R‐value of the insulation components only, as labelled on the product.

Example: R19/20 batts

R19 batt (wood studs)

R20 batt (metal studs)

Effective R‐value:

R‐value including the contribution of framing members (spacing and material type)

National Energy Requirements (Wall Effective R values):



SB‐12

Nominal insulation R 22 to 27

Ontario Zone 1 Ontario Zone 2



EdmontonZone: 7AHDD: 5120MI: 0.48

Vancouver:Zone: 4HDD: 2950MI: 1.69

TorontoZone: 5HDD: 3800MI: 0.87

MontrealZone: 6HDD: 4500MI: 0.93

St John’s Zone: 6HDD: 4800 MI: 1.41

Climate zones (HDD 18 °C) and modelled cities

Sudbury… Zone: 7ANECB 2011 R27ASHRAE 90.1 2010 R19.6OBC SB‐10 (up to 2016) R21.8

Toronto… Zone: 5NECB 2011 R20.4ASHRAE 90.1 2010 (Residential) R19.6OBC SB‐10 (up to 2016, Res) R21.8

Guelph… Zone: 6NECB 2011 R23ASHRAE 90.1 2010 R19.6OBC SB‐10 (up to 2016) R21.8

Min Effective R‐value Walls




Step 1: Calculate stud cavity effective insulation:

% %

Step 3: 13.40 + 3.34 =

23% (area of framing)

77% (area of cavity insulation)

RF = 6.75 RC = 19

= 13.40

= 3.34

Reff = 16.74

Air film 0.17Brick 0.40Air space 1.02Plywood 0.62

Gypsum 0.45Air film 0.68

Total continuous

3.34

Step 2: Add in series all layers of the continuous materials in the assembly, including air films and “still air” spaces.

Effective R‐value calculation for 2x6 at 16” o.c. (brick + air space, plywood, gypsum):

SB‐12 (Zone 1) after December 31, 2016:



Wall Thermal Design CalculatorExample: Toronto - R24 Nominal




Wall Thermal Design CalculatorExample: Toronto ‐ R24 Nominal


Scroll to the right to specify cladding

and other details

Choices narrowed to 4





Wall assembly components...

…and assembly RSI and R values

Wall assembly components...



Durability


Durability assessment




www.cwc.caDesign Tools Wall Thermal Design

www.cwc.ca/wtd

Questions / suggestions:

Email: [email protected]













• www.cwc.ca Design Tools Carbon Calculator

Online Carbon CalculatorsFor Wood Buildings

Carbon Estimator – Generic Analysis



Carbon Estimator – Generic Analysis

Online Carbon CalculatorsFor Wood Buildings

• www.cwc.ca Design Tools Carbon Calculator



Carbon Calculator – Detailed Analysis

(ESSB, Vancouver – Perkins + Will)





Siding & Roofing species:Western Red Cedar/Eastern White Cedar




• 400,000 board feet of FSC‐certified glulam (2010 FSC award winner)• Torrefied aspen for exterior ceilings & façade accents• Design inspired by IPCC report recommending the use of wood building products

instead of concrete or steel to mitigate climate change effects

GHA Architecture et Developpement

• 6‐storey office building• Performance‐based

alternative solution• 60,000 ft2 of floor area

Carbon Case Study – Fondaction, QC

• Originally conceived as a concrete structure – put on hold due to cost

• Redesigned in wood after 2009 BCBC changes allowed for 6‐storey wood‐frame construction

JM Architecture

Carbon Case Study – Library Square, B.C.

• 6‐storey mixed‐use• 35,500 ft2 library + retail• 150 condominium units













• Declaration conveying LCA‐derived environmental impact data about products

• Similar to nutrition labels on food products

• Transparently discloses standardized data about the potential environmental impacts

• Simple & user‐friendly mechanism to bring LCA information to product specifiers

Environmental Product Declarations (EPD)



• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

– Scientific‐based, objective evaluation methodology

– Based on environmental modeling of impacts

– Potential impact indicators (GWP, eutrophication, acidification, ozone depletion, etc.)

Whole‐Building Evaluation Tools

(Tackle Climate Change, Use Wood) (USEPA)

(JRC‐EU)

Data for ½” x 6”, Clear Grade, Painted

EPD for Western Red Cedar Bevel Siding



• Industry wide EPDs for wood products (available at cwc.ca/green/epds)

1. Softwood lumber

2. Plywood

3. OSB

4. Glulam

5. LVL

6. I‐Joists

7. Preservative treated lumber (ACQ & Borate)

• Qualifies for M&R credits under LEED v4

EPDs for North American Wood Products



www.reusewood.org

Other Online Tools!



This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing

Education Systems Course

Canadian Wood CouncilWood WORKS! BC

www.cwc.cawww.wood‐works.org

Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. and Kevin Rocchi, MASc., E.I.T.

[email protected]

support@woodworks‐software.com

Questions/ Comments?

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