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Canadian Wood Council G063
Smarter Skins and Building Systems for
High Performance Sustainable Buildings
Robert Marshall, Building Science Manager, CertainTeed November 24, 2015
Credit(s) earned on completion of
this course will be reported to AIA
CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for both
AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon
request.
This course is registered with AIA
CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not
include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction
or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product. _______________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods,
and services will be addressed at the conclusion
of this presentation.
Gain unparalleled applied building science insights on energy efficiency, moisture management, acoustics and indoor environmental air quality for wood buildings. Integrating these systems together will result in world class award winning sustainable buildings that exceed expectations and are more affordable, energy efficient & healthier.
Course
Description
Learning
Objectives
Key learning points: • Energy Efficiency Principles and Definitions • Moisture management of wood-frame buildings • Acoustic practices for wood-frame buildings • Enhanced Indoor Environmental Air Quality in
wood-frame buildings • The smarter approaches in residential buildings
(through practical examples)
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
Bob Marshall, P. Eng., BDS, LEED® AP
SMARTER SKINS (ENVELOPE/FACADE) AND SYSTEMS FOR HIGHER PERFORMANCE
SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS – WOOD SOLUTIONS FAIR; TORONTO, ON
November 24, 2015
Towards +2030 Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) to gain competitive advantages
Understand Energy Efficiency trends & Energy Use Intensities (EUI) in Codes
and large residential projects (200 →100 → O kwhr./m2/yr.) to reduce costs and emissions
Application of moisture management practices to prevent leaks and mould
Practices for reducing flanking acoustics to improve Well Being
Indoor Environmental Air Quality strategies to enhance Health
Thanks to
ISO/CSC (Standards Council of Council)
Appointed ISO Expert; NRC Energy Targets TG and SCEEB
(NECB)
PRE DESIGN PHASE -Air Barrier System (ABS) for Energy Efficiency
-Water Resistant Barriers (WRB) for Moisture Management - Acoustic Measures, and
- Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)
Design Construction
Robert Marshall, P. Eng., - Building Science Expert
• NECB, ASHRAE, OBC, BCBC, Toronto and Vancouver & Client Energy Targets towards zero
• National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB 2011) Improvement of ~25% from MNECB 1997
• NECB 2015 proposed mandatory Energy Use Intensities (EUIs in kwh/m²/yr.)
– i.e. in Climate Zone 5
Large MURBs-170 kwh/m²/yr.
Large Offices - 160 kwh/m²/yr.
• Toronto & Ontario Benchmarking & Climate Change
• OAA 2030 Challenge
– 70% by 2015
– 80% by 2020
– 90% by 2025
– And 100% by 2030
What are potential Predesign Building Skin
Solutions to comply with energy efficient
high performance building skins?
EUI Targets Essential (Manage what is Measured)
- Need Air Barrier System (ABS), Water Resistant Barrier (WRB) Systems, Acoustics & IEQ Holistic solutions in
CODES, Standards and Local Ordinances to deliver benefits to the public and lower costs/emissions -LEED v.4 fueling design and construction of energy efficient green buildings. -New LEED v.4 has prerequisite for building enclosure (envelope) review. smart
Coming to the City of Toronto (and likely Ontario) 2016
National Building Code of Canada (NBC) and National Energy
Code for Buildings (NECB) are Models- Large Municipalities
are taking the lead
City of Vancouver By-Law to collect Energy Data
Vancouver’s 2014 Building By-Law goes into effect
July 1 and includes a requirement to report the
anticipated energy performance of all new buildings
at the design stage.
• Attractive façades & features
• Facilitate urban densification
• Varied features due to wood frame
flexibility
• Natural thermal advantages
• Building Science moisture control &
mould resistance important
• Affordability (~10 to 20% more cost
effective)
6 Storey Fire Protected Wood Mid-Rise Buildings provide Sustainable Multi-Comfort Habitat
Holistic Strategy for Building Smarter Skins at Predesign Stage including Building Envelope Commissioning (BECx)
1/ High performance insulation/assemblies/air barrier/water resistant systems
2/ Indoor environmental quality
3/ Minimize thermal bridges & Clean E-Power
Credit: NRC Credit: IRAP
Many innovative products from international sources; Take advantage of $$ incentives especially for
renewable energy
-NEED MORE NORTH AMERICAN COLABORATIONS
It pays to design and construct buildings for
lower EUIs
Holistic IDP $$ up to $50k
EP improvements up to $50k (+25% in EE)
Commissioning up to $5k
Savings by Design may be available from utilities
Air Barrier System (ABS) tightness of key Importance ~100x more moisture from air leakage
vs. vapour diffusion Credit: NRC/TARION 1993 Air Barrier Systems & BCC Ruling
Smarter Skins-CODE Solutions Summary
Exterior Sealed Sheathing System
Air Barrier System (ABS)+Water Resistant Barrier (WRB)
system combo for energy efficiency and moisture protection
Note: (.40 cfm/ft2) = .2 L/s.m2 @ 75Pa for ABS in Canadian
Codes
Proprietary components (Tapes, fasteners & sealants) for Part 3
buildings
More walls (60%) less windows (40%) for
energy efficiency and health
- Best Air Tightness
according to ASHRAE 1478 RP and field
testing
- Sheet Applied Wraps may not work on
mid & high rise buildings
- Need to apply other Code solutions
Specific products are not endorsed. The following are
application examples only for illustrative purposes.
Liquid Applied Air Barrier
System (.21 cfm/ft2)-Better - Above freezing temperatures
required
- Drained EIFS
Deficiency?
Sealed Sheathing Air Barrier System
(.19 cfm/ft2)-Best - 2 stage application (Primer and then
Adhered Membrane)
- Difficult to install at below freezing
temperatures
Sealed Sheathing Air
Barrier System - Polyamide intermittent
spacers to reduce thermal
bridging
Sealed Sheathing Air Barrier System (.19 cfm/ft2)-Best - 1 stage application (no primer required)
- Can apply to -20 C (0 F)
- Can see fasteners for installing spacers and angles/girts
(transparent)
- Canadian Standard approvals
- Reverse ship lap does not void warranty
- Supplier/Installer extended warranty
Sheet Applied Air Barrier System (.34 cfm/ft2)-May
not be suitable for mid & high rise buildings
- CCMC approvals for building wraps
- Mechanically fastened with many penetrations
- Cannot see fasteners to studs for installing spacers,
angles or ties
- No Supplier/Installer extended warranty
- How do you repair if failure of air barrier system test?
(Removing cladding very expensive)
Total Installed Cost of Sealed Sheathing Best
(1 –stage Air Barrier System) for NECB Large
Building MURB Archetype (10 stories)
See Schematic (right)
- Climate Zone 5 (Windsor/Victoria)
- Assume 20% more expensive materials & no
labour savings from not requiring priming
- Estimated 15% improvement in energy efficiency
due to tighter construction
- Payback of ~ 7 years from energy savings
- Plus piece of mind
More Key Lessons Learned for Residential Buildings; - Reasonable ratio of window/walls (40/60 target)
- More Curtain Wall & Advanced Window/Wall Systems for high-
rise
- Increase in the use of punched windows with prefab
walls/gypsum interiors
- Smaller or thermally separated balconies
$1.5 Billion Class Action Lawsuit
on Leaky Condos vs. BC Attorney
General was dismissed.
Need to follow CODES and Good
Practices
- When moisture & mould issues
crop up, building professionals
may have no liability insurance
except for drained (rain-screen)
systems.
- Homeowners in BC were not
protected when Builders
Warranty Program went
bankrupt
- HPO in BC established to
restore consumer confidence
for Condos
Moisture Management Checklist Need rain-screen details
Improve details for fit for purpose, durability and to reduce risks of leaks & mould
Model and analyze complicated interfaces
Integrate rain screen/drainage and water resistant barriers (second line of protection) in wall systems
(see sketch)
Integrate continuous air barrier systems
Design for drying with smarter systems
Identify multiple customer benefits (IAQ, Acoustics, Moisture & Mould Resistance, Fire Safety, Energy Efficiency, Durability and Sustainability.)
Nylon-based material looks
similar to typical polyethylene
sheeting.
- Because it is an advanced,
high-performance material, it
changes its permeability with
ambient humidity conditions.
- Designed to be applied over
unfaced fiber glass
insulation and allows
building envelope systems
to increase their
drying potential
with seasonal climatic
changes
- How does it work?.
The Smart Air Barrier and Vapour Barrier increases Drying
How the Smart Air and Vapour Barrier Works
Leadership in systems approach with multiple benefits and 3-D computer printed with
gypsum model showing fire resistance, acoustic, moisture, IAQ and sustainability - LAUNCHED Area Separation Firewalls SEPT. 2014 at Architects Symposium
- NEW NOV. 2015 Model is Triple Wood Stud Partition – Exterior Smarter Skins (See Below)
- Communication with + 500 Architects that have participated in advanced Building Insight Symposiums
and Wood Solution Fairs
Changes in 2010 NBC & BCBC
allow Performance Based Solutions
- Area Separation Firewalls can be
wood/gypsum and provide acoustic
separation
(See 3-D gypsum sample of computer printed model in CertainTeed SAINT-GOBAIN Booth)
Leadership in System Solutions – Areas Separation Firewalls
Gypsum 3 D Model- Multiple Sustainable Habitat Benefits Matrix
Gypsum fire stopping required at headers
6 Storey Prefab Gypsum Protected Wood Mid-Rise & Tall Wood Buildings
Credit: CWC/Saint-Gobain Europe
Innovation
• Need pre-fab walls and/or floors with gypsum to
provide passive fire protection and speed up
construction. • Innovative Leaders in Prefabricated Sustainable
Habitat (18 storey in the UK and 32 storey in
Sweden) • 14 storey in Ottawa, 13 storey in Quebec City, 18
storey in Vancouver tall buildings in the pre-
design stage
Minimizing Sources of Pollutants -Critical in higher energy efficient (tighter) buildings
• Moisture, mold, plants, insects, viruses and bacteria
• Temperature and relative humidity extremes
• Particulates from smoke, outdoor air and cleaning
• Inadequate air circulation and ventilation
• Carbon monoxide from auto exhaust and tobacco
• Carbon dioxide from people and combustion appliance
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from a variety of chemicals emitted as gas
28
Common Indoor Air Pollutants – Need Standards and CODES
• World Health Organization (WHO) and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classify the effects of indoor air pollutants on human health
• Common indoor air pollutants carcinogenic to humans at unacceptable concentration exposures include: – Formaldehyde
– Total VOC
– Radon gas
• Other common indoor air pollutants that may impact human health include: – Carbon dioxide (CO2)
– Relative humidity
– Airborne particles
29
Indoor Pollutants Holistic Remediation Strategies
• Dilute gaseous pollution sources with outdoor air ventilation
• Remove airborne particulates with filtration (See illustration)
• Control humidity with dehumidification
• Manage moisture flow through building envelopes
• Control building air leakage
• Remove or reduce pollution sources by specifying low emitting materials
• Capture airborne pollution sources using passive building material/panels and systems (See illustration)
30
- Buildings are required to be Tighter and Tighter
- Healthier IAQ (Low & Very Low Polluting) buildings will reduce Canada’s Health Care Costs
- Canadian Experts working on Canadian Codes and a new ISO standard for
Indoor Environmental Quality (Part of New 52000 series for Built Environment using Holistic Approach) -LEED v.4 fueling design and construction of energy efficient green buildings. -New LEED v.4 has prerequisite for building enclosure (envelope) review. smart
Transit Facility;15 MTO; Halifax Regional Library; Greater Toronto Area
50+ LEED Buildings $22B in Energy/Yr. in ICI Canadian Buildings (USA 10X Energy Use)
Credits: Confidential; Quadrangle; Contract Glaziers; Confidential
THERMAL COMFORT-HEALTH vs. Other Building Costs
People 100 Maintenance 10
Financing 10 Energy 1
This clearly shows the #1 priority is buildings for
People Well-Being IAQ/IEQ performance is critical in tighter buildings
New draft International Standards (DIS) 17772-1
Responsible Agency; ISO/JWG163-205/WG 4
Share Results; Experts Meetings March, April, Sept. (in Canada) and Nov. 2015
- Energy performance of buildings - Indoor Environmental Quality - part 2: Guideline for using indoor environmental
input parameters for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings.
- Mandatory regulatory requirements in EU-Likely Spring 2016 & included in WELL Standard 2015
- Recommended IEQ be a National Building Code and/or National Energy Code for Buildings proposed change
Category
Very low
polluting
building
l/(s m2)
Low polluting
building
l/(s m2)
Non low-
polluting
building
l/(s m2)
I (high) 0,5 1,0 2,0
II (normal) 0,35 0,7 1,4
III(acceptable) 0,2 0,4 0,8
IV (low) 0,15 0,3 0,6
Minimum total
Ventilation
rate
for health
4 l/s person 4 l/s person 4 l/s person
What kind of indoor environmental quality standard do we want to deliver to our customers?
Category
Very low
polluting
building
l/(s m2)
Low polluting
building
l/(s m2)
Non low-
polluting
building
l/(s m2)
I (high) 0,5 1,0 2,0
II (normal) 0,35 0,7 1,4
III(acceptable) 0,2 0,4 0,8
IV (low) 0,15 0,3 0,6
Minimum total
Ventilation
rate
for health
4 l/s person 4 l/s person 4 l/s person
Results; Entire New ISO 52000 series of Standards and
likely Canadian Code proposed changes
Very low and Low polluting buildings for the well-being of our customers
Harmonize & Adapt/Adopt new
ISO 52000 series of Standards
with Health Canada Air Quality
Guidelines
In very low and low polluting
buildings for the well-being of
the public
Table B6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
Table B6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
Pollutant WHO
Indoor Air Quality guidelines 2010
WHO Air Quality guidelines 2005
Benzene No safe level can be
determined -
Carbon monoxide
15 min. mean: 100 mg/m3 1h mean: 35 mg/m3 8h mean: 10 mg/m3 24h mean: 7 mg/m3
-
Formaldehyde 30 min. mean: 100 µg/m3 -
Naphthalene Annual mean: 10 µg/m3 -
Nitrogen dioxide 1h mean: 200 µg/m3
Annual mean: 40 mg/m3 -
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (e.g. Benzo Pyrene A B[a]P)
No safe level can be determined
-
Radon 100 Bq/m3
(sometimes 300 mg/m3, country-specific)
-
Trichlorethylene No safe level can be
determined -
Tetrachloroethylene Annual mean: 250 µg/m3
Sulfure dioxide - 10 min. mean: 500 µg/m3 24h
mean: 20 mg/m3
Ozone - 8h mean:100 µg/m3
What are the
health &
wellness
synergies from
the application
of the ISO draft
17772 and Well
standards?
Building Smarter Skins - Wall Passive Panel Solutions Example
Smarter Skin Solutions for Healthy Very low or Low Polluting Buildings
-Air cleaning gypsum wall panels in the Building Envelope with formaldehyde removal effect
(ISO (DIS) 17772/section 6.2.2. Filtration and air cleaning)
Building Smarter Skin System Solutions-Passive IEQ – Air cleaning panels
Air cleaning gypsum wall panels in Hospitals, Offices,
Schools and Healthy Homes will contribute to
Very low and Low polluting Indoor Environmental
Quality in Buildings
1. The link to the 2013 codes changes to the NBC 2015 and NECB 2015 can be found archived at
http://web.archive.org/web/20140313004536/http://www.nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca/eng/public_revie
w/2013/proposed_changes.html
2. There were 13 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) PCFs. If you select most of these you will see a link
to the report in the rationale under general information. See for
example: http://web.archive.org/web/20140313015904/http://www.nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca/eng/p
ublic_review/2013/pcfs/necb11_divb_08.04.01.02._000581.php
Building Smarter – National Building and Energy Code References
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
Canadian Wood Council
Wood WORKS! Ontario
www.cwc.ca
www.wood-works.ca
1. Apply energy efficiency and environmental quality system solutions to all buildings.
2. Design for Energy Use Intensity (EUI) utilizing proposed Code, OAA and climate change objectives.
3. Codify/Adopt higher performance building skin solutions that reduce operating costs and provide low pollution indoor
environmental quality.
Canada Building Science Blog; http://blog.certainteed.com/category/building-science/canadian-codes/
Construction Canada Feature Article September 2015 “Five Ways of Protecting Mid-Rise Bones with Gypsum Board”
http://www.kenilworth.com/publications/cc/de/201312/files/42.html
Air Barrier System/IEQ Building Smarter Skins Action Steps