cutting sectin of a textile (partial version)

NOVEL HURRICANE KNIT GARMENTS & ARABI FASHION LIMITED

2010

Cutting Section

Art of giving shape

Md Abdur Rahman

BSc in Textile Eng. (Final year)

Pabna Textile Eng. College

Cell Phone No: +88 01717752523

E-mail: [email protected]

B O K R A N , M O N I P U R , G A Z I P U R - 1 7 0 0 , B A N G L A D E S H

This document is produced by Md. Abdur Rahman (BSc in Textile Eng.), e-mail: [email protected]

CUTTING SECTION Information collected, Research & Written by

Md Abdur Rahman BSc in Textile Engineering

Pabna Tex. Eng. College

Roll: 070038

Regi. Number: 4507

Session: 2006-07


Cutting Section

Novel Hurricane Knit Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited

Novel Hurricane Knit Garments and Arabi Fashion Limited are one of the leading

manufacturers & exporters of a wide range of knitted garments. These factories have

earned a good reputation in the market by manufacturing superior quality products in

various designs and in vibrant colors. These two high capacity garments manufacturing

plants can produce 18.70 million pieces knit apparels per annum with the help of

sophisticated machinery and trained manufacturing team.

The factories have three cutting sections at 1st, 2nd and 3rd floor. All the sections are

well equipped and able to cut the fabric according to buyer requirements. These

sections perform the following tasks.

Fabric Inspection.

Fabric Relaxation.

Different tests i.e. GSM test, Shrinkage test, Twisting, Fastness test, Fabric dia,

Shed, Consumption etc. for quality assurance.

Marker Making.

Fabric Spreading.

Cutting.

Sorting and Bundling.

Cut Panel Checking.

Input to the sewing.

The section completes its tasks with great cares and responsibilities to ensure highest

quality and quantity. The workers and officers of this section are very hard working,

energetic and efficient in their own work.

I observe this section for two days and felt very much pleased to learn about all of this

section. Now I am describing all in a brief.


Working Flow of Cutting Section

The Cutting section is running according to the following flow chart.

Finished fabric from dyeing & finishing

Fabric inspection

Relaxation

Test of GSM, dia, shed, shrinkage, twisting, fastness etc.

Test cutting

Approval

Marker making

Fabric spreading

Cutting

Sorting (Sticker, Numbering)

Bundling

Cut panel checking

Input section

Send to sewing section


All these tasks can be accomplished by classifying them into following main

processes.

Processes of cutting Section

Preparatory processes.

Marker Making.

Fabric Spreading.

Cutting.

Sorting and Bundling.

Cut Panel Checking.

Inputting.

After receiving the fabric from the dyeing and finishing section, there are some

processes to prepare the fabric for bulk production. All these processes combined can

be called preparatory processes.

When the fabric is ready for bulk production, then marker is made to reduce the fabric

wastage during cutting. According to the marker plan, the fabric is being spreaded on

cutting table and the marker is being replaced onto the fabric layer.

Then cutting process is performed. After cutting sorting and bundling is done. Then the

cut fabrics are taken to the cut panel check area for checking. After checking the fabric

is sent to the input section for inputting in sewing section.

Then according to the planning, the fabric is provided to the sewing section for further

processes.

Thus the responsibilities come to the end of cutting section.

Now, the details about the processes are discussed bellow.


PREPARATORY PROCESSES Information collected, Research & Written by



Roll: 070038

Regi. Number: 4507

Session: 2006-07


Preparatory Processes

Cutting Section of Novel Hurricane Knit Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited

After receiving the finished fabric from the dyeing and finishing section, there are some

processes to prepare the fabric for bulk production. All these processes combined can

be called preparatory processes. The preparatory processes are

Fabric inspection.

Fabric Relaxation.

Different tests i.e. GSM test, Shrinkage test, Twisting, Fastness test, Fabric dia,

Shed, Consumption etc. for quality assurance.

Test Cutting.

Approval.

Fabric Inspection

When the fabrics are received from the dyeing and finishing section, it needs to be

checked, because, faulty fabrics can be supplied from dyeing and finishing. But the

cutting section has to check it. Otherwise the end products will be faulty.

For this, the fabric is being inspected by the quality inspector of the cutting section.

They check the fabric fully and find out the faults. Then mark it so that, these faulty

portion of the fabric can be rejected during spreading and cutting. Then the fabric is

being stored for relaxation.

Fabric Relaxation

When the fabric comes from the dyeing and finishing, the fabric remains a slightly hot.

In dryer, stenter and compactor heat is applied on fabric. So moisture is removed from

the fabric and it is not in actual condition. But if we keep the fabric in normal

temperature and pressure for a certain time, the fabric absorbs moisture from the

atmosphere and regains its original nature. This process is called fabric relaxation.

Another cause of fabric relaxation is to maintain the dimensional stability of produced

garments. When the fabric is being processed in different finishing machines, it goes

under certain heat and pressure to give it proper shape. But when the heat and

pressure is being withdrawn, the shape may change. So, if the dimension is became

stabilized before cutting, no chance of strain in garments. So relaxation is very

necessary before cutting.


Relaxation Period

Fabric relaxation is performed for a certain period. This time is varied from fabric to

fabric. But the minimum time of relaxation is twelve (12) hours. This time also may vary

according to the buyer’s recommendation.

After fabric relaxation, different tests are performed for maintaining the proper quality.

Different Tests

Different tests are being performed here to ensure the buyer recommended quality.

Among the tests, the important test matters are GSM, dia, shed, shrinkage, twisting,

fastness etc. These tests are done to be sure about that the fabric quality is fare

enough for maintaining garments quality.

Test Cutting & Approval

After testing the fabric, if it is seemed that, the fabric quality is ok, and then test cutting

is done. Here a little amount of fabric is cut and sewed in sewing section. Then the

garments are compared with the approved sample. Sewing allowance and other

measurements are also observed.

If everything is ok, then the approval is given and the fabric is ready for bulk

production.


MARKER MAKING Information collected, Research & Written by



Roll: 070038

Regi. Number: 4507

Session: 2006-07


Marker Making

Cutting Section of Novel Hurricane Knit Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited

Introduction

For industrial garments preparation, marker making is a very important chapter for

highest usage of fabric and for lowest wastage of fabric. In Novel Hurricane Knit

Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited there is a strong team working for marker making in

cutting section of each floor.

This is a process which is performed to draw the pattern pieces on the fabric before

cutting. This may be done by drawing the pattern pieces on the fabric directly or by

drawing the pattern pieces on a thin marker paper and then placement the paper onto

the fabric lay. So, we can define the marker as bellow.

Marker is a thin paper which contains all necessary pattern pieces for all sizes for a

particular style of garments in such a way that, fabric wastage would be least. The

representation or drawing of the arrangement of identified garment pattern relevant to

the cutting of a batch material. The marker is placed on the material and provides

guideline for cutting. Marker may be on fabric or held in computer data files. Marker

width is equal to the minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern

sizes that will be drawn.

Preparations of Marker Making

Before the marker making, some preparatory processes would be followed. In Novel

Hurricane Knit Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited these processes are followed strictly.

The processes are discussed ago (In preparatory processes chapter). Without those,

some others preparations are

Marking Grain Line : Before marker making, the grain line of pattern and fabric

must be marked.

Fabric Measurement : Before marker planning, the fabric must be measured

carefully. Because, marker width is relevant to the minimum fabric width.

Fabric Faults : Fabric faults would be also under consideration. In a fabric

roll, where any faults found, that points must be avoided for quality production

and to least the fabric wastage.

Cutting Table : Marker planner should consider the cutting table length

before making marker. Marker length must be less than the cutting table length.


Constraints of Marker Making

During marker making, the work of the marker planner is subjected to a number of

constraints. These relate to

i. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment.

ii. The requirements of quality in cutting.

iii. The requirements of production planning.

The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment

Pattern alignment in relation to the grain of the fabric

Pattern pieces normally carry a grain line. When pattern pieces are laid down the piece

of cloth, the grain line should lie parallel to the line of the warp in a woven fabric or the

wales in a knitted fabric. Where pattern pieces are laid across the piece, the grain line

should lie parallel to the weft or course direction. If the marker planner lays down a

pattern outside the stated rules for grain lines, then the finished garment will not hang

and drape correctly when worn. This requirement to follow the grain lines restricts the

freedom of the marker planner in choosing how to lay the patterns in the marker.

Symmetry or Asymmetry

Many fabrics can be turned round (through 180⁰) and retain the same appearance are

called symmetrical. They require no special attention during marker making.

Asymmetrical fabrics are those which are turned (through 180⁰) and do not retain the

same appearance. Examples of such fabrics are pile which is brushed in one direction

and which show different reflection of light. The marker should be planned in such a

way that it is in accordance with symmetry, asymmetry of the fabric. All pattern pieces

of a garment should be along the same direction when laid down on a symmetrical

fabric.

Design characteristics of the finished garments

If a vertical stripe does not show a complete mirror image repeat, the right and left

sides of a garment may be mirror images of each other. In this case, a pattern should

be placed on checks in such a way that the design matches when sewing up. During

marker planning, a marker maker must have to think about matching the checks and

stripes in a garment. His freedom is restricted here. So I think it’s a constraints for a

marker maker.


The Requirements of Quality in Cutting

For majority of cutting situations where a knife blade is used, the placements of

the pattern pieces in the marker must give freedom of knife movement. A blade,

which has width, cannot turn a perfect right angle in the middle of pattern piece

and space must always be allowed for a knife to turn such corners. The amount

of space depends on the actual cutting method employed.

Pattern count check that the complete menu of pattern has been included.

Correct labeling of cut garments parts is essential to identify correctly the

garment parts for whole garment sizes. It is the responsibility of the marker

planner to code every pattern pieces with its sizes as the marker is planned.

The Requirements of Production Planning

When an order placed for a quantity of garments, normally specifies a quantity of each

size and colour. If the sewing room requires the cut work urgently, the marker may

make two markers.

Short marker and

Long marker.

For long marker, it can be made according to the size proportion and different

sizes. This process is very much efficient and takes more time and increased

shade variation.

For short marker and for the particular order two marker can be made, this

process is less efficient but takes less time and more production and small

cutting table.

For complex garments long markers generally offer more opportunities for

savings than do short ones.

The more sizes that included in a marker, the greater are the scope for fabric

savings.

Greater fabric savings and after lower total cost would normally result, from cutting a

stepped lay with paper markers on top.

However, though for greater efficiency, a marker maker needs opportunity to work with

freedom, but for maintaining proper quality some criteria must be followed. That is why

there are some constraints of marker making.


Methods of Marker Making

There are two methods of marker making.

i. Manual method.

ii. Computerized method.

In Novel Hurricane Knit Garments & Arabi Fashion Limited, manual method is used for

marker making. Here marker is produced in two ways.

Marker drawn directly on fabric lay.

Marker drawn on marker paper.

Marker drawn directly on fabric lay

This is the oldest and mostly used method for marker making. In this processes fabric is

spreaded on cutting table and setting up all pattern pieces directly on to the fabric.

Marking is done by chalk, pencil or pen. In order of this method, needs more time and

experience.

Marker drawn on marker paper

In this process marker is made on marker paper. All the pattern pieces are laid on a

thin marker paper and drawn it. Then the marker paper in placed on fabric lay and used

for fabric cutting. Before planning the marker, fabric length and width must be taken

under consideration.

Marker directly on fabric Marker on a thin paper


An analytical comment

In this factory, manual method is used for marker making. The advantages of

computerized method are given bellow comparing with the manual method.

Advantages

More suitable for large scale production than the manual method.

Marker efficiency is higher than manual.

Least wastage of fabric.

Low production cost.

Low labour cost.

If required, print out of the marker could be got.

Grading of the pattern could be done automatically.

Few time consumption.

Marker can be prepared quickly than manual.

Disadvantages

Initial investment is higher than manual.

More skilled operator is needed than manual.

I think everything has its positive and negative sides. But in comparison, the

advantages of computerized marker are more than the manual. It increases the

efficiency, workability and production of the factory. It saves valuable time and leasts

fabric wastage. Thus saves money too. Moreover it attracts buyers with its modern

facilities.

So, I think, it would be better to use computerized marker making system i.e. Computer

Aided Design (CAD) instead of manual method. So the factory can think about it.

Markers prepared with Computer Aided Design (CAD)

cutting sectin of a textile (partial version)

Documents