curriculum of ms in renewable energy re courses (14-7-2017).pdf · monthly average absorbed solar...

UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN QUETTA Department of Renewable Energy

1

Curriculum of MS in Renewable Energy

Effective for the Academic Session 2017 onward

Syllabus for M.S –Renewable Energy Session 2017 Onward Approved by Board of Studies held on June 7, 2017


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Programme: MS Renewable Energy

Total credit: 30 Hours

Duration: 2 years

[Theory course 24 credit hours + Laboratory work and Research thesis: 06 credit hours]

Number of semesters: 4

Number of weeks per semester: 16-18 (2 weeks for examinations)

Number of credit hours per semester (in course work): 12

NOTE:

Scholar will have to complete FIVE compulsory and THREE optional courses.

Laboratory work/Research thesis of 06-Credit hours has to be completed in second

academic years i.e., in 3rd

and 4th

semesters.

Scholar will submit thesis along with ONE Research Paper published or accepted in

recognize journal of HEC from their research work before the final defense.

Core Courses

Course

Code

Title of the Course Credit

Hours

RE-701 Renewable Energy Sources and Systems 3(3-0)

RE-702 Solar Thermal Energy 3(2-1)

RE-703 Wind Energy System 3(3-0)

RE-704 Research Methodology 3(3-0)

RE-705 Hydrogen Technologies and Fuel Cells 3(3-0)

Elective Course

Course

Code


Hours

RE-706 Hydro Power Plants 3(3-0)

RE-707 Renewable Energy Systems Modelling &

Simulation

3(2-1)

RE-708 Biofuels Engineering 3(2-1)

RE-709 Hybrid Power Systems 3(2-1)

RE-710 Geothermal Energy 3(2-1)

RE-711 Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution 3(2-1)

RE-712 Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer 3(2-1)

RE-713 Energy Economics and Management 3(2-1)

RE-714 Thin Films Technologies 3(2-1)

RE-715 Nuclear Energy and Power Reactor 3(2-1)

RE-716 Clean Energy Generation, Integration and Storage 3(2-1)

RE-717 Energy Management in Buildings 3(2-1)

RE-718 Marine Energy 3(2-1)

RE-719 Energy Efficient Building Systems and Global

Energy Issues

3(2-1)

RE-720 Energy Storage Systems 3(2-1)

RE-721 Environmental Impact Assessment 3(2-1)

RE-722 Instrumentation in Energy Systems 3(2-1)

RE-723 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 3(2-1)

RE-724 Power Electronics and Motor Drives 3(2-1)

RE-725 Strategic Environment Assessment 3(3-0)


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SCHEME OF STUDIES

First Semester

Course

Code


Hours



RE-703 Wind Energy System 3(3-0)

RE-704 Research methodology 2(2-0)

Total Credit hours 12

Second Semester

Course

Code


Hours


Elective Course-I 3(2-1)

Elective Course-II 3(2-1)

Elective Course-III 3(2-1)


Third Semester and Fourth Semester

Course

Code


Hours

Research and thesis writing 6 (0-6)



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OBJECTIVE On completion of this course, students would be able to understand various renewable energy

systems such as solar energy, hydropower, wind power, biomass energy, tidal energy,

geothermal, nuclear energy and photovoltaic in the global as well as national perspective.

CONTENTS

Energy scenario of Pakistan and the world: Promising renewable energy sources, their

potential availability and present status, existing technologies and availability Current and

Future trends in Energy, Energy crisis, Environmental hazards; Opportunities for renewable

energy utilization.

Solar energy resource: Sun-Earth relationship, geometry, sun path and solar irradiance, solar

spectrum. Solar constant, daily and seasonal variations, effects of tilt angle, Extraterrestrial,

global, direct, diffused radiation, hourly, monthly and annual mean, radiation on tilt surface,

measuring instruments, Flat plate collectors, their designs, heat transfer, absorption

transmission of sun energy, selective surfaces, performance, and efficiency of flat plate

collector, drying, desalination, concentrators, their design power generation, performance

and problems

Photovoltaic: PV effect, materials, solar cell working, efficiencies, different types of solar

cells, characteristics, (dark, under illumination), efficiency limiting factors, power spectral

response, fill factor, temperature effect; PV systems, components, modules, arrays,

controllers, inverters, storage, PV system sizing, performance and applications.

Wind characteristics and resources: wind speed, height and topographic effects, power

extraction for wind energy conversion, wind mills, their types, capacity, properties, wind

mills for water lifting and power generation, environmental effect. Fundamental principles,

basic parts and aerodynamics of wind turbines/ plants; Applications of wind power.

Hydropower: Global resources, and their assessment, classification, micro, mini, small and

large sources principles of energy conversion; their working and efficiency for micro to small

power systems, environmental impact.

Biomass energy resources: Biomass sources; residue, farms, forest. Solid wastes; agricultural,

industrial and municipal wastes etc; applications, traditional and nontraditional uses:

utilization, process, gasification, digester, types, energy forming, Environment issues.

Resources availability: digester their types, sizes, and working, gas production, efficiency;

environmental effects. Ocean energy: Tidal characteristics and resource, Tidal power generation; Wave energy

resource and conversion; Ocean thermal energy conversion.

Geothermal resources and power generation: Temperature variation in the earth, sites,

potentials, availability, extraction techniques, applications; water and space heating, power

generations, problems, environmental effects.

Hybrid energy systems: Solar system associated with wind, solar system associated with

small hydropower.

Economic analysis: Social and environmental aspects; Simulation of renewable energy

systems; Renewable energy legislation and regulations; Future of renewable energy.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Twidell, J. and T. Weir. 2000. Renewable Energy Resources, Taylor and Francis,

USA, 2nd Ed.

2. Manfred Grathwhol. World Energy Supply: Resources, Technologies and

Prospective, Walter deGruyter-Berlin (1982)

3. Quashing, V. 2000. Renewable Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Storage.

Earthscan, Bent Sorensen Academic Press, USA.

4. Uqaili, M.A. and K. Harijan. 2012. Energy, Environment and Sustainable

Development. Springer-Verlag.


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5. M Iqbal. An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press, Canada.(1983)

6. Simon Roberts, A Practical Guide to Solar Electricity, Prentice Hall (1991)

7. Martin A G. Solar cells: Operating Principles, Technology, & System Application,

Prentice Hall (1982)

8. T.J. Jansen. Solar Engineering Technology, Prentice Hall (1985)

9. Daniel H. Wind Power: A Book on Wing Energy Conversion System, Litton

Educational Press (1981)


OBJECTIVE

Students are introduced to different types of solar thermal systems and its design. Students

acquire sound knowledge of the transformation of solar energy into electricity to utilize these

systems for the commodities.

CONTENTS

Solar radiations: The Sun, Solar Resource, Geographic location of solar radiations, Time of

day, Season, Local landscape, Local weather, Solar resource assessment, extraterrestrial

radiation on horizontal surfaces, available solar radiation and total radiation on slopped

surfaces, diffuse and direct solar radiation, causes of diffuse radiations, global solar radiation,

Air mass, solar constant, units of solar radiation data.

Solar irradiation measuring instruments: solar charts, pyrheliometer, thermopile,

pyranometer, pyregeometer, net pyradiometer-sunshine recorder.

Heat transfer in solar systems: Natural convection between parallel flat-plates, heat transfer

relations for internal flow; radiation characteristics of opaque materials; radiation

transmission through covers and absorption by collector; transmittance-absorptance product,

monthly average absorbed solar radiation.

Flat-plate collectors: Collector overall heat loss coefficient, collector heat removal factor and

flow factor, mean fluid and plate temperature, heat capacity effects on flat-plate collectors,

Incidence angle modifier, thermal test data conversion; design of solar heating systems,

passive use of solar energy.

Concentrated collectors: Design of concentrated collectors, and performance analysis,

classification - concentrator mounting–Focusing solar concentrators- parabolic trough

concentrators, paraboloidal concentrators, Scheffler fixed focus concentrators, Heliostats.

Automatic tracking systems, energy storage, distillation still and solar cookers. Solar-based

Sterling Engine,

Economics of solar systems: Solar process economics, cost of solar process systems, life

cycle savings methods.

PRACTICAL

The practical work will be based on Theory Work.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Duffie, J. A. and W.A. Beckman. 2013. Solar engineering of thermal processes,

John Wiley and Sons, New York USA. 4th Ed.

2. Kaltschmitt, M., W. Streicher. and W. Andreas. 2007. Renewable Energy:

Technology, Economics and Environment, Springer Publishers, New York. USA.

1st Ed.

3. Goswami, D.Y., F. Kreith. and J.F. Kreider. 2000. Principles of Solar Engineering,

Taylor & Francis, India. 2nd Ed.

4. Anderson, E.E. 1983. Fundamentals for solar energy conversion. Addison Wesley

Publ. Co.M Iqbal. An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press,

Canada.(1983)

5. Simon Roberts, A Practical Guide to Solar Electricity, Prentice Hall (1991)


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6. Martin A G. Solar cells: Operating Principles, Technology, & System Application,

Prentice Hall (1982)

RE-703 Wind Energy Engineering 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE

The study of this course will enable the students to understand various wind technologies for

the electricity production. It makes the students to understand and design different types of

wind turbines for power generation.

CONTENTS

General characteristics of wind resources: wind data analysis and resource estimation, wind

turbine energy production estimation methods, Wind measurement and instrumentation.

Principle wind turbine, components and their functions: Spacing of the Towers. Horizontal

Axis Versus Vertical Axis wind turbines. One-dimensional Momentum Theory 74 and the

Betz Limit. Wake Rotation in HAWT.

Aerodynamic of horizontal axis wind turbine: Airfoil Aerodynamics, flow over an Airfoil,

Airfoil Behavior, Airfoil Flow Regime, Airfoil for Lift and Drag Machines. Blade design,

Momentum and Blade Element Theory, Stresses due to Blade Weight and centrifugal force,

Blade Natural Frequencies. Blade Shape for Ideal Rotor. Rotor design: Basic Rotor

Parameters, Blade Shape, Rotor Performance. Aerodynamic Control Options, Power Curve

Prediction. Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines-Single Stream Tube Analysis,

Multiple Stream Tube Momentum Theory, Aerodynamics of the Darrieus and Savonius

Rotor. Environmental aspects of wind turbines: Environmental risks associated with wind

energy

PRACTICAL The practical work will be based on Theory Work.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Manwell, J.F., J.G. McGowan. And A.L. Rogers. 2009. Wind Energy Explained,

Theory, design and application, John. Wiley and Sons, U.K. 3rd

Ed.

2. Tong, W. 2010. Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design, WIT Press,

USA, 1st Ed.

3. Rao, S. and B.B. Parulekar. 2005. Energy Technology, Khanna Publishers. India, 4th

Ed.

4. Patel, M.R. 2014. Wind and Solar Power Systems, Taylor & Francis, 2nd

Ed.

5. Freris, L. 1990. Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Prentice Hall.

6. Spera, D.A. 2013. Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental concepts of Wind

Turbine, Engineering, ASME Press, USA, 2nd

Ed.

RM-704 Research Methodology 2(2-0)

OBJECTIVES

This course will give the students an insight into the basic principles of scientific research.

Students will further be sensitized with the methods, techniques and other relevant concept

CONTENT

Introduction: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research

Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology, Importance

of Knowing How Research is Done, Literature surveys, Research Process, Defining the

Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? (Selecting the Problem, Necessity of

Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem), Research Design,

Categories of research: Differences between Quantitative and qualitative research, Research

design for quantitative research, Identifying the research problem, Formulating the problem

statement, Reviewing the literature, Theoretical framework, Formulating research questions,

Formulating hypothesis, Conceptualization and operationalization of variables Identifying the

methodology, Sampling techniques, Collection of data, Tabulation and interpretation of data,

Quantitative measurement.


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Writing Academic Papers: Significance of Report Writing, Different Steps in Writing Report,

Layout of the Research Report, Mechanics of Writing a Research Report, Writing and

presentation of scientific papers, plagiarism, what is plagiarism and how to avoid it, contents

and referencing writing papers, Computers and Researcher

Application of Statistical Concepts: Graphs, numerical summaries, normal distribution,

regression analysis and correlation, Sample Designs and their Types, Methods of Data

Collection, Collection of Primary Data, Observation Method, Interview Method, Collection

of Data through Questionnaires, Collection of Secondary Data, Processing and Analysis of

Data, Sampling Fundamentals, probability, statistical inference for one or two samples,

hypothesis tests, Chi square tests, conceptual understanding application of statistics,

advanced theory, derivatives of quantitative statistics, descriptive statistics, confidence

intervals, variance, standard deviations, curve fitting, Least squares method etc.

BOOKS RECOMENDED:

1. C. R. Rathori, Research Methodology and Techniques, Cambridge University

Press, 2001

2. Ranjit Kumar, Resarch Methodology: A step by step Guide for Beginners,

Addison Wisely, 1996

3. Alan Agrest, An application to Categorical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,

1996

4. R. B. Burns, Introduction to Research Methods, McGraw Hill, 2000

5. C. H. Hart, Doing A Literature Review, Cambridge University Press, 1996


OBJECTIVE

To impart knowledge to the students regarding the importance, production and utilization of

hydrogen energy.

CONTENTS Overview of the hydrogen economy: Hydrogen production technologies; Principles and

operation of hydrogen production systems; Hydrogen production from fossil fuels, nuclear

energy; renewable energy; Estimation of hydrogen energy potential. Economics of hydrogen:

Hydrogen end-uses; Transportation, distribution and storage of hydrogen; Social and

environmental aspects; Design and sizing of hydrogen systems; Future of hydrogen energy.

Principles and operation of various types of fuel cells: Configuration of individual cells, stack

and fuel cell system. Thermodynamics of fuel cells: Introduction to electrochemical kinetics;

Transport-related phenomena and conservation equations for reacting multi-component

systems; Fuel cell system design: Optimization and economics; Fuel cell performance

simulation; Applications of fuel cells: Social and environmental aspects; Challenges of fuel

cell commercialization: Challenges of fuel cell commercialization Future of fuel cells


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Sorenson, B. 2011. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells-Emerging Technologies and

Applications, Elsevier Publishers Ltd, USA. Kindle Ed.

2. Stolten, D. and B. Emonts. 2012. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Fundamentals,

Technologies and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1st Ed.

3. Sperling, D. and J.S. Cannon. 2004. The Hydrogen Energy Transition-Moving

Towards the Post Petroleum Age in Transportation, Elsevier Academic Press,

USA. 1st Ed.


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RE-706 Hydro Power Plants 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE

To develop in the students the capability to understand, design, develop and implement

hydro-power plants.

CONTENTS

General Introduction: hydropower potential, concept of modern hydro power plant, location

/site selection, plant layout, power plant safety reservoir, dams & tunnels etc.

Constructional details and basic principles of hydro-mechanical equipment, hydrology &

hydro electric power plants, hydrographs – flow duration curve – mass curve & storage. Site

selection for hydroelectric power plants. Design construction & operation of hydro-electric

power plants- components-advantages & disadvantage of under-ground power station, turbine

and auxiliaries, construction and working principles of various types of valves and pumps and

hydraulic system. Construction and working principles of alternators and excitation systems,

transformers, motors, switchgears. Operation, control and supervision of hydro power plant.

Instrumentation & control (including DAS & DDC) and protection system. Erection,

commissioning and testing aspects of hydro power plant.

Micro-hydro power: introduction, present situation, future potential and prospects,

constraints, flow measurement, working principles of different types of turbines, details of

the components of a micro-hydel power system, turbine selection criteria, site selection and

feasibility study.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Black and Veatch. 1995. Power Plant Engineering, 1st Ed. Springer Publishers.

2. Rao, S. and B.B. Parulekar. 1995. Energy Technology, 3rd

Ed. Khanna Publisher,

India.

RE-707 Renewable Energy Systems Modelling & Simulation

3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE

Students are introduced to the modeling and simulation based renewable energy systems to

study feasibility and pre-feasibility study of various renewable energy systems.

CONTENTS Introduction to energy systems modeling and simulation: Importance of modeling and

simulation in energy systems, modeling overview, steps in model development; Nature of

energy systems models and analysis: Response of Energy Systems and their Analysis

Quantitative techniques: Interpolation, polynomial, Lagrangian, Curve fitting, Regression

analysis, Solution of transcendental equations. Systems simulation: information flow

diagram, Optimization, objectives/constraints, problem formulation;

Linear programming: simplex tableau, pivoting, sensitivity analysis, Dynamic programming,

Search techniques- univariate/multivariate; Dealing with uncertainty - probabilistic

techniques; Pinch analysis. Energy-economy models: Scenario generation, Input-Output

Models, Numerical solution of differential equations, Transit analysis, Analytics of System

Data. Modeling of electrical machines/loads: Modeling of the grid synchronization and

modulation techniques, Smart Grid modeling. Energy Modeling Tools.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Severance, F.L. 2001. System Modeling and Simulation-An Introduction, John

Wiley and Sons, 1st Ed.

2. Cha, P.D., J.J. Rosenberg. and C.L. Dym. 2000. Fundamentals of Modeling and

Analyzing Engineering Systems, Cambridge University Press, UK, 1st Ed.


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3. Law, A.M. and W.D. Kelton. 2014. Simulation Modeling and Analysis,

McGraw-Hill Education, 5th Ed.

4. Ferrarini, L and C. Veber. 2009. Modeling, Control, Simulation and Diagnosis

of Complex Industrial and Energy Systems. International Society of

Automation, USA.

RE-708 Biofuels Engineering 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To impart sound knowledge in bio-fuels feed stock, production and processing.

CONTENTS

Block flow/ process flow instrumentations: Process Machinery-pumps, valves, heat

exchangers, cooling towers, centrifuges, compressors, thermal oxidizers, distillation towers,

compressors, refrigeration principles and boiler systems. Startup, shutdown, operation and

troubleshooting.

Instrumentation and control: P& ID terminologies with applied applications, sequence of

operation, including residence time, pressures, and temperature seen in various stages of

production. Complete design calculations for equilibrium staged separation processes (e.g.

distillation, absorption, solvent extraction). Mass transfer fundamentals.

Biodiesel technologies and regulatory issues: Investigates the underlying research and

reaction processes that are used to produce biodiesel. Studying feedstock options coupled

with past and present technologies provides foundational knowledge about the industry. In-

depth review of the ASTM Standards for biodiesel and the regularity issues.

Biodiesel processes analysis: Overall process of biodiesel production, review of biodiesel

chemistry, process engineering, post reaction processing, fuel specification and properties.

Reaction kinetics and reactor design: Kinetic data, determination of rate laws, analysis of

complex reaction networks and design of ideal isothermal reactors. Analyze data for

heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Design reactor systems for given synthesis with special

emphasis on trans-esterification and bio-fermentation feedstock preparation, treatment and

recovery of side streams, fuel transportation storage and general plant operations.

Ethanol process and separation technology: Fundamentals process of ethanol production. A

process flow Diagram (PFD) of a typical ethanol plant, operation, including residence time,

pressures, and the temperatures, Rationale for feedstock and additives used in ethanol

processing as well as product and co-product production and use, basic principles of ethanol

distillation, evaporation, and dehydration, operating components in a distillation system.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Dramcho, C.M., N.P. Nhuan. and T.H. Walker. 2008. Biofuels Engineering

Process Technology. McGrw Hill, United States.

2. Sila, H. 2003. Chemical Process Engineering Design and Economics. CRC

Press, USA.

3. Eugene, A., T. Baumiester. And A. Sadegh. 2006. Standard Hand book for

mechanical Engineering, McGraw Hill Education, 11th

Ed.

4. Pimentel, D. 2008. Biofuels, Solar, and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems,

Springer Verlag, 1st Ed.

5. Drapcho, C.M., N.P. Nhuan. and T.H. Walker. 2008. Biofuels Engineering

Process Technology, MC Graw Hill, New York USA.

6. Hiller, E.A. and B.A. Stout. 1985. Biomass Energy: A Monograph, Texas A&M

University Press, College Station, Texas. USA, 1st Ed.

7. Mehla, S.K. 2008. Biofuels: Marketing Strategies and Impact on Rural

Development. Aavishkar Publishers, and Distributers, Jaipur. India.


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RE-709 Hybrid Power Systems 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE

To impart the sound knowledge regarding innovative technologies related to hybrid power of

automobiles.

CONTENTS

History of electric vehicles: Electrochemical Power Sources, Electric Vehicle Debate,

Primary Energy Sources and Alternative Fuels for Transportation, Secondary batteries and

fuel cells: Sources- Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries –Lead Acid, Nickel – Iron, Nickel – Zinc,

Metal –Air Zinc-Halogen Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries- High Temperature Batteries,

Oregano Electrolyte and Solid State Batteries. Overview of Performances of Candidate

Secondary Battery Systems, Fuel cells: Acid Systems, Direct Methanol / Air Systems,

Alkaline Systems-Overview of Performances of candidate Fuel Cell Systems, SOFC-

Emerging areas in Fuel Cells Fuel cell outlook, Sources, comments, & revision history,

Industrial and commercial applications: Battery/Fuel cell/ Internal Combustion Engine

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Laboratory Test of Electric Vehicle Batteries, Vehicle tests with

Electric Vehicle Batteries, Future of electric vehicles: Emerging trends in batteries.

Specifications - Storage cell definitions & specifications, Carbon-zinc & alkaline cells,

Battery storage: Cell Technologies-Storage cell fundamentals- Characteristics, solar based

electric vehicles, design principles of electronic control of hybrid vehicles.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. McNicol, B.D. and D.A.J. Rand. 1998. Power Sources for Electric Vehicles.

Elsevier Publications USA.

2. John, V. 1990. Lithium Batteries for Hybrid Cars. Spectrum Publishers.

3. David, L. and Thomas. 2002. Hand Book of Batteries and Fuel cells, McGraw

Hill Book Company, NY.USA. 3rd

Ed.

4. Viswanathan, B., M.Aullice. and Scibioh. 2008. Fuel Cells, Principles and

Applications. CRC Press, USA.

5. Nick, Y. 2006. The Essential Hybrid Car Handbook: A Buyer's Guide, The

Lyons Press, NY. USA, 1st Ed.

RE-710 Geothermal Energy 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To develop in the students the capability to understand, design, develop and implement the

electricity production from Geothermal sources.

CONTENTS

Geothermal energy: Introduction and Classification, Reactions and Configurations,

Characterization of Geothermal resource types, high grade, mid-grade, low grade, Natural

hydrothermal Systems, nature of fields, Geo pressured systems, Classification of Geothermal

Resources, Introduction to geothermal steam electric plants,

Liquid dominated system: Flashed Steam System, Total Flow Concept, Geothermal

exploration Fuel Cell

Geothermal resource size and distribution: Overall framework and terminology, resource

base, accessible resource base, resource and reserve, quality issues, resource base and reserve

estimates.

Practical operation and equipment for recovering energy: Drilling and field development,

reservoir fluid production, non-electric direct heat utilization, direct heat applications.

Geothermal heat pumps, Electric power generation: system options, working fluid selection,

engineering design criteria, heat exchange and prime over fluid production, turbines, Pumps,

condensers and heat rejecters, power cycle performance.


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Sustainability attributes: Reservoir life time issues, Environmental impacts, dispatch able heat

and power delivery, sustainability for developing countries.

Status of geothermal energy today: Hydrothermal, international geothermal power industry,

advanced systems, geo pressured magma.

PRACTICAL: The practical work will be based on Theory Work.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Pimental, D. and R. DiPippo. 2008. Geothermal Power Plants, Elsevier. USA.

2nd

Ed.

2. Gupta, H. and S. Roy. 2007. Geothermal Energy – An Alternative Resource

for the 21st Century, Elsevier, USA. 1st Ed.

3. Tabak, J. 2009. Solar and Geothermal Energy, Facts on File, 1st Ed.

RE-711 Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To develop in the students the capability to understand the basics of electrical power

transmission and distribution to the load centers.

CONTENTS

Introduction to transmission systems: Transmission system planning, Complex power in

balanced three phase transmission lines. Power flow in transmission lines.

Performance analysis of transmission system: Transmission line constants, bundled

conductors, Parallel lines, Steady state power limit and voltage regulation in Short

transmission lines. Medium transmission line, A, B, C & D constants. Nominal and nominal

T circuits. Analysis of Long transmission lines, Line and load compensation, series and shunt

compensation. Environmental effects of overhead lines.

Underground cables: Types of underground cables, Cable installation techniques, Electric

stress, dielectric constant, charging current, insulation resistance, skin effect and proximity

effect, current carrying capacity of cables.

Distribution systems: Distribution System Planning, Importance of distribution system

planning, load forecasting. Factors affecting distribution system planning, planning methods,

computer applications, distribution automation and control, Distribution system in Pakistan,

Planning constraints in Pakistan

Distribution substation: Distribution substation, Substation bus schemes. Rating of

Distribution substation, limitation of service area. Square and hexagonal service area.

Distribution transformer, distribution transformer efficiency, parallel operation of

transformers, vector groups

Design considerations for primary and secondary distribution systems: Primary distribution

feeders, Primary feeder voltage level and loading, Design considerations for Radial feeders,

Economic design of secondary lines, voltage fluctuation. Voltage regulation, Distribution

system voltage control, line drop compensator.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Gonen, T. 2014. Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering, x CRC Press,

USA. 1st Ed.

2. Grainger, J.J. and W.D. Stevenson. 2010. Power System analysis. McGraw-Hill

Scieence/ Engineering/Math.

3. Stevenson, W.D. 1982. Elements of Power System, McGraw Hill Higher Education,

4th

Ed.


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RE-712 Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE After studying the course, student should understand advanced heat and fluid flow processes

and their role in modern methods of power generation; in-depth understanding of numerical

and experimental techniques in heat and fluid flow

CONTENTS Fluid mechanics: Fluid properties, Fluid classification, Kinematics and Dynamics of fluid,

fundamental techniques of computational fluid dynamics, Navier-Stokes equations for

viscous flow, Mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, Boundary layer and

Potential flow, Laminar and turbulent Boundary layers, NS equation applied to Boundary

layer and potential flow, Numerical solutions and convergence criteria, Grid generation,

discretization methods, turbulence modeling.

Heat transfer: Specific heat, work and heat transfer, Heat conduction, heat exchangers, steady

and unsteady heat conduction, convection, convection heat transfer co-efficient, free and

forced convection, radiation properties (Absorptance, Transmittance and Reflectance), black

body radiation, shape factor and view factors, solar radiation.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Versteeg, H.K. and W. Malalasekera. 2007. An Introduction to Computational

Fluid Dynamics, Prentice Hall, 2nd Ed.

2. Graebel, W.P. 2007. Advanced Fluid Mechanics, Academic Press.

3. Patanker, S.V. 1980. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, CRC Press.

RE-713 Energy Economics and Management 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding the energy economics,

different energy management strategies and their benefits.

CONTENTS Energy and resource economics: Economic theories and management of energy resources,

Evaluation of external effects of energy use; Modeling energy and resource use; Using

energy mix in devising sustainable development strategies and plans, econometric models.

Energy Challenges.

Pricing and macro economy concepts: Energy pricing, Measures to reduce energy import bill,

Role of energy resources in economic development, analyze the impact on different

economies.

Energy tariffs: Taxation and Subsidies, Types of tariffs, current tariff system, Taxation and

Subsidies, need for comprehensive reforms for pricing system, Energy contracts, levelized

cost of electricity, energy audits, asset management.

The economics of climate change: Energy and Climate Change, Clean Development

Mechanism Estimation of damage costs from climate change; evaluation of climate change

mitigation options; problems of international cooperation on climate change policy;

distributional implications of climate change and climate change policy.

Energy management: Project management, Demand side management; Electrical Systems

load scheduling/shifting, Energy modeling and forecasting; Financing energy conservation

programs.

Energy markets and policy: The function of the major markets for energy: oil, coal, natural

gas, electricity, and alternative/renewable energy in a national and international context;

Deregulation of Energy Markets, the technological structure and parameters of energy supply

and use; forecasting supply or demand for energy. Energy Independence and sovereignty,

Energy Policies, Privatization, Energy sector regulation, OGRA, NEPRA etc.


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BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Chakrbati, A. 2011. Energy Engineering and Management, Kindle Ed. PHI

publishers, India.

2. Turner, W.C. and S. Doty. 2012. Energy Management Handbook, Fairmont

Press, 8th

Ed.

3. Bhattacharyya, S.C. 2011. Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and

Governance. Springer Verlag.

4. Trivedi, P.R. and K.R. Jolka. Energy Management. Commonwealth Publication.

5. Witte, L.C., P.S. Schmidt, and D.R. Brown. 1988. Industrial Energy

Management and Utilization, Hemisphere Publ, Washington USA. 1st Ed.

RE-714 Thin Films Technologies 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding thin films and Nano

technology.

CONTENTS Introduction: Thin film definition. Crystalline and amorphous films, fundamentals of thin

film preparation and characterization, Deposition of thin films: Choosing a deposition

method. Classification of Deposition Technologies, Thin-film nucleation and growth.

Preparation of Thin-films: Kinetic aspects of Gases in a vacuum chamber, Classifications of

vacuum ranges Production of vacuum, Pressure measurement in vacuum systems, Physical

vapour deposition, , Sputtering (RF & DC), Pulsed Laser deposition, Liquid Phase Epitaxy,

Vapour Phase Epitaxy, Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Film growth and measurement of thickness

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of thin film formation, Film growth, five stages, In

corporation of defects and impurities in films, Deposition parameters and grain size, structure

of thin films

Thermal vacuum evaporation: Evaporation Techniques, Apparatus, Applications, Magnetron

sputtering, Chemical methods. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Electrochemical and

electroless methods, Thin film applications in nanoelectronics: optoelectronic devices,

photodetectors, solar cells, sensors and actuators), nanotechnologies.

Characterization techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM, Photoluminescence(PL),

Raman Sepectroscopy, UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer, AFM, Hall effect, SIMS, X-ray

Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS), Vibrational Sample Magnetometers, Rutherford Back

Scattering (RBS).


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Peter M. Martin, Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and

Coatings, Science, Applications and Technology, Elsevier, Amsterdam-Boston,

2010, 3rd Edi.

2. William A. Goddard, III, Donald W. Brenner, Sergey E. Lyshevsky, Gerald J.

Iafrate (Eds.), Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, CRC

Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, 2007.

3. I. Spînulescu, Thin Film Physics and Applications, Scientific Publishing House,

Bucharest, 1975 (in Romanian).

4. K.L.Chopra. Thin film phenomena, Mc-Graw Hill Book company, New york,

Latest edition

5. LudminlaEckertova. Physics of thin films, Plenum press, New york, Latest edition


14

6. A. Goswami. Thin film fundamentals, New age international (P) Ltd. Publishers,

New Delhi, Latest edition

RE-715 Nuclear Energy and Power Reactors 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE

To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding the production of electricity

from nuclear energy.

CONTENTS Role and importance of nuclear energy: Particle wavelength, Excited states and radiation,

Nuclear stability and radioactive decay, Nuclear reaction, Binding energy, Radioactive decay,

Interaction of radiation with matter: Neutron interaction, Cross-sections, Neutron attenuation,

Neutron flux, Neutron cross-section data, Energy loss in scattering collision, Fission, γ-ray

interaction with matter

Nuclear reactor: Fission chain reaction, Nuclear reactor fuel, Nuclear power plants Nuclear

Reactor systems and components: Steam generator, Pressurizer, Steam supply system,

Reactor Containment, Turbine, Cooling Tower; Nuclear reactor theory: Neutron flux, Fick’s

law, Equation of continuity, Diffusion equation, heat Removal from reactor, Heat generation

in reactors, Conduction, Convention, Two Phase Flow, Boiling Heat transfer, Nuclear energy

safety and associated risks: Nuclear reactor safety, Reliability, Risk, Safety.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Lamarsh, J.R. and A.J. Baratta. 2001. Introduction to Nuclear Engineering.

Prentice Hall, 3rd

Ed.

2. Lewis, E.E. 2008. Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics. Academic Press.

USA. 1st Ed.

3. Murray, R.L. 2009. Nuclear Energy: An introduction to the concepts, systems

and applications of nuclear processes. Elsevier Inc. 6th

Ed.

4. Knief, R.A. 2008. Nuclear Engineering Theory and Technology of

Commercial Nuclear Power. American Nuclear Society. USA. 2nd

Ed.

RE-716 Clean Energy Generation, Integration and Storage 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding Clean energy generation from

various renewable energy sources, their integration with grid station and storage.

CONTENTS Introduction to clean energy sources: Defining clean energy, Generation of clean energy,

methods, characterizations, feasibility studies, applications.

Operation of the electric grid: Operation, basic electric grid attributes, demand, base demand,

peck demand, average demand, maximum demand, monitoring of electric grid systems.

Renewable energy grid integration: wind turbine integrations with grid, types of wind turbine

associated with grid station, PV integrations with grid and their types, Nuclear integration

and hydropower integration.

Storage, transmission and distribution of electricity: Energy Storage Technologies and

Applications High voltage direct current HVDC, storage of electricity in DC, challenges of

transmission of voltage, locations.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Paul Denholm, Erik Ela, Brendan Kirby, and Michael Milligan-The Role of

Energy Storage with Renewable Electricity Generation


15

2. IEC, Grid integration of large-capacity Renewable Energy sources and use of

large-capacity Electrical Energy Storage

RE-717 Energy Management in Buildings 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding Energy systems for buildings

and methods for energy management in buildings.

CONTENTS Introduction to energy systems for buildings: Energy Analysis for buildings, Energy Efficient

Buildings, Building Energy Technologies, Nearly Zero Energy Buildings, Smart Buildings,

and Low Energy Ventilation. Energy management in buildings: Building demand-side energy

management. Building supply-side energy management, building energy control systems,

Microgrid control and optimization, Energy storage and load shifting

Building modelling and simulation: overall approach, uncertainty, multi objective

optimization, calibration, Solution for energy buildings: passive solutions for heating,

cooling, lighting and ventilation both regarding the envelope and the whole building,

Renewable energy strategies and policies

PRACTICAL

The practical work will be based on Theory Work.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Brian Norton, Harnessing Solar Heat 11 October 2013

2. Andrzej Ziębik and Krzysztof Hoinka, Energy Systems of Complex Buildings,

12 October 2012

3. Peter Gevorkian, Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design (Green Source

Books), 1 January 2009.

4. Ursula Eicker, 2001, Solar Technologies for Buildings, 1st Ed, University of

Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany

RE-718 Marine Energy 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding electricity production from

wave and tidal energy sources.

CONTENTS Energy from tides: overview, types of tools use to produce electricity from tides. Energy from

wave: Resource Potential, Wave Energy, Tide Rise and Fall, Tidal Currents, Ocean Currents,

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Salinity Gradient, Technology and Applications,

Oscillating Water Columns, Oscillating-Body Systems, Overtopping Devices Power Take-off

Devices Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Reversed, Electro Dialysis Pressure Retarded

Osmosis, mathematical equations, types of tools use to produce electricity from wave. Energy

from wind resources: wind data analysis and resource estimation, wind turbine energy

production estimation methods, Wind measurement and instrumentation. Energy from

temperature differences: overview, performance limits, ocean thermal energy conversion

(OTEC), OTEC technology, Open cycle and close cycle ocean thermal energy conversion

plants. Economic prospects of tide, wave and otec: capital cost estimations, feasibility

studies, payback, environmental and sustainability considerations. Global and Regional

Status of Markets and Industry Developmen, Prospects for Technology Improvement,

Innovation and Integration, Near-term Forecasts, Long-term Deployment in the Context of

Carbon Mitigation, Resource Potential, Integration and transmission, Social and

Environmental Impacts


16


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options

2. Paul A. Lynn, Electricity from Wave and Tide: An Introduction to Marine

Energy, 1 January 2013

RE-719 Energy Efficient Building Systems and Global Energy Issues 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding Clean energy generation from

various renewable energy sources, their integration with grid station and storage.

CONTENTS Introduction to energy systems for buildings: Energy Analysis for buildings, Energy Efficient

Buildings, Building Energy Technologies, Nearly Zero Energy Buildings, Smart Buildings,

and Low Energy Ventilation.

Energy management in buildings: Solar Architecture and Net Zero Energy Buildings,

building demand-side energy management, Building supply-side energy management,

building energy control systems, Microgrid control and optimization, Energy storage and

load shifting, Solar thermal systems: Domestic Hot Water, Space Heating and Cooling,

Building modelling and simulation: overall approach, uncertainty, multi objective

optimization, calibration, Solution for energy buildings: passive solutions for heating,

cooling, lighting and ventilation both regarding the envelope and the whole building, Current

energy scenarios world and Pakistan


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Brian Norton Harnessing Solar Heat 11 October 2013

2. Andrzej Ziębik and Krzysztof Hoinka, Energy Systems of Complex Buildings, 12

October 2012

3. Peter Gevorkian, Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design (Green Source

Books), 1 January 2009.

4. Ursula Eicker, 2001, Solar Technologies for Buildings, 1st Ed, University of

Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany

RE-720 Energy Storage Systems 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding energy storage technologies.

CONTENTS Introduction to energy storage: basic definitions, examples, types of energy storage, General

energy storage concepts, working principles of all types of commercially-available energy

storage systems, ranging from utility-scale systems (e.g. pumped hydro) to personal

equipment systems (e.g. Li-ion batteries). Electrochemical energy storage: Batteries, Fuel

Cells, Ultra-Capacitors, Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage, Mobile vs. Fixed

Energy Storage. Types of mechanical energy storage: Pumped Hydro, Compressed Gas,

Flywheel, Thermal, Gravitational potential energy storage with solid masses.

Economics of energy storage: relative costs and sustainability of each technology, advantages

and disadvantages of different energy storage systems applied in a practical situation, Social

Aspects of storage systems.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED


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1. Robert A. Huggins Energy Storage, 2010

2. Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: Photochemical Modes, 2015

3. R. Parameshwaran and S. Kalaiselvam, Thermal Energy Storage Technologies for

Sustainability, 2014.

RE-721 Environmental Impact Assessment 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To provide implementable knowledge to the students regarding environmental impact

assessment of energy systems.

CONTENTS Introduction to environmental impact assessment: Environmental impact assessment of

energy projects; Environmental management, Environmental health and safety: Legal and

economic tools for energy/environmental policies including international agreements and

programs as well as economic mechanism. Tool for sustainable development: Introduction:

EIA as a Tool for Sustainable Development, Process and Framework for EIA, Guidelines and

Legal Aspects, Environmental Settings, Methodologies of EIA, Assessing Regional and

Sectoral Level Impacts,

Computational modelling: GIS Applications, Knowledge Based Expert Systems and Soft

Computing Applications, Environmental Management Plan, Challenges in Preparation of

EIA Reports, Case Studies of Engineering Projects, Future of EIA in Pakistan: Status,

Problems and Remedial Actions


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Trivedi, P.R. 2004. Environmental Impact Assessment, APH Publishing

Corporation New Delhi, India, 1st Ed.

2. Petts, J. and W. Christopher. 1999. Environmental Impact Assessment: Impacts

and Limitations, Wiley Blackwell, UK, 1st Ed.

3. Morris and Peter. 2009. Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment, Routledge

London, UK, 3rd

Ed.

RE-722 Instrumentation in Energy Systems 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE This course will give acquaintance to the students about the use of instruments, data-logging

for the performance evaluation of different energy systems.

CONTENTS Measurements and errors: Measurement Errors - Materials, radiant storage- Transducer

classification: Static and dynamic characteristics of transducers, Transient analysis of a

control system. Temperature Measurement - Bimaterials, Pressure thermometers,

Thermocouples, RTD, Thermisters, and Pyrometry, pyrometers- Calibration of Pressure

measuring equipment. Flow Measurement- Variable head flow meters- Rota meters,

Electromagnetic flow meters, Hot wire anemometers, Hot film transducers, Ultrasonic flow

meters.

Air pollution and miscellaneous measurements: Particulate sampling techniques, SO2,

Combustion Products, Opacity, odor measurements - Measurement of liquid level, Humidity,

O2, CO2 in flue gases- pH measurement Moving Iron/coil, Energy measurement: power

factor meter-Analog signal conditioning, Amplifiers, Instrumentation amplifier, A/D and D/A

converters, Digital data processing and Data acquisition system.



18

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Sawhney, A.K. and P. Sawney. 2002. A course in Mechanical Measurements and

Instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai & company, India, 1st Ed.

2. Bechwith., Marangoni. And Lienhard. 2000. Mechanical Measurements, Addison

Wesley, USA, 5th

Ed.

3. Holman, J.P. 1994. Experimental methods for engineers, McGraw-Hill Company,

6th

Ed.

RE-723 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To learn about solar photovoltaic system components, types, design and performance

measurement.

CONTENTS Photovoltaic: an introduction and Brief history, The physics behind the technology, the

devices and practical applications, Photovoltaic cells: semiconductor physics, Silicon

crystalline structure: Mono-crystalline photovoltaic cells/panels, Poly-crystalline photovoltaic

cells, Emitter wrap-though cells, Silicon crystalline investment, solar cell structures, their

principle of operation, design and fabrication. Thin film technology: Amorphous silicon,

Amorphous-Si, double or triple junctions, Tandem amorphous-Si and multi-crystalline-Si.

Cadmium telluride orcadmium sulphide/cadmium telluride, Copper indium diselenide or

copper indium gallium diselenide, Compound semiconductor: Space PV cells, Light

absorbing dyes, Organic, Nanotechnology for PV cell production: Carbon nanotubes,

Quantum dots, Hot carrier solar cell, Photovoltaic systems: including power converters and

energy storage, residential grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Solar PV system attributes:

Solar PV system components, types and characteristics, Solar cells type, characteristics and

configurations, solar charge controllers, types, characteristics, solar inverters type and

characteristics’, Solar cables, solar mounting system, Solar PV system types: Solar PV off

grid, hybrid and on grid systems. PV power plant installations, Solar photovoltaic

applications, solar system performance measurement and monitoring, solar system operation

and maintenance.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Duffie, J.A. and W.A. Beckman. 2010. Solar Thermal Engineering, Wiley and

Sons. USA. 4th Ed.

2. Kreith, F. and J.F. Kreider. 1978. Principles of Solar Engineering, McGraw-Hill,

New York, 2nd Ed.

3. Kalodirou, S.A. Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems.

4. Wenham, S.R., M.A. Green., M.E. Watt. And R. Corkish. 2007. Applied

Photovoltaics, Earthscan, USA. 2nd Ed.

5. Green, M.A. 1986. Solar Cells: Operating Principles, Technology and System

Applications, University of New South wales.

6. Lorenzo, E., G. Araujo. And A. Cuevas. 1994. Solar Electricity: Engineering of

Photovoltaic Systems, Earthscans Publications Ltd.

RE-724 Power Electronics and Motor Drives 3(2-1)

OBJECTIVE To train the students in the field the power electronics that will enable them to convert energy

into different forms.

CONTENTS


19

Solid- state devices: Latest development in the area of Power Electronics covering modern

devices, converter topologies & control strategies. Power electronic converters: Pulse width

modulated rectifiers, Controlled rectifiers, single phase and three phase inverters, AC voltage

controllers, DC-DC Converters, switch mode converters, Cyclo-converters, Matrix

converters, Resonant and Soft-Switching Converters, High Frequency switching converters,

State-space averaged modeling of power electronic converters. Power Factor analysis and

instrumentation of power electronic converters, brief description of some special applications

of power electronic converters, Control methods for power electronic converters: Sliding-

Mode control of Power Converters, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Netrwork Control of Power

Converters. Solid State Drives, Motors operation on non-sinosoidal supply, Closed loop

control of solid state drives, Inverter fed induction motor drives, Cyclo-converter controlled

AC drives, Chopper fed speed control of dc motor drives, Speed control of Switched-

reluctance motors, brushless dc motors, stepper motors using power electronic converters,

Brushless excitation of synchronous machines.

Microprocessor: Application of microprocessor, microcontroller, PLC in solid state drives.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Rashid, M.H. 2011. Power Electronics Hand Book. McGrey Hill Company Ltd.

2. Erickson, R.W. 2012. Fundamentals of Power Electronics, McGraw Hill Company,

2nd

Ed.

3. Bimal, K.B. 2010. Power Electronics and Motor Drives: Advances and Trends,

Kindle Ed. Academic Press.

RE-725 Strategic Environment Assessment 3(3-0)

The contents would be added later.

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