current trends in ups technology › images › downloads › 2012... · current trends in ups...

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Voltages

1June 5, 2012


– 3-ph, 4 W, 120/208V classification for small and mid range sizes

– 3-ph, 480V classification is typical in larger capacity UPS Systems

– 3-ph , 4 W, 230/400V becoming more widely used in mid and large capacity UPS Systems

– new trend, in large data-centers utilizing 575/600V distribution classification

– Medium voltage UPS distribution in large facilities

2June 5, 2012


– UPS distribution in large facilities• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV

3June 5, 2012


– DC to the Rack• Using the typical efficiencies of the different

conversion steps listed below – from facility entry AC to the processor:

– Step Down Transformer (99.5%)– AC UPS (85%)– Computer Power Supply (70%)– Point of load converter (98%)

• Step Down Transformer (99.5%) x AC UPS (85%) x Computer Power Supply (70%) x Point of Load Converter (98%) = 58%

http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf

High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

December, 2005

4June 5, 2012


– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 380 VDC


High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

December, 2005

5June 5, 2012


– DC to the Rack• 12 VDC• 2966 W• 220.5 A• 7.8 A at 380 VDC

6June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies

7June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – linear loads


High Performance

Buildings: Data Centers

Uninterruptible Power Supplies

(UPS)December,

2005

8June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Efficiencies – non-linear loads

http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf9June 5, 2012


Characteristic Efficiency of UPS Topologies (2005 data)


High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005

Average Loading and Efficiency of UPSs in the Field (2005 data)

10June 5, 2012


Proposed UPS Efficiency Specification LevelsUPS Nominal Power Output

Efficiency at 20%

Efficiency at 50%

Efficiency at 100%

Below 20 kVA 80% 87% 88%20 kVA to 100 kVA 83% 89% 90%Above 100 kVA 90% 95% 95%


High Performance Buildings: Data CentersUninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)December, 2005

11June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies

12June 5, 2012


– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:

• the emerging need for higher switching frequencies in power electronic applications

• the emergence of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) offers superior UPS performance and reliability

• 1992, started the use of full IGBT design in both converter and inverter sections of UPS systems

13June 5, 2012


– Technological advancement of semiconductor power devices:

• IGBT devices are predominantly used in UPS inverter sections where the ability to switch the device on and off and control instantaneously is essential

• IGBT controls allow optimum performance • UPS use various configurations including full

IGBT, Diode/IGBT hybrid combination or Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) aka thyristor

• larger UPS Systems more likely to have IGBT/Diode front end design (for increased efficiency) or SCR rectifiers.

14June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies

Three-Level rectifier topology uses less energy

Conventional Two-Level rectifier topology

15June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Technologies with higher efficiencies

16

85.0%

87.0%

89.0%

91.0%

93.0%

95.0%

97.0%

99.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

225 kVA750 kVA

TOSHIBA G9000

10%

Competitor’s UPS

Competitor’s UPS

June 5, 2012

Break time

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Modularity

18June 5, 2012


– replaceable component assemblies

– faster recovery

19June 5, 2012


20

200kW power sectionsConsists of

• 3 single phase power modules

• a common 3-phase delta transformer

•a power module controller (PMC)

Slide in/out power modulesFor ease of service. A unique crane that allows the module to be changed by a single person ships with the UPS

Seperate input/output fusing and ContactorsTo ensure that a faulty section can be isolated

Fault containmentThe inverter sections are seperated by steel plates

Schneider Electric –

Symmetra MW II Modularity

June 5, 2012


21June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor

22June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology

• Leading power factor– The Liebert NXL UPS supports leading

power factor loads up to 0.95 without derating

23June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Leading power factor

24

G9000 UPS Performance

• Rated at .9 PF lagging• Up to .95 PF leading without derating

June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Transformerless

25June 5, 2012


– Bypass– ESS – Energy Saving System– Eco-mode– SEM – Super Eco-Mode– VFD – Voltage and Frequency

Dependent– Maximum energy saving mode– Boasts of up to 98% efficiency

26June 5, 2012


27June 5, 2012


– One of the potential drawbacks of enabling high efficiency modes in double-conversion UPSs is that the UPS no longer operates in double-conversion mode, potentially leaving mission critical loads more exposed to power abnormalities like voltage sags and line noise.

– Because the output is not fully conditioned, small or momentary abnormalities in power may pass through to the critical load when the unit is operating in high efficiency mode.

– It is unlikely that data center managers would be willing to operate a double-conversion UPS in high efficiency mode. This mode effectively turns a fully isolated double-conversion UPS into a less isolated line-interactive UPS. If customers are paying for the full performance of a double-conversion unit, they are likely to want all of the benefits that go along with it, including complete load isolation even though there is an energy penalty.

http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/UPS/Final_UPS_Report.pdf28June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Backup entire service

29June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS TechnologyHeat/Power Density is the number one concern of Data Center Management

30

Blade Server Power Solutions: Cabinet Level Power Distribution Solutions for High Density Cabinets, High Density Cabinet Power Solutions, February 22, 2006

June 5, 2012


– S&C PureWave UPSTM

• 2.5 to 20 MVA—5 to 25 kV• 313 to 2500 kVA—208 to 600 Volts• Line-interactive UPS• Outdoor or indoor installation• Modular and scalable• sealed “wet cell” batteries• “up to 3-minutes” backup capacity

31June 5, 2012

PureWave UPS System applied with back-up generator

32

• System is applied at the service entrance

June 5, 2012


– Medium Voltage UPS• S&C PureWave UPSTM

• Backs up all systems, including mechanical equipment

• 98.5% efficiency• Saves Real Estate• Lower Data Center

Construction Cost• Saves 80% of feeder size• Reduces data center

construction • Reduces arc flash

33June 5, 2012

Current Trends in UPS Technology• Stored Kinetic Energy

34June 5, 2012


– Stored kinetic energy is converted to electrical power when normal power is lost

– Rotating UPS• up to 2900 rpm• alternator controls and stabilizes load

voltage/frequency• up to 1250 kW for 30 sec, or longer• can be coupled to an

engine generator• battery free

35

http://www.hitec-ups.com

June 5, 2012


– Rotating UPS

36


June 5, 2012


– Rotating UPS• Up to 96% efficiency

37


June 5, 2012

current trends in ups technology › images › downloads › 2012... · current trends in ups...

Documents