current technologies for batch 2015 by dod

8/9/2019 Current Technologies for Batch 2015 by DoD

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Current Technologies

For Batch 2011-15 A presentation by

Prof. Bhupinder Verma DoD ECE


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What is the difference inBiodata-Resume-CV

• All are meant to show case your abilities and qualifications.• Bio-Data:

Bio-Data files concentrate more on the individual and hisattributes like height, weight, colour, skin complexion,…and

more that describes the person the best.• Resume:

A resume is a one or two page “summary” of your skills,experience and education. Generally no more longer than a

page or two. (More used in USA)• CV:

A Curriculum Vitae is a longer and more detailed synopsis.Generally over a couple of pages long (More used in EUROPE)


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Which Professional Society Youparticipate in?

• IEEE-LPU on campus• Engineering World Health ( EWH) on campus•

IETE is planned this year• RISC already on campus


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• Open Season on Drones : when small civilian drones take toUS skies later this year, they will face push-back and perhaps afew shotguns

• Virtual Reality’s Moment : Gaming• 4G Gets Real : LTE-Advanced mobile technologies will bring

more network capacity, faster data speeds, and bettercoverage.

• The Fast & the Formulae : High wattage EV cars will race incities around the world.

• Big Science Takes on the Brain : a massive US initiative willexplore the mind’s mysteries

Top Technologies in 2014Ref: IEEE Spectrum Jan 2014 issue


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• The next Space Super-Power : A luner rover, a crewedspace station, and new rockets top China’s space agenda

• Rescue-Robot Show-Down : Some may look like theTerminator, but these robots are designed to save us.

• Solara Takes off : Titan Aerospace’s high -flying dronescould deliver satellite services without leaving the atmosphere

• To Low Earth Orbit and Beyond : The Orion un-crew capsulecarries NASA’s hopes for revival

• Memory in the 3 rd Dimension : Chip stacking andtransistor redesigns will make memory smaller and faster

Top Technologies in 2014Ref: IEEE Spectrum Jan 2014 issue


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FANTASIES EMBEDDED

•

3.8 million jobs by 2015 but talent missing: ISAErnest & Young Report

• Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) and EmbeddedSystems are two among the several technologies thatwill play a major role in making these conceptspossible.

• The major difference between embedded systems

and RTOS is that embedded systems are basicallyplatform less systems , that is, they do not use anyoperating system, whereas RTOS work on specificOses.


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RTOS • A real time operating system (RTOS) is an OS that

guarantees a certain capability within a specified timeconstraint.

• There are two types of RTOS; Hard & Soft.• Consider an automated assembly line that makes use of

robots for assembling a ceiling fan. The robot will be

required to place the ball bearings of the fan at theprecise moment when each fan reaches a specific positionat a certain interval.

• In a hard RTOS , if the calculation could not be performedfor making the ball bearing at the right time, the OSwould terminate with a failure.

• For a soft RTOS , the assembly line would continue tooperate even through the fan is missing ball bearings. Thisis bad because the productivity of the whole assembly

line is lost.


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RTOS • In general , an RTOS has the following features :• Multi-tasking• Process threads that can be prioritized.• A sufficient number of interrupt levels.•

RTOS are usually employed in small embeddedoperating systems that are packaged as part of micro-devices like micro-processors .

• Generally used OS like Microsoft’s Windows 2000 orIBM’s OS/390

can be considered RTOS sincethey

satisfy some conditions of an RTOS . However, theydon’t meet all the requirements of an RTOS

• QNX, VxWorks are examples of commercial RTOS


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Vx Works-a premier hard RTOS • Vx Works is a development & execution environment for

complete real-time & embedded applications on a wide varietyof target processors. Vx Works is comprised of;

• High performance scalable RTOS , which executes on a targetprocessor.

• A set of cross development tools which are used on a hostdevelopment system.

• A full range of communications s/w options such as Ethernet orSerial-line for the target connection to the host.

• Vx Works support a full range of real-time features incldg . fastmulti-tasking, interrupt support, and both pre-emptive & round-robin scheduling.


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Vx Works-a premier hard RTOS • Micro-kernel design allows minimum system

overhead & respond quickly to external events.• Vx Works provide an efficient Inter-task comm.

mechanism , permitting independent tasks tocoordinate their actions within a real-timesystem.

• Vx Works provide several types of semaphoresbinary, counting, and mutual exclusion withpriority inheritance.

• Vx Works supports a wide range of industrystandard s POSIX 1003.b RT extensions.


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Useful websites

• www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.html

• www.freertos.org • www.embeddedrelated.com • www.intel.com/p/en_US/embedded

http://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.htmlhttp://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.htmlhttp://www.freertos.org/http://www.embeddedrelated.com/http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/embeddedhttp://www.intel.com/p/en_US/embeddedhttp://www.embeddedrelated.com/http://www.freertos.org/http://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.htmlhttp://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.htmlhttp://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.htmlhttp://www.altera.com/education/univ/materials/embedded_systems/unv-overview.html


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Vast Vistas in Nanotechnology

• This cutting edge technology can be used in• aerospace, engineering ,• bio-science, medical science,• environment ,• electronics,• security and• a variety of other fields.


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Scope of Nano Science

• The scope & application of nano-technology isso immense that it is estimated that there willbe no sector of industry that will not use

nanotechnology in future.• In countries like USA and Japan,

nanotechnology is already being used inhousehold products such as golf-balls,mattresses, skin-care creams & sprays .


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Scope of Nano Science • Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize

every area, from medicine to space, to variousindustrial & technological fields.

• In the area of health , nanotech can createsensors in the form of biochips , to be inserted inthe human body, targeting a drug to a singlemalignant cell.

• It can also make tiny medical devices & sensors with fantastic precision to reach areas where thesurgeons hands can’t, and repair damaged &diseased tissues .


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Scope of Nano Science • As the nano materials are light, strong &

transparent , they can be used for a variety ofproducts.

• Nano coatings can be applied to differentfabrics to make them scratch-resistant & dirtrepellent .

• It has also the potential to produce garmentswhich can block chemical & biological

weapons from touching the skin of a person• Nanotechnology is also used by securityagencies to help detect narcotics & finger-prints of suspects in crimes.


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Nanoelectronics

www.inup.org.in http://childfriendlynews.com/tech-stuff-that-kids-should-know

http://www.inup.org.in/http://www.inup.org.in/


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HDLs?• As the number of enhancements to various Hardware

Description Languages (HDLs) has increased over the past year,so too has the complexity of determining which language is bestfor a particular design.

• Let us compares the technical characteristics of three, general-

purpose HDLs:• VHDL (IEEE-Std 1076): A general-purpose digital design

language supported by multiple verification and synthesis(implementation) tools.

•

Verilog (IEEE-Std 1364) : A general-purpose digital designlanguage supported by multiple verification and synthesis tools.• SystemVerilog : An enhanced version of Verilog. As

SystemVerilog is currently being defined by Accellera, there isnot yet an IEEE standard.


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VHDL • VHDL (Very High Speed IC HDL) is a strongly and richly typed

language . derived from the Ada programming language.• its language requirements make it more verbose than Verilog .• The creators of VHDL emphasized semantics that were

unambiguous and designs that were easily portable from onetool to the next.

• Several related standards have been developed to increase theutility of the language .

• Any VHDL design today depends on at least IEEE-Std 1164(std_logic type), and many also depend on standard Numericand Math packages as well.


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SystemVerilog • Though the parent of System-Verilog is clearly Verilog , the

language also benefits from a proprietary Verilog extension fromAccellera and tenants of C and C++ programming languages.

• System-Verilog extends Verilog by adding a rich, user-definedtype system . It also adds strong-typing capabilities, specificallyin the area of user defined types.

• However, the strength of the type checking in VHDL stillexceeds that in System-Verilog . And, to retain backwardcompatibility,

• Since System-Verilog is a more general-purpose language than

Verilog , it provides capabilities for defining and packagingreusable functionality not already included in the language.

• System-Verilog also adds capabilities targeted at test-benchdevelopment , assertion-based verification, and interface

abstraction and packaging.


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IP Cores• Among IP vendors and customers, one of the first

questions asked is, “ Does this IP come in hard or softform? ”

• What the customer is asking is whether the circuitdesign will be delivered in a high-level HDL such asVerilog or VHDL, or as an already-synthesized “hard”design ready for manufacturing .

• There are pros and cons each way, and debatecontinually simmers over which way is better.

• IP that’s delivered in “soft” form (i.e., as an HDLdescription) is generally easier for the customer (thechip-design team) to work with, but it will have all thesame drawbacks that all synthesized hardware suffers:larger size, slower speed, and higher cost when it’smanufactured


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A Car Intranet for CAN


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RFID• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies

allow the transmission of a unique serial numberwirelessly, using radio waves.

• RFID technology is better than bar codes as it can notbe easily replicated and thus enhances security of theproduct.

• The basic RFID system consists of Tag and the reader .• In RFID tag there are two main components;• a small silicon chip which contains a Unique ID and an

antenna to send/receive radio waves.• There are two types of tags : active (internal power and

passive tags (require power from external sources)•

Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) using RFID.


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CELL TOWER RADIATION HAZARDS AND SOLUTIONSa presentation by Prof. Girish Kumar IIT Bombay


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RF Sources


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Blue Tooth Technology (IEEE 802.15.1)• Bluetooth was named after a 10th Century Danish Viking

King of Scandinavia (now Denmark and Norway)• Erricson (1994) conceived Bluetooth while examining

alternatives to cables that linked mobile phoneaccessories in short range wireless communications.

•

Bluetooth (Ver 1/2/3 ) operates in unlicensed ISM bandat 2.4GHz frequency (max. 2.35-2.45 GHz)• ISM bands are used by other devices such as 802.11

networks, baby monitors, garage door openers,microwave ovens etc.

• Bluetooth uses Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum (FHSS)to avoid any interference.

• Distance covered is 0-10m/100m and its power is0/20dBm


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ZigBee Protocol• Sensor Network protocol• ZigBee uses technique that honey bees use to

communicate new found sources of food to othermembers of the colony.

• IEEE 802.15.4• Frequency: 2.4 GHz• Encryption: Yes•

Network Size: 64K• Battery Life: Years• Speed: 250 Kbps


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WiMAX• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

is based on IEEE 802.16 standards for Metropolitan AreaNetworks (MAN)• WiMAX coverage is about 30 miles as compared to very

limited coverage of Wi-Fi (100m).• WiMAX is high cost network as compared to low cost

network of Wi-Fi.• WiMAX networks provide much higher speed and very long

range as compared to Wi-Fi.• WiMAX network execute a connection oriented MAC while

Wi-Fi runs on CSMA/CA protocol which is wireless and strifebased.

• WiMAX technology performs a variety of tasks at a timesuch as high speed internet, telephone service, videostreaming, IPTV and voice applications etc.

• Dis-advantage : QoS decreases in rainy seasons


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Benefits of Soft Logic overConventional PLCs:

Attributes Conventional PLC IOWorksSoft Logic

Primary Product Hardware Software Sys. Software Proprietory StandardProgramming Proprietory Standard CPU Proprietory Standard Memory Low High Response Fast Varies

I/O Capacity Varies VariesCost/Point Medium-High Low Ease of Use Medium High S/W Portability Limited Yes

Ease of Integrtn.

Improving

High


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Lab VIEW (Laboratory Virtual instrument Engg. Workbench)

• National Instruments Inc. (USA) has introduced arevolutionary graphic programming developmentenvironment based on the G programming language

for data acquisition & control, data analysis and datapresentation.

• Lab VIEW is multi-platform, available for WindowNT/9X, Mac OC, Sun, HP-UX etc.


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Did my lecture add to yourknowledge?

Queries please

Thank youand

Good luck in the forthcoming Placement Drives

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