ctep - unit-v - construction equipments pdf
TRANSCRIPT
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
BY
K.R.SHANKAR M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EBET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
TRIPPUR DISTRICT
TAMUL NADU, INDIA – 638108
Email ID – [email protected]
Construction Equipments 1
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
2. HAULING EQUIPMENT
3. HOISTING EQUIPMENT
4. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
5. AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
6. PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
7. TUNNELING AND ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENT
8. PUMPING AND DEWATERING EQUIPMENT
9. DREDGING EQUIPMENT
Construction Equipments 2
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
USE OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE WITH THE ORGANIZATION
SUITABILITY FOR JOB CONDITION WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO CLIMATIC AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
UNIFORMITY OF TYPE
SIZE OF EQUIPMENT
USE OF STANDARD EQUIPMENT
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION
AVAILABILITY OF SPARE PARTS AND SELECTION OF
MANUFACTURERS
SUITABILITY OF LOCAL LABOUR FOR OPERATION
EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS:
The equipment which perform excavation,
digging of large quantities of earth , moving them to
distances , placement , compacting, leveling,
dozing, grading, hauling etc., are called earth
moving equipment.
CLASSIFICATION:
EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT
EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
Construction Equipments 4
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
VOLUME OF MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED
HEIGHT OF THE EXCAVATION
DISPOSAL OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL
DISTANCE OF EXCAVATION SITE TO HAULING UNITS
MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED FROM SITE
TYPE OF SOIL TO BE EXCAVATED
DUARATION OF PROJECT (FOR EXCAVATION)
TYPES OF EARTH EXCAVATION
EQUIPMENTS
1. POWER SHOVEL
2. BACK HOE
3. DRAG LINE
4. CLAM SHELL
Construction Equipments 6
POWER SHOVEL
LONG-LASTING.
EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCK
TYPES:
WHEEL MOUNTED (HIGH SPEED - FIRM GROUND)
CRAWLER MOUNTED (LOW SPEED - UNSTABLE SOIL)
BASIC PARTS:
* TRACK SYSTEM * CABIN
* CABLES * RACK & STICK
* BOOM FOOT PIN * SADDLE BLOCK
* BOOM POINT SHEAVE * BUCKET ( Size = .375 m3 to 5 m3)
Construction Equipments 7
OPERATION:
CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATIONS:
CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.
VERY HARD MATERIALS, BIG SIZED BOULDERS.
DIGGING IN GRAVEL BANKS, CLAY PITS, CUTS IN ROAD WORKS, ROAD
SIDE BERMS Etc.,
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:
* CLASS OF MATERIAL * DEPTH OF CUTTING
* ANGLE OF SWING * SKILL OF OPERATOR
* SIZE OF HAULING UNITS * JOB CONDITION
POWER SHOVEL
Construction Equipments 8
POWER SHOVEL
Construction Equipments 9
POWER SHOVEL
Construction Equipments 10
POWER SHOVEL
Construction Equipments 11
BACK HOE
• ALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.
• USED TO EXCAVATE BELOW THE SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT - IT CAVES INTO THE
GROUND.
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * JACK BOOM
* BOOM FOOT DRUM * BOOM SHEAVE
* STICK, BUCKET * BUCKET SHEAVE
OPERATION:
• SIMILAR TO SHOVEL EXCEPT IT MAKES INWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATION:
• DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.
• TO TRIM THE SURFACE (DRESSING).
Construction Equipments 12
BACK HOE
Construction Equipments 13
BACK HOE
Construction Equipments 14
BACK HOE
Construction Equipments 15
DRAG LINE
• The drag line is so name because of its prominent
operation of dragging the bucket against the material to
be dug.
• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the
bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.
• Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and
dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.
• Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and
handling softer materials.
Construction Equipments 16
DRAG LINE
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * HOIST CABLE
* DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN
* DRAG CHAIN * BUCKET
APPLICATIONS:
o Dragging softer material and below its track level
o It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are
permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.
o It has long reaches.
o Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment
without hauling units.
Construction Equipments 17
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:
• TYPE OF MATERIAL
• DEPTH OF CUTTING
• SIZE AND TYPE OF BUCKETS
• SKILL OF OPERATOR
• SIZE OF HAULING UNITS & METHOD
• ANGLE OF SWING
• LENGTH OF CRANE BOOM
• JOB CONDITION
DRAG LINE
Construction Equipments 18
Construction Equipments 19
DRAG LINE
Construction Equipments 20
DRAG LINE
Construction Equipments 21
CLAM SHELL
• This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a
clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
• The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially
designed bucket loosely attached at the end through
cables as in a drag line.
• The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in
cubic meters.
• The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line,
hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
Construction Equipments 22
Application:
• Used for handling loose material such as crushed
stone, sand, gravel, coal etc.
• Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one
location to another.
• Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam,
sewer main holes, well foundations etc.
CLAM SHELL
Construction Equipments 23
CLAM SHELL
Construction Equipments 24
CLAM SHELL
Construction Equipments 25
CLAM SHELL
Construction Equipments 26
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF
EQUIPMENT
S.No. Items of comparisonPower
shovelBack hoe Drag line Clam shell
1Excavation in hard soil or
rockGood Good Not good Poor
2Excavation in wet soil or
mudPoor Poor
Moderately
good
Moderately
good
3Distance between footing
and diggingSmall Small Long Long
4 Loading efficiency Very good GoodModerately
good
Precise but
slow
5 Footing required Close to work Close to pitFairly away
from pit
Fairly away
from pit
6 Digging level
Digs at or
above footing
level
Digs below
footing level
Digs below
footing level
Digs at or
below footing
level
7 Cycle time Short
Shortly more
than power
shovel
More than
power shovel
More than the
other
equipmentConstruction Equipments 2
7
TYPES OF EXCAVATING AND EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
1. MOTOR GRADERS
2. SCRAPERS
3. BULL DOZERS
4. TRACTORS
Construction Equipments 28
MOTOR GRADERS
o THEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.
o USUALLY SELF PROPULSIVE.
CONSTRUCTION:
• FRONT OF THE GRADER FRAME IS SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF
FRONT WHEELS & REAR ON TANDEM WHEELS.
• CURVED BLADE IS SUPPORTED ON THE CIRCLE AND BE
TURNED THROUGH 360 DEGREE.
• BLADE HAS REPLACEBLE EDGES.
• CUTTING DEPTH - 2-4CMS.
Construction Equipments 29
SPEED:
LIGHT DUTY - 6-10 KM/HR.
HEAVY DUTY - 2-3 KM/HR.
NORMAL DUTY - 4-6 KM/HR.
USES:
* GRAVEL ROAD REPAIRING * ROAD SHOULDER RESHAPING
* BANK CUTTING * DITCH FILLING
* BASE COURSE SPREADING * MATERIAL MIXING
* SNOW, LAND CLEARANCE * FROZEN TOP SOIL, ASPHALT
BREAKING
MOTOR GRADERS
Construction Equipments 30
MOTOR GRADERS
Construction Equipments 31
MOTOR GRADERS
Construction Equipments 32
SCRAPERS
COMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST HAULING
MACHINES
UNIQUE FOR LONG DISTANCE HAULING
IT ITSELF DIGS, HAULS, DEPOSIT THE MATERIALS IN UNIFORM
THICK LAYERS
TYPES:
• CRAWLER TRACTOR PULLED
• WHEEL TRACTOR PULLED
BASIC PARTS:
• BOWL, APRON, EJECTOR (TAIL GATE).Construction Equipments 3
3
CAPACITY:
• HEAPED CAPACITY OF THE BOWL.
OPERATION:
• WHILE DIGGING CUTTING EDGE ENTERS THE GROUND BY
LOWERING THE BOWL, THE FRONT APRON IS RAISED
• EDGE IS RAISED, APRON IS LOWED WHILE HAULING.
• WHILE DUMPING EJECTOR IS USED.
SCRAPERS
Construction Equipments 34
SCRAPERS
Construction Equipments 35
SCRAPERS
Construction Equipments 36
SCRAPERS
Construction Equipments 37
SCRAPERS
Construction Equipments 38
BULL DOZERS
• VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE
MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON:
POSITION OF BLADES - PERPENDICULAR BLADES
- BLADES AT AN ANGLE
MOUNTING - WHEEL MOUNTED
- CRAWLER MOUNTED
CONTROL - CABLE CONTROL
- HYDRAULIC CONTROL
Construction Equipments 39
CONSTRUCTION:
CONSIST OF HEAVY BLADE WITH CONCAVE PROFILE.
BLADE IS ATTACHED TO THE BODY WITH TWO ARMS, A
SUPPORTING FRAME & HELD BY TWO PUSH ARMS
APPLICATION:
SPREADING EARTH FILL
CLEARING, OPENING UP PILOT ROADS
BACK FILLING TRENCHES
CLEARING CONSTRUCTION SITES
BULL DOZERS
Construction Equipments 40
BULL DOZERS
Construction Equipments 41
BULL DOZERS
Construction Equipments 42
BULL DOZERS
Construction Equipments 43
TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE
Construction Equipments 44
TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE
Construction Equipments 45
TRACTORS
MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND
PUSHING OTHER MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.
TYPES:
1. WHEEL TYPE ( <50 km/Hr )
2. CRAWLER TYPE ( <12 km/Hr )
APPlCATIONS:
CLEARING & EXCAVATING MACHINERY
HAULING & CONVEYING MACHINERY
Construction Equipments 46
CRAWLER TRACTOR
Construction Equipments 47
WHEEL TRACTOR
Construction Equipments 48
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRAWLER AND
WHEELED TRACTORS
CRAWLER TYPE WHEELED TYPE
1. Slow speed 1. Greater speed
2. More compact and powerful and
can handle heavier jobs2. Con handle only lighter jobs
3. Costly 3. Cheaper
4. Cost of operation and
maintenance is high
4. Operational and maintenance cost
is less
5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control
6. Moves on rough roads only6. Moves on rough as well as good
roads
7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances
8. Requires skillful operation,
maintenance and repairs
8. Lesser skills required for
operations, maintenance and repairsConstruction Equipments 4
9
EARTH COMPACTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS
2. SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
3. PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS
Construction Equipments 50
SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS:
PLAIN STEEL ROLLERS
SELF – PROPELLED (5 TO 25 TONNES)
NO DEEP COMPACTION
REAR WHEELS ARE LARGER IN DIAMETER AND THE FRONT ONES ARE
WIDER
DIESEL ENGINE TYPE
COMPACTION IS BY STATIC WEIGHT OF ROLLER
SUITABILITY:
GRANULAR SOILS
SAND
GRAVEL
CRUSHED STONES
Construction Equipments 51
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
Construction Equipments 52
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
Construction Equipments 53
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
Construction Equipments 54
SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
HOLLOW STEEL DRUM WITH PROJECTED FEET MOUNTED AT
100 TO 200 MMC/C
WEIGHT - 15 TONNES
SPEED - 25 KM/HR
COMPACTION IS BY KNEADING ACTION
IN CONVERTIBLE ROLLERS THE FOOT PLATE CAN BE
REMOVED
IN TURN FOOT ROLLERS THE INDIVIDUAL SHEEP FOOT CAN
BE CHANGED
SUITABILITY:
CLAY, PREDOMINANTLY COHESIVE AND IMPERVIOUS SOIL
Construction Equipments 55
SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
Construction Equipments 56
SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
Construction Equipments 57
PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS
CONSISTS OF A BASE PLATFORM MOUNTED BETWEEN TWO
AXLES
TRACKS OF THE REAR WHEEL LIE INBETWEEN THE TRACKS
OF THE FRONT WHEEL
COMPACTION IS BY CONTROLLING THE GROUND CONTACT
PRESSURE
WEIGHT OR WIDTH OF THE WHEEL CAN BE SUITABLY
INCREASED
SUITABILITY:
FINE GRAINED AND WELL GRADED SANDS
Construction Equipments 58
PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLER
Construction Equipments 59
PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
• PILE IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND
FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING SURFACE LOADS
• THEY ARE EFFECTIVE AT AN ECONOMICAL COST
EQUIPMENTS NEEDED:
PILE DRIVEN RIGS
1. SKID MOUNTED 2. CRANE MOUNTED 3. FLOATING RIGS
GUIDE LEADERS
PILE DRIVING HAMMERS
ADDITIONAL AIDS FOR PREBORING, JEETING ETC.,
BOILER FOR STEAM RAISING OR AIR COMPRESSOR.
Construction Equipments 60
PILE DRIVEN RIGS
• Pile Driving Rigs provide basic operation of lifting the pile,
holding the pile in position, hammering it into the ground
or of pulling it out of the ground and guiding the pile in the
desired direction of movements.
• It supports the boom, the winch, mechanism, driving
hammer, the guiding leaders and a platform for mounting
the auxiliary equipment such as jet pumps, drilling auger
etc.,Construction Equipments 6
1
SKID MOUNTED RIGS
Construction Equipments 62
SKID MOUNTED RIGS
Construction Equipments 63
CRANE MOUNTED RIGS
Construction Equipments 64
CRANE MOUNTED RIGS
Construction Equipments 65
FLOATING RIGS
Construction Equipments 66
GUIDING LEADERS
• The leaders guide the pile and the hammer during
operation which extents to the entire height of the
rigs.
• In case pile driven below the rigs in to excavations or
trenches extensible leaders are used.
• It enable hammer to deliver blow axially to pile.
Construction Equipments 67
GUIDING LEADERS
Construction Equipments 68
GUIDING LEADERS
Construction Equipments 69
TYPES OF HAMMERS
1. DROP HAMMER:
o No external source needed.
o Mechanism to lift the hammer
by a cable.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Solid mass of Metal or Cast
Iron of weight – 1 to 4 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1.5 to 6 m
o No. of blows – 4 to 8 per min
o It is slow process but efficient.
o Not in use now.
Construction Equipments 70
2. SINGLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted by
steam or compressed air.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
o No. of blows – 60 per min
Construction Equipments 71
3. DOUBLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted &
lowered by steam or
compressed air.
o Weight – 500 kg
o Effect will be like 3 Tonnes
o No. of blows – 100 to 200
per min
Construction Equipments 72
4. DIFFERENTIAL ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is modified form of double acting
hammer.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
o No. of blows – 100 to 200 per min
o Same pile can be driven with in ½ time saving
30% of steam.
Construction Equipments 73
5. DIESEL HAMMER:
o The hammer imparts
Compression, Impact and
Explosion energy to the
pile.
Construction Equipments 74
Construction Equipments 75
Construction Equipments 76
6. VIBRATORY HAMMER:
• Very effective in driving piles
through non cohesive granular
soils.
• Pile is driven by making vibration.
• The vibration can be produced by
electrically / hydraulically.
• Penetration rates can approach up
to 20 m/min in moderately dense
granular soils.
• It can be used with another
methods also.Construction Equipments 77
HAULING EQUIPMENTS
HAULING IS DEFINED AS MOVEMENT OF MATREIALS FROM
ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE.
EQUIPMENTS USED FOR THIS PROCESS IS HAULING
EQUIPMENTS.
TYPES:
DUMP TRUCKS
DUMPERS
Construction Equipments 78
DUMP TRUCKS
TYPES:
1. SIDE DUMP TRUCK
2. BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS
SIDE DUMP TRUCK:
DUMPING IS THROUGH THE SIDES OF THE TRUCK
SUITABLE FOR HAULING WET CLAY, SAND, GRAVEL, QUARRY
ROCKS.
BOTTOM DUMP TRUCK:
DUMPING IS BY OPENING THE BOTTOM OF THE TRUCK
SUITABLE FOR FREE FLOWING MATERIALS SUCH AS SAND,
GRAVEL, DRY EARTH, HARD CLAY.
Construction Equipments 79
SIDE DUMP TRUCKS
Construction Equipments 80
SIDE DUMP TRUCKS
Construction Equipments 81
BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS
Construction Equipments 82
DUMPERS
HIGH SPEED PNEUMATIC WHEELED TRUCKS WITH
SHORT CHASIS AND STRONG BODIES.
SUITABLE FOR SHORT HAULS ON ROUGH ROADS
AND SPECIALLY WHERE A SHUTTLE MOVEMENT IS
REQUIRED.
Construction Equipments 83
EQUIPMENTS FOR
MATERIAL
HANDLING &
ERECTION OF
STRUCTURES
Construction Equipments 84
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES OR
HOISTING EQUIPMENTS
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
1. BLOCK AND TACKLE
* Oldest & Simplest one.
* Use only mechanical power.
* Inexpensive device.
* But, Waste of manpower.
Construction Equipments 85
BLOCK AND TACKLE
Construction Equipments 86
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
2. WINCH
* By winding rope or cable on
drum vertical movement is obtained.
* Greater mechanical advantages
than Block and Tackle.
* Used to load heavy equipment
in to ships etc.,
Construction Equipments 87
WINCH
Construction Equipments 88
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
3. HOISTS
* Operated b/w fixed guide rails.
* Operated by Hand, Compressed
air or by electric power.
* Same as elevators but operator
does not go up but operated from one
point to others.
Construction Equipments 89
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
4. ELEVATORS
* Same as Hoists but operator
can go up with the load.
* Electrical type elevator is best.
* If not Hydraulic type elevator is
used.
Construction Equipments 90
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
1. HAND TRUCKS
* Simplest one still in use.
* Require large manpower to use.
* Advantages are small cost,
flexibility, easy transportation from one
place to another place.
Construction Equipments 91
HAND TRUCKS
Construction Equipments 92
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
2. NARROW GAUGE RAIL ROAD
* Very Expensive.
* Used in industries like blast
furnace, copper refineries, steel
rolling operations etc.,
Construction Equipments 93
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
3. TRACTORS & TRAILORS
* Most widely used.
* Different tailors can be attached
to tractors.
* Less costly than narrow gauge
rail.
Construction Equipments 94
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
4. SKIDS
* Wheeled or Plain trollies over
which materials are loaded and picked up
by lift trucks.
* Used to transfer load from
position to position.
Construction Equipments 95
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
4. PIPELINE
* Pipeline and pumps are used for
horizontal transportation of materials.
* Used to transfer fluids and
gaseous material.
Construction Equipments 96
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
1. CHUTE
* Used for both horizontal and
vertical movements.
* May be straight or spiral forms.
* Used in Packing industry,
Railway & Air terminals.
Construction Equipments 97
CHUTE
Construction Equipments 98
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
2. LIFT TRUCK
* Same as Skids but provide
large platform to lift & place materials.
* Uses mechanical power to
move materials from one place to
other.
Construction Equipments 99
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
COMBINATION DEVICES
3. FORK LIFT TRUCK
* It is provided with fork which
receives the load at G.L. & elevates
hydraulically to desired height.
* No need of Manual lifting.
* Self loading & unloading.
Construction Equipments 100
COMBINATION DEVICES
4. CRANES
* USED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, SHIPPING, INDUSTRIES ETC.
* THEY MAY BE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, DIESEL OPERATED OR
DIESEL-ELECTRIC DRIVE.
CLASSIFICATION:
* DERRICK CRANES.
* MOBILE CRANES.
* OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANES.
* TRAVELLER CRANES.
* TOWER CRANES.
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
Construction Equipments 101
DERRICK CRANES
PARTS:
* MAST * BOOM * BULL WHEEL.
TYPES:
* GUY-DERRICK * STIFF LEG DERRICK.
OPERATION:
• THE BOOM CAN REVOLVE THROUGH 360 DEGREE.
• IT CAN CARRY LOADS UPTO 200 TONS.
• WHEN THE LOAD IS LESS THAN 50 TONS GUY ROPES ARE
REPLACED BY TRUSSED STRUCTURE.
• STIFF LEG DERRICK CAN CARRY 7- 50 TONS.Construction Equipments 1
02
DERRICK CRANES
USES:
• LOADING AND UNLOADING CARGOES AT PORTS.
• TO HANDLE LOOSE MATERIALS LIKE SAND, BALLAST, COAL.
• IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, INDUSTRIAL, MULTISTOREYED
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
• PLANT ERRECTION.
Construction Equipments 103
DERRICK CRANE
Construction Equipments 104
DERRICK CRANE
Construction Equipments 105
MOBILE CRANE
THEY ARE EITHER CRAWLER MOUNTED OR WHEEL MOUNTED.
CRAWLER MOUNTED ARE HIGHLY MANEOUVERABILE AND
OPERATE ON UNMADE GROUND.
SUITABLE FOR ROUGH TERRAINS.
OPERATE IN A LIMITED AREA.
TRUCK MOUNTED CRANES HAVE HIGH MOBILITY.
SPEED - 70-75 KM/HR.
LOAD – 3 TO 160 TONS.
Construction Equipments 106
MOBILE CRANE
Construction Equipments 107
MOBILE CRANE
Construction Equipments 108
OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANE
USED FOR HANDLING LOADS OVER A LONG RECTANGULAR
AREA.
IT CONSISTS OF BRIDGE WHICH IS FIXED BY TWO GANTRY
GRIDERS AT TH ENDS SUPPORTED BY TRAM WHEELS.
NEXT THE CRAB CONSITS OF HOISTING GEAR MOUNTED ON
FRAME OF BRIDGE.
FRAME ITSELF MOUNTED ON ANOTHER SET OF WHEELS TO
MOVE ALONG MAIN GRIDERS.
USED IN STORAGE, ERECTION, FOUNDRY, STEELPALNTS ETC.,
Construction Equipments 109
OVER HEAD CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
0
OVER HEAD CRANE
Construction Equipments 111
OVER HEAD CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
2
TRAVELLER CRANE
THESE HAVE THEIR CRABS MOVING ON GIRDERS SUPPORTED
ON LEGS INSTEAD OF GRATRY TRUCKS AS USED IN THE
OVERHEAD CRANES.
THE LEGS ARE CAPABLE OF MOVING ON TRACKS LAID ON THE
FLOOR.
USED IN DUMPING YARDS, CASTING YARDS, ERECTION
INDUSTRIES ETC.,
Construction Equipments 11
3
TRAVELLER CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
4
TRAVELLER CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
5
TOWER CRANE
IT HAS A TRUSS STRUCTURE WELDED FROM ANGLE BARS
AND CHANNELS.
LADDERS ARE PROVIDED FOR EASE.
THEY CAN BE ASSEMBLED AND DISMENTLED.
USED IN INDUSTRAIL AND RESIDENTAIL HIGH RISE BUILDING.
ALSO COMMONLY USED IN INDUTRIAL PLANTS WITH STEEL
STRUCTURES.
Construction Equipments 11
6
TOWER CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
7
TOWER CRANE
Construction Equipments 11
8
COMBINATION DEVICES
5. CONVEYORS
* TRANSMITTING MATERIALS OVER A STATIONARY STRUCTURE IN
CONTINOUS STREAM.
* ADVANTAGES:
* INCREASES OUTPUT
* CONTINUITY IN OPERATION
* TIME SAVING (NO WAITING PERIODS)
* TYPES:
* BELT CONVEYOR
* SCREW CONVEYOR
* BUCKET CONVEYOR
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
Construction Equipments 11
9
BELT CONVEYOR
* MOST POPULAR
* CONSISTS OF A BELT RUNNING OVER A PAIR OF END
DRUMS SUPPORTED BY A SERIES OF ROLLERS CALLED IDLERS
* MIDDLE SAG IS PROVIDED TO PREVENT THE SPILLING OF
MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES:
* CAN HANDLE LIGHT,HEAVY, DRY, WET, SOFT, COARSE
MATERIALS
* HIGH SPEED
* CARRIES HORIZONTALLY AND INCLINED
* LIGHTER IN WEIGHT
* CONTROLLED DISCHARGEConstruction Equipments 1
20
BELT CONVEYOR
Construction Equipments 121
BELT CONVEYOR
BARROSO, BRAZIL - 7.2 KILOMETER - LONGEST BELT CONVEYOR
Construction Equipments 122
SCREW CONVEYOR
* USED FOR HANDLING GRANULAR OR PULVARISED MATERIALS
* QUANTITY IS LESS COMPARED TO BELT CONVEYOR.
* LOW COST
* CONSISTS OF A HELIX MOUNTED ON A BEARING AT THE ENDS
AND AT INTERMEDIATE POINTS
* LENGTH IS 65M WITH AN INCLINATION UPTO 35 DEGREES
Construction Equipments 123
SCREW CONVEYOR
Construction Equipments 124
BUCKET CONVEYORS
* MATERIAL IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH A
SERIES OF BUCKETS.
* LENGTH IS LIMITED TO 25M.
* WEIGHT DEPENDS UPON THE STRENGTH
OF CHAINS.
* MAINLY USED FOR HANDLING COAL.
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BUCKET CONVEYORS
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BUCKET CONVEYORS
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AERIAL TRANSPORTATION
1. CABLEWAYS
* USED IN EXCAVATION WORK OF DAMS, QUARRIES,CONSTRUCTION
ETC.,
* LOADS ARE HOISTED AND MOVED VERTICALLY.
* ALSO USED IN TRANSPORTING CONCRTETE OVER LARGE AREA.
2. ROPEWAYS
* LONG DISTANCE MOVEMENT
* ENDLESS ROPE WITH TWO EN TOWERS AND SUPPORTED BY
SERIES OF PULLEY MOUNTED ON INTERMEDIATE TOWER.
* SEPARATE HANDLING AND SUPPORT RPOES.
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
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CABLEWAYS & ROPEWAYS
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CABLEWAYS & ROPEWAYS
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CABLEWAYS & ROPEWAYS
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BATCHING, MIXING
AND PLACING OF
CONCRETE
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BATCHERS
PROPORTIONATING THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE FOR A
PARTICULAR MIX.
WEIGH BATCHING IS COMMONLY USED.
TYPES:
1. MANUAL BATCHING
2. SEMI - AUTOMATIC BATCHING
3. AUTOMATIC BATCHING
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CONCRETE BATCHER
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CONCRETE MIXERS
MIXING ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE TO MAKE A MIX OF SPECIFIED
CONSISTENCY
FACTORS GOVERNING MIXING:
CORRECT SETTING OF MACHINE
PROPER CLEANING OF BLADES
SEQUENCE OF MATERIAL CHARGED
TIMELY SUPPLY OF WATER
DIRECTION OF IN - FLOW
SPEED AND TIME OF MIXING
TYPES:
DRUM TYPE MIXERS - TILTING & NON - TILTING
PAN TYPE MIXERS
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CONCRETE PLACERS
USUALLY DONE THROUGH BUCKETS CARRIED ON RAIL
ROADS OR TRACKS.
DUMP TRUCKS AND BELT CONVEYORS ARE ALSO USED.
CABLE WAYS CAN BE USED OR THE HOISTING OF
BUCKETS MAY BE DONE WITH THE HELP OF CRANES.
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CONCRETE PLACERS
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DREDGING
EQUIPMENTS
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DREDGERS
USED FOR EXCAVATION FROM RIVER BED, LAKE, SEA FOR
THE PURPOSE OF DEEPENING THEM.
TYPES:
1. DIPPER DREDGER
2. BACK HOE DREDGER
3. BUCKET OR LADDER DREDGER
4. SUCTION DREDGER
5. GRAB DREDGER
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DIPPER DREDGER
IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
THE BOOM CAN ROTATE THROUGH 180 DEGREES
PRODUCTION RATE - 50 CU.M/HR
BUCKET SIZE - 4 T0 6 CU.M
DUMPING RANGE - 30 M
DEPTH - 15 M
SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, DREDGING CALY &
CONFIND SPACES OF DOCKS AND NARROW CHANNELS
LOW PRODUCTION RATE & LESS DEPTH.
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DIPPER DREDGER
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DIPPER DREDGER
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BACK HOE DREDGER
IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
PRODUCTION RATE - 100 - 400 CU.M/HR
BUCKET SIZE - 1 T0 6 CU.M
DEPTH - 18 M
SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, TRENCHES ETC.,
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BACK HOE DREDGER
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BACK HOE DREDGER
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LADDER DREDGER
IT IS EQUIPPED WITH BUCKET ELEVATOR MOUNTED ON A
BARGE.
PARTS – CABLE ARRAGEMENT, WHEEL & CONTAINERS.
IT IS SUSPENDED ON A STEEL LADDER.
SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR
GRAVEL.
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LADDER DREDGER
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LADDER DREDGER
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LADDER DREDGER
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GRAB DREDGER
IT IS EQUIPED WITH GRAB SUSPENDED BY A CABLE.
GRAB IS EXTENDED BY OPERTAING BOOM OF A CRANE.
DREDGER HAS 1 TO 4 BOOM CRANES MOUNTED ON IT.
SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR
GRAVEL AND ROCK REMOVAL ALSO.
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GRAB DREDGER
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GRAB DREDGER
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SUCTION DREDGER
SIMILAR IN OPERATION EXCEPT IT CONSISTS OF A PUMP
EXCAVATOR MOUNTED ON A BARGE WITH SUCTION LINE,
SUPPORTED ON A LADDER.
PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
* FREE RUNING GRANULAR MATERIAL
CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
* 3000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & 6 KM PUMPING RANGE
WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
* 200 TO 36000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY
TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
* 300 TO 11000 CU.M/HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & DEPTH –10 TO 30 M
Construction Equipments 162
PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
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PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
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CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
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CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
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WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
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WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
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WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
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TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
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TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
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TRENCHERS
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WHEEL TRENCHERS
CONSISTS OF A PAIR OF CIRCULAR RIMS CONNECTED BY U
SHAPED BUCKETS OR CUTTERS.
SELF PROPELLED.
THE EXCAVATING DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A MEANS OF
CONVEYING.
WIDTH - 12 M
DEPTH - 3 M
OPERATION:
* CABLE DRIVE
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WHEEL TRENCHERS
USES:
FOR LAYING
WATER, GAS, OIL PIPE LINES
TELEPHONE CABLES
DRAINAGE
SEWERS
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WHEEL TRENCHERS
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WHEEL TRENCHERS
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LADDER TYPE TRENCHERS
SIMILAR TO WHEEL TRENCHER EXCEPT BUCKETS ARE PROVIDED
WITH CHAIN LINKS ON LADDER TYPE FRAME OR BOOM.
ADVANTAGES:
1. FASTER AND CHEAPER.
2. DIGS NECESSARY DEPTH.
3. CONTINUOUS PROCESS.
Construction Equipments 177
LADDER TYPE TRENCHERS
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LADDER TYPE TRENCHERS
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TUNNELING EQUIPMENTS
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
* PRECUSSION TYPE
* ROTATRY TYPE
1. JACK HAMMER:
* HANDY EQUIPMENT
* WEIGHT – 25 KG
* DEPTH - 2.5 M TO 3 M
2. DRIFTER:
* HEAVY ROCK DRILLERS
* WEIGHT – 45 TO 70 KG
* DEPTH - 9 M TO 12 M
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TUNNELING EQUIPMENTS
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
3. TRUCK MOUNTED DRILL:
* TRUCK MOUNTED
* EASY MOBILITY
* DEPTH – 15 M
* HOLES ALONG ANGLE &
VERTICALLY DOWN
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TUNNELING EQUIPMENTS
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE:
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REFERENCES
Purushothama Raj.P “Construction Techniques Equipment and
Practices”, Sri Krishna Hitech Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd,
Chennai, June 2016.
Seetharaman.S , Chinnamsamy.M “Construction Techniques,
Equipment and Practices”, Anuradha Publictions, Chennai, 2015.
Sharma S.C. “Construction Equipment and Management”, Khanna
Publishers New Delhi, 2002.
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