WEST INDIES, USA by Stewart Brown

- The islands seem like dice tossed on a casino’s baize- The shattered innards of a TV set that’s fallen off the back of a lorry

OL’ HIGUE by Mark McWatt (allusion – dramatic monologue)

- Rhetorical questions- Use of Creole

LE LOUPGAROU by Derek Walcott (Italian sonnet)

- A curious tale that threaded through the town through graying women sewing under eaves- Christian witches

GOD’S GRANDEUR by Gerard Manley Hopkins (English sonnet)

- Charged (pun) – charged like electricity; charged with responsibility- Bent (pun) – literally round world; morally bent- Like the shining from shook foil

DREAMING BLACK BOY by James Berry

- Repetition of “I wish” to show that he can only hope and dream of a better, unlikely future; he is powerless

- Choice of speaker

SOUTH by Edward Kamau Brathwaite

- Symbol – river and ocean- Alliteration – sharp slanting sleet; bright beaches; sea shells shift; tepid taste- Gulls and white sails (of sailboats) contrasting nature and man-made equipment

FORGIVE MY GUILT by Robert P. Tristram Coffin

- Contrast – dignity of birds and cowardice of the boy; nature’s beauty and sorrow and pain caused by the boy

- Like two sorrowful high flutes – can no longer fly but sing only sad songs

IT IS THE CONSTANT IMAGE OF YOUR FACE by Dennis Brutus

- Personification of the country (apartheid South Africa) - Oxymoron – heart’s treachery

THIS IS THE DARK TIME, MY LOVE by Martin Carter

- Metaphor – all round the land brown beetles crawl about- “festival of guns”, “season of oppression”, “carnival of misery”

TO AN ATHLETE DYING YOUNG by A.E. Housman (ballad)

- Repetition of “shoulder high” – happiness and life quickly changed to sadness and death- Symbols of “laurel” (winner) and “rose” (beauty)

TEST MATCH, SABINA PARK by Stewart Brown

- Puns “boycott” and “amiss”- Hyperbole of monsoon season

EPITAPH by Dennis Scott

- Pun “clement” (nice weather and merciful people) and “brutal sentences” (sentence to death and sentence made of words)

- Extended simile or punctuation imagery of “brutal sentences” and “apostrophe to pain”; apostrophe shows physical shape, omission and possession

SONNET COMPOSED UPON WESTMINISTER BRIDGE by William Wordsworth (Italian sonnet)

- Personification (“city now doth like a garment wear the beauty of the morning”, “river glideth at his own sweet will”, “the very houses seem asleep”)

- Metaphor – “and all that mighty heart is lying still”

A STONE’S THROW by Elma Mitchell

- Allusion – John Chapter 8- Repetition of “eyes”

THEME FOR ENGLISH B by Langston Hughes

- Symbolism – “this college on the hill above Harlem”; “I take the elevator up to my room”- Broken syntax – mid-line breaks and run-on sentences - Repetition – I/you/me

A CONTEMPLATION UPON FLOWERS by Henry King

- Personification - Metaphor – life compared to the seasons e.g. “I would have it ever spring”, “my fate would

know no winter”- Pun – “beds of earth” (soil and grave)

THE WOMAN SPEAKS TO THE MAN WHO HAS EMPLOYED HER SON by Lorna Goodison

- Contrast – talk of natural happenings of a growing child in her womb then of machine guns and death

- Allusion – “hot and exploding death if he asks for bread” Matthew 7:9; Absalom 2 Samuel 18; Judas Iscariot, thief on the cross

ORCHIDS by Hazel Simmons-McDonald

- Simile – “Blossoms were full blown like polished poems” - Metaphor – “Press them between pages of memory”

ONCE UPON A TIME by Gabriel Okara

- Metaphor – “ice-block-cold eyes”- Simile – “wear many faces like dresses”- Simile – “my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs”

DULCE ET DECORUM EST by Wilfred Owen

- Similes – “like old beggars under sacks”, “his hanging face like a devil’s sick of sin”, “obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud”

- Contrast between the old lie and the truth - Regular rhyme scene; mid-line breaks; run-on lines