slides on types of poems and poetic devices
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LiteratureTRANSCRIPT
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Today we will browse through…
Poetic Genres …the nature of poems *NOTE: some call them types as well
Poetic Types… the structure of poems
Poetic elements… the mechanics of poems
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Poetry Genres:Mother Goose and Nursery Rhymes
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, the art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts.
Form: Many different forms of verse are included in traditional nursery rhymes, such as stories and riddles.
Examples: Hark! Hark! The Dogs do Bark!; Pease Porridge Hot; One, Two, Buckle My Shoe; Hush Little Baby; Pat-A-Cake
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Nursery and Folk Songbooks
Collection of traditional and modern verses and their musical notations
illustrated
Rock –a-Bye –Baby Hey Diddle Diddle Pussycat Pussycat Twinkle Twinkle
Little Star Georgie Porgie
Examples
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Ballads
Definition: Literary works that are narrative poetry and tell a story.
Form: Many different forms to write different types of ballads.
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More poetic genres…
Lyrical – describes beauty Ode – lyrical, addresses something, sung Didactic – has strong message Ballad – tells a story Elegy – sad , usually sung for / about the dead (Requiem – mass for dead accompanied by music)
Dirge – sung at funerals Epitaph – written on tombstones Narrative – tells story Dramatic – talks to an audience Slam poetry – expresses anger /protest
(performed)
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SLAM POETRY
Dear neighbors who live in my hood,I'm not sure why you think it's goodto let you preshush furry babies pooin my yard and not wrap the doo.
Take it away, I don't like your gift.I don't need puppy pee and shit.I have a 8 month old baby boywho's own loaded diapers fill me with joy.
Hm...Maybe they'd fill you with joy too!Leave your address and the next time he poos,I'll bring that steamy diaper by your place,and fling it on your lawn, honk my horn and say,"Take that you tacky people who won't clean up after your animal and leave dog CRAP on someone else's property. You suck!!"
-Stacey Jay c. 2009
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Types (Focus is Structure)
Free Verse
Definition: Literary work of poetry that is written without ‘proper rules’ about form, rhyme, rhythm, or meter.
Form: Lacks rhyme and has less predictable rhythm.
Examples: Fog; Out of the Dust; Leaves of Grass; Seashells
Concrete
Definition: Literary work in verse in which the words and phrases are arranged on paper to capture and extend the meaning. Each line should be a complete unit of thought.
Form: The text itself forms a visible picture on the page.
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Triplet Definition: Literary work in metrical form or
verse that has three lines. Most often the three lines rhyme. Some triplets have only two rhymed lines with different patterns.
Form: 3 rhyming lines or 2 rhyming lines. Example: 2 rhyming
lines tripletDown by the lakeGrandpa and I drop a
lineThen have lots of fish
to take.
.
• Example: 3 rhyming lines triplet
- Football is the game for me
- The stadium is a great place to be
- Touchdowns are what I like to see.
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Haiku
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, that is an unrhymed Japanese poem with three lines and a specific syllable pattern. Haiku’s theme is usually nature.
Form: Line #1: 5 syllables Line #2: 7 syllables Line #3: 5 syllables Example: An old silent pond From leaf to leaf hops a frog Looking for a meal
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Cinquain
Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse that has five lines.
Form: Line #1: Subject Line #2: Two describing words Line #3: -’ing’ words about what the subject
does Line #4: A sentence about the subject Line #5: Another name for the subject Example: Spider Furry, black Climbing, spinning, weaving They make an intricate web Tarantula
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Limericks Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, the art of
rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. A limerick is a very short but funny poem. There is a rhyme and rhythm pattern that makes it flow smoothly.
Form: Lines 1,2 and 5: rhyme and have eight to ten syllables. Lines 3 and 4: rhyme and have five to seven syllables.
Example: There once was a tycoon from New York Who thought he could eat all foods with a
fork Ice cream gave him some trouble His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from
the cork.
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Diamante Definition: Literary work in metrical
form or verse, which has seven lines. The form is written about two opposite subjects and makes a comparison between them by moving from one to the other. Subjects might include war-peace, fire-ice, hot cold, etc.
Form:
Line #1: 1 noun that names the first subject
Line #2: 2 adjectives that describe the first subject
Line #3: 3 –’ing’ words that are related to the first subject
Line #4: 4 nouns: the first 2 related to the first subject (line 1) & the second 2 related to the second subject (line 7)
Line #5: 3 –’ing’ words that are related to the second subject
Line #6: 2 adjectives that describe the second subject
Line #7: 1 noun that names the second subject
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Shakespearean Sonnet
Has fixed form – 14 lines with 3 rhyming stanzas and a rhyming couplet
4 lines4 lines4 lines2 lines
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Petrarchan Sonnet
First developed by Italian humanist and writer, Francesco Petrarca
The original Italian sonnet form divides the poem's 14 lines into two parts, an octave (first eight lines) and a sestet (last six lines).
rhyme scheme for the octave is typically
a b b a a b b a. the sestet is more flexible. Petrarch
typically used c d e c d e or c d c d c d for the sestet.
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Octave
The octave's purpose is to introduce a problem, express a desire, reflect on reality, or otherwise present a situation that causes doubt or conflict within the speaker.
It usually does this by introducing the problem within its first quatrain (unified four-line section) and developing it in the second.
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What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why, aI have forgotten, and what arms have lain bUnder my head till morning; but the rain bIs full of ghosts tonight, that tap and sigh aUpon the glass and listen for reply; aAnd in my heart there stirs a quiet pain bFor unremembered lads that not again bWill turn to me at midnight with a cry. aThus in the winter stands a lonely tree, cNor knows what birds have vanished one by one, dYet know its boughs more silent than before: eI cannot say what loves have come and gone; dI only know that summer sang in me cA little while, that in me sings no more. e
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Sestet
The beginning of the sestet is known as the volta, and it introduces a pronounced change in tone in the sonnet; the change in rhyme scheme marks the turn.
The sestet's purpose as a whole is to make a comment on the problem or to apply a solution to it.
The pair are separate but usually used to reinforce a unified argument
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Others…
Word poems Name poems Acrostic poems Bio poems Shape poems
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ELEMENTS IN POETRY Subject matter – what the poem is literally
about. E.g. ‘I know why the caged bird sings sad songs
’(Its about a bird in a cage that sings)
Theme – The meaning or message that arises from a poem. There could be multiple meanings in a single poem.
E.g. It is about freedom /the freedom of choice/ oppression of the Black Americans
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Poet – the author of the poem Persona – the character in the poem
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Rhyme Scheme
There once was a tycoon from New York Who thought he could eat all foods
with a fork Ice cream gave him some trouble
His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from
the cork.
Rhyme scheme: a,a,b,b,aNote: Sounds not spelling
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Literary Devices
Personification – human attributes given to a non-human subject. E.g. The skies cried that day
Metaphor – direct comparison of two dissimilar things. E.g. My teacher is a real tiger.
Simile - indirect comparison of two dissimilar things.
E.g. My teacher is like a tiger.
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Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds. E.g. “call the hall to a halt with a ball”
Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds. E.g. “fancy finding a baffling bluff”
Onomatopoeia – the word sounds like what it means- “hiss”, “buzz”, “cooed”, “fizzle”
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Repetition – E.g.lonely, lonely, lonely Hyperbole – overstatement .e.g. My mother…
Irony –a contrast or a discrepancy of some sort. Verbal e.g . He know nothin ‘bout no
English
Situational e.g. Marie: Let them eat cake!
Dramatic e.g. Triffles
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Tone & Mood
Tone- Aspects of a work that reveals an author’s / poet’s attitude. E.g. playful, angry, mocking, sarcastic, sombre, melancholic etc
Mood – The atmosphere evoked or created
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Imagery
sensory details - language that appeals to any one of the five senses
Sight
Smell
Touch
Sound
Taste
Pictures created by using Sensory Details.
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IMAGERY
LITERAL IMAGES
SENSUOUS IMAGERY
SYMBOLIC IMAGES
FIGURATIVE IMAGES
COLOURSSHAPES
MOVEMENTSSOUNDSRHYTHMRHYME
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Thank You
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