CRYSTAL-FACE &

MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Retrievals of cloud thermodynamic phase, optical thickness, and particle

size

S. Platnick1, M. D. King1, J. Riedi2, S. Ackerman3, G. T. Arnold1,4, J. Dinsick1,4,M. Gray1,4, E. Moody1,4, G. Wind1,4, M. Fitzgerald5, J. Myers5

1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 2 Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique, U. Lille, 3U. Wisconsin, Madison, 4 EER Systems, 5NASA Ames Research Center

MODIS Atmosphere Team RetreatSt. Michaels MD18 March 2003

adapted from C-F STM, Salt Lake City UT, 26 Feb. 2003 et al.

Outline• Overview of CRYSTAL-FACE

• The MODIS Airborne Simulator

– overview

– calibration

• Data

– web site and quicklook imagery, L1B

• Case study examples

• Future efforts

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

XX

NewNew

C-F Aircraft PlatformsER-2: remote sensing of cirrus, aerosols, gases, radiative flux

Platnick, Newman, King

Proteus: remote sensing of cirrus, aerosols, gasesBill Smith, Allen Larar (LaRC)

CIRPAS Twin Otter: in situ boundary layer, radiative fluxRick Flagan (CalTech)

UND Citation: in situ sampling below/lower anvil (crystals,ice nuclei, water vapor)

Mike Poellet (UND)

WB-57: in situ sampling above/upper anvil(crystals, aerosols, tracers, water vapor, radiative flux)

Randy Friedl (JPL), Marty Ross

NRL P-3: Eldora doppler radarHans Verlinde (PSU)

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

80 ms-1, 19 kft, 5 hrs

200 ms-1, 70 kft, 8 hrs

175 ms-1, 58 kft, 6 hrs

185 ms-1, 62 kft, 6.5 hrs

120-170 ms-1, 43 kft, 3.5 hrs

Microwave Temp. Profiler (MTP) Mahoney (JPL)

Microwave Temp. Profiler (MTP) Mahoney (JPL)

Cloud Radar System (CRS)

Heymsfield (GSFC), Mace (Utah)

Cloud Radar System (CRS)

Heymsfield (GSFC), Mace (Utah)

Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) McGill (GSFC)

Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) McGill (GSFC)

Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFR) Pilewskie (Ames)

Solar Spectral Flux Radiometers (SSFR) Pilewskie (Ames)

ER-2 Doppler Radar(EDOP)

ER-2 Doppler Radar(EDOP)

superpod,

(unpressurized aft)

centerline pod

Q-bay, E-bay

nose cone

superpod

Conical Scanning Sub-mm wave Imaging Radiometer

(CoSSIR) Wang (GSFC), Evans (CU)

Conical Scanning Sub-mm wave Imaging Radiometer

(CoSSIR) Wang (GSFC), Evans (CU)

MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) King (GSFC), Platnick (UMBC)

MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) King (GSFC), Platnick (UMBC)

Radiation Meas. System (RAMS) Valero (Scripps) Radiation Meas. System (RAMS) Valero (Scripps)

S-20

Vaisala DropsondeHalverson (UMBC), Starr (GSFC)

Vaisala DropsondeHalverson (UMBC), Starr (GSFC)

Meteorological Meas. System(MMS) Bui (Ames)

Meteorological Meas. System(MMS) Bui (Ames)

JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) Herman (JPL)

JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH) Herman (JPL)

same

proposal

rt. eng. cheek

CRYSTAL-FACE ER-2 Instrument Payload

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

ER-2, Proteus payload is an “A-train” simulator: Aqua (MAS, SSFR, RAMS, NAST-I/M), CloudSat (CRS), Calipso (CPL), Parasol (POLDER, RSP), …

Satellites intercomparisons of interest:

Aqua (18 April 2002, 1330 local): MODIS, CERES, AIRS, AMSR-E

Terra (1030 local): MODIS, CERES, MISR, ASTER

Envisat (March 2002, 1000 local): interest from SCIAMACHY team (also flies AATSR, MERIS)

ER-2/Proteus platform synergy

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

Key West Naval Air Station

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

Ground Sites:

remote sensing (radar, lidar, radiometers, etc.)

Western site: PARSL (PNNL Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory) - Everglades City

94, 35 GHz, lidar, radiosondes, radiometers, met, etc NPOL (NASA polarimetric radar) - Big Cypress National Preserve

Eastern Site:Tamiami airport

Miami 94 GHz radar, ceilometer, IR, met data; Tsay SMART

PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02

PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02

PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02

PicturesWB-57: 7-13-02

PicturesER-2: 7-19-02

PicturesKW NAF hangar 591

Picturessea-going vessels

23 July case studyER-2 flight tracks

MAS 1.88 µm band23 July 2002

(from MAS web site)

ft08(1939 UTC

start)ft09

(2004) ft10(2031)

ft11(2059)

ft13(2138)

ft14(2204)

NNE (~34°)

LakeLakeOkeechobeeOkeechobee

Good case to study cloud evolution!

Selected histograms - particle size

effective radius (µm)

Ice Clouds Water Clouds0 3010 2010 3523

optical thickness0 6020 400 7035

MAS opticalthickness

MAS effectiveradius (µm)

CRS nadir radar reflectivity (Heymsfield, Li)

MAS26 July, Fl07

southern sortie(coordination w/WB-57)

~ 7

2 km

Good case to supplement w/IR retrievals (Shaima)!

In situ WB-57 particle distributions available

(A. Heymsfield)

MAS, 16 July, Fl08, western gnd. site coordination

~ 4

8 km

slide from T. Garrett, C-F STM Feb.

MAS - future activities

• Optical/microphysical retrieval issues

– thin cirrus limitations: sun glint, surface reflectance

– ice scattering radiative transfer libraries

– comparison with other instruments/techniques, including:

Remote: IR techniques (MAS/MODIS/AIRS); Radar/lidar (CRS, EDOP, CPL): water path, particle size, extinction; AirPOLDER, RSP: phase, directional properties

In situ: CIN, size distributions, et al.

• Science - why do these retrievals matter?

– Scaling up to satellite retrievals

– Applications in a broad range of small scale cloud microphysical issues (water path, size, etc.), CR modeling

– Linkage w/radiative flux is g, which is NOT DERIVABLE FROM re ALONE (unlike water (Mie) droplets)

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

Southern FL spectral surface albedo from MODIS(derived from product MOD43, ~1.7 km resolution,

diffuse sky, 8/2001, E. Moody)

0.65 µm MODIS band 2.13 µm

vis reflectance

for c=0.5 ~ 0.03

shallowwaters

w. gnd. site

0.86 µm

MAS - future activities

• Optical/microphysical retrieval issues

– thin cirrus limitations: sun glint, surface reflectance

– ice scattering radiative transfer libraries

– comparison with other instruments/techniques, including:

Remote: IR techniques (MAS/MODIS/AIRS); Radar/lidar (CRS, EDOP, CPL): water path, particle size, extinction; AirPOLDER, RSP: phase, directional properties

In situ: CIN, size distributions, et al.

• Science - why do these retrievals matter?

– Scaling up to satellite retrievals

– Applications in a broad range of small scale cloud microphysical issues (water path, size, etc.), CR modeling

– Linkage w/radiative flux is g, which is NOT DERIVABLE FROM re ALONE (unlike water (Mie) droplets)

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

extras

MAS instrument overview

• Scanning, grating spectrometer with 4 optical ports– Operated by NASA Ames Airborne Sensor Facility (J. Myers, M. Fitzgerald)

50 spectral bands (v. 36 MODIS bands) including:

0.65, 0.86, 0.94, 1.61, 1.64, 1.88, 2.1, 3.7, 11 µm bold=MAS only

50 m spatial resolution (at ground, nominal ER-2 altitude), ± 43° scan

• Calibration– Ames Calibration lab (P. Hajek)

– Radiometric

Thermal bands: on-board blackbody

Solar reflective bands: pre/post-deployment laboratory calibration, field ground-based measurements for trend monitoring

– Spectral

Pre/post-deployment laboratory calibration

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

MAS instrument cloud algorithms

MODIS heritage algorithms

Cloud mask: U. Wisconsin (S. Ackerman, et al.)

Cloud optical & microphysical properties (optical thickness, effective particle size (~ <V>/<Acs>), water path, thermodynamic phase): NASA

GSFC (King, Platnick, et al.)

• Primary particle size retrieval from 2.1 µm band

• Optical thickness information from 0.65 µm (land), 0.86 µm (ocean)

• Thermodynamic phase derived from combination of cloud mask tests, IR bispectral (B. Baum), and SWIR bands (J. Riedi)

• Ice cloud radiative transfer libraries: 12 distributions, combination of 4 habits as a function of size - (P. Yang, A. Heymsfield, et al.)

• Surface albedo derived from MODIS albedo & ecosystem products (Boston U., Strahler, Schaff, et al.)

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

MAS information, data

• Web site:– MAS quicklook, ER-2 mission summaries, flight tracks, etc.

http://mas.arc.nasa.gov/data/deploy_html/crystalfacehome.html• Data

– L1B data (calibrated, geolocated) archived in HDF(4), by ER-2 straight line

flight track: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/fieldexp/MAS/

– L2 products (cloud mask, thermodynamic phase, optical thickness/particle size retrievals) available on request

– Requested case studies processed to date, selected flight tracks:

23, 29 July (L. Li, G. Heymsfield, McGill, Starr) - developing convection over peninsula

26 July (A. Heymsfield) - southern sortie

13 July (Jensen) - thin cirrus

16, 23 July (Mace) - western gnd. site observations

9, 11, 29 July (Di Girolamo) - Terra/MISR

S. Platnick, St. Michaels MD, 18 March 2003

MAS & ER-2 SSFR (Pilewskie): 9 July 2002

1835 UTC

1901 UTC

350 nm 1700 nm

Albedo