crfg growing rare fruit from seed
TRANSCRIPT
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Growing Rare Fruit From SeedJohn M. Riley
The information here was extracted with minor revisions from an article by John M. Riley that
appeared in the 1981 CRF !earboo" #vol. 1$% 1981% pp.1&'().The f*ll article containsimportant additional information on mechanisms of seed +ermination% propa+ation techni,*es%
propa+ation media% container mixes and seed stora+e. -ee thebac" iss*e informationfor price
and orderin+ information.
Seed Treatment Methods
Hot Water
This treatment consists of soa"in+ the seed in hot water for a period of time. ne proced*re
is to po*r boilin+ water over the seed% *sin+ abo*t fo*r vol*mes of water to one vol*me ofseed. The intent is a thermal shoc" which rapidly diminished to room temperat*re. /s*ally
this is followed by moist cold stora+e. Most patho+ens are destroyed at abo*t 102 F #(12 C).
The treatment is a little tric"y for home *se% since most seed are "illed at 1(82 F #812 C).
Sulfuric Acid Treatment
The acid attac"s cell*lose and is often recommended as a dramatic treatment for seed coat
modification. For the home +ardener% handlin+ s*lf*ric acid may present some ha3ard.
Hydrogen Peroxide
This is commonly available in a $4 sol*tion. 5t may be *sed in f*ll stren+th for abo*t 6min*te to disinfect seed and alter the seed coat. The peroxide may then be dil*ted in half with
water and the seed soa"ed for *p to 6' ho*rs.
Sodium/alcium Hy!ochlorite
This material is commonly available as ordinary la*ndry bleach. 5t effectively sterili3es and
disinfects when *sed in a 14 sol*tion. This can be prepared by added 17' c*p bleach to 6
c*ps of water. -oa" the seed for 6 min*tes to sterili3e and rinse thoro*+hly afterwards.
Alcohol and "ther Sol#ents
Many volatile solvents% incl*din+ +rain alcohol have been mentioned as havin+ an effect onseed +ermination. *ite possibly this res*lts from softenin+ waxy compo*nds in the seed
coat which are not water sol*ble.
Gi$$erellin
ibberellic acid promotes +ermination in many seeds. 5t also helps overcome the tendency
for some seedlin+ to become dwarfed and to +row slowly after the harsh treatment *sed toinitiate +ermination. -eed may be soa"ed with concentration of 1 to 1% ppm for 6'
ho*rs.
yto%inins
at*ral +rowth hormones stim*late the +ermination of many "inds of seed by actin+ at the
molec*lar level on biolo+ical processes. Many synthetic cyto"inins are available from tiss*e
c*lt*re s*pply ho*ses% b*t since they m*st be "ept at a low temperat*re to prevent
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decomposition% they are not available in +arden s*pply centers. -oa"in+ for three min*tes in
"inetin at concentration of 1 ppm has been recommended.
&thylene
This +as occ*rs nat*rally in plants and has a n*mber of biolo+ical effects% incl*din+ the
stim*lation of seed +ermination. ne of the chemicals available to +ardener to +enerateethylene is ethephon. -ince +ibberellins% cyto"inins and ethylene are three dominant
components in initiatin+ +ermination% it is nat*ral that they wor" best when applied to+ether.
Potassium 'itrate
Many freshly harvested dormant seeds +erminate better if soa"ed in a .64 potassi*m nitrate
sol*tion. -eeds sho*ld be soa"ed for no more than 6' ho*rs and then rinsed well.
Thiourea
This has been *sed to stim*late +ermination of some dormant seeds% partic*larly those that
do not +erminate in dar"ness or at hi+h temperat*res. : water sol*tion of .; to '4 isrecommended. -ince thio*rea is somewhat inhibitory to +rowth% the seeds sho*ld be soa"ed
no lon+er than 6' ho*rs and then rinsed well.(itamins
The most common vitamin s*pplement for plants is vitamin
WTM))WARM TR"P*A+ M"*ST
-eed sho*ld be maintained above (2 F #612 C) and not allowed to dry o*t before plantin+.
T*))TR"P*A+ *'T&RM&,*AT&
-eed sho*ld be dried to abo*t (4 of harvest wei+ht and stored a temperat*re of abo*t '2 F#'2 C).
T,))T&MP&RAT& ,R-
-eed sho*ld be dried to below ;4 of harvest wei+ht and stored at room temperat*re or
preferably '2 F #'2 C).
M))""+ M"*ST
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-tore seed with s*fficient moist*re to prevent dryin+ o*t at abo*t '2 F #'2 C).
?ormancy
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life
1mos23ty!e
cy
$rea
%er
4F
143
:ctinidia
chinensis 16D T?-C7C
1'&61
1 #&
16)
ar+*ta 16D T?-C7C
1'&61
&6; #&
$6)
"olomi"ta 16D T?-C7C
1'&61
&' #&
')
:e+le
marmelo 16D T5 -G7M-
1'&61 68 #&6)
:"ebia
,*inata 6'D T? MC 1'&616; #&
')
trifoliata 6'D T? MC 1'&616; #&
')
:melanchier
ainifoli 8 T?-C7
MC1'&61
&; #&
';)
canadensis 8 T?-C7
MC1'&61
&$#&
$;)
dentic*lat*m 8 T?-C7
MC1'&61
&1#&
6$)
:nacardi*m
occidental 1TM
-G 1'&61$ #&
1)
:nnona
cherimola 6'D T? -G 1'&6160 #&
$)
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p*rp*rea 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
retic*lata 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
s,*amosa 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
:ntidesma
b*ni*s 16D T5 -G 1'&6160 #&
$)
dallachyan*m 16D T5 -G 1'&6160 #&
$)
platyphyll*m 16D T5 -G 1'&61 68 #&6)
:rb*t*s
*nedo 16&6' T? MC $1; #&
1)
:rtocarp*s
comm*nis 1T
M
M
-(&61 $; #$)
inte+rifolia 1T
M
M
-(&61
$ #&
1)
hypar+yrae*s 1T
M
M
-(&61
$ #&
1)
:simina
triloba 16D CM-C7MC
$&9&6; #&$6)
:verrhoa
bilimbi 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
carambola 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
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cymosa 6'D T? MC 1'&61 #&
16)
scandens 6'D T? MC 1'&61 #&
16)
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;)
tetrameria 0 T5 R7-G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Castanea
dentata 8 CM MC 68&1 #&
6$)
p*mila 8 CM MC 68&1 #&
6$)
Ceratonia
sili,*a 0 T? -C 6&$6 #&
8)
Cere*s
per*vian*s $0 T? li+ht $&1'60 #&
$)
Chrysophyll*m
cainito 0TM
M-
1'&6168 #&
6)
Citr*s
a*rantifolia 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
a*ranti*m 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
limon 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
maxima 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
mitis 16 T5 -G 1'&616 #&
8)
paradisi 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
retic*lata 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
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sinensis 16 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
Cla*sena
lansi*m 16 T5 -G 1'&61 6; #&')
Coccolaba
*vifera 16 T?M
-1'&61
$ #&
1)
Coffea
arabica 0 CMM
-1'&61
68 #&6)
liberica 0 CMM
-1'&61
68 #&6)
Corn*s
amon*m 6'D T? C 1'&61 #&
18)
mas 6'D T? C 1'&61 #&
18)
Coryl*s
americana 16D CM C 1&$&1; #&60)
avellana 16D CM C 1&$&1; #&
60)
Cratea+*s
aestivalis 6'D T?-C7MC
$&'&1; #&60)
p*bescens 6'D T?-C7MC
$&'&1; #&60)
C*drania
tric*spidata $0 T?-C7-
T1'&61
&6 #&
69)
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Cydonia
oblon+a 8 CM MC 1'&61&1; #&
60)
Cyphomandra
betacea 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
?iospyros
di+yna 0T
M
-G7M
-
1'&6168 #&
6)
discolor 0
T
M
-G7
M- 1'&61
68 #&
6)
"a"i 16D T5-C7
MC1'&61
#&
18)
vir+iniana 6'&$0 T?-C7
MC1'&61
&1 #&
6$)
?ovyalis
abyssinica 6'D T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
caffra 6'D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
hebecarpa 6'D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Hlaea+n*s
m*ltiflora 6'D T5-G7
MC1'&61
&1 #&
6$)
philippensis 16D T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
p*n+aens 6'D T5-G7MC
1'&61 #&18)
Hriobotrya
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Aaponica 8 days CM MC 1'&6116 #&
11)
H*+enia
a++re+ata 0 T5 -G 1'&61 6 #&8)
brasilliensis 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
l*schnathiana 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
*niflora 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
H*phoria
lon+an 1T
M
M
-10&$
6' #&
')
FeiAoa
sellowiana 6'D T5 MC 1'&611' #&
1)
Feronia
limonia 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Fic*s
carica 6'D T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
Flaco*rtia
ramonchi 16D T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Fort*nella
Aaponica 16 T5 -G 1'&611 #&
16)
mar+arita 16 T5 -G 1'&611 #&
16)
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arcinia
man+ostana 1&6T
M
-G7
M
-
1'&61 ' #')
xanthochym*s 6&'T
M
-G7
M
-
1'&6168 #&
6)
a*ltheria
shallon 16 T? MC $ #&
18)
ayl*ssacia
frondosa 6'D T? C 1&$ #&18)
resinosa 6'D T? C 1&$ #&
18)
ev*ina
avellana 0 CMM
-1'&61
1 #&16)
Barpyphyll*m
caffr*m 6'D T5 R 1'&6160 #&
$)
Bibisc*s
sabariffa $0 T? -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Bovenia
d*lcis 6'D T?-C7
MC
1'&$&1 #&
6$)
5n+a
paterno 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
=itchi
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chinensis 1T
M
M
-10&$
68 #&
6)
Macadamia
inte+rifolia 6' T5 -G 1'&$ 6' #&')
tetraphylla 6' T -G 1'&$6' #&
')
Malphi+ia
+labra 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Mammea
americana 6&'TM
-G7M
-
1'&6168 #&
6)
Man+ifer*m
indica 6T
MR7-G 1'&61
68 #&
6)
Manil"ara
3apota 6' T? -G 1;&$68 #&
6)
Melicocc*s
biA*+at*s $ T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Mor*s
alba 6'D T5-C7-
T1'&61
&6 #&69)
ni+ra 6'D T5-C7-
T1'&61
#&18)
r*bra 6'D T5-C7-
T1'&61
&1 #&1$)
M*ntin+ia
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calib*ra 16D T5
-G7
M-
1'&6168 #&
6)
M*sa
balbisiana 16 T5
-G7
M
-
1'&6168 #&
6)
Myrciaria
ca*liflora 0 T5 -G 1'&616' #&
')
Myrt*s
comm*nis 6'D T? MC 1'&61 6; #&')
@assiflora
alata $&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
ed*lis $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
la*rifolia $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
li+*laris $&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
molissima $&0 T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
,*adran+*laris $&0 T5 -G 1'&61 $6 #)
@ersea
americana ' TM M- 1'&61
@istachia
vera 6&$ T5 R7-G 1'&611 #&
16)
@ometia
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pinnata 0T
M
M
-1'&61
68 #&
6)
@oncir*s
trifoliata 16&6' T5 -G 1'&61 #&18)
@o*teria
campechiana 0T
M
M
-1'&61
$ #&
1)
sapota 0T
M
M
-1'&61
$ #&
1)
viride 0T
M
M
-
1'&61$ #&
1)
@r*n*s
salicifolia 6' T5 -G 1'&616 #&
()
@sidi*m
cattleian*m 16D T5 -G 1'&616; #&
')
+*aAava 16 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
@*nica
+ranat*m $0 T5 MC 1'&$16 #&
11)
Rhodomyrt*s
tomentosa 16 T5 -G 1'&6160 #&
$)
Ribes
hirtell*m '8D T? MC $ &$ #&$;
ni+r*m '8D T? MC $&$ #&
$;)
r*br*m '8D T? MC $ &$ #&
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$;)
sativ*m '8D T? MC $&$ #&
$;)
*va&crispa '8D T? MC $ &$ #&$;)
Rollinia
deliciosa && T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
-amb*c*s
caer*lea 6'D T5-C7MC
$&6 #&68)
canadensis 6'D T5-C7MC
$&6 #&68)
racemosa 6'D T5-C7MC
$&6 #&68)
-andoric*m
"oetAape $0 T? -G 1'&6160 #&
$)
-hepherdia
ar+entea '6D T?-C7MC
$&0&6 #&68)
-immondsia
chinensis 16D T? -G ;&( #(8I1(0 F%
60I1(0 C)
1; #&
1)
-olan*m
,*itoense 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
topir* 6' T? -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
-orb*s
a*c*paria 6' T? MC 1&$ &6 #&
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68)
domestica 6' T? MC 1&$&1 #&
6$)
terminalis 6' T? MC 1&$ &1 #&6$)
-ynsepal*m
d*lcific*m 1T
M
M
-(&61
$ #&
1)
-y3y+i*m
aromatic*m 6&0 T5 -G 1'&61 $6 #)
c*mini 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Aamabos 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
malaccense 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
panic*lat*m 6&0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Tamarind*s
indica 0 T5 -G 1'&6168 #&
6)
Theobroma
cacao 1T
M-G
(&1' #8I1(0 F%
6(I1(0 C)
$ #&
1)
/+ni
molinae 6'D T5 -G 1'&611 #&
16)
accini*m
an+*stifoli*m 16 T5 MC $&6 #&
68)
ashei 16 T5 MC $ &1 #&
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6$)
corymbos*m 16 T5 MC $&6 #&
68)
itis
labr*sca 6'D CM MC 6&$&6 #&
68)
rot*ndifolia 6'D CM MC 6&$&; #&
61)
vinifera 6'D CM MC 6&$&; #&
61)
Ki3iph*s
A*A*ba 16&6' T? R7-G 1'&61&6 #&68)
ma*ritiana 16&6' T? R7-G 1'&616 #&
()
L Copyri+ht 1981%199(% California Rare Fr*it rowers% 5nc.*estions or comments Contact *s.
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