creating the right business climate for innovation – a co2 success story bruxelles oct 2009 torben...
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Creating the right business climate for innovation – A CO2 success story
Bruxelles OCT 2009
Torben M Hansen
The history of refrigerants in Denmark – back to the future Up to 1930: Ammonia, carbon dioxide, methylchloride, sulfur
dioxide … 1920-1980: Ammonia and ozone depleting refrigerant CFC’s
R11,R12 etc. 1980-1990: Ammonia and ozone depleting refrigerant: HCFC’s
R22 and others 1990-2006: Ammonia and heavy green house gasses: HFC’s
R404a, R134a, R407C and others 1996: The Ministers’ Vision: No use of synthetic refrigerants by
2006!!! 2000-2010: Ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydro carbons and still a
few HFC’s
The situation in refrigeration in 1996 General opinion of the industry
HFC is green – the Danish model is pure madness
Components: compressors, valves, heat exchangers, controls, line component, oil management etc… Few components were availible and only as prototypes
Know how Major uncertainty: Many indirect solutions were presented Mainly lab systems were in operation
Market strenght Danish market is too small to create a pull
Myths ”It will never work!”
Willingness Strong governmental (financial) support for development
and demonstration
Refrigerants and implications anno 1996
Natural refrigerants: Ammonia: Long experience, high skills, proven and efficient
solutions Flammable, poissonous, leaks cause irritation of respiratory Strong position in industrial systems
Hydrocarbon: The perfect drop in alternative – unfortunately very flammable
Carbon dioxide: Critical point low at 31C, very high pressure,no recent experience with lubriucation, material selections. Only few components, lots of safety issues.
Air: Joule cycle processes: low energy efficiency Water: theoretically very good cycle performance. Vacuum
operation, very high swept volumes required. No suitable compressors on the market.
There was single no obvious and easy solution
Ingredients to facilitate a success with natural refrigerants
Governmental support
-Strategic R&D programmes
-Funding of R&D and demonstrations
-Taxation of GWP equivalence
-Ban on undesired chemicals
Important single incidents/actions: GWP equivalent tax on
refrigerants Ban on all HFC charges > 10 kg
from jan. 2007
Important single incidents/actions: High pressure components Market break through in
commercial systems
Denmark 2009: How does it look
Natural refrigerants has been adapted widely Ammonia, hydrocarbon and carbondioxide
Many companies building and installing systems with natural refrigerant Pack builders: More than 20 Installers: probably 80% being capable to handle
natural refrigerants
Wide spreed use of HFC Multiple parallel units with less than 10 kg
R134a
Køl
CO2
Kaskade-anlæg
Frost
CO2 anlægTørkøler
Kaskadeveksler
Kondensator
Kølekom-pressor
Frostkom-pressor
CO2-pumpe
Køl
Frost
CO2
CO2
Kondensator HT-ventil
GBP-ventil
Kølekom-pressor
Frostkom-pressor
R134a
Køl
CO2
Brine-anlæg
Frost
Tørkøler
Kaskadeveksler
Kondensator
Kølekom-pressor
Frostkom-pressor
Brinepumpe
Brine (glykol)
Systems for supermarkets – trends of development
Energy consumption for simple single stage
By Transkritisk [MWh]
Subkritisk [MWh] Besparelse,transkritisk [%]
Stockholm 64,1 68,0 6København 65,5 69,1 5Amsterdam 70,6 72,0 2Berlin 72,9 72,9 0Paris 76,6 74,5 -3Lyon 80,8 77,0 -5Madrid 89,1 82,2 -8Marseille 91,9 83,1 -11Barcelona 93,1 83,1 -12Rom 95,0 85,0 -12
Reference: DTU, Technical University of Denmark (IPU)
CO2-emissions
Why has CO2 become a success in Northern Europe
No chemical hazard Low Carbon Footprint
Low energy consumption Low GWP of refrigerant emission
Simple system design Ease of use Similarity to traditional refrigerant system Low est total cost of installation compared to
alternatives
Tax on HFCs
CO2 market share is growing
CO2 has proven reliable and efficient
Supermarket applications has been the main market driver
Other applications are increasingly gaining market Light Industry Air conditioning Heat pumps
Some end users dedicated to carbon dioxide
Conclusion
Natural refrigerant solution exist Natural refrigerants can effectively reduce the carbon
footprint from refrigeration Northern climates: No HFC are necessary Warm climates represents a challenge
Coexististence of CO2 and HFC /HC may be an option
CO2 has proven a reliable and substainable solution in many application
About ADVANSOR www.advansor.dk ADVANSOR is specialized in CO2-technologies within the fields of
refrigeration and heat pumps
Founded 2006
ADVANSOR has 9 employees and a turnover of € 3½ mill.
ADVANSOR develops, manufacturers and sell projects within Combined Heating and Power Process industry Food industry Supermarkets
Our products are: Heat pumps 20-1500 kW Chillers / AC-systems 80-400 kW Supermarket refrigeration 6/15 – 50/250 kW Light commercial 100-1000 kW Costumer specified products Engineering, design, production of
series of 5-10 units
ADVANSOR’s productscompHEAT: High temperature heat pumpsAdvansor develops heat pump solutions dedicated to power plants and industrial applications. The heat pump produces hot water up to 90°C which enables direct pipe connection to the external district heating grid.
compBINE: Combined heating and coolingCombined heating and cooling - produce hot water up to 100°C and get ice water for free or counter wise. Advansor’s product line is highly suitable in connection with pasteurisation, CIP systems and other application in food industry where coinciding demands for heating and cooling exist. Combined heating and cooling saves both capital investment and energy cost.
compFORT: Chiller applications and AC systemsAdvansor offers highly compact air cooled chillers and AC systemsin the range from 100 to 400 kW. With natural refrigerant, no toxic risk and no flammability this is a safe and economical feasible choice.
compSUPER: Refrigeration applicationsAdvansor offers refrigeration systems (compressor rack’s) for supermarkets and other commercial/ industrial applications. The units work with as the only refrigerant. Main focus are placed on reliability, ease of service and low energy consumption.