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Creating South African Green Zones: urban history, antiquarianism

and the creation of urban boundaries in white South African

imagination, 1940s-1970s

Introduction

This paper is part of a comparative project on South African places and patriotisms that

focuses on the three main cities of Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg. Other closely

connected chapters (now in various stages of completion) will look at theatre of the

streets, whether parading or protests; city novels; working class memory and place;

places, ethnicity and protest; cities of the cinematic imagination; and the promotion of

places, whether by travel writers or tourism boards. There is still, as yet, very little

comparative urban history for South Africa.1

All of these, in their way, are about seeing how physical and perceived boundaries were

drawn within and between South African cities, and what meanings were ascribed to

places within such boundaries. In my understanding, urban boundaries may be imagined,

but there is constant interaction between what Giuliana Bruno has referred to as „a

constellation of imaginings‟ and „real‟, material, components such as kinship networks,

shared occupations, institutions and built or topographical features.2 Senses of bounded

place were derived both from above and below. Communities and communal identities

may have been imagined, but they were imagined in and related to real physical spaces,

whether these were perceived to be rural or urban. And even nationalisms were

constructed and maintained from clusters of parochial patriotisms, from senses of lived-

in, familiar places.

Our urban histories provide considerable insight into how this worked for white, largely

middle-class occupants of Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. Analyzing them

enables us to gain insight into how each city as a „whole‟, as well as particular parts of

these cities, were imagined by both writers and their readership, not least as Anglophone

South African places that were part of a British imperial world. In turn this enables us to

see how connections between physical urban space and the development and lived-in

senses of bounded places were constructed for such urban residents.

1 Review articles on South African urban historiography have also been relatively rare. They include:

G.Pirie, „South African Urban History‟, Urban History Yearbook (1985), 18-29; C.Saunders, Writing

Urban History: South Africa‟s Urban Past and other essays, (Pretoria, 1992), 3-68; Journal of Southern

African Studies 21, 1 (March 1995): Special Issue on Urban Studies and Urban Change in Southern Africa;

B.Freund, „Urban History in South Africa‟, South African Historical Journal 52 (2005), 19-31; and

V.Bickford-Smith, „Urban History in the New South Africa: continuity and innovation since the end of

apartheid‟, Urban History, (August 2008). 2 G.Bruno, Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film (New York, 2002), 27-8.



Urban Histories in Twentieth Century South African History

There are predictable problems of how to define what constituted an „urban history‟, but

it is possible to suggest a two-way divide: those books that one way or another attempt to

give a sense of the history of what was perceived to be the whole city, whether for a

particular period or throughout its existence; and a more inclusive definition that would

also encompass histories that -- by focusing on particular elements or urban institutions,

whether specific suburbs, schools, clubs, churches, personal memories of a residence –

manage indirectly to convey some sense of the city as a whole. Whether we use the first

formula or the second, a similar pattern seems to emerge – the burgeoning of such

histories after the Second World War, and particularly during the 1960s and 1970s

TABLE: „Whole‟ histories and histories of „elements or institutions‟ of Cape Town,

Durban and Johannesburg -- these are minimum numbers3

a)‟whole‟ histories‟ b)Histories of „elements or institutions‟

Pre-1900 2 2

1900-1910 2 2

1911-20 0 0

1921-30 5 7

1931-40 4 6

1941-50 7 11

1951-60 7 22

1961-70 20 52

1970-80 31 72

Part of the explanation for this phenomenal growth lies in the rapidly increasing size of

the white urban population from 35% of this racialized segment of the South African

population in the 1890s to 84% by 1960. Growth was fuelled not only by natural increase

but also by 250, 000 returning servicemen, many of whom were recipients of subsidized

government housing in the cities, and of immigration, particularly in the immediate post-

war years 1945 to 1948, and then again in the mid-1960s through to mid-1970s. The

urban history boom of the 1960s and 1970s was also facilitated by one of the most

sustained periods of economic growth in South African history. This gave the country the

second highest GDP growth rate in the world after Japan, growth curtailed in the 1970s

3 I would like to thank Eustacia Riley for her valuable assistance in compiling a bibliography of these

histories and discovering autobiographical details about their authors.



because of oil-price induced inflation, a faltering gold price and then the Soweto uprising

of 1976 and consequent disinvestment.4

But what also seems to be the case is that the urban history boom coincided with changes

in the built structure of South African cities, itself facilitated by the introduction of

systematic urban planning for the first time in South African cities. As Alan Mabin has

pointed out in several pioneering papers, this most obviously included not only the

growth of sky-scraper dominated Central Business Districts, and nearby high-rise

flatlands, but also the rapid suburbanization of South African cities.5 The latter, made

possible by the increasing availability of motor cars and motorway structures, was clearly

in keeping with trends in many parts of the industrial world. But this was suburbanization

with a particular South African twist. Around all three major South African cities came

the development of huge, low density suburbs, with minimum limits for plot sizes, and

the latter extending to several acres in some parts of Johannesburg and Cape Town. This

development was made possible not only by the greater general availability and

cheapness of land in South Africa (compared say to Britain or the United States) but also

because, as Mabin argues, greater land availability for white suburbia was in part a by-

product of apartheid urban planning that squeezed non-whites into contrastingly dense

suburbs that were further differentiated by being labeled „townships‟.

It will be argued that urban histories, and particularly what we will describe as the

„popular‟ varieties, helped create and maintain a sense of self-identity among particularly

Anglophone (English-speaking) white suburban residents. Urban histories helped supply

an imaginative boundary between these and other South Africans, a boundary

simultaneously being given a sharper physical dimension by racialised town planning.

Most dramatically, this took the form of the Group Areas Act (1953) and subsequent

forced removals over the next three decades of people designated as African, Indian and

Coloured from the vicinity of those deemed to be White. But in addition, English-

speaking white suburbanites were often clustered in particular parts of the three main

cities – the northern suburbs of Johannesburg; or the southern suburbs or Atlantic

Seaboard suburbs of Cape Town; or Durban „North‟ -- distinct from other areas in which

Afrikaans-speaking whites predominated.

In the 1980s, and with economic slow-down and the shock of low-level urban

insurrection from 1976 onwards, the number of popular urban histories diminished

4 D.Welsh, „The Growth of Towns‟ in M.Wilson and L.Thompson (eds.), The Oxford History of South

Africa vol 2, (Oxford, 1975), 172-244; C.Feinstein, An Economic History of South Africa: Conquest,

Discrimination and Development (Cambridge, 2005), 143-99. 5 A.Mabin, „Suburbs on the Veldt: Modern and Postmodern‟, (Unpublished paper, University of the

Witwatersrand, 2005). But there are two published pieces by Mabin on South African suburbanization that

contain much similar argument and material: A.Mabin, „Suburbs and Segregation in South African Cities:

A Challenge for Metropolitan Governance in the Early Twenty-First Century‟, in D.Varady (ed.),

Desegregating the City: Ghettos, No; Enclaves, Yes (New York, 2005), 221-32; A.Mabin,

„Suburbanisation, segregation, and government of territorial transformations‟ Transformation 57 (2005),

41-63.



rapidly. In their place, and largely unread in the suburbs, came the new neo-marxist

revisionist, academic histories. Most notable of these were Charles Van Onselen‟s New

Babylon, New Nineveh on the Rand, and Rob Turrell and Bill Worger on Kimberley. All

contained a focus on working-class history, racial discrimination, and the growth of class

consciousness during, or flowing from, the Mineral Revolution: the discovery of

diamonds (Kimberley) then gold (the Rand).6

But the focus of this paper is on the „old‟ histories. Drawing on Rosemary Sweet‟s work

on English eighteenth century urban histories, the first part aims to give some sense of

varieties of urban history.7 It suggests that in the case of twentieth century South Africa

there are two broad categories. The first consists of histories aimed at a relatively limited,

elite market, expensively priced, and written generally in serious style for the serious

minded, sometimes with overtly political purpose. The second comprised intentionally

more popular urban histories, relatively cheap, seldom explicitly political, full of

anecdotes, antiquities, animals, pioneering adventure, origins of place names and

descriptions of „queer folk‟.

The focus in the second part of the paper is on how urban histories constructed and

maintained senses of an overall white urban „us‟ and black – the apartheid term would

have been „non-white‟ – exotic „thems‟ across the three main cities.8 It also explores the

nature of distinct Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban „us‟ and „thems‟, and (in part

thereby) how urban histories helped create and maintain distinct senses of place for each

city.9 The overall intention of the paper is to explain why the content of these histories

may have had particular appeal to white suburban South Africans from the late 1940s to

the 1970s.

Broad Categories of Urban History

1)The relatively elite, serious-minded histories with limited readership

These histories were small in number, usually officially sanctioned and commercially

sponsored, and confined to expensive limited editions. Their authors included municipal

dignitaries like Alfred Honikman, town councillor and mayor of Cape Town, or John

Shorten (about whom, as yet, little personal detail has been uncovered) who wrote in

6 C. Van Onselen, Studies in the Social and Economic History of the Wiwatersrand, 1886-1914: New

Babylon, New Ninevah 2 vos., (Johannesburg, 1982); R.V.Turrell, Capital and Labour on the Kimberley

Diamond Fields, 1871-1890 (Cambridge, 1987); W.H.Worger, South Africa’s City of Diamonds: Mine

Workers and Monopoly Capitalism in Kimberley, 1867-1895, (Johannesburg, 1987).

7 R.Sweet, The Writing of Urban Histories in Eighteenth-Century England (Oxford, 1997).

8 „Black‟ is being used here to refer to South Africans racialised as „African‟ or „Native‟, „Indian‟ or

„Asian‟, or „Coloured‟. All of these categories have of course been historically and socially constructed. 9 My understanding of the concept „sense of place‟ draws on D.Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban

Landscapes as Public History (London and Cambridge MA, 1997) and T.Cresswell, Place: A Short

Introduction (Oxford, 2004).



close collaboration with municipal officials. Shorten procured official sanction for his

huge histories of Cape Town and Johannesburg. Authors also included serious-minded

amateur historians of various kinds: Hyman Picard, who had written an MA thesis on the

history of the Dutch East India Company; Cornelis Pama, member of various historical

societies including the Van Riebeeck Society, Van der Stel Foundation, the Heraldry

Society of Southern Africa and editor of Familia, the journal of the Genealogical Society

of South Africa; and R.F.M.Immelman, who was a librarian at the University of Cape

Town.

Relatively elite histories can themselves be divided into three sub-categories:

a)’Official’ histories

These were the smallest in number for our big three cities (many more were

commissioned for smaller towns and await their analyst). But two huge histories were

written by John Shorten on Cape Town (1963) and Johannesburg (1966). These were

brought out to commemorate the golden jubilee of the creation of the greater Cape Town

municipality (1913) and the eightieth anniversary of the discovery of substantial gold

deposits on the Witwatersrand (1886) that led to the growth of Johannesburg.10

Both Shorten‟s histories were written with the official sanction of the respective

municipal governments. Editorial committees were established for their production that

included municipal officials. In the case of Cape Town the committee included the city‟s

town clerk and its director of publicity. Both books were sponsored by most of the largest

companies in the city. Each was an expensive, limited edition, with the Johannesburg

book costing R21, or more than ₤10. They were published by companies set up expressly

for that purpose by John Shorten: Shorten and Smith for the Cape Town book, and John

R.Shorten (Proprietory) Ltd for its Johannesburg counterpart. Both were long, (654 pages

for Cape Town, 1159 for Johannesburg) expensive, detailed, and stylistically dull.

b)Semi-official histories

There were also only a couple of these. One, on Port Natal (i.e. Durban), was by Janie

Malherbe. Malherbe was described on the dust jacket as „the wife of the Vice-Chancellor

of Natal University‟ and her book was sponsored by thirty-three of Durban‟s leading

companies. The other „semi-official‟ history was an edited collection by Alfred

Honikman, who we have already described, and produced in a limited edition of 250

lavishly illustrated copies. Both books were cheaper than the two by Shorten, but more

expensive than the ordinary commercial popular histories. Yet both were produced by

one of the most successful popular publishers, Howard Timmins, and their content

perhaps reflects some of this influence. Certainly each contains some municipal history

(and in the case of the Honikman book, details of mayoral insignia). But far more

10

J.R.Shorten, Cape Town: The Golden Jubilee of Greater Cape Town (Cape Town, 1963); J.R.Shorten,

The Johannesburg Saga (Johannesburg, 1966).



attention is devoted both to non-municipal history and, in relative terms compared to the

Shorten volumes, to depictions of the two cities „today‟. And both books include chapters

on the history of the universities in the two cities.11

c) Non-official limited edition or small print-run ‘serious’ histories.

Early examples of this sub-category include Laidler‟s history of municipal government in

Cape Town and John Maud‟ s similarly themed history for Johannesburg, both published

in the 1930s. Also includable is Immelman‟s Men of Good Hope (1955), a history of the

Cape Town Chamber of Commerce published by that institution, that through this

„economic history‟ perspective provides a particular history of the Cape Town from the

early nineteenth century onwards.12

In general these histories themselves are more commercially minded than those of the

first two categories, but still relatively expensive because of their length, or the cost of

their illustrations, or both. For the 1960s and 1970s, there are several copiously and

expensively illustrated volumes on various periods of Cape Town‟s history by two

immigrants from the Netherlands writing in English, Cornelis Pama and Hyman Pickard.

Their titles give some sense of the content: Wagon Road to Wynberg; Gentleman’s Walk;

Grand Parade; Cape Epic; Vintage Cape Town; Regency Cape Town.13

The other main category, one that embraces the vast majority of publications is:

2)Popular Histories: Histories aimed at broad, popular market

These are aimed overtly at popular audiences, and predictably priced more cheaply.

Some, particularly certain titles by Lawrence Green and Eric Rosenthal, were hugely

successful and constituted one of the most extraordinary moments in the history of South

African publishing.14

But there was some overlap between our two main categories, in

terms of authorship, content and, to a lesser degree, intent. P.W. Laidler and Eric

Rosenthal, wrote both serious-minded, intended-for-limited-audience, histories as well as

work aimed at reaching a far wider white middle-class or lower middle-class readership.

11

J.Malherbe, Port Natal (Cape Town, 1965); A.H.Honikman (ed.), Cape Town: City of Good Hope (Cape

Town, 1966). 12

J.P.R.Maud, City Government: The Johannesburg Experiment (Oxford, 1938); P.W.Laidler, The Growth

and Government of Cape Town (Cape Town, 1938); R.F.M.Immelman, Men of Good Hope: the romantic

s t o r y o f t h e C a p e T o w n C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c e , 1 8 0 4 - 1 9 5 4 ( C a p e T o wn , 1 9 5 5 ) . 13

C.Pama, Vintage Cape Town: Historic houses and families in and around the old Cape (Cape Town and

Johannesburg, 1973); C.Pama, Regency Cape Town (Cape Town, 1975), this was a limited edition of 1500;

C.Pama, Bowler’s Cape Town: Life at the Cape in Early Victorian Times 1834-1868 (Cape Town, 1977)

C.Pama, Wagon Road to Wynberg (Cape Town, 1979), this was a limited edition of 800; H.W.J. Picard,

Gentleman’s Walk: The Romantic Story of Cape Town’s Oldest Streets, Lanes and Squares (Cape Town,

1968), this contains a „puff‟ from the then Mayor of Cape Town G.E.Ferry; H.W.J.Picard, Grand Parade:

The Birth of Greater Cape Town 1850-1913 (Cape Town, 1969); H.Picard, Cape Epic (Howick, 1977); 14

These popular histories are numerous, and listed (at least in part) in the bibliography at the end of this

paper – save when specific works are referred to.



For instance, Eric Rosenthal, who wrote a number of commissioned histories in limited

editions for commercial and industrial firms, also wrote – Schooners and Skyscrapers,

Fish Horns and Hansom Cabs, the Rand Rush (histories of Durban, Cape Town and

Johannesburg respectively) aimed overtly at a popular market.15

And, despite the

sponsorship by companies and the relative expensiveness of the book (R6.50 of just over

three pounds), the design and content of Janie Malherbe‟s book emulated much of the

narrative strategies and content of more single-mindedly popular histories, made her

work something of a hybrid.

What many of the writers of more decidedly popular histories had in common was that

they were either professional journalists or had written numerous articles for magazines.

This was certainly the case with Rosenthal, Paddy Cartwright and Lawrence Green, all of

whom knew or had worked with each other on newspapers, and was also the case with

T.V. Bulpin and Jose Burman. What each learnt was that there was a market for South

African antiquarianism. This antiquarianism included not only writing about (and often

exaggerating) the antiquity of South African cities, but also writing about antiquated

customs, eccentric characters, how streets or suburbs got their names and so on.

Collectively such work became known in South Africa as Africana –objects, including

books, of or about antiquity (and perhaps rarity).

Writers of popular histories came to believe that there was a market for their work from a

number of experiences and observations: from writing historical pieces for newspapers

and magazines that were well received or commissioned, from personal success and from

seeing the success of others. Thus Eric Rosenthal, journalist with the Rand Daily Mail

and a later magazine called Industry and Trade, wrote in his memoirs that he realized in

the 1930s that The Outspan Magazine (1930s to 1950s) -- for which he also wrote -- did

particularly well because it contained „South African material‟, and popularly-well

received material on the South African past. Similar reasons for success were attributed

to magazines such as The Countrymen and the South African Saturday Book, the latter

modeled on a successful English series of similar name. And a post-WW2 book by

Rosenthal, commissioned by The South African Railways and Harbours Board (who had

the task of promoting tourism in SA in the 1940s) called Old Time South African

Survivals (largely on elements of white town and village popular culture) sold the huge

number of 50,000 copies. The total white population at the time was only around 2

million.16

15

E.Rosenthal, Schooners and Skyscrapers (Cape Town, 1963); E.Rosenthal, The Rand Rush:

Johannesburg‟s first 25 years in pictures (Johannesburg, 1974); E.Rosenthal, Fishorns and Handsome Cabs:

Life in Victorian Cape Town (Johannesburg, 1977). 16

This information is largely gleaned from the published memoirs, autobiographies or biographies of some

of these writers, literature whose existence itself testifies to the way in which several through their work. In

Lawrence Green‟s case this included an early account of his life and how his career had developed.

L.G.Green, Where Men Still Dream (Cape Town, 1945), a work that begun his hugely (and mutually)

successful relationship with the publisher Howard Timmins; J.Yates-Benyon, Lawrence Green: Memories

of a Friendship (Cape Town, 1973); E.Rosenthal, Memories and Sketches: The Autobiography of Eric



Boundaries Created by Urban Histories

So what imaginative urban boundaries were depicted in these urban histories? Drawing

on ideas contained in Sweet‟s study, it is also true for South African urban histories that

there was considerable variety according to such criteria as the differing politics, gender

(not applicable in the eighteenth century English case; all writers there were male), and

origins of individual authors, their different entrepreneurial strategies and intended

audiences, and the differing functions of towns they are describing.17

There was also, of

course, variation explicable by the particular historical contexts in which individual

histories were written. From considerations of length, this paper will attempt to illustrate

these points through the examples of Shorten‟s Johannesburg, Malherbe‟s Durban and

Lawrence Green‟s Cape Town. A major focus will be the attempt to explore, and attempt

to explain, the imaginative boundaries of „us‟ and „thems‟ each writer constructs for their

respective city.

1)Shorten’s The Johannesburg Saga (1966)

In Shorten‟s history of Johannesburg there is a tripartite structural divide of content: an

overview historical section; then a detailed chronicles of the activities of each municipal

department; but with the latter interspersed with inserts describing the growth and success

of particular industrial and commercial companies.

The „us‟ in Shorten‟s book is the white elite past and present. But by implication this is

the non-Afrikaner nationalist white elite, predominantly English-speaking white South

Africans who should be proud of their city and its role in the making of modern South

Africa. Shorten, unlike many of the popular urban history writers, makes at least some

overt political statements. He was writing in the aftermath of Sharpeville, the first

national State of Emergency (both 1960), South Africa becoming a republic, and its

withdrawal from the Commonwealth (both 1961). Shorten‟s momunental history is a

witness to Johannesburg‟s successful modernity despite the vicissitudes of national

affairs.

In the introduction, he criticizes the South African electoral system that favoured rural

(implicitly pro-Afrikaner Nationalist) constituencies, and the „unsympathetic attitude to

Johannesburg‟ that consequently elected central governments supposedly demonstrated to

the city „lest it should become a state within a state‟.18

Despite this, citizens could be

proud of their city. Johannesburg was still „the financial, commercial and industrial hub‟

of the country. Shorten criticizes those „in Johannesburg as in any other city…who are so

opposed to the existing order of things that they will resort to violence and sabotage in an

Rosenthal with drawings by the author (Johannesburg, 1973); J.Burman, The Man in my Boots (Cape

Town, 1994). 17

Sweet, The Writing of Urban Histories. 18

Shorten, Johannesburg Saga, vi.



endeavour to intimidate the government and overthrow the state‟.19

And he dismisses the

sixty-nine African deaths at Sharpeville as the result of intimidating „war-cries‟ and

„abuse hurled at police‟, citing the official commission of enquiry to this effect and

despite the fact that many of the dead had been shot in the back.20

The book predictably tells the tale of the positive contributions to the building of the

modern city made by mining magnates, captains of industry more generally, municipal

councillors, leading officials, and politicians. It gives prominent place in this history to

the contributions made specifically by Anglophone white South Africans, whose place in

Afrikaner nationalist historical discourse was downplayed or often portrayed in negative

ways. In other words prominence was given to people with whom most of the sponsors

and readers of these urban histories could identify in social and perhaps familial terms,

thereby promoting and buttressing their self-identity as white English-speaking South

Africans. And this identity was given a physical dimension by residence in mansions in

the predominantly English-speaking, expensive and expansive northern suburbs like

Westcliffe, Houghton, Parktown, Sandton and Bryanston. Histories written in more

popular style that related the early history of Johannesburg, including the history of some

of these suburbs, and of particular „old‟ homesteads, contributed to this end.

Shorten‟s history is a highly detailed chronicle of progress and improvement – of laying

out of streets, construction of buildings, and provision of services – and of naming

(sometimes simply of listing the names) of who were responsible. And it is dull. A

snippet will suffice:

On the 13th

of September the President‟s private secretary, F.C.Eloff, selected the site

for the office of Mining Commissioner. This site lay on the northern side of present-

day Market Street, a little to the west of Sauer street. A week later, Eloff reported that

work on the building had already begun and that the survey of the square and of the

government stands was also in hand.21

And on and on it goes. There is a particular emphasis in the historical section on the

accomplishments of the pioneers, especially the mining magnates and early city officials:

of the just over 400 pages in this section, 337 deal with the period up to 1922, and only

32 pages with the period 1945 to 1966. White workers are largely ignored, or depicted as

dangerous communist agitators in the case of those who participated in the Rand Revolt

of 1922.

The rest of Johannesburg‟s population is even more marginal to Johannesburg‟s history.

And particular groups are specifically categorized as distinct from „us‟ by being

racialised as African, Indian or Coloured „thems‟, even if the descriptions attached are

not necessarily overtly negative. Shorten describes such residents of Johannesburg

19

Ibid., 411. 20

Ibid., 400. 21

Ibid., 83-4.



collectively as a „great mass of useful people‟. But their appearance in the book is

fleeting, largely confined to pages 390-93 and 755-765. Indeed Coloured and Asian

residents are dealt with in only four paragraphs on page 765. All of „them‟ are depicted as

recipients of the civilization and progress -- in terms of receipt of housing, services and

amenities -- brought by „us‟, white wealth generators, employers and ratepayers. The

particular instrument through which „we‟ confer benefits is the Non-European Affairs

Department (NAD) of the municipal council. Soweto is „the great 26 square-mile

complex of Native townships to the south-west of Johannesburg,…a credit to the city‟s

social conscience and a living example of how a positive programme can overtake a

massive backlog of past neglect‟.22

By implication, Soweto and its residents are not to be

included as citizens of Johannesburg. But all this municipal munificence, put into

practical manifestation by the NAD, was successfully maintaining „racial harmony‟.

Lavish illustrations of offices in the financial quarter, parks, museums, skyscrapers, Jan

Smuts airport, and a military parade outside the city hall help reassure both Johannesburg

readers, and perhaps potential contacts among foreign investors, that all is well in this

modern metroplis.

2)Janie Malherbe’ Port Natal (1965) – Durban

Malherbe‟s history of Durban is also a story of progress with a clear delineation between

an „us‟ and a „them‟. Given its cost, a relatively expensive R6.75 (more than ₤3), and its

sponsorship by thirty-three leading companies, the book‟s readership was still likely to

have been the city‟s social elite, despite its production and marketing by a commercial

publisher (Howard Timmins). And there is a seemingly similar sense of racialised „us‟

and „thems‟ to that of Shorten‟s book, albeit with a more overt distinction from the start

between British and Afrikaner pioneers who eventually combine into the „us‟. The

description from the dust jacket of the book, and the cover illustrations (overhead), will

hopefully suffice to give a sufficient sense of this.

The author tells how from the early years of the last century the “Seatrekkers” [i.e.the

British Settlers] and the Voortrekkers [the Afrikaners], indispensably helped by

faithful non-whites, were conjoined in a pioneer community, sharing hardships and

fun, and building up what is today the burgeoining, multi-racial city of Durban with

nearly 700, 000 inhabitants – the Mecca of tourists and holiday-makers, and largest

seaport in Africa.

Yet the fact of commercial publication, and the gender of the book‟s author, as well as

the last sentence of the dust-jacket description, begins to explain some of the differences

in Port Natal‟s style and content. There is a much greater attempt at what the author

deems to be popular content, style and packaging. So in many ways this book has much

more in common with the cheaper popular urban histories. One of these commonalities is

the stress on antiquity and antiquities: on conveying both a highly exaggerated sense of

22

Ibid., 392.



the antiquity of „civilized‟ – meaning non-African -- contact and settlement in the

geographical area of modern Durban, but also in the obsessive chronicling of „firsts‟.

The opening chapter of Malherbe‟s books describes the legends and documented

accounts of Port Natal‟s „First Civilized Visitors‟, beginning with the supposed arrival of

Pheonicians in 700BC, before moving on to the Portuguese and, in the second chapter,

discussing the first Dutch settlement that lasted from 1685-87. The first „permanent‟

white settlement is then dated to the formal claim made by a tiny group of British ivory

traders and adventurers in 1824. Yet, as Malherbe‟s onw account reveals, the settlement

was temporarily abandoned to a Zulu force in 1838. The Zulus killed the few settlers who

stayed, and – a detail omitted in Malherbe‟s history -- dressed their corpses in women‟s

„gowns and stockings‟, shawls, waistbands, blankets and sheets‟– not exactly in this case

the actions it would seem of „faithful non-whites‟.23

And settlement remained tiny and

insecure for the next five years. After some of those who had run away returned, they

were subsequently besieged, and almost over-run, by the Voortrekkers in 1842 -- before

decisive imperial British intervention created the colony of Natal the following year.

So part of Malherbe‟s effort at building pride in Durban was to exaggerate its antiquity.

And part of giving its white citizens a sense of heritage, belonging and achievement was

to combine antiquarianism with a story of progress. This involved separate, reasonably

short chapters, chronicling a seemingly endless number of „firsts‟ and when they

happened, then tracing the history of these events, forms of transport, particular

inhabitants or structures to the present: Durban‟s first own military regiment; the first

Durban July race meeting; the first Grand Balls; the first agricultural show; the first

steamships; the first railway; the first Indian immigrant; the first hospital; the first bridge

over the Umgeni; the first theatre; or the first air flights. But descriptions and illustration

give far more attention to women, if particularly white women, in the city‟s past than

most urban histories written by men. Thus we have illustrations of female guests arriving

at the Grand Balls, a mid-nineteenth century sketch of a „little girl‟s dress‟, many of

nurses and matrons at the city‟s main hospital, and a photograph of Mrs Lily Martin, the

first woman in the world to fly a plane, who was born in Durban.24

„They‟, in the form of people described as Indians and Zulus, are predictably almost as

marginal to this story as „Non-Europeans‟ were in Shorten‟s account. Four of the three

hundred or so pages are spent describing the coming of Indian immigrants to the city,

albeit that some of this is in the form of how such immigration was intended to alleviate

local labour shortages (especially in sugar plantations); and two pages relate „African

Endeavour and Enterprise‟. Yet, unlike in Shorten‟s Johannesburg saga, at least in these

pages some of „them‟ are given names, and shown as being not dissimilar to „us‟: Miss

Naidoo, who we are told is studying to become a doctor at Dublin University, but who

will bring her skills back to help her local community; or Mr Mathis Mathemba and

family, examples of the emergence of a successful black business sector consisting

23

Rosenthal, Schooners and Skyscrapers, 60. 24

Malherbe, Port Natal, 69, 99, 193.



largely of building contractors and bottle store owners in the townships, shown in their

bright new motor car.25

But more prominent, both in size and frequency of illustration,

are Indians in Saris (including Miss Naidoo) and half-naked Zulus, particularly in the

form of Zulu dancers or Ricksha boys.

Images of exotic difference, as well as detailed narration of a pioneer history replete with

military conflict between settlers and Zulus, helps preserve the imaginative boundary

between „us‟ and „them‟. Clearly „our‟ history, culture and achievements are constantly

given greater prominence and validation. And residence in separate places – whether in

white suburbs such as Berea whose history is related; or in modern township housing

provided by „us‟ that has rescued „them‟ from shanties – only serves to give salience to

the imagination of separate collective self-identities.

3)Lawrence Green – Tavern of the Seas (1947) and other books on Cape Town up to

the 1970s.

Lawrence Green began writing books describing his travels around Africa while still a

journalist in the 1930s. Their titles – the likes of Coast of Treasures, Great African

Mysteries, Secret Africa, Strange Africa and Old Africa Untamed -- begins to give one

some sense of the particular narrative style and content that he brought to his post-World

War Cape Town books, and that gained him such success, especially with South African

suburban readers.26

This included combining tales of mystery and adventure with a sense

of the space and supposedly virgin wilderness of Africa that was not just about producing

stereotypes of exotic „otherness‟, as it has become commonplace to argue in academic

postcolonial discourse. It would also seem to be about conjuring up visions for readers

within a „British world‟ – whether in Britain or later suburban South Africa – that

implicitly contrasted Africa as a place of possibilities in implicit contrast to Europe when

the latter could seem (at least in some ways) to be the „Dark Continent‟.27

Such may also

in part have explained the enduring appeal for Europeans through much of the twentieth

century of visual and written narratives of „Bushmen‟.28

Green thought a great deal about the marketing of his work. When back in South Africa

after the Second World War, he devised the post-1945 strategy of bringing out only one

book a year (even if he had in fact written more than one). The idea was that his public

would get used to buying an annual Lawrence Green. He saw this as a way in which they

25

Ibid., 102-6, 267-9. 26

L.G.Green, The Coast of Treasure (London and New York, 1933); L.G.Green, Great African Mysteries

(London, 1935); L.G.Green, Secret Africa (London, 1936); L.G.Green, Strange Africa (London,. 1938);

L.G.Green, Old Africa Untamed (London,. 1940). 27

M.Mazower, The Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century (New York, 2000). 28

L.van Vuuren, „The Great Dance: myth, history and identity in documentary film representation of the

Bushmen, 1925-2000‟ (PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006).



– the middling suburban sort -- could collect Africana that would gradually increase in

value. Green also gave particular attention to the titling and cover illustrations of his

books, produced by his friend and publisher Howard Timmins.29

The vast majority of his books were on Cape history, with four on Cape Town history

including his best ever seller, Tavern of the Seas (that sold 50,000 copies). Green became

one of the best-selling authors in South African history, with 750, 000 books sold -- and

as such was up there (or perhaps down there?) in terms of sales with other best-selling

South African non-fiction authors of all time such as Laurens van der Post, if somewhat

behind historical novelist and fellow Capetonian Wilbur Smith. It seems certain that in

terms of copies sold to South Africans, he was considerably ahead of van der Post, as

well as more serious later novelists such as Nadime Gordimer and J.M.Coetzee.

Perhaps one reason for his success were absences: his books contained no overt politics

and, partly connected to this absence of course, they made little attempt to explain change

over time in any coherent way, albeit that there was the implicit suggestion that history

(including the history of towns) was made by individuals. Green‟s Cape Town books

were, perhaps unusually for urban histories, thematically rather than chronologically

ordered, moved backwards and forwards between the present and the past, and contained

numerous chapters of seemingly disconnected themes: from the Cape Town weather, to

the New Year carnival, to „snakes, spiders, and scorpions‟, to the history of lighthouses,

to old recipes, to how streets and suburbs got their names, and what had happened in

them „long ago‟. In South Africa we have referred to this, rightly or wrongly, as

antiquarian history – a history little interested in causation, but immensely interested in

the antiquated, the odd, the remarkable, and the eccentric: „queer folk and customs‟ as

Green himself put it, not in the modern sense of the terms.

This was nostalgic history, nostalgic yearning for the Cape Town of Green‟s youth, yet

the narrative was interspersed with considerable dark tourism of the more distant past, the

past beyond Green‟s (and most of his readers‟) living memory. Such touring could give

the reader some comforting sense of positive elements of progress. Green‟s narrative

technique was to position himself as a lonely, wandering, Africa-hand guide to the

wonders and mysteries of the town and its setting calculated to appeal to newcomers,

tourists and longer term residents alike – now apparently disconnected from „history‟ in

new low density suburban developments, high-rise flats in Sea Point or modern office

blocks on the reclaimed foreshore alike. The inclusion of mystery and adventure, and the

sense of Cape Town as a place comfortingly returned to, may have also been not only a

product of his own considerable journeying,. It may also have beeno calculated to appeal

to many of his (particularly male) readership with similar experience of war-time „exile‟,

and concomitant difficulties of settling down to suburban existence.

In this respected Green‟s books provided a sense of place, not necessarily derived – as

Tuan might have it – from childhood experience.30

Green guided the reader around Cape

29

Yates-Benson, Lawrence Green 141-57, 175-201.



Town and the Cape Peninsula, its built structures, flora, fauna and topography, reminding

or informing his readers of how spaces were places. In particular he provided history, and

thereby a sense of place and self-identity, to residents of Anglophone suburbs from Sea

Point to Simonstown, and to the streets and old buildings in or near they worked in the

city centre. Seeing, let alone understanding, the heritage and history the latter contained

was now threatened by the ravages of modernization -- especially new motorways,

skyscrapers and the ahistorical, spiritless foreshore that disconnected the old town from

the sea – but also, implicitly, the further damage wrought by apartheid.

This is how Tavern of the Seas begins:

It is a sweltering evening before New Year and there is music in Somerset Road.

Often enough the road is harsh and littered with human wreckage, but tonight there is

music. These violins and guitars are played by coloured men, a small band of coons

rehearsing for their carnival. Something in the singing makes me stand and listen. This

is Cape Town‟s own music, and tonight the note is plaintive. As they march on to their

vague destination the men turn into an alley and the music fades. I can no longer

visualize them, for it was long ago; yet the memory lingers. They carry centuries with

them as their melody blends with the moonlight….it seems as though the soul of Cape

Town moves with the troubadours and their music. All the many races that have

mingled to form Cape Town‟s coloured population are there with the musicians…It as

though the slaves are singing for their freedom.31

As this passage perhaps suggests, Green has a more complicated „us‟ and „them‟ than

many of the other writers of urban history. Certainly Green‟s „us‟ includes both Dutch (if

not so much Afrikaner) Capetonians and British. And writing in British characters and

achievements again gives heritage to, and supports, anglophone suburban self-worth and

self-identity. It is also true that in these opening sentences coloured Capetonians are

immediately depicted as not „us‟, the very racialisation of people as coloured says as

much. In this book, and others, coloured Capetonian culture is largely reduced to the

carnival or Cape Malay customs and material culture: exotic wedding ceremonies,

burials, clothes, magical practices and the picturesque place „they‟ live in: the Malay

Quarter. Yet particular elements of shared culture are acknowledged, most obviously

food and music. And such Capetonians are clearly acknowledged to be both properly

Capetonian, properly part of the city, citizenship sunsequently threatened by apartheid

legislation. „They‟, in Green‟s work, are part of Cape Town‟s essence.

But then so too are particular flora and fauna. And it remains the case that if a sense of

Cape Town is inclusive of at least the coloured population, albeit not perhaps black

Africans, „they‟ still live – and always have -- in „their‟ parts, „we‟ in ours. And „we‟ are

appealed to, and thus partly defined, as the white adventurer that Green appears as in his

books, and that Laurens van der Post did in his: hunter, traveler, explorer, someone who

30

Y.Tuan, Space and Place: The Perspectives of Experience (Minneapolis, 1977). 31

L.G.Green, Tavern of the Seas (Cape Town, 1947), 1-2



knows black Africans of varying descriptions, knows „them‟ and „their customs‟.32

And

in the low density, more rus than urbs suburbs, it could still be possible for many of his

readers to identify with such a narrator, to see themselves partly in such terms – whether

braaing meat over the coals in leafy and substantial suburban gardens, or reading Green

while holidaying in the vastness of the Kruger Park or on wild beaches, perhaps on the

Wild Coast itself. And even those just moved from Woking to Wynberg could aspire to

such self-image.

Some conclusions

Undoubtedly contributing to the appeal of the popular urban histories was the absence in

the suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s of many other distractions or entertainments. Perhaps

particularly notable was the absence of television until 1976, and the growth only around

that time of suburban malls and cinema complexes. And it seems likely that the urban

uprisings that began that year in Soweto and simmered into low-level civil war

throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, partly diminished the ability of the „old‟ urban

histories to continue to provide such plausible myths of place and self-identity.

Whether this was their conscious intent or not, these histories collectively had bolstered

both local and national identity. They built a sense of pride in being of Johannesburg, or

of Cape Town, or of Durban. Indeed, collectively, they provide actual or future elements

of destination branding partially defined by the presence of „them‟: Cape Town as the

mother city of white South Africa, Cape Dutch architecture, the wine industry, fishing,

sophisticated culture, old families and their homesteads, Cape Malays and their colourful

Cape Malay Quarter, Coloured Capetonians and their colourful New Year Carnival;

Durban as the place of Zulus, Zulu dances, colourful Indian markets, and Ricksha boys;

Johannesburg distinguished by the fact that „they‟ have largely been airbrushed out save

as useful labourers so that the city is the place of gold, mining magnates, mining

magnates‟ houses, the miracle of a city rising from tents on open veldt in a matter of a

few years, a place of energy, speculation, the financial and commercial heart of South

Africa.

But theses histories also demonstrated that the cities, and thus their citizens, were part of

and touched by national and internationals events. So whether in a single chapter or more

substantially, most if not all relate how the cities fared during key perceived moments of

national or international history, especially times of war. They also contain stories of

remarkable visitors. These include royalty, famous writers, singers, actors, or politicians

(Prince Alfred to Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret; Gracie Fields; Winston Churchill,

Bernard Shaw and so on).

32

J.D.F.Jones, Storyteller: the many lives of Laurens van der Post (London, 2001). See also L.van Vuuren,

„Laurens van der Post and Bushmen in the Television Series Lost World of the Kalahari (1958)‟ South

African Historical Journal 48 (May 2003), 47-60.



To this extent they had a similar dual purpose to many of the urban histories of

eighteenth century England analyzed by Rosemary Sweet, and they grew in number after

the middle of a century that saw South Africa (like Britain in the eighteenth) become a

Union, and that Union participate in foreign wars. It was also a century for South Africa

during which urbanization proceeded at a similar rate to that of eighteenth century

Britain. But there was also of course a particular South African element to these histories.

Clearly this is so in imaginative boundaries drawn between racialised „us‟s and „thems‟.

But it is also true of the particular way in which the „us‟ decisively includes, indeed

forefronts, anglophone South Africans. In doing so, as we have argued, these urban

histories establish, or re-establish for immigrants or anglophone urbanites of several

generations standing, the role of anglophone, British imperial citizens in the making of

South Africa. This was a role threatened by much of the rhetoric of Afrikaner nationalism

after 1948, and with South Africa‟s withdrawal from the commonwealth in 1961. Part of

what these histories do is to assert also that the main cities are made in large part by

British South Africans, defined in white kith-and-kin terms, and are places where Britsih

South Africans belong, and have a right to belong. The contribution of the Dutch or

Afrikaners is acknowledged, but the main architects of modern urban culture, progress

and improvement are largely identified as British. This is a self confidence rudely

threatened once again after 1994.

PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY: PUBLICATIONS BY CITY (from about 1920 until

roughly 1980) – there will be both some subtractions from, and additions to, this

bibliography and thereby to what is included in the compilation of the table. Predictably

only some of the works below were included in said compilation. My thanks to my

research assistant, Eustacia Riley, for help in its compilation.

CAPE TOWN

Boucher, Maurice. The University of the Cape of Good Hope and the University of South

Africa, 1873-1946: a study in national and imperial perspective. Pretoria: Govt. Printer,

1974.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Not to Rust Unburnished: the memoirs of Frank Rosslyn

Bradlow, 1913-2000. Cape Town: [s.n.], 2002. [art and cultural historian, journalist by profession, Thomas Bowler specialist, member of Van Riebeeck

Society, one-time editor of Cape Argus]

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. The Van Riebeeck Society: 1918-1978. Cape Town: Van

Riebeeck Society, 1978.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. '80 years of change: an overview of the Cape Jewish

Community'. Cape Town: South African Jewish Board of Deputies, 1984.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. The Cape Times Annual: a picture of more leisurely times. In:

1876-1976:.



Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Africana books and pictures: a selection of published papers.

Cape Town: A.A.Balkema, 1975 [Partial contents: Sidney Mendelssohn, a short biography - The great anti-convict meeting in Cape

Town; four pictures in the Fehr collection - The production of Africana prints by lithography.]

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Baron von Ludwig and the Ludwig‟sburg Garden: a chronicle

of the Cape from 1806 to 1848 with an appendix showing some of the horticultural

introductions of Baron von Ludwig. Cape Town: A. A. Balkema, 1965. [Botanical history]

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Bowler‟s four views of Cape Town. Facsimile reproductions of

the original lithographs, with a new introduction by Frank R. Bradlow. Cape Town: A.A.

Balkema, 1966.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn & Margaret Cairns. The early Cape Muslims: a study of their

mosques, genealogy and origins. Cape Town: A.A. Balkema, 1978.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn & Edna Bradlow. Here comes the Alabama: the career of a

Confederate raider. Cape Town: A.A. Balkema, 1958.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Thomas Bowler: his life and work. With the collaboration of

Edna Bradlow, and a foreword by Dr. William Fehr. Cape Town: Amsterdam Balkema,

1967.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn. Glebe Cottage Wynberg and its artists, 1962. Quarterly

Bulletin, SA Library.

Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn & Edna Bradlow. Thomas Bowler of the Cape of Good Hope:

his life and works with a catalogue of extant paintings. With a commentary on the Bowler

prints by A. Gordon-Brown. Cape Town: A.A.Balkema, 1955.

Breytenbach, Cloete & Brian Barrow. The Spirit of District Six. Cape Town: Purnell,

1970. [photos by Breytenbach]

Brock, B.B. & B.G. Brock. Historical Simon's Town: vignettes, reminiscences and

illustrations of the harbour and community. Cape Town: Balkema on behalf of the

Simon's Town Historical Society, 1976.

Bulpin, T.V. Tavern of the sea: the story of Cape Town, Robben Island and the Cape

Peninsula.

Bulpin, T.V. The Cape Peninsula. Cape Town: Mobil, 1974.

Bulpin, T.V. The Cape Province: its scenery and people. Cape Town: Howard Timmins,

1960.

Bulpin, T.V. South west Cape: including Cape Town, Cape Peninsula and the winelands.

Cape Town: Reader's Digest Association SA, 1983.

Burman, Jose. The Cape of good intent. Human & Rosseau: Cape Town & Pretoria, 1969 [On the fairest Cape.]

Burman, Jose. Safe to the sea. Human & Rosseau: Cape Town, 1962. [Rivers of the Cape with history.]

Burman, Jose. The bay of storms: Table Bay, 1503-1860. Cape Town: Human &

Rousseau, 1976.

Burman, Jose. Peninsula profile: a guide to the fairest Cape. Nelson & sons: London etc.

Burman, Jose. Cape Drives and places of interest, 1975.

Burman, Jose. The False Bay story. Human & Rosseau: Cape Town & Pretoria, 1977.



Buttner, JD. Accounts of the Cape. Cape Town, 1970.

Cairns, Margaret. The Athenaeum Newlands: some aspects of its story. Cape Town:

Historical Society, 1980.

Cape Times. 1876-1976: The Cape Times centenary supplement, March 27, 1976. Cape

Town: Cape Times, 1976. [Partial contents: Cape Town 100 years ago, by Edna Bradlow; A nursery for writing talent, by George

Aschman; A remarkable team and a remarkable period, by Laurens van der Post; The Cape Times Annual:

a picture of more leisurely times, by Frank R. Bradlow; A century of tradition, by Gerald Shaw; Some

newspaper companions by Dudley D‟Ewes] Cape trams: from horse to diesel. Devised, written and produced by Fraser Gill and

Associates. Cape Town Cape Electric Tramways Ltd. 1961.

Castle of Good Hope, 1679-1979/Kasteel De Goede Hoop, 1679-1979. [Cape Town]:

National Monuments Council, [1979].

Chubb, Elsie Mary. The Early years of school medical inspection in the Cape Province.

S.I. Cape Town 1954.

Coates, P.R. Track and trackless, omnibuses and trams in the Western Cape. Cape Town,

1976.

Collier, Joy. Joy Colliers's Cape. Cape Town: Purnell, 1976.

Collier, Joy. Ou Kaapstad. Kaapstad: Nasionale Boekhandel, 1961.

Collier, Joy. Portrait of Cape Town. Cape Town: Longman, 1961. [same as Ou Kaapstad]

Compton, R.H. Kirstenbosch, garden for a nation. Cape Town, 1965.

Cook, Mary Alexander. Die Koopmans de Wet-huis. Kaapstad SA Kultuurhistoriese

Museum, 1967.

Craig, JF. The tavern of the seas. Cape Town: United Tobacco Cos., Westminster

Tobacco Co., Policansky Bros., 1939 [1949]. [Also published in Afrikaans as 'Die Herberg van die see' (Cape Town, The United Tobacco Cos.,

n.d., but ca. 1935), which offers, among other things, a history of the harbor works in Table Bay and

the Foreshore Project, which transformed Cape Town in the 1930s.]

Cunningham, Anna. Selected records of the Archbishops of Cape Town. Johannesburg:

University of the Witwatersrand, Library, 1977.

De Klerk, Andries Johannes. Leeuwenhof: die kronieke van 'n Kaapse herehuis.

Kaapstad: Balkema, 1954.

de Kock, Victor. The fun they had! Howard B. Timmins, Cape Town, 1955. [Sport, entertainment, at the Cape.]

de Kock, Victor. Our three centuries, compiled at the request of the Central Committee.

for the Van Riebeeck Festival Cape Town 1952, Cape Times Limited.

De Villiers, Simon A. Robben Island. Struik: Cape Town, 1971.

Du Plessis, Izak Dav. The Cape Malays: history, religion, traditions, folk tales, the Malay

Quarter. [3rd

edition] Cape Town: Balkema, 1972.

Fehr, William. Treasures at the Castle of Good Hope/ Skatte in die Kasteel De Goede

Hoop. Cape Town: Board of Trustees, Castle Art Collection in collaboration with

Nasionale Boekhandel, 1966. [2nd

ed.]

Fehr, William. Die Burger Raad - en Waghuis: sy plek in die geskiedenis van

Kaapstad/The Old Town House: its place in the history of Cape Town. Geskryf op

versoek van die Raad van Trustees van die Michaelis - versameling en van die Stadsraad

van Kaapstad deur William Fehr/Written at the request of the Board of Trustees of the



Michaelis Collection and of the Council of the City of Cape Town. Kaapstad: Raad van

Trustees van die Michaelisversameling, 1955.

Fiftieth anniversary number, November 1st, 1926: fifty years of the Cape Times 1876-

1926. Cape Town: Cape Times, 1926.

Finch, J. R. The Cape of Good Hope: being the official handbook of the City of Cape

Town. Cape Town: Municipality, [1920?]. [also: Cape Town: City of C.T. & Publicity

Dept. of Railways & Harbours Admin., {1919?}]

Fitzroy, V.M. Down to earth, Howard Timmins, Cape Town, 1952. [A girl‟s memories of Nooitgedacht, Gardens c1915.]

Fitzroy, V.M. When the slave bell tolled, Howard Timmins, Cape Town, 1970.

Fitzroy, V.M. Mornings at seven. London: Timmins for G. Allen & Unwin, [1948?]. [Cape Town: anecdotes as youth]

Fitzroy, V.M. Eat and Be Merry : a book about people and food. Cape Town: H.

Timmins for G. Allen & Unwin, [195-?]. [includes Cape food]

Franck, Bruce; George Manuel & Denis Hatfield. District Six. Cape Town: Longmans,

1967 [1968 printing].

Geyser, Ockert. Die Ou Hooggeregshofgebou. Kaapstad: Tafelberg, 1958. [Old Supreme Court Building.]

Graham Botha, C. Social life and customs in the Cape Colony. 1972. [Union archivist]

Green, Lawrence G. Tavern of the Seas. Howard Timmins: Cape Town, 1947.

Green, Lawrence G. A taste of south-easter : memories of unusual Cape Town

characters, queer shops and shows, old bars, hotels ... panorama of the streets. Howard

Timmins: Cape Town, 1971.

Green, Lawrence G. Thunder on the Blaauwberg: a book of rare, strange and curious

episodes inspired by a storm: personal experiences, encounters with unusual characters,

mysteries and legends. Howard Timmins: Cape Town, 1966.

Green, Lawrence G. Growing lovely, growing old: the story of Cape Town‟s three

centuries - the streets, the houses, the characters, the legends, traditions and folklore, the

laughter and tears. Cape Town: Howard B. Timmins, 1951.

Green, Lawrence G. So high the road: mountain passes of the Western Cape. Cape Town:

Human & Rousseau, 1963.

Green, Lawrence G. I heard the old men say: secrets of the Cape that has vanished and

little-known dramas on the fringe of living memory, illustrated by Leng Dixon. Cape

Town: H. Timmins, 1964.

Green, Lawrence G. When the Journey's Over: an incorrigible old wanderer's memories

of travel in the Cape and far beyond the Cape: life in cities and solitudes: rare, strange

and curious experiences. Cape Town: Timmins, 1972.

Green, George Alfred Lawrence. An editor looks back: South African and other

memories, 1883-1946. With an introduction by Field-Marshall the Right Hon. J.C. Sauts.

Cape Town: Juta, 1947. [Lawrence Green‟s father; this includes a press history of Cape Times and Cape Argus]

Greenland, Cedryl. Before we forget: the story of Fish Hoek. [Self-published], 1966.



Grogan, Tony. Tony Grogan's vanishing Cape Town. Text by Brian Barrow. Cape Town:

Don Nelson, 1976.

Heap, Peggy. The story of Hottentots Holland. (1977)

Heller, David. A history of Cape silver: 1700-1870. Cape Town: David Heller, 1949.

Henshilwood, Norah G. A Cape Childhood. David Philip: Cape Town, 1972.

Henshilwood, Norah G. All these under a summer sun. Cape Town Paul Koston 1947. [CT, description, social life]

Hewitt, A.G. Cape cooking: simple yet distinctive.

Historic Simon's Town: notes for the information and guidance of visitors. Compiled by

members of the Simon's Town Historical Society. Simonstown: Simon's Town Historical

Society, 1969.

Honikman, A.H. (ed.) Cape Town: City of Good Hope. Howard Timmins, Cape Town

1966.

Hughes, Betty. Walking through history. Cape Town: Howard Timmins, 1972. [A record of the authors conducted walking tours through the oldest areas of Cape Town.]

Inskip, Donald Percival. Forty Little years: the story of a theatre. Cape Town: Timmins,

1972.

Immelman, R.F.M. Men of Good Hope: the romantic story of the Cape Town Chamber of

Commerce, 1804-1954. Cape Town: The Chamber, 1955.

Jansen, Chris. Oos wes tuis bes Distrik Ses. Poësie, Adam Small; fotografie, Chris

Jansen. Kaapstad: Human en Rousseau, 1973. [see also Small]

Jeffreys, K. (ed) Kaapse Plakaatboek. (Cape Town, 1944-51)

Jessup, Bert &Jack Friedman. 1949-1970: a short history of the Bergvliet Sports

Association. [S.l. : s.n., 1970?] Bergvliet: Bergvliet Printing and Pub.

Juta, Rene. The Cape Peninsula.

Katzen, Brian Colin & Stanley Baker. Looking at Cape Town. Cape Town: Timmins,

1972.

Kuttel, M. Quadrilles and konfyt: the life and journal of Hildagonda Duckitt. Cape Town:

Maskew Miller, 1954

Laidler, Percy Ward. A tavern of the ocean: being a social and historical sketch of Cape

Town from its earliest days. Illustrated by fourteen black and white drawings by H.H.

McWilliams, and reproductions of original plans and diagrams. Cape Town: Maskew

Miller, 1926.

Laidler, Percy Ward. A tavern of the ocean: being a social and historical sketch of Cape

Town from its earliest days. Illustrated by H.H. McWilliams and reproductions of

original plans and diagrams by permission of the chief archivist, Mr. C. Graham Botha.

Cape Town: Maskew Miller, 1952. [“Probably the most error-ridden history published.”]

Laidler, Percy Ward. Annals of the Cape stage. Edinburgh, 1926.

Laidler, Percy Ward. The growth and government of Cape Town. Unie-Volkspers Bpk:

Cape Town, 1939. [Index]

Lamprecht, D. Woelinge langs die Liesbeek: geskiedenis van die Laerskool Groote

Schuur. Elsiesrivier Nas. Boekdrukkery, 1974.



Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. Old St George's: the story of Cape Town's first

cathedral. Cape Town: Balkema, 1977.

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. The church on Clifton Hill: a history of St. Marks,

District Six: centenary 1887-1987. Cape Town: The Church, 1986.

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. The Parish Church of St. Michael & All Angels,

Observatory, Cape Town: a history. Cape Town: The Church, 1992.

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. Under the mountain: the story of St Saviours

Claremont. Cape Town: Southern Press, 1973.

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. The Cape/Indian Families (Familia X, 1973: 59)

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. Hawthornden, Wynberg, Historical Society of Cape

Town Fact Sheet No.3, 1976

Langham-Carter, Reginald Robert. Indians in Cape Town.

le Roux, W.J. (ed.) Groote Schuur: woning van Suid-Afrika se Eerste Minister/Residence

of South Africa's prime minister. Pretoria: Departement van Inligting, 1970.

Lennox-Short, Alan & David Welsh. UCT at 150: reflections. Cape Town: David Philip

Publishers, 1979.

Lewis, Cecil & Gertrude Elizabeth Edwards. Cape Town: Treasures of the Mother City

of South Africa. Cape Town, 1927. [revised edition: Cape Town: Speciality Press of

South Africa, 1934.]

Lewis, Cecil & Gertrude Elizabeth Edwards. Historical records of the Church of the

Province of South Africa. With an introductory letter from the Archbishop of Cape

Town. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1934.

Lighton, Conrad. Sisters of the South. Hodder & Stoughton: London, 1951. [On shipping links between Cape, NZ & Australia]

Litchfield, Eric. Cape Town City: the story of our famous club. Cape Town: Howard

Timmins, 1972. [soccer team]

Little, A.I. & W. E Ranby. History of the City Club, Cape Town 1878 – 1938. 1938.

Lourens, Leonard D. Robinson Crusoe in Cape Town and other anecdotes from South

Africa‟s saga. Cape Town: HAUM, 1972.

Louw, Jan H. In the shadow of Table Mountain: a history of the University of Cape Town

Medical School and its associated teaching hospitals up to 1950, with glimpses into the

future. Cape Town: Struik, 1969.

Lückhoff, C.A. Table Mountain. Our national heritage after 300 years. A.A. Balkema:

Cape Town, 1951.

Mabbutt, J.A. (ed.) The Cape Peninsula. Cape Town: Maskew Miller, 1952. ["An introduction to nature and man in the Cape peninsula, written for the layman by members of the staffs

of the University of Cape Town and of the South African Museum".]

Manuel, George. I remember Cape Town. Cape Town: Don Nelson, 1977.

Marquard, L. & Joel Mervis. Blame it on Van Riebeeck. Illustrated by Peter Ogilvie.

Cape Town: Cannon, 1952. [Humorous History of the Cape]

Masson, Madeleine. Birds of passage. Cape Town, 1950. [Cape travellers.]

http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=761419849&searchurl=tn%3DHistory%2BCity%2Bclub%252C%2BCape%2BTown%252C%2B1878-1938



Mayson, John Schofield. The Malays of Cape Town. Cape Town: Africana Connoisseurs

Press, 1963.

McCann, Owen. Our beginnings: the church at the Cape in the early days. Cape Town:

Kolbe Assoc., 1963.

Michaelides, Gabriel. Candid Cape Town: a discreet guide to the Cape Peninsula. Cape

Town: Struik, 1977.

Midgley, John Franklin. Kommetjie, C.P.: its story. Kommetjie: The Author, 1975.

Morris, Jean & Jessica Abrahams. Cape Town. Cape Town: D. Nelson, 1979.

Mossop, E.E. Old Cape Highways. Cape Town, 1927.

Muir, John. Know your Cape. Cape Town: Timmins, 1975.

Murray, Marischal. Under Lion's Head: earlier days at Green Point and Sea Point. Cape

Town: Balkema, 1964.

Murray, Joyce. Claremont Album. Cape Town, 1958.

Murray, Joyce. In Mid-Victorian Cape Town: Letters from Miss Rutherfoord. Cape

Town, 1968.

Naude, Adele. Cape album. Aylesbury, England; Cape Town: Timmins, 1979.

Naude, Adele. Rondebosch and round about. Cape Town: Philip, 1973.

Pama, C. Regency Cape Town: daily life in the early eighteen-thirties. Tafelberg: Cape

Town, 1975. [Popular social history of Cape Town in 1830s illustrated with many Knyvett and D‟Oyly sketches

additional to those in Gordon Brown 1968. Appendix has Street Directory 1833.]

Pama, C. Vintage Cape Town: historic houses and families in and around the old Cape.

Tafelberg: Cape Town, 1973. [Historic houses and families in and around the old Cape.]

Pama, C. Wagon Road to Wynberg. Tafelberg: Cape Town, 1979.

Pama, C. Bowler‟s Cape Town: life at the Cape in early Victorian Times. Tafelberg:

Cape Town, 1977.

Pama, C. The South African Library: its history, collections and librarians, 1818-1968:

papers contributed on the occasion of its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary. Cape

Town: Published for the Trustees of the South African Library by A.A. Balkema, 1968.

Pearse, G.E. The Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1833. Van Schaik: Pretoria, 1956. [“An account of its buildings and the life of its people”…]

Picard, Hymen W.J. Gentleman‟s walk: the romantic story of Cape Town‟s oldest streets,

lanes and squares. Struik: Cape Town, 1968. [History of Cape Town streets and places, origins of names.]

Picard, Hymen W.J. Grand Parade: The birth of greater Cape Town 1850-1913. Struik. [Chatty social history of 1850-1913 Cape Town streets and places.]

Pickard, Hymen W.J. Masters of the Castle. Cape Town, 1972.

Pickard, Hymen W.J. Lords of Stalplein. Cape Town, 1974.

Pickard, Hymen W.J. Cape Epic. Howick, 1977. [Born in the Netherlands, a historian and sociologist. Did MA on the history of the Dutch-East-India

Company, interested in the birth and growth of the 'Caapse Vlek'.]

Pictorial album of Cape Town: with views of Simon's Town, Port Elizabeth, and

Graham's Town: from original drawings by T.W. Bowler; with historical and descriptive

sketches by W.R. Thomson. Cape Town: Struik, 1966.



Quinn, Frank. Beneath the lion bold : the story of Green and Sea Point Boy's High

School. Sea Point Boys' High School, 1963.

Ras, Anna Cornelia. Cape Town, 1969. Die Kasteel en ander vroee Kaapse vestingwerke

1652-1713. Kaapstad Tafelberg 1959.

Raven-Hart, R. Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1702. Cape Town, 1971.

Raven-Hart, R. Before van Riebeeck. Cape Town, 1967.

The rising city: Cape Town‟s 21 years of progress, [1910-1931]: supplement to the Cape

Times, May 29, 1931. Cape Town: Cape Times, 1931.

Rosenthal, Eric. Tankards and tradition, Howard Timmins: Cape Town, 1961. [Pubs, popular anecdotal history of.]

Rosenthal, Eric. 160 years of Cape Town printing/160 jaar van drukwerk in Kaapstad.

Kaapstad/Cape Town Association of Printing House Craftsmen en Kaapse Kamer van

Drukwerk, 1960.

Rosenthal, Eric. The story of Table Mountain. 3rd edition. Rustica: Cape Town, 1975.

Rosenthal, Eric. Heinrich Egersdorfer. Nasionale Boekhandel, Cape Town, 1960. [Illustrator of social scenes full of vigour and detail, buildings as backdrops 1884-1910.]

Rosenthal, Eric. Victorian South Africa, Tafelberg, Cape Town, 1975. [Reproductions of 149 spirited woodcuts from newspapers and journals 1875-c1902.]

Rosenthal, Eric. Cape Town. Photography by Ray Ryan. Cape Town: Purnell, 1973.

Rosenthal, Eric. 'The City of Cape Town: official guide'. Cape Town: R. Beerman, 1950.

Rosenthal, Eric. 'Cape directory 1800'. Foreword by Eric Rosenthal. Cape Town: Struik,

1969.

Rosenthal, Eric. 'The Cape of Good Hope triangular stamp and its story'. With a check

list and price chart of current market values by Eliezer Blum; foreword by L.C. Burke.

Cape Town: Balkema, 1957.

Rosenthal, Eric. 300 years of the Castle at Cape Town. [Cape Town?: Wynberg

Commando?], 1966.

Rosenthal, Eric. 'Fish Horns and Hansom Cabs: Life in Victorian Cape Town'.

Johannesburg: Donker, 1977.

Sarie Marais: Van Riebeeck-feesuitgawe. jg. 3, no. 38, 12 Maart 1952. Kaapstad:

Nasionale pers, 1952. [Van Riebeeck Festival, 1952, Cape Town]

Sharp, P.S. Tales of Table Bay. Cape Town: Bulpin, 1975.

A Short history of the University of Cape Town Mountain and Ski Club. Rondebosch:

University of Cape Town. Mountain and Ski Club, 1933-1952.

Shorten, John R. Cape Town. The Golden Jubilee of Greater Cape Town. Cape Town: JR

Shorten in association with Shorten and Smith, 1963. [History of growth of town, municipal government.]

Silk, Andrew. A shanty town in South Africa: the story of Modderdam. Johannesburg:

Ravan Press, 1981.

Small, Adam. Oos wes tuis bes: Distrik Ses. Fotografie deur Chris Jansen. Kaapstad

Human & Rousseau 1973 [1974 printing]. [see also Jansen]

Slinger, E.W. Cape Town‟s 100 years of progress. Cape Town, 1967.

Smith, Anna H. Cape views and costumes: water-colours by H. C. de Meillon in the

Brenthurst Collection, Johannesburg. Johannesburg: Brenthurst Press, 1978.



Smith, Anna H. Problems of Cape silver. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in

Africa, 1970.

Smith, Anna H. De Meillon‟s people of colour: some notes on their dress and occupations

with special reference to Cape views and costumes: water colours by H.C. de Meillon in

the Brenthurst Collection, Johannesburg. Robert C.-H. Shell; edited by Anna H. Smith.

Johannesburg: Brenthurst Press, 1978.

Steenkamp, Willem. Poor man's Bioscope: Cape Town – a panorama of people, places

and events. Cape Town: H. Timmins, 1979.

The story of one hundred years, June 1840-June 1940: a centenary celebration brochure.

The Claremont Congregational Church. Cape Town: Claremont Congregational Church,

1940[?].

Strydom, Christiaan Johannes Scheepers. Bellville: wordingsjare van 'n stad/ Bellville:

growth of a city. Bellville: Die Stadsraad, 1981.

Summers, R. F. H. A history of the South African Museum 1825-1975. [compiled from

museum records] Cape Town: Balkema, 1975.

Tait, Barbara Campbell. Cape Cameos: the story of Cape Town in a new way. Cape

Town: Stewart, 1948.

Tait, Barbara Campbell. Cape Cameos – historic sketches of Cape Town. [same book?]

Thompson, Joyce Newton. The story of a house. Cape Town: Howard B. Timmins, 1968.

Townsend, Lesley & Stephen. Bokaap: faces and facades. A record of the passing scene

in Cape Town's Malay Quarter with a brief account of its architecture. With photographs

by Lesley Townsend. Cape Town: H. Timmins, 1977.

Tredgold, Arderne. Bay between the mountains. Cape Town: Human and Rousseau,

1985.

75 views of the Cape Peninsula with a large panorama of Cape Town. Cape Town:

Valentine, 1914 [?].

Vos, K. The church on the hill, St John‟s Parish Wynberg. 1972.

Wagener, F.J. Rondebosch down the years. 1657-1957. 1957.

Walton, J. (ed.) The Josephine Mill and its owners: the story of milling and brewing at

the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: Historical Society of Cape Town, 1978.

Western, John. Outcast Cape Town. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 1981.

While the steamer waits: notes for rapid sight-seeing during a few hours visit to Cape

Town. Cape Peninsula Publicity Association. Cape Town: Cape Peninsula Publicity

Association, 1913 & 1922 [?].

Willis, H. C. The Martello Tower in Simon‟s Town. Cape Town: SA Naval Printing

Press, 1985.



JOHANNESBURG (and the Rand)

65 years of service to South Africa: a history of the Johannesburg Building Society/65

jaar in diens van Suid-Afrika: die verhaal van die Johannesburg Bouvereniging.

Johannesburg: the Society/die Vereniging, 1953[?].

Barry, Margaret & Nimmo Law. 'Magnates and mansions, Johannesburg 1886-1914.'

Johannesburg: Lowry, 1985.

Behrmann, Flora. My fifty-odd years in Johannesburg 1906-1960. Johannesburg:

F.Behrmann, 1961[?] [a Jewish woman's life in Johannesburg]

Benjamin, Arnold. Lost Johannesburg. Johannesburg: Macmillan 1979.

Berger, Lucy Gough. Where's the Madam? Timmins: Cape Town, 1966. [Witty chronicle of life on a Johannesburg smallholding.]

Berry, Abe. Abe Berry's Johannesburg. Cape Town Tafelberg 1982.

Bulpin, T.V. Johannesburg to Durban. Cape Town: Bulpin for Mobil, 1973 [1974?].

Bulpin, T.V. Johannesburg. Kaapstad: Bulpin for Mobil, 1974.

Bulpin, T.V. Witwatersrand. Cape Town: T.V. Bulpin, 1974.

Bulpin, T.V. The Transvaal: including Johannesburg, Pretoria, the northern, western and

southern Transvaal. Cape Town: Reader's Digest Association SA, 1983.

Cartwright, John. The preachers travels: the early history of Johannesburg. Amsterdam:

Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1977.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. The Corner House: the early history of Johannesburg.

Illustrated by Bernard Sargent. Cape Town: Purnell, 1965.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. Golden age: the story of the industrialization of South Africa

and the part played in it by the Corner House Group of Companies 1910-1967. Cape

Town: Purnell, 1968.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. 'Johannesburg.' Colour photographs, Melvyn Penn. Cape Town:

Purnell, 1973. [description, travel, history]

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. The dynamite company: the story of African Explosives and

Chemical Industries Limited. Illustrated by Robin Jacques. Cape Town: Purnell, 1964.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. Gold. Cape Town: Purnell, 1973.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. Transvaal Lowveld. Cape Town: Purnell, 1978.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick.Valley of gold. Cape Town: H. Timmins, 1961. [On SA's 1st gold rush]

Cartwright, Alan Patrick.Wes-Driefontein - stryd teen 'n oorstroming. Johannesburg:

Goudvelde van Suid-Afrika, 1969.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. West Driefontein - ordeal by water. Johannesburg: Gold Fields

of South Africa, 1969.

Cartwright, Alan Patrick. Strenue: the story of King Edward VII School. Cape Town:

Purnell, 1974.

Chilvers, Hedley A. Out of the crucible: being the romantic story of the Witwatersrand

goldfields, and of the great city which arose in their midst. With sixteen drawings by

William M. Timlin. London: Cassell, 1929.



Chilvers, Hedley A. Out of the crucible: being the romantic story of the Witwatersrand

goldfields, and of the great city which arose in their midst. And, An epilogue 1929-48:

the incredible city, by Alexander Campbell; with fourteen drawings by William M.

Timlin. Johannesburg: Juta, 1948.

Cohen, Louis. Reminiscences of Johannesburg and London. Johannesburg: Africana

Book Society, 1976.

Collier, Joy. The purple and the gold: the story of Pretoria and Johannesburg. Cape

Town: Longmans, 1965.

Crisp, Robert. The Outlanders : the men who made Johannesburg. London: P. Davies

1964.

Dagut, Arnold & Norman Herd. Balfour Park, 1935-1956: a record of 21 years of

progress. Johannesburg: Balfour Park Club, 1956.

De Villiers, René & S. Brooke-Norris. The story of the Rand Club. Illustrations by John

Churchill Simpson. Johannesburg: Rand Club, 1976.

Fairburn, Bettine Gail. Personal reminiscences of early Johannesburg in printed books

and pamphlets, 1896-1907: an annotated bibliography. Johannesburg: University of the

Witwatersrand, Department of Bibliography, Librarianship and Typography, 1972. [might be a good source]

Gray, James and Ethel. Payable Gold. Know Pub.: Durban, 1937.

Gray, James. Payable gold: an intimate record of the history of the discovery of the

payable Witwatersrand Goldfields and of Johannesburg in 1886 and 1887. Based on

researches made in the State Archives, Pretoria by Ethel L. Gray and containing the

Oosthuizen Papers, which reveal the story of the discovery. Translations of photographic

reproductions of documents by B. De Coligny Marchand. Durban: CNA, 1937.

Gray, James and Ethel. Discovery of the Witwatersrand goldfields. CAN: Johannesburg,

1940.

Gray, James. The history of the Johannesburg Rotary Club, 1921-1942. Johannesburg:

Alex White, 1943 [?].

Gutsche, Thelma. 'Old Gold'. With decorations by A. A. Telford. Cape Town: Howard

Timmins, 1966. [history of the Wanderers club]

Gutsche, Thelma & Knox, Patricia. 'Do you know Johannesburg?'. Vereeniging: Unie-

Volkspers, 1947.

Hedding, W. R. The story of Bryanston: an address. Sandton: Sandton Historical

Association, 1978.

Henry, James Archibald. The Standard Bank's early days in Johannesburg 1886-1900.

Johannesburg: Africana Museum, 1956 [?].

Hirschson, Niel. The naming of Johannesburg as an historical commentary.

Johannesburg: Nugget, 1974.

Hoffman, Arthur & Anna Romain Hoffman. They built a theatre: the history of the

Johannesburg Repertory Players. Johannesburg: AD. Donker, 1980.

Johannesburg: Cosmopolitan city. London: AD. Donker, 1978.

Kennedy, Reginald Frank. The heart of a city: a history of the Johannesburg Public

Library. Cape Town: Juta, 1970.



Lean, Phyllis Scarnell. Fifty years of theosophy: a brief history of the Johannesburg

lodge. Parktown North, Johannesburg: P.S. LEAN, 1949.

Leyds, Gerard Anton. A history of Johannesburg: the early years. Cape Town: Nasionale

Boekhandel,1964.

Louw, Juliet Marais. Seven builders of Johannesburg. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1950.

Louw, Juliet Marais. Wagon tracks and orchards: early days in Sandton. AD Donker,

1976. [Eric Rosenthal's sister]

Maud, John R.P. City Government: The Johannesburg Experiment (Oxford, 1938);

Neame, Lawrence Elwin.City built on gold. Johannesburg: Central News Agency, (196-).

[His only book on a city, others concern politicians and race issues, journalism]

Neame, L.E. & Eric Rosenthal. Today‟s news today: the story of the Argus Company.

Johannesburg, 1956.

Neil, W. R. A history of Malvern School from 1888 to 1959. Johannesburg: Malvern

School, 1959.

Pageant of Southern Africa in the Empire Exhibition Arena, December nineteen hundred

and thirty-six. Arranged and directed by Andre van Gyseghem; from the scenario by

Gustave Preller; music arranged by John Connell; costumesdesigned by Phyllis Gardner.

Publisher [S.l. : s.n., 1936?]. [Empire Exhibition, 1936-1937: Johannesburg]]

Ralls, Alice M & Ruth E. Gordon. Daughter of yesterday: a pioneer child looks back at

early Johannesburg. Illustrations by Elizabeth A. Clarke. Cape Town: Howard Timmins,

1975.

Rosenthal, Eric. Gold bricks and mortar: 60 years of Johannesburg history. Johannesburg:

Printing House, 1946.

Rosenthal, Eric. The Rand rush: Johannesburg's first 25 years in pictures. Johannesburg:

A. Donker, 1974.

Rosenthal, Eric. Memories & sketches: the autobiography of Eric Rosenthal.

Johannesburg: Donker, 1979. [lots on Joburg]

Rosenthal, Eric. 'Gold! gold! gold!: the Johannesburg gold rush'. New York &

Johannesburg: Collier Macmillan, 1970.

Short history of the brigade, June 1940 - December 1946. Johannesburg: the Brigade,

1946. [Mines Engineering Brigade, Johannesburg]

A short history of the House of Haddon. Johannesburg: Haddon & Co. Ltd., 1959. [Publishing history]

Shorten, John R. The Johannesburg saga. 1966.

Smith, Anna H. Pictorial history of Johannesburg. Johannesburg: Juta for the Africana

Museum, 1956.

Smith, Anna H. Johannesburg street names: a dictionary of street, suburb and other place-

names, compiled to the end of 1968. Cape Town: Juta, 1971.

Smith, Anna H. Sketches: published on the occasion of Johannesburg's ninetieth birthday,

by Ida Mae Stone and Harry Clayton; edited by Anna H. Smith. Johannesburg: Ad.

Donker for the Africana Museum, 1976.



Smith, Anna H. Chronology of Johannesburg. Johannesburg: Africana Museum, 1977.

Spit, Tony. Johannesburg tramways: a history of the tramways of the City of

Johannesburg. Revised and with additional material by Brian Patton. London: Light

Railway Transport League, 1976.

The story of "Johnnies" (1889-1964): a history of the Johannesburg Consolidated

Investment Company Ltd. Written by the Staff and illustrated by Bernard Sargent.

Johannesburg: Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Co., 1965.

Telford, Alexander Alan. Johannesburg; some sketches of the golden metropolis. Cape

Town: Books of Africa, 1969.

Thompson, Doris Vera. Kingsmead: the first twenty-five years. Johannesburg Kingsmead

College for Girls 1959 [?].

Wentzel, John Brunette. A view from the ridge: Johannesburg retrospect. Cape Town:

Phillip (David) Publisher, 1975. [South African yesterdays; no. 6] [Survey of life on the Rand in the first quarter of the 20th century. A rather personal retrospective of the old

houses in Parktown on the ridge north of Johannesburg and the life of the times early in the 20thC.

Illustrated with photographs of interiors and exteriors of the houses owned by the mining magnates, some

created by Herbert Baker. Author also covers other aspects of Johannesburg history such as the 1922

Revolt and the men's Clubs.]

DURBAN

A Brief history of 100 years of yachting on Durban Bay, 1858-1958. Durban: Royal

Natal Yacht Club, 1958 [?].

Bullimore, Jabez Harold Walter. The story of a parish, 1873-1947, being the history of

the Parish of Lower Umgeni, now the parish of St. James, Stamford Hill. Durban: E.P.

and Commercial Printing Co., 1948.

Bulpin, T.V. Natal and the Zulu country. Cape Town: Books of Africa, 1969.

Bulpin, T.V. Natal: including Durban, the coast resorts, Drakensberg and the game parks.

Cape Town: Reader's Digest Association SA, 1983.

Bulpin, T.V. To the shores of Natal. Illustrated by Barbara Tyrrell. Cape Town: Howard

Timmins, 1951[?].

Bulpin, T.V. Johannesburg to Durban. Cape Town: Mobil, 1973.

Chubb, Ernest Charles. Natal centenary, 1824-1924: official handbook. With the

asistance of H.G. Mackeurtan. Durban: Durban Municipality,1924.

Durban. Cape Town: Struik, 1977.

Durban Indian Girls' High School magazine: golden jubilee, 1930-1980. Durban: the

School, 1980.

Electricity distribution in the Durban region: the first seventyfive [sic] years: a history of

the Duban Municipal Electricity Department, 1897-1972. Durban: the Dept., 1973.

Frost, R. K. No other foundation: a history of Christ Church, Addington, Durban: 1860

centenary 1960. Durban: Christ Church, Parochial Church Council, 1960.

Goetzsche, Eric. The father of a city: the life and times of George Cato, first mayor of

Durban. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter, 1967.



Holden, William Clifford. History of the Colony of Natal, South Africa & OR Sovere.

Durban: Durban, the Library, 1962.

Holden, William Clifford. Index to History of the colony of Natal (with appendix) by

W.C. Holden, compiled by Killie Campbell Library, Durban. Durban: Killie Campbell

Library, 1962.

Kirby, Percival. Andrew Smith and Natal: documents relating to the early history of that

province. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society, 1955.

Malherbe, Janie. Port Natal. Cape Town, Howard Timmins, 1965.

Martin, Arthur Clive. Proud record of the Durban Light Infantry. Durban: Durban Light

Infantry Regimental Association, 1963.

Martin, Arthur Clive. The Durban Light Infantry. Volume I, 1854 to 1934: the history of

the Durban Light Infantry incorporating that of the Sixth South African Infantry 1915-

1917. Durban: Headquarter Board of the Durban Light Infantry, 1969.

Martin, Arthur Clive. The Durban Light Infantry. Volume II, 1935 to 1960: the history of

the Durban Light Infantry incorporating that of the Sixth South African Infantry 1915-

1917. Durban: Headquarter Board of the Durban Light Infantry, 1969.

Rosenthal, Eric. Natal memories. Johannesburg: Johannesburg Public Library, 1958.

Rosenthal, Eric. Pioneer days in Natal. With Cloete, Ena, and Barbara I. Buchanan.

Johannesburg: Johannesburg Public Library, 1958.

Rosenthal, Eric. Schooners and Skyscrapers. Cape Town: Howard Timmins, 1963.

Strutt, Daphne H. The story of the Durban Club: from Bafta to Baroque. Cape Town:

Howard Timmins, 1963.

Tait, Barbara Campbell. The Durban story: or, Durban cameos of yesterday and today.

Durban: Knox Print. Co, 1964.

Vietzen, Colleen. The Natal almanac and yearly register 1863-1906, published by P.

Davis and Sons: a bibliographical index. Cape Town: School of Librarianship, University

of Cape Town, 1963.

Wallace, Lyn. Durban's centenary aquarium. Durban: S.A. Association for Marine

Biological Research, 1972.

Wrinch-Schulz, Joyce. Durban. Cape Town: Purnell, 1973.

Wrinch-Schulz, Joyce. The first sixty years: a history of the Durban Country Club from

1922 to 1982. [S.l.: s.

creating south african green zones: urban history ... · but there is constant interaction between...

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