collection description and its potential, giuliana de francesco cidoc 2011
DESCRIPTION
G. De Francesco, Not seeing the wood for the trees? Collection description and its potential (Sibiu, CIDOC Conference 2011),TRANSCRIPT
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Not seeing the forrest for the trees?
[email protected]@smb.spk-berlin.de
© BBalberto http://www.flickr.com/photos/bbalberto/4395993504/
Collection description and its potential
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/fitzgabbro/5950841347/http://picasaweb.google.com/basiainlondon/CoventGardenBritishMuseum#5124951721253915522
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Heroes: Mortals and Myths in Ancient Greece, an international loan exhibition organized by the Walters Art Museum
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Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum
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Objects belong to groups
Collections are context
Collections have histories
Collections tell stories
Context IS what matters!
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Collection-level description
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Collection-level description
Describing the collection as a whole
• Common practice
• Disclosing implicit knowledge• Practical: “It is practical and economic to manage bulk
archaeological and natural science material at this level”• Aid to select and access to individual items: “The
story to be told is best done by considering the material together rather than as individual parts”.
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Collection-level description
• Discovery• Search across collections• Management (part. collaborative)
• Collection development (eg planning acquisitions, shared collections etc)
• Support operations on the collections (machine-readable metadata and metasearch engines)
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Collection description standards
Cross domain approach
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EAD 1998, 2002
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2000
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2005-2006
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2007
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Collection description initiatives
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MICHAEL: Mapping the digital cultural heritage of Europe
2004 - 2008
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http://www.michael-culture.se http://www.michael-culture.fi http://www.michael-culture.cl.bas.bg http://www.michael-culture.pl http://www.michael-culture.fr
http://www.michael-culture.hu
http://www.michael-portal.de http://www.michael-culture.org.uk
http://www.michael-culture.kul.ee http://www.michael-culture.es
http://www.michael-culture.cz
http://www.michael-culture.nl http://www.michael-culture.gr
http://www.michael-culture.org.il
http://www.michael-culture.it
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About 10.000 digital collections belonging to about 4000 cultural and scientific organisations across Europe and corresponding to millions of
objects
http://www.michael-culture.org
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Collections coverage
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Institution location
Institution typeInstitution type
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Obstacles towards further evolution
After 2008 a bit of a slowing down…
• Lack of common practices and internationally agreed collections description rules
• Lack of effective connection between object-level and collection-level description
• Lack of unambiguous identification of collections
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Researching for solutions
• Combination of the two levels (item- and collection-level description) to improve quality of search and discovery
• Development of a logic-based framework for classifying collection/item metadata relationships and achieve inferencing
• Semantic integration via CIDOC/CRM
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Progress in sight!
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International Standard Collection Identifier
• ISO FDIS 27330 Developed by ISO TC 46 Information and documentation, SC 9, Identification and description
• Unique international identification system for each collection, fond and series and parts of collections, fonds and series
• Intended for use by organisations managing collections, such as libraries, museums and archives
• Builds upon:– ISIL (ISO 15511)
– URI (IETF RFC 3986)
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ISCI:
ISIL of the organisation
+ Collection identifier string
(organisation-specific)
• Each identified collection, fond or series
must be described (to a minimal extent)
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ISO FDIS 27330
• Organisation-specific Collection identifier string:– At least one Unicode character– Unlimited length– Characters not allowed in URIs shall be encoded
• Memory organisations may use existing local collection identifiers, provided that:
• They conform to ISCI syntax and structure• They use proper encoding when necessary
International Standard Collection Identifier
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ISO FDIS 27330
• An ISCI Registration Authority will coordinate the system in collaboration with national ISCI agencies
• ISCI RA will maintain a system supporting:– Assignment and utilisation of ISCIs– Harvesting of collection related metadata into the
global ISCI registry• Each memory organisation will be able to assign ISCIs
independently, with no support from the ISCI RA or national agency, provided that the organisation has one ISIL assigned.
• It should then make available collections metadata to ISCI NA or RA.
International Standard Collection Identifier
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Standard identification of collections
“Identifiers – the keys to cultural information integration” (G. McKenna)
Benefits• Context information automatically connected to object
description through use of ISCI in the object description – No need to repeat shared information
• Objects belonging to the same group are automatically related to each other through the same ISCI
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Persistent identification of collections
• ISCIs are easily expressed through URIs• Online, collections will be uniquely identified by suitable
URIs; • URIs will be resolvable into collection descriptions• URI can be managed through a resolving service, and
become persistent
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Collection description and Linked data • Through standard identification Collection descriptions
can easily enter the Linked Data environment
Linked data principles according to T. Berners-Lee
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Collection descriptions as Linked data
Why?
• Semantic Web is about meaning• Collection descriptions offer context
and meaning
• The more CLD are linked to other resources, the more effective they are
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Collection descriptions as Linked dataBenefits • Data directly into the Web – Discoverable, no “hidding data silos”• Collection information easily available for use across apps• No duplications of effort:
– create only the data specific to the own purpose, and retrieve already existing data
• No need for crosswalks/mappings:– everyone uses the own metadata format, all triples can be aggregated
• No harvesting:– Data are already available on the Web, URI allow to track back content
wherever it is o the Web
• No proprietary software issues/developments– Everything relies on open standards
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At first there were the hyperlinks.
Browsing by meaning
Then APIs allowed the integration of existing resources, data, services, taxonomies, metadata
etc., providing for the creation of exciting services
Web of documents
Web of applications
“The Web is wonderful because people can go on journeys of discovery, by following links to the things that interest them”
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And now?
Publication of structured data directly onto the Web
The Web becomes one global database
Integration across services is made possible, without having to “fork” the data.
Browsing by meaning
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Linked Data Cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. source: http://lod-cloud.net
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• Collection description is underpracticed and has potential
• ISCI will offer us an opportunity to exploit the full potential of collection description
• Ready? Steady? Go!
Conclusions