Creating a New Government• Learning Targets:• 1. evaluate the political ideas that were reflected in

state constitutions and eventually implemented into the Constitution.

• 2. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

• 3. interpret how certain events will expose the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation which will bring about a need to create a new form of government.

Creating a New Government

Ideas of Government

A. Locke’s Social Contract

1. People Sovereign Rulers

B. Montesquieu- Separation &

Balance of Powers

C. Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom

D. Republican Motherhood

E. Each state had its own written constitutions

John Locke

Charles de Secondat Montesquieu

Original System of Government

Articles of Confederation John Dickinson

A. Loose Alliance

B. Power given to state

C. One State = One Vote

D. Many Restrictions of the Federal Government

John Dickinson

III. A Need for ChangeA. Shay’s Rebellion

B. 1787 to revise the Articles of

Confederation1. George Washington Chairman

and 55 or 54 delegates

2. Set Guidelines

Image from Shay’s Rebellion

A Young Nation in Turmoil

Constitutional Convention• Quorum- • May 25, 1787• Philadelphia• 12 of 13 states• (No Rhode Island)

extra credit if you can tell me why they were a no show

• Guidelines• 1. hold secret

sessions• 7 states as a

quorum• 1 state 1 vote• Majority vote

needed to make decisions

Delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 1787

What are we going to learn today???

• 1. Explain how the Virginia Plan called for a stronger federal government

• 2. Outline the major compromises that were reflected in the Constitution.

• 3. Discuss why the Antifederalists opposed the Constitution, and how the Federalists responded.

• 4. Recount why it was important that all 13 states ratified the Constitution.

What were the big debates?

• How much power to be given to the people?

• The representation of the small and large states?

• How to regulate commerce and the slave trade?

Will We Really Last as a New Nation?

Compromises Virginia Plan (presented by Randolph, drafted by Madison)

a. Federalismb. 3 Branches of Governmentc. two-houses based on

population

New Jersey Plan (Patterson)a. One Houseb. Equal Representation

Edmund Randolph

James MadisonWilliam Patterson

Can’t We All Just Get Along?

Great Compromise (Roger Sherman)

a. Bicameral- two houses

b. upper –(equal) lower – (population)

Roger Sherman

Other Compromises

3/5 Compromise (Slavery) (N v. S)James Wilson and Roger Sherman

a. taxationb. representation

Restriction of the Slave Tradea. importation of slaves until end of 1807b. slave owners could pursue runaway slavesJames Wilson

Another Major Compromise

6. Compromise over commerce (N v. S)

(What is commerce?)Economic

Differences

a. tariffs

b. imports not exports

Ratification• What was/is Ratification?

• A. Federalists-(Strong National Government)

• B. Anti-Federalists-(Strong State Government)

• C. June 21, 1788 ratified by 9 states

Why was it important that all the states ratify the Constitution?

State by state, the constitution was approved.

1. Delaware2. Pennsylvania3. New Jersey4. Georgia5. Connecticut 6. Massachusetts7. Maryland8. South Carolina9. New Hampshire10. Virginia11. New York12. North Carolina13. Rhode Island

Adopted: July 2nd, 1788 In Effect: March 4th, 1789

Date Approved Vote for Ratification

For Against

12/7/1787 Unanimous

12/12/1787 46 23

12/18/1787 Unanimous

1/2/1788 Unanimous

1/9/1788 128 40

2/6/1788 187 168

4/28/1788 63 11

5/23/1788 149 73

6/21/1788 57 46

6/26/1788 89 79

7/26/1788 30 27

11/21/1789 197 77

5/29/1790 34 32

Constitution

Homework Assignment

You are to create a piece of literary work or some kind of artwork which will be supportive for either-

Federalist

Anti-Federalist