crayfish dissection314498112373402707.weebly.com/.../crayfish_dissection.pdf · 2018-09-06 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CRAYFISH
DISSECTION
Image from: http://www.mackers.com/crayfish/
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ARTHROPODA
“Arthro” =
“pod” =
joint
foot
“jointed foot”
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Animal Groups
Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html
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NAMING CRAYFISH
Kingdom:
Phylum:
CLASS:
ANIMALIA
Arthropoda
“jointed foot”
CRUSTACEA
crusta = “flexible shell”
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EXOSKELETON- Outside body; NON-LIVING
Made of CHITIN (polysaccharide)
PROTEINS, LIPIDS, CALCIUM CARBONATE
http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/animals/crayfish.html
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All animals with an EXOSKELETON
must MOLT (shed their exoskeleton)
to grow bigger
http://crayfish.byu.edu/crayfish_biology.htm
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SEGMENTED BODY
like earthworms
http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/images/lb7fig6a.gif
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TAGMA- pl TAGMATA Fusion of smaller segments to make
one bigger section
Head + thorax = cephalothorax
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CARAPACE
Part of exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax
Image from: http://rcs.rome.ga.us/hargett/biology/arthpod/craydia.htm
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CHELIPED = Pincher (defense; capture food)
ROSTRUM = “visor” protects eyes
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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COMPOUND EYE
HAS MULTIPLE LENSES
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ANTENNAE- touch, taste
ANTENNULES- touch, taste,
& EQUILIBRIUM
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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DECAPODS (10 legs) (4 pair walking legs + 2 chelipeds)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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SWIMMERETS (5 pair)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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SWIMMERETS
HELP with
REPRODUCTION
Males – transfer sperm
Females – carry eggs/young
Create water currents
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Telson Uropods
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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Maxillipeds
Touch, taste, manipulate food
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
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http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/cray/maxventral.html
MAXILLA – Manipulate food
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http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/cray/maxventral.html
LAST PAIR of MAXILLA = “BAILERS”
Keep water moving over gills
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MANDIBLE
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/cray/mandible.html
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Appendages
1. Walking legs
2. Cheliped
3. Maxillipeds
4. 2nd maxilla (gill bailer)
5. 1st maxilla
6. Mandible
7. Antenna
8. Antennule
http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/animals/crayfish.html
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APPENDAGES ANTENNA Touch, taste
ANTENNULE Touch, taste, equilibrium
MANDIBLE Chew food
MAXILLA Manipulate food
Last pair “bailers”-
Move water over gills
MAXILLIPEDS Touch, taste, manipulate food
CHELIPED Capture food, defense
WALKING LEGS Locomotion,
move water over gills
SWIMMERETS Move water over EGGS,
transfer sperm (males)
carry young/eggs (females)
UROPOD Propulsion during tailflips
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Is it a MALE OR FEMALE? MALES:
first two pair
of swimmerets
form a channel
to transfer
sperm to female
seminal receptacle
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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SWIMMERETS
MALES
Top pair
make a
“V”
Images by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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Females “in berry” carry developing embryos on swimmerets
http://crayfish.byu.edu/crayfish_biology.htm
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REPRODUCTIVE
SEPARATE SEXES
Male and Female
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
sperm & eggs join outside body
INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT
Starts as a LARVA
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INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT
MOLLUSKS ECHINODERMS CRUSTACEANS
TROCHOPHORE BIPINNARIA NAUPLIUS
Trochophore image: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Evolution/Trochophore_larva.htm
Nauplius image: http://www.micrographia.com/specbiol/crustac/copepo/cope0100/cycnaup1.htm
Bipinnaria image:
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Examine the inside
of your crayfish
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GILLS
RESPIRATORY
Exchange gases
Remove nitrogen waste (AMMONIA)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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What keeps water moving over gills?
“BAILERS”
WALKING LEGS:
are attached to gills so walking
moves water
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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GAS EXCHANGE IN GILLS
DIFFUSION MOVES HIGH → LOW
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INTERNAL
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OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART with openings (OSTIA)
ARTERIES leaving heart but NO VEINS to
return hemolymph
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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OSTIA
Image from:
http://www.quia.com/jg/265982list.html
Movie from: http://www.gsu.edu/~bioasx/heartbeat.html
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ADDUCTOR MUSCLES
run mouthparts
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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STOMACH
PYLORIC CARDIAC
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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GASTRIC MILL “teeth” inside stomach
http://www.occ.cccd.edu/faculty/mperkins/zoo-review/crayfish/crayfish4.html
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DIGESTIVE GLAND
Makes bile; finishes digestion; absorbs nutrients
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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GONADS
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/cray/gonad.html
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Females:
OVARIES – make eggs
SEMINAL RECEPTACLES-store received sperm
Males:
TESTES – make sperm
VAS DEFERENS- tubules inside that carry sperm
from testes to exit opening
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
controls sexual development
Also: molting, heart rate
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ABDOMEN INTESTINE – finish digestion; absorb nutrients;
collect & remove feces
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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Freshwater critters live
in a HYPOTONIC environment
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html
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GREEN GLANDS - collect and remove excess
water & nitrogen waste (AMMONIA) Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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NERVOUS SYSTEM like earthworms
http://www.student.loretto.org/zoology/Graphic%20webs/Crayfish%20nervous%20system.htm
VENTRAL NERVE CORD
CEREBRAL GANGLIA
GANGLIA along body
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VENTRAL NERVE CORD
Image by Riedell/Vanderwal © 2005
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CEREBRAL GANGLIA =
BRAIN
Nerves connect
the eyes, antennae,
and antennules
to the brain.
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/cray/ganganterior.html
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COMPOUND EYE
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Thousands of SENSORY HAIRS project from
exoskeleton over entire body sense vibrations & chemicals
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
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AUTOTOMY &
REGENERATION
Crayfish have
the ability to
“self amputate”
parts to escape
predators and
regenerate to
repair injuries Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005