cranial and spinal nerve
TRANSCRIPT
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CRANIAL &
SPINAL NERVES
MAJ DR RISHI POKHREL
DEPT OF ANATOMY
NAIHS
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Sensory ReceptorsSensory Receptors
Motor EndingsMotor Endings
Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
The Four PlexusesThe Four PlexusesExtremitiesExtremities
Peripheral Nervous System
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Cranial Nerves
� Twelve pairs:� 2 attach to forebrain (Tel- &
Diencephalon)
� 10 attach to brainstem (Mes-, Met- and Myelencephalon)
� Names relate to appearance or functionClassificationOriginDestination
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Olfactory Nerve (CN-I)
C: Sensory
O: Olfactory Epithelium in nasal cavity
D: Olfactory bulbs (by way of cribriform plate of ethmoid)
Only CN directly attached to Cerebrum
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Optic Nerve (CN- II)
C: Sensory
O: Retina
D: by way of optic foramen of sphenoid to Diencephalon (optic chiasma) and to occipital lobe
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Oculomotor (CN III)
C: Motor
O: Mesencephalon
D: Somatic motor to superior, inferior, medial recti and inferior oblique; visceral motor to intrinsic eye muscles by way of superior orbital fissure
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Trochlear (CN IV)
C: Motor
O: Mesencephalon
D: superior oblique muscle by way of superior orbital fissure
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Trochlear Nerve (N IV)
Oculomotor (CN III)Oculomotor (CN III)
Lateral view
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Trigeminal (CN V)
C: Mixed three major branches
1. Ophthalmic (sensory)2. Maxillary (sensory)3. Mandibular (mixed)
O: face / nuclei of pons
D: sensory nuclei in pons / muscles of mastication
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Abducens(CN VI)
C: Motor O: PonsD: Lateral rectus eye muscle
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Facial (CN VII)
C: Mixed
O: sensory from taste receptors of anterior 2/3 of tongue / motor from pons
D: Sensory to sensory nuclei of pons / motor muscles of facial expression, visceral motor to tear gland.
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Facial (CN VII), cont’d
Bell’s Palsy
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Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
• C: Sensory• O: Receptors of inner Ear• D: Nuclei in Pons and medulla
oblongata
• AKA acoustic nerve
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Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
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Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
C: mixedC: mixed
O: sensory from posterior O: sensory from posterior 1/3 of tongue / motor from 1/3 of tongue / motor from medulla oblongatamedulla oblongata
D: medulla / muscles for D: medulla / muscles for swallowing, parotid glandswallowing, parotid gland
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Vagus (CN X)C: Mixed
O: Sensation from pharyngeal area and outer ear / motor from medulla
D: Sensory to medulla / visceral (autonomic) motor to thoracic and abdominal cavities and their organs. Major motor pathway for ANS
Most important Cranial Nerve!
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Accessory (CN XI) AKA Spinal Accessory
C: Motor O: Motor nuclei of medulla and spinal cordD: Swallowing, Trapezius & SCM
Hypoglossal (N XII)C: Motor O: Motor nuclei of medulla D: Tongue musculature
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CN XII
CN XI
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Spinal Nerves
• Sensory & Motor • Through Intervertebral
Foramina• Dermatomes
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4 Principal4 Principal PlexusesPlexusesA blend, or network, of
nerve fibers from several spinal roots.
Cervical, includes Phrenic N.BrachialLumbarSacral
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Cervical PlexusCervical Plexus
Phrenic Phrenic nervenerve - - innervates innervates diaphragmdiaphragm
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Brachial PlexusBrachial Plexus
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Nerves of Arm
Musculocutaneous nerve – innervates biceps and brachialis musclesMedian nerve - innervates lateral flexorsUlnar nerve - innervates medial flexorsRadial nerve - innervates forearm extensors
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Lumbar Plexus
Femoral Nerve
Lumbosacral Trunk (to Sciatic Nerve)
Obturator Nerve
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Sacral Sacral PlexusPlexus
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Nerves of the LegNerves of the Leg
•Sciatic N.Sciatic N.
•Thickest and LongestThickest and Longest
•Branches to Tibial and Branches to Tibial and Fibular NervesFibular Nerves
•Femoral N.Femoral N.
•Posterior aspect of legPosterior aspect of leg
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Narrow lumbar disk Narrow lumbar disk spaces result in spaces result in pressure on spinal pressure on spinal rootsroots
L-5
T-12
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The white oval is a postsurgical cyst or abscess
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Shingles• Varicella-zoster virusVaricella-zoster virus ( of herpes
family)• In dorsal root ganglia & cranial nerves• Initial infection: chicken pox