CP ChemistryCP Chemistry

Unit 12 SolutionsUnit 12 Solutions

Introductory ConceptsIntroductory Concepts

StandardsStandards

3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated 3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated processes or recurring elements in processes or recurring elements in science and technology.science and technology.

3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in 3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in nature, physical and manmade systems.nature, physical and manmade systems.

3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the 3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter.structure and properties of matter.

Solutions are …Solutions are …

Homogeneous Homogeneous mixtures mixtures Uniform throughoutUniform throughout Variable proportionsVariable proportions

Composed of two Composed of two parts …parts … Solvent:Solvent: Solute:Solute:

Solutions can be described …Solutions can be described …

Qualitatively Qualitatively DiluteDilute ConcentratedConcentrated

QuantitativelyQuantitatively Mass Percent = g solute / g of solutionMass Percent = g solute / g of solution Molarity = number of moles / liter of solutionMolarity = number of moles / liter of solution

Solubility Rules …Solubility Rules …

1.1. Most nitrate salts are soluble.Most nitrate salts are soluble.

2.2. Most salts of NaMost salts of Na++, K, K++, and NH, and NH44++ are are

soluble.soluble.

3.3. Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are AgCl, PbClexceptions are AgCl, PbCl22, Hg, Hg22ClCl22

4.4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are …exceptions are …

See full table on p. 218See full table on p. 218

Solubility CurvesSolubility Curves

Important because at Important because at a glance they tell us a glance they tell us how much solute how much solute dissolves in 100 g of dissolves in 100 g of solvent (usually solvent (usually water) at different water) at different temperatures.temperatures.

Solutions can be …Solutions can be …

Unsaturated …Unsaturated … Contain less solute Contain less solute

than the maximumthan the maximum

Saturated …Saturated … Contain the maximum Contain the maximum

solute possiblesolute possible

Supersaturated …Supersaturated … Contain more solute Contain more solute

than the maximumthan the maximum

Growing CrystalsGrowing Crystals

1.1. Make a saturated Make a saturated solutionsolution

2.2. Place your seed Place your seed crystal in the crystal in the containercontainer

3.3. Slowly allow the Slowly allow the solution to evaporatesolution to evaporate

TonightTonight

Read 15.1 – 15.3 (pp. 467-473)Read 15.1 – 15.3 (pp. 467-473)

Complete the Complete the Solutions …Introductory Solutions …Introductory ConceptsConcepts worksheet worksheet