1

COVER

2

WELCOME SPEECH

Dear Esteemed Participants/Delegates/Researchers/Professors

Welcome to the 3rd International Conference on Technology and Policy in Electric Power & Energy

(ICT-PEP 2021). This year theme is “Emerging Energy Sustainability, Smart Grid, and Microgrid

Technologies for Future Power System”. This is the second year we are holding this conference

virtually. Although this condition still hinders us to meet each other in person, I really hope that we

still can get the best experience from this conference.

I could proudly inform you that we have received 207 submissions for ICT-PEP 2021 which were

came from researchers and engineers in Indonesia and 20 other countries in the world. Only 80

papers (ICT-PEP 2021) have been selected to be presented in this conference or an acceptance rate

of nearly 40%. The abstracts of these accepted papers have been compiled into this book and the

full papers after being presented by the author will then be submitted for inclusion into IEEEXplore.

I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to IEEE Indonesia section and IEEE Power and Energy

Society (PES) Chapter for their continuous supports. Thank you Forum Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik

Elektro Indonesia/Indonesian Electrical Engineering Higher Education Forum (FORTEI) for their

inputs on the conference technical tracks. I also like to thank all the chairpersons and committee

members who have been working hard for the success of this conference. Finally, I would also like

to thank all the authors, presenters, reviewers, and participants for their contributions to ICT-PEP

2021.

I hope you enjoy ICT-PEP 2021!

Yogyakarta, 29 September 2021

Ir. Sarjiya, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPU

ICT-PEP 2021 Chair

3

COMMITTEE

Steering Committee

President Director of PT. PLN (Persero)

Director of Human Capital Management PT. PLN (Persero)

Director of Corporate Planning PT. PLN (Persero)

Chief of Center of Excellence PT. PLN (Persero)

General Manager of PT. PLN (Persero) Research Institute

Scientific Advisory Aboard

Sarjiya (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Hadi Suyono (Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia)

Tumiran (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Aries Subiantoro (University of Indonesia, Indonesia)

Mochamad Ashari (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Indonesia)

Winarno (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Zaenal A. (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Wahyudi Hasbi (IEEE Indonesia Section, Indonesia)

Arif Nur Afandi (IEEE Indonesia Power and Energy Society Chapter, Indonesia)

Technical Program Committee

Roni Irnawan (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Dian Retno Sawitri (Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Indonesia)

Rian Fatah Mochammad (University of Manchester, UK)

Hazlie Bin Mokhlis (University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Eduard Muljadi (Auburn University, USA)

Taufik (Cal Poly State University, USA)

Josep M. Guerrero (Aalborg University, Denmark)

Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Husni Rois Ali (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Rini Nur Hasanah (Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia)

Harry Indrawan (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Bennaron Sulancana (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

4

SPONSORS

Sponsored By

Technically Co-Sponsored By

5

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE

Wednesday, 29 September 2021

Time Agenda

08:00-08:30 Registration and reception 08:30-08:35 Ovening 08:35-08:40 National anthem “Indonesia Raya” 08:40-08:45 Opening speech by ICT-PEP 2021 Chair

Dr. Sarjiya 08:45-08:50 Opening speech by GM PLN Puslitbang

Ir. Iswan Prahastono, M.Phil. 08:50-08:55 Opening speech by IEEE Indonesia

Dr. Ing. Wahyudi Hasbi, S.Si., M.Kom. 08:55-09:00 Opening speech by Rector of UGM

Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng., D.Eng., IPU ASEAN Eng. 09:00-09:05 Opening speech by President Director of PLN

Ir. Zulkifli Zaini, MBA 09:05-09:10 Preparation for keynote speech by moderator 09:10-10:10 Keynote speech

Moderator: Dr. Eng. Fransisco Danang Wijaya, S.T., M.T. - Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology

- Minister of BUMN

10:10-10:15 Preparation for invited speech by moderator 10:15-12:00 Invited speech

Moderator: Dr. Eng. Fransisco Danang Wijaya, S.T., M.T. - Prof. Eduard Muljadi (Auburn University, USA)

- Prof. Josep M Guerrero (Aalborg University, Denmark)

- Prof. Andrew Blakers (Australian National University)

12:00-13:00 Break 13:00-14:00 Paralell Session I - V

5 rooms (4 papers/room, 15 min./paper) 14:00-14:30 Break 14:30-15:30 Paralell Session VI - X

5 rooms (4 papers/room, 15 min./paper)

Thursday, 30 September 2021

Time Agenda

09:00-10:00 Reception 10:00-10:05 Ovening 10:05-10:10 Preparation for invited speech by moderator

6

Time Agenda 10:10-11:30 Invited speech

Moderator: Husni Rois Ali, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D, DIC. - Dr. Sanjib Kumar Panda (National University of Singapore, Singapore)

- Dr. Ankush Ghosh (The Neotia University, India)

11:30-13:00 Break 13:00-14:00 Paralell Session XI - XV

5 rooms (5 papers/room, 15 min./paper) 14:00-14:30 Break 14:30-15:30 Paralell Session XVI - XX

5 rooms (5 papers/room, 15 min./paper) 15:30-16:00 Closing

PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

Wednesday, 29 September 2021 – Session 1

Room 1 : Electric Power Generation

Moderator : Ariyana Dwiputra N. S.T., M.T.

Dr. Irrine Budi S, ST., MT

13:00-13:15 Comparative Boiler Performance, Fuel Cost and Emission Characteristic of Co-Firing Palm Kernel Shell with Coal on Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler: An Experimental Study Nur Cahyo, PLN Research Institute

13:15-13:30 Biomass Co-Firing Effect on Coal Feeder and Draught Plant for 50 MW Class CFB Boiler Type CFPP Alfian Muhammad Reza, PT PLN Enjiniring

13:30-13:45 Method of Coal Quantity Adjustment for Commercial Purpose Using Dry Basis: A Study Case in State-Owned Thermal Power Plant Denny Murdany Muchsin, PT PLN (Persero)

13:45-14:00 Opportunities and Challenges of SSLNG for Existing Scattered Gas-Fired Power Plant in Indonesia Landscape Muhammad Idris, PT PLN (Persero)

Room 2 : Transmission and Distribution System

Moderator : Dr. Joko Muslim S.T., M.T.

Candra Febri Nugraha, M.Eng

13:00-13:15 Maximum Expansion of a Generation Based on Transmission Absorption Capability Hermagasantos Zein, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

13:15-13:30 Gantry Transposition to Reduce Unbalance Phenomena in Long Transmission and Small Loading Substations in Central Kalimantan Rifqi Fatchurrahman, PT PLN (Persero)

7

13:30-13:45 Coordination and Security Assessment of Distribution Feeder with Intermittent Renewable Generation Syafii, Universitas Andalas

13:45-14:00 Remedial Action Scheme Strategy to Mitigate N-2 Contingency on Java-Bali 500 kV Transmission System Hariadi Aji, Affiliation

Room 3 : Renewable Energy Sources

Moderator : Natalina, S.T., MEng Sc

Dr. Ir. Rini Nur Hasanah, S.T., M.Sc., IPM.

13:00-13:15 Optimization Analysis of Hybrid Power Plants by Utilizing Renewable Energy Resources in the Ulunambo Isolation System in Menui Islands, Central Sulawesi Yusmar, PT PLN (Persero)

13:15-13:30 Feasibility Study Analysis on Run-Off-Natural River Mini-Hydro Power Plant Business Development Arifin Wibisono, Soegijapranata Catholic University

13:30-13:45 Rice Husk Renewable Energy Potential in Indonesia, Case Study Biomass Steam Power Plant in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera Achmad Royhan, Institut Teknologi PLN

13:45-14:00 Technical and Economic Viability of PV Power Plants Construction for Rural Area in Nunukan North Kalimantan Rizal Wiguna, PT PLN (Persero)

Room 4 : Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Moderator : Joko Hartono S.T., M.T.

Dr. Ir. Saidah, MT

13:00-13:15 Transient Stability Detection Using CNN-LSTM Considering Time Frame of Observation Izzuddin Fathin Azhar, Universitas Gadjah Mada

13:15-13:30 Combustion Optimization of Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler in Thermal Power Plant Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Muhammad Kamal Wisyaldin, PT. Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

13:30-13:45 Implementation of Cognitive Artificial Intelligence for DGA Interpretation in 150 kV Transformer Elko Nurul Yaqin, PT PLN (Persero)

13:45-14:00 Vibration Classification of Power Plant Equipment Using Decision Tree Algorithm Approach Abdullah Ibnu Hasan, PT PLN (Persero)

Room 5 : Green Power and Grid Modernization

Moderatpr : Kevin GHM M.Eng., M.Sc

Dwi Novitasari, MT

13:00-13:15 Is Edge Computing the Answer for Smart Building Energy Management System? Shafiqur Rahman Tito, Manukau Institute of Technology

8

13:15-13:30 Renewable Energy Driven Exhaust Fan for Use in Laboratory via IOT Wan Azani Mustafa, Universiti Malaysia Perlis

13:30-13:45 Gas Emission Analysis of Low-Speed Diesel Engines When Operating Using Crude Palm Oil Nur Cahyo, PLN Research Institute

13:45-14:00 Waste-To-Energy Power Plant in Manggar Landfill Balikpapan to Provide Green Power System for Indonesia's New Capital Rizal Wiguna, PT PLN (Persero)

Wednesday, 29 September 2021 – Session 2

Room 1 : Wind Energy

Moderator : Heri Dwi Sulistyo S.T., M.T.

Dr. Fakhriy Hario Partiansyah, S.T., M.T., IPM

14:30-14:45 A Review of Wind Energy Forecasting Techniques Seemant Tiwari, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology

14:45-15:00 Loss Investment Analysis at Nusa Penida, Klungkung Wind Energy Power Plant Dimas Ragil Yanuardi, Soegijapranata Catholic University

15:00-15:15 A Wind and Solar Based AC Micro Grid with Optimized Power Quality for Local Non-Linear Loads Padma Lalitha Mareddy, Annamacharya Institute of Technology

15:15-15:30 Predicting the Power of a Wind Turbine with Machine Learning-Based Approaches from Wind Direction and Speed Data Fatih Demir, Firat University

Room 2 : Distributed Generation

Moderator : Agussalim Syamsuddin, S.T, MSc

Wijaya Yudha Atmaja, M.Eng

14:30-14:45 Optimal Placement and Sizing of Hybrid-Source Multi DVR Using Genetic Algorithm for Voltage Sag Mitigation Ni Aryani, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

14:45-15:00 Maximum Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Energy in Southern Sulawesi System Based on Primary Reserve Constrained Unit Commitment Dwiki Yudha Himawan, Universitas Gadjah Mada

15:00-15:15 Regional Clustering for Developing Electricity Systems in Archipelagic Area: A Case Study of Maluku and Papua Islands Tumiran, Universitas Gadjah Mada

15:15-15:30 Frequency Stability Consideration for Optimum Penetration of Renewable Energy: A Case of Southern Sulawesi System Gigih Ariffan Suyasno, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Room 3 : Electrical Protection

Moderator : Kemas M Tofani H S, S.T., M.T.

Hendri, Drs., MT., PhD.

14:30-14:45 DGA-Based Early Transformer Fault Detection Using GA-Optimized ANN Teguh Handjojo Dwiputranto, Universitas Gadjah Mada

9

14:45-15:00 Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relay Using PSO-DE Algorithm Handy Agung Tresnadi, Universitas Pertamina

15:00-15:15 Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relay Using Rao-1 Algorithm Samia Batool, COMSATS University Islamabad

15:15-15:30 IGBT Based and Parallel RL Fault Current Limiters for HB-MMC Hidayat Ur Rehman, UET Peshawar

Room 4 : Intelligent Control for Power System

Moderator : Heri Setyo Purnomo, S.T., M.Sc

Adha Imam Cahyadi, D.Eng

14:30-14:45 Neural-Based Intelligent Control for Buck-Boost Converter Achmad Gaffar, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda

14:45-15:00 Implementation of Voltage Control in Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter Using One-Leg plus Hysteresis Controller Agustinus Fidelis Wibisono, Soegijapranata Catholic University

15:00-15:15 Passive Shunt Harmonic Filters for Power Quality Improvement in Bharti Vidyapeeth University's Dhankawadi Campus, Pune Diksha Chopade, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College Of Engineering

15:15-15:30 Falcon Optimizer Based PIDD Controller for AGC of Dual Area Realistic System with AC-DC Links Ch Naga sai Kalyan, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology

Room 5 : Microgrid System

Moderator : Handrea Bernando Tambunan, S.T., M.Eng.

Jimmy Trio Putra, M.Eng.

14:30-14:45 Optimization for Microgrid with Considerations of Oversupply in National Grid Based on Lagrange Multiplier Huy Tran, VNU-International University

14:45-15:00 Multi Objective Dynamic DC Optimal Power Flow Considering Batteries Output on Microgrid Affan Bachri, Lamongan Islamic University

15:00-15:15 Design of a Novel Synchronized Transition Control and Processor in the Loop Validation with TI C2000 DSP TMS320F28335 for Microgrid Operations Nihal Omar, Institute of Engineering and Technology

15:15-15:30 Staged Fault Tests to Validate a Fast Protection System of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids Duong Minh Bui, Vietnamese-German University

Thursday, 30 September 2021 – Session 1

Room 1 : Photovoltaic System

Moderator : Arionmaro Asi Simaremare S.T., MEng Sc

Chico Hermanu B.A., M.Eng.

13:00-13:15 Preliminary Study of Floating Photovoltaic in Bangka Belitung Island Geraldo Hemasastra, Universitas Bangka Belitung

13:15-13:30 Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia Zainal Arifin, Institut Teknologi PLN

10

13:30-13:45 Optimal Sizing of BESS for Attaining Frequency Stability Under High PV Penetration Atik Jawad, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

13:45-14:00 Numerical Analysis of P0.6Na0.6O2.2Pb0.2 Based Large Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cell Aditya Kumar, National Institute of Technology

Room 2 : Advanced Load Forecasting Technique

Moderator : Handrea Bernando Tambunan, S.T., M.Eng.

Imron, M.Eng.

13:00-13:15 Short-Term Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Network on Various Sub System Load in PLN Indonesia Rio Indralaksono, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

13:15-13:30 Peak Load Forecasting Using Long-Short Term Memory: Case Study of Jawa-Madura-Bali System Anindita Satria Surya, PLN Research Institute

13:30-13:45 Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Short Term Load Forecasting Mahshooq Majeed, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology

13:45-14:00 LSTM-Based Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Framework with Improved Input Feature Space Abhishek Sharma, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalur

Room 3 : Smart Grid Technology

Moderator : Anggoro Primadianto, ST., M.Sc

Muhammad Fauzan Edy Purnomo, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

13:00-13:15 Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Optimum Utilization in Microgrid Applications Sumit Kumar Pandey, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., Construction

13:15-13:30 Influence of Battery Energy Storage System on System Stability in Isolated Power System Binhot Nababan, PT Prima Layanan Nasional Enjiniring

13:30-13:45 Effects of Inductor Current Ripple on the Performance of MPPT Using Boost Converter Mohammad Taufik, Universitas Padjadjaran

13:45-14:00 Electromagnetic Performance Comparison of Axial Flux Machine with Different PM Shapes for Electric Vehicles Ziaul Islam, COMSATS University Islamabad

Room 4 : Electrical Machine and Control Device

Moderator : Dheka Bakti Krisnamurti Winarno, S.T., M.T.

Dr. Ir. Rini Nur Hasanah, S.T., M.Sc., IPM.

13:00-13:15 Design of a Linear Optimal Quadratic Regulator for Frequency Control in a Two-Area Deregulated Power Market Daniel R. Jagessar, University of Arkansas

11

13:15-13:30 Balancing of 110 MW Generator by Using Historical Effect to Increase Availability and Reliability in Gresik Power Plant Novianto Arif Setiawan, PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

13:30-13:45 Re-Design Blocking End Winding Rotor Generator to Prevent Extreme Expansion of Coil Towards Axial Direction: A Case Study Yogi Baskoro, PT Indonesia Power

13:45-14:00 Design and Analysis of Novel Doubly Salient Linear Hybrid Excited Machine Basharat Ullah, COMSATS University Islamabad

Room 5 : Advanced Algorithm for Power System

Moderator : R. Dimas Dityagraha, ST, MT

I Wayan Adiyasa, M.Eng.

13:00-13:15 The Long-Term Maintenance Scheduling in Distribution System: PEA Case Study Saphol Wongborwornsarsawat, Kasetsart University

13:15-13:30 Optimal Scheduling Algorithm for Coal-Powered Power Plants - Considering Coal Delivery Constraints Harso Adjie Brotosukmono, Institut Teknologi Bandung

13:30-13:45 Reactive Power Planning of Power System Using Trajectory Sensitivity Index Tarik Ahasan Pranto, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology

13:45-14:00 Design and Analysis of Semi-Closed Stator Core Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Generator Ali Muhammad, COMSATS University Islamabad

Thursday, 30 September 2021 – Session 2

Room 1 : Power Electronics

Moderator : Muhammad Ridwan, S.T., M.T., M.Sc.

Dr. Ir. Saidah, MT

14:30-14:45 On Feasibility of Ultracapacitor Full Electric Transit Bus for Jakarta, Indonesia Vita Lystianingrum, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

14:45-15:00 Implementation XOR Logic Gate for Phase Difference Detector in Automatic Synchronizer for Synchronous Generator Ferrin Markoni, Universitas Gadjah Mada

15:00-15:15 Dual Input Quasi Z-Source DC to DC Converter Shajith Ali, SSN College of Engineering

15:15-15:30 Energy Harvesting from the Highways Based on Piezoelectric Sensors Muammer Catak, American University of the Middle East

Room 2 : Energy Policy

Moderator : Arionmaro Asi Simaremare S.T., MEng Sc

Dintani Naimah ST., MSc

14:30-14:45 Reactive Power Incentive in Distribution Network with High Penetration of PV System Abdan Hanifan Dharmasakya, Universitas Gadjah Mada

12

14:45-15:00 Customer Behavior and EV Charging Service Business Kevin Gausultan Hadith Mangunkusumo, PLN Research Institute

15:00-15:15 Assessing the Implications of Net-Zero Emissions Pathways: An Analysis of the Indonesian Power Sector Kamia Handayani, PT PLN (Persero)

15:15-15:30 A Reliable Model Based on Lagrangian Constrained Optimization to Calculate the Cost of Breaching the Bilateral Contracts in an Electricity Market System s. Abolfazl Hosseini, Islamic Azad University

Room 3 : Advanced Estimation and Prediction Approach

Moderator : Brian Bramantyo S.D.A. Harsono, S.T., M.Eng.

Wijaya Yudha Atmaja, M.Eng

14:30-14:45 The Supervised Machine Learning Approach in Predicting the Furan Compound Concentration in Power Transformer Oil Irfan Joyokusumo, PT PLN (Persero)

14:45-15:00 Estimation of EPC Cost Index for Gas Engine Power Plant Project in Indonesia Muhammad Idris, PT PLN (Persero)

15:00-15:15 Forecasting CO2 Emissions in Saudi Arabia Using Artificial Neural Network, Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models Teg Alam, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University

15:15-15:30 Predictive Analytics of Electrical Power Output of Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Machine Learning Prayogi Adista Purwanto, PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

Room 4 : Optimization and Energy Planning

Moderator : Anindita Satria Surya, S.T., M.T.

Dr. Irrine Budi S, ST., MT

14:30-14:45 Prediction of Energy Consumption in Digital Twins of Intelligent Factory by Artificial Intelligence JingYi Wu, Qingdao University

14:45-15:00 Long-Term Electricity Demand Forecast Using Multivariate Regression and End-Use Method: A Study Case of Maluku-Papua Electricity System Tumiran, Universitas Gadjah Mada

15:00-15:15 Optimization and Reduction of DC Winding Induced Voltage in 5Slot/7Pole Five Phase Non-Overlapped Stator Wound Field Flux Switching Machine Muhammad Yousuf, COMSATS University Islamabad

15:15-15:30 Generation Expansion Planning by Considering Climate-Land Use-Energy-Water (CLEW) Nexus Dwi Novitasari, Universitas Gadjah Mada

13

Room 5 : Electrical Power Monitoring and Inspection

Moderator : Dr. Andreas Purnomoadi, S.T., M.Sc.

Rizki Firmansyah Setya Budi, M.Eng.

14:30-14:45 Malicious Activity Recognition on SCADA Network IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol M. Agus Syamsul Arifin, Universitas Sriwijaya

14:45-15:00 Top Inspection and Monitoring of HV Power Line Towers Damage by UAV Zagdkhorol Bayasgalan, Power Engineering School, Mongolian University of Science and Technology

15:00-15:15 Evaluation of Feature Selection Methods for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Asad Mehmood, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila

15:15-15:30 Miniaturized Ultraviolet Imager High Voltage Power Supply: Design and Modeling Elena Postupalskaya, California Polytechnic State University

ICT-PEP 2021 IN NUMBERS

Conference Timeline

August 9, 2021

Full paper submission deadline

September 1, 2021

Notification of paper acceptance

September 22, 2021

Camera ready paper submission

September 29-30, 2021

Conference date

Submission Statistics

207 papers were submitted with corresponding statistics:

54.11%

2.42%

43.48%

Submitted Papers: Authors Region

Local Only Local and International International Only

14

95 international papers submitted came from 21 different countries with corresponding statistics:

Review Process

There are 71 reviewers

Each paper got a minimum of 3 reviews

The review score decided whether the paper is accepted or rejected

Accepted Papers Statistics

2 41

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44

1 1 1 1 14 2

17

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15

48 international papers accepted came from 18 different countries with corresponding statistics:

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ALL INVITED TALKS

Prof. Eduard Muljadi

Auburn University, United States of America

September 29, 2021

Prof. Josep M Guerrero

Aalborg Universzity, Denmark

September 29, 2021

Prof. Andrew Blakers

Australian National University, Australia

September 29, 2021

Dr. Sanjib Kumar Panda

National University of Singapore, Singapore

September 30, 2021

Dr. Ankush Ghosh

The Neotia University, India

September 29, 2021

17

ABSTRACTS

A Reliable Model Based on Lagrangian Constrained Optimization to Calculate the Cost of Breaching the Bilateral Contracts in an Electricity Market System ........................ 21

A Review of Wind Energy Forecasting Techniques ........................................................................... 22

A Wind and Solar Based Ac Micro Grid with Optimized Power Quality for Local Non-Linear Loads ............................................................................................................................ 23

Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Optimum Utilization in Microgrid Applications ......... 24

Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Short Term Load Forecasting ........................................... 25

Assessing the Implications of Net-Zero Emissions Pathways: An Analysis of the Indonesian Power Sector ............................................................................................................... 26

Balancing of 110 MW Generator by Using Historical Effect to Increase Availability and Reliability in Gresik Power Plant ............................................................................................ 27

Biomass Co-Firing Effect on Coal Feeder and Draught Plant for 50 MW Class CFB Boiler Type CFPP .................................................................................................................... 28

Combustion Optimization of Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler in Thermal Power Plant Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm ............................................................ 29

Comparative Boiler Performance, Fuel Cost and Emission Characteristic of Co-Firing Palm Kernel Shell with Coal on Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler: An Experimental Study ............. 30

Coordination and Security Assessment of Distribution Feeder with Intermittent Renewable Generation .................................................................................................................. 31

Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relay Using PSO-DE Algorithm...................................... 32

Customer Behavior and EV Charging Service Business .................................................................... 33

Design and Analysis of Novel Doubly Salient Linear Hybrid Excited Machine ............................... 34

Design and Analysis of Semi-Closed Stator Core Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Generator .......................................................................................................................... 35

Design of a Linear Optimal Quadratic Regulator for Frequency Control in a Two-Area Deregulated Power Market.......................................................................................... 36

Design of a Novel Synchronized Transition Control and Processor in the Loop Validation with TI C2000 DSP TMS320F28335 for Microgrid Operations ............................... 37

DGA-Based Early Transformer Fault Detection Using GA-Optimized ANN ................................... 38

Dual Input Quasi Z-Source DC to DC Converter ................................................................................ 39

Effects of Inductor Current Ripple on the Performance of MPPT Using Boost Converter ............. 40

Electromagnetic Performance Comparison of Axial Flux Machine with Different PM Shapes for Electric Vehicles .................................................................................................... 41

Energy Harvesting from the Highways Based on Piezoelectric Sensors.......................................... 42

Estimation of EPC Cost Index for Gas Engine Power Plant Project in Indonesia ............................ 43

Evaluation of Feature Selection Methods for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring ............................... 44

18

Falcon Optimizer Based PIDD Controller for AGC of Dual Area Realistic System with AC-DC Links ............................................................................................................... 45

Feasibility Study Analysis on Run-Off-Natural River Mini-Hydro Power Plant Business Development ................................................................................................................................... 46

Forecasting CO2 Emissions in Saudi Arabia Using Artificial Neural Network, Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models ............... 47

Frequency Stability Consideration for Optimum Penetration of Renewable Energy: A Case of Southern Sulawesi System ............................................................................. 48

Gantry Transposition to Reduce Unbalance Phenomena in Long Transmission and Small Loading Substations in Central Kalimantan ............................................................... 49

Gas Emission Analysis of Low-Speed Diesel Engines When Operating Using Crude Palm Oil ... 50

Generation Expansion Planning by Considering Climate-Land Use-Energy-Water (CLEW) Nexus .................................................................................................................................. 51

IGBT Based and Parallel RL Fault Current Limiters for HB-MMC ...................................................... 52

Implementation of Cognitive Artificial Intelligence for Dissolved Gas Analysis Interpretation in 150 kV Transformer ........................................................................................... 53

Implementation of Voltage Control in Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter Using One-Leg plus Hysteresis Controller .............................................................................................. 54

Implementation XOR Logic Gate for Phase Difference Detector in Automatic Synchronizer for Synchronous Generator .................................................................................... 55

Influence of Battery Energy Storage System on System Stability in Isolated Power System ......... 56

Is Edge Computing the Answer for Smart Building Energy Management System? ...................... 57

Long-Term Electricity Demand Forecast Using Multivariate Regression and End-Use Method: A Study Case of Maluku-Papua Electricity System ...................................... 58

Loss Investment Analysis at Nusa Penida, Klungkung Wind Energy Power Plant .......................... 59

LSTM-Based Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Framework with Improved Input Feature Space ....................................................................................................................... 60

Malicious Activity Recognition on SCADA Network IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol............................. 61

Maximum Expansion of a Generation Based on Transmission Absorption Capability .................. 62

Maximum Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Energy in Southern Sulawesi System Based on Primary Reserve Constrained Unit Commitment ......................................... 63

Method of Coal Quantity Adjustment for Commercial Purpose Using Dry Basis: A Study Case in State-Owned Thermal Power Plant .................................................................. 64

Miniaturized Ultraviolet Imager High Voltage Power Supply: Design and Modeling.................... 65

Multi Objective Dynamic DC Optimal Power Flow Considering Batteries Output on Microgrid 66

Neural-Based Intelligent Control for Buck-Boost Converter ............................................................. 67

Numerical Analysis of P0.6Na0.6O2.2Pb0.2 Based Large Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cell ......... 68

On Feasibility of Ultracapacitor Full Electric Transit Bus for Jakarta, Indonesia ............................. 69

Opportunities and Challenges of SSLNG for Existing Scattered Gas-Fired Power Plant in Indonesia Landscape ............................................................................................ 70

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relay Using Rao-1 Algorithm .............................................. 71

19

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Hybrid-Source Multi DVR Using Genetic Algorithm for Voltage Sag Mitigation .......................................................................................... 72

Optimal Scheduling Algorithm for Coal-Powered Power Plants – Considering Coal Delivery Constraints .............................................................................................................. 73

Optimal Sizing of BESS for Attaining Frequency Stability Under High PV Penetration ................. 74

Optimization Analysis of Hybrid Power Plants by Utilizing Renewable Energy Resources in the Ulunambo Isolation System in Menui Islands, Central Sulawesi ..................................... 75

Optimization and Reduction of DC Winding Induced Voltage in 5Slot/7Pole Five Phase Non-Overlapped Stator Wound Field Flux Switching Machine ..................................... 76

Optimization for Microgrid with Considerations of Oversupply in National Grid Based on Lagrange Multiplier ....................................................................................................... 77

Passive Shunt Harmonic Filters for Power Quality Improvement in Bharati Vidyapeeth University's Dhankawadi Campus, Pune ...................................................................................... 78

Peak Load Forecasting Using Long-Short Term Memory: Case Study of Jawa-Madura-Bali System .............................................................................................................. 79

Predicting the Power of a Wind Turbine with Machine Learning-Based Approaches from Wind Direction and Speed Data .................................................................... 80

Prediction of Energy Consumption in Digital Twins of Intelligent Factory by Artificial Intelligence .................................................................................................................. 81

Predictive Analytics of Electrical Power Output of Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Machine Learning ................................................................................................................ 82

Preliminary Study of Floating Photovoltaic in Bangka Belitung Island ............................................ 83

Reactive Power Incentive in Distribution Network with High Penetration of PV System ............... 84

Reactive Power Planning of Power System Using Trajectory Sensitivity Index ............................... 85

Re-Design Blocking End Winding Rotor Generator to Prevent Extreme Expansion of Coil Towards Axial Direction: A Case Study ......................................................... 86

Regional Clustering for Developing Electricity Systems in Archipelagic Area: A Case Study of Maluku and Papua Islands ................................................................................. 87

Remedial Action Scheme Strategy to Mitigate N-2 Contingency on Java-Bali 500 kV Transmission System ...................................................................................................................... 88

Renewable Energy Driven Exhaust Fan for Use in Laboratory via IOT ............................................ 89

Rice Husk Renewable Energy Potential in Indonesia, A Case Study Biomass Steam Power Plant in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera ........................................................................ 90

Short-Term Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Network on Various Sub System Load in PLN Indonesia ................................................................................ 91

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia .................................................................... 92

Staged Fault Tests to Validate a Fast Protection System of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids ............. 93

Technical and Economic Viability of PV Power Plants Construction for Rural Area in Nunukan North Kalimantan .............................................................................................. 94

The Long-Term Maintenance Scheduling in Distribution System: PEA Case Study ...................... 95

The Supervised Machine Learning Approach in Predicting the Furan Compound Concentration in Power Transformer Oil ................................................................ 96

20

Top Inspection and Monitoring of HV Power Line Towers Damage by UAV .................................. 97

Transient Stability Detection Using CNN-LSTM Considering Time Frame of Observation .......... 98

Vibration Classification of Power Plant Equipment Using Decision Tree Algorithm Approach ... 99

Waste-To-Energy Power Plant in Manggar Landfill Balikpapan to Deliver Renewable Energy for Indonesia's New Capital ....................................................................... 100

21

A Reliable Model Based on Lagrangian Constrained Optimization to Calculate the Cost of Breaching the Bilateral Contracts in an Electricity

Market System

s. Abolfazl Hosseini (Islamic Azad University, Shar-e-Rey, Iran); Amir Masoud Molaei (Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (Great Britain))

Abstract–In the current model of the electricity market, buyers and sellers of the market

conclude bilateral contracts. Then prior to consumption day, with respect to the capability

of the market, the exact and final amount of energy required for each consumer is

determined. Any energy consumption in excess of the amount specified by the contract

is supplied by the energy available to the market manager, and the amount is determined

by the market manager. Also, overproduction of producers is purchased at a fixed price

determined by the market manager. Obviously, this can be unfair to buyers, sellers, or

even both groups. In this paper, a new mechanism based on the Lagrange multipliers

method is proposed to determine the share of the difference between the actual

consumption amount and what is stated in the contract. This mechanism introduces a

criterion by which the excess consumption amount of each buyer will be associated by

the extra production of sellers proportional to what is accepted on their mutual contracts

(minimizing the sum of squared errors). Therefore, the price to be paid will be determined

according to the sum of amounts mentioned in the contracts, which seems to be fairer.

Keywords–Bilateral contracts; Electricity market; Lagrange method; Optimization

22

A Review of Wind Energy Forecasting Techniques

Seemant Tiwari and Jeeng-Min Ling (Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan)

Abstract–Because of the changeable, the wind's character, wind energy generation

varies from old-style thermal generation. Wind energy is weather-dependent, variable,

and alternating over a wide range of timescales. As a result, accurate wind energy

Forecasting is very well. As a critical component in ensuring large-scale, trustworthy wind

energy integration. Wind energy methods for forecasting are offered. Be used to

schedule unit operations by system operators promise, arrangement, and report, as well

as by energy dealers to make the best use of profit. The call for extra balancing power

and standby power to combine wind energy is reduced when wind energy forecasting is

accurate. This study offering a summary of such a comparable assessment of the most

popular methods for predicting, including those founded on physical principles,

approaches of statistical analysis, besides hybrid ways, for various scales of time.

Keywords–Meteorology; Numerical weather prediction; Physical methodologies;

Statistical ideas; Wind energy forecasting

23

A Wind and Solar Based Ac Micro Grid with Optimized Power Quality for Local Non-Linear Loads

Padma Lalitha Mareddy (HOD& AITS, Rajampet, India); Pasala Gopi (Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science (Autonomous), India); Ayisha Jabeen Shaik

(Annamacharya Institute of Science and Technology, India)

Abstract–An Energy Micro-Grid is a set of energy networks that represent all of a

community's energy needs. Energy storage systems (e.g. electrochemical storage) seem

to be a potential option for enabling a large penetration of renewable energy sources in

our traditional grid, taking into account prices, supply protection, technical sophistication,

and ease of set up. It proposes an information acquisition (μ-grid) that contains wind and

solar PV capacity, as well as battery energy storage (BES), into a three-phase power

system that feeds the time varying load. Switching controls and the self - configuration of

the Micro-grid are clarified as essential issues of boosting power quality (PQ), device

maintainability, nonlinear power control, and resource utilization. The grid voltage source

converter (GVSC) and machine voltage source converter (MVSC) are converters. The

MVSC receives its evolving signals from a widely used waveform cost estimating, as well

as encoder less rotor speed and rotor direction measurements from a wind turbine-

powered synchronous generator (SG). Incremental conductance maximum powers for

wind optimized power removal and responsive incremental conductance with flexible

disturbance phase scale for solar MPPT valuation are indeed conquered by external

environmental uncertainties. Depends on the wind speed, unstable solar insolation, and

variable load are all instances of steady state and dynamic circumstances.

MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation results are obtained successfully.

Keywords–Wind Power Generation,; Solar Photo voltaic Power Generation,; AC Micro-

grid,; MPPT,; Power quality,

24

Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Optimum Utilization in Microgrid Applications

Sumit Kumar Pandey (Larsen & Toubro Ltd., Construction, India); Kumaresan Natarajan (National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India); Harshitha S. Kumar (Larsen &

Toubro Ltd., Construction, India)

Abstract–Now-a-days in certain remote locations, microgrids are installed, supplied by

solar power. But the Photovoltaic (PV) generation and load consumption vary seasonally.

If certain minimum supply hours are fixed per day, throughout the year, it results in

underutilization of the solar plants. So, this paper aims at developing an analysis for

arriving at season wise optimum supply hours, for such microgrid installations, by taking

a case study of a 20kW solar plant installed at Tala, a remote village in the Bihar state,

India. Currently, this plant supplies only 7 hours of electricity to consumers and the plant

load factor is quite low. Each consumer kit comprises of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and

a fan along with an additional socket for mobile charging, limiting the total load to 117W.

Factors like dark hours and ambient temperature are used to assess the load requirement

of consumers in each season. For example, during hot and dry season, the fan supply

requirement is for more hours, and during very cold season, the lighting is needed for

longer time. As the solar power availability is also reduced during winter, a methodology

is developed in this paper for energy balancing between PV generation and load

consumption, which will be very useful to arrive at the optimum number of hours; the

different types of loads can be operated in a day, during various seasons in a year. To

attain continuous power supply, parallel design approach is applied to determine the

required additional PV installations.

Keywords–Photovoltaic (PV) generation; load consumption; load factor; ambient

temperature; energy balance model; parallel design approach

25

Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Short Term Load Forecasting

Mahshooq Majeed, Soumya Mudgal, Lalit Tak, Janavi Popat and Harsh Kakadiya (Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, India); Neeraj Singh (S V National Institute

of Technology Surat, India); Vasundhara Mahajan (SVNIT Surat & India, India)

Abstract–Load forecasting is an essential part of the deregulated market to determine

the future power demand accurately. A situation with generation lesser than demand

results in irregular supply, whereas the opposite results in losses for the service provider.

This paper highlights the importance of short term load forecasting using Artificial Neural

Networks. Multi-layer Perception (MPL) networks employing supervised learning

methods like back-propagation are used for the load prediction 24, 48 and 72 hours in

advance. The effectiveness and performance are analysed with MAPE as 1.87 %, 1.98 %

and 1.78 % for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively.

Keywords–Artificial Neural Networks; Short term Load Forecasting; Machine Learning;

Day-Ahead Forecast

26

Assessing the Implications of Net-Zero Emissions Pathways: An Analysis of the Indonesian Power Sector

Kamia Handayani (PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia & University of Twente, The Netherlands); Pinto Anugrah (Universitas Andalas, Indonesia)

Abstract–The Paris Agreement goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C calls for a net-zero

emission society by around 2050. This paper assesses the implications of the Indonesian

power sector's pledge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 in terms of technology

adoption, costs, and CO2 emissions. Two scenarios of net-zero emissions pathways are

simulated using the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. Results show that

the entire renewable energy potentials of Indonesia must be utilized to achieve the net-

zero emissions target, complemented with nuclear. Furthermore, energy storage plays

an important role to balance the intermittent characteristics of variable renewable energy.

The net-zero emissions target can be achieved with the total costs of capacity expansion

at 147 billion USD in the 100% new and renewable energy scenario, and 156 billion USD

in the other scenario that deploys Carbon Capture and Storage.

Keywords–net-zero emissions, electricity, renewable energy, power sector, Indonesia

27

Balancing of 110 MW Generator by Using Historical Effect to Increase Availability and Reliability in Gresik Power Plant

Novianto Arif Setiawan and Muhammad Said (PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali Subsidiaries of PT PLN (Persero) Company, Indonesia); Choliq Idris (PT Pembnagkitan Jawa Bali

Subsidiaries of PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–One of the main components for generating electrical energy is generator.

Generator function as modifiers of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Generator

can experience high vibration caused by many things, one of them is high vibration due

to unbalance. A high vibration can cause catastrophic damage to the generator.

Unbalance is the displacement of the mass centerline from the axis of rotation, a condition

where a shaft's geometric centerline and mass centerline do not coincide. Two plane

balancing is required when there is an unbalance case on the generator. In November

2019, there was a high vibration on the 110 MW generator in one of the Gresik power

plant due to an unbalance. Balancing was carried out with the existing method by going

through 3 stages; original run, trial run, and correction run. However, the method used

takes a long time of at least 24 hours to balance the generator. Furthermore in April 2021,

there was another high vibration on the same 110 MW generator caused by unbalance,

optimization of balancing was carried out by using the historical effect on the 110 MW

generator in the hope that the balancing process on the 110 MW generator could done

more quickly. Balancing with the historical effect is balancing by using the effects of the

last balancing process that has been done previously to balance the new unbalance

vibration case. This method has been applied to the case of unbalance vibration in April

2021 and could reduce the vibration of the 110 MW generator from 134 µm pp to 29 µm

pp with time efficiency up to 11.75 hours.

Keywords–Vibration; Balancing; Generator; Unbalance; Reliability; Availability

28

Biomass Co-Firing Effect on Coal Feeder and Draught Plant for 50 MW Class CFB Boiler Type CFPP

Alfian Muhammad Reza (PT PLN Enjiniring, Indonesia); Muhammad Susetyo (PT PLN Unit Induk Pembangunan Jawa Bagian Tengah I, Indonesia); Firman Bagja Juangsa

(Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Abstract–For Indonesia's renewable energy mix target in the electricity generation

sector, biomass co-firing in existing Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP) is one of the applicable

methods in the context of Indonesia's electricity generation industry. Among the various

applicable power plant, Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler-type CFPP is one of the

power plant types applicable for co-firing. As various CFB manufacturers claim, CFB

boilers can consume substantial biomass fraction, up to 30% of the original fuel mass flow

rate. However, biomass co-firing will increase the load factor of the boiler equipment,

such as coal feeders and combustion air supply draft fans. This paper shows that up to

30% of biomass co-firing can increase coal feeder working-level until 100.68% with typical

coal and 108.76% with design coal. Primary Air (PA) and Secondary Air (SA) fan load also

increased to 100.86% compared to typical coal and 100.99% compared to design coal.

As for Induced Draft (ID) fan loading can reach up to 101.10% with typical coal and

102.25% with design coal. Also, 30% biomass co-firing results in higher auxiliary power

consumption. Draft fan power consumption increases by 31.43 kW with typical coal and

43.29 kW with design coal. This study recommends that power plant engineers conduct

such analysis to compare the baseline power profile and equipment capacity to the off-

design basis of high fraction biomass co-firing. The purpose of the analysis is to identify

the various limiting factors that may arise from high fraction co-firing, such as limitation of

draft fan capacity and/or reduction of efficiency that arise due to the increase in auxiliary

power consumption.

Keywords–Renewable energy; Biomass; CFPP; Coal feeder; Draught plant

29

Combustion Optimization of Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler in Thermal Power Plant Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm

Muhammad Kamal Wisyaldin and Henry Pariaman (PT. Pembangkitan Jawa Bali, Indonesia); Andik Kurniawan (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia)

Abstract–Paiton's power plant performs coal switching from medium rank to low rank to

compete compared to power plants with new technology. It has an impact on decreasing

efficiency due to delayed combustion. Optimizing the boiler efficiency and combustion

was necessary to reduce production costs and make the plant greener. Three steps were

required to optimize the Boiler operating parameters. The first step was problem

formulation, consisting of objective functions, problem boundaries or constraints, and

optimized variables determination. The second step was a valid model representing the

characteristics of a Boiler installed in Paiton's power plant 2x400MW. Moreover, the final

step was the optimization technique suitable for the optimization problem solved. The

objective function of the paper is to provide a model and optimization of fuel and air

mixing by manipulating relevant fuel and air injection points to improve PC-boiler fuel

efficiency. The model was developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and the

Genetic Algorithm (GA) was selected as the stochastic optimization algorithm to solve the

problem. The prediction of boiler efficiency shows a good agreement with the plant data,

with a Root Mean Squared Error of 0.127. The results indicate that the use of data can

help generalize the ANN models. From the stochastic optimization (GA) simulation

results, the potential reduction of coal consumption was around 33668 kg/hours with

manipulating other operating parameters and increasing the efficiency up to 90.14%.

Keywords–Boiler Combustion; Boiler Optimization; Artificial Neural Network; Genetic

Algorithm

30

Comparative Boiler Performance, Fuel Cost and Emission Characteristic of Co-Firing Palm Kernel Shell with Coal on Circulating

Fluidized Bed Boiler: An Experimental Study

Nur Cahyo and Hamdan Hartono Alif (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia); Tiva Winahyu Dwi Hapsari (PLN Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan & PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Almas

Aprilana (PT PLN, Indonesia)

Abstract–The co-firing of palm kernel shell (PKS) was carried out at 2 units of Circulating

Fluidized Bed Boiler at PLTU Ketapang 10 MWe and PLTU Tenayan 110 MWe to

determine the impact on changes in the main operating parameters, fuel costs, and

resulting emission products. This study using direct co-firing with the existing fuel line

without making modifications to the generator. The mixing process with a ratio of 5 %

PKS is carried out at the coal yard manually. Data recording, monitoring parameters, and

sampling measurement are carried out under the performance testing standards.

Performance test result when the co-firing conditions are evaluated with performance test

result on the baseline conditions uses 100 % coal. The result shows that co-firing test of 5

% PKS at PLTU Ketapang reduces furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT) and the bed

temperature and increases the specific fuel consumption (SFC). Meanwhile, co-firing at 5

% PKS at PLTU Tenayan reduces FEGT, bed temperature and the SFC. Using SFC and fuel

prices data, co-firing 5 % palm shell at PLTU Ketapang and PLTU Tenayan saves fuel costs

of 5.09 Rp/kWh and 3.70 Rp/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, co-firing 5 % PKS in both

powerplants tends to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions. The amount of exhaust gas

emissions, both SO2 and NOx, still meets Indonesia's emission-quality standards based

on the Minister of Environment Regulation Number 15 of 2019.

Keywords–co-firing; CFB Boiler; palm kernel shell; FEGT; SFC; emission

31

Coordination and Security Assessment of Distribution Feeder with Intermittent Renewable Generation

Syafii, Athalia Alfac and Novizon Novizon (Universitas Andalas, Indonesia)

Abstract–This paper presents the analysis of over-current relay coordination and the

safety of the distribution system after the addition of a photovoltaic (PV) system and wind

turbine generation (WTG) as intermittent distributed generation (DG). The method used

in this research is a simulation on a 20 kV distribution network with 20 buses. In this study,

power flow analysis and short circuits were conducted for relay settings and selectivity

analysis. The analysis was carried out before and after the addition of a PV system and

WTG. The results show that the protective relays are coordinated appropriately, and the

security of the system runs properly before the addition of the intermittent DG. However,

after the addition of intermittent DG at a certain percentage of load power, the protective

relays are coordinated incorrectly and, under certain conditions, the security of the

system is faulty. This condition was resolved by resetting the existing relays and by adding

new relays at the intermittent DG bus. The study concludes that the addition of

overcurrent relays in the locations close to DG location makes it possible to secure the

distribution system from disturbances and to maintain the relay coordination.

Keywords–intermittent distributed generation; relay coordination; security assessment

32

Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relay Using PSO-DE Algorithm

Handy Agung Tresnadi, Muhammad Abdillah, Teguh Nugroho and Nita Pertiwi (Universitas Pertamina, Indonesia)

Abstract–A power system network has dynamic and complex characteristics. The

continuity of electricity supply to customer side from the generation in stable, secure, and

reliable is being a top priority to be considered. Preserving an operation of a power

system on its operating point depends on its protection system scheme. Furthermore,

carrying out the protection system requires a relay setting that can coordinate to carry out

security. However, calculating the time dial setting (TDS) and the pickup current on each

relay for practical work in industry is more difficult, complex, and takes a long time. In this

paper, the directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) protection is coordinated by using hybrid

particle swarm optimization - differential evolution (PSO-DE) algorithm. The proposed

method is to minimize the TDS time and operating time of the relays by satisfying the

protection coordination requirements. The simulation results showed that the total

operating time and TMS using PSO-DE have faster operating times and TDS than other

optimization algorithms.

Keywords–Optimization; Overcurrent Relay; PSO-DE

33

Customer Behavior and EV Charging Service Business

Kevin Gausultan Hadith Mangunkusumo (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia); Roni Irnawan (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia); Fajar Haryadi (PT PLN (Persero) Puslitbang

Ketenagalistrikan, Indonesia); Sunyoto Usman, Sarjiya and Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Imam Muthohar (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia); Derajad Sulistyo Widhyharto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–The transportation sector in Indonesia is estimated to absorb more than 50% of

the total national fuel consumption. One form of fuel saving effort carried out by PLN

(Indonesia's electricity company) is to encourage the growth of battery-based electric

vehicles (EV). On the other hand, a strategy of adding electrical loads is needed to absorb

underutilized power plants and increase the percentage of annual load growth. Electricity

charging infrastructure for EV is an alternative solution to solve these problems. In this

study, cluster sampling and purposive sampling methods were used. Furthermore, in

order to improve the comprehensiveness of the research, a Focus Group Discussion

(FGD) was conducted by involving the government, experts, observers, and

transportation business actors as well as corresponding PLN Units. From the result, it is

known that important aspects in the development of public electric vehicle charging

stations (SPKLU) are: designation, development, and governance, its locations, and

payment systems. SPKLU business development needs to pay attention to driving

behavior (mobility and driving time) which forms a monocentric and polycentric pattern,

i.e. correlated with the driving anxiety factor. Optimizing the functions of these aspects

for SPKLU businesses must be supported by stakeholder engagement (participation of

the government, PLN, investors, implementing contractors, and suppliers), good

governance, and customer adaptability.

Keywords–Electric Vehicle; Behavior; Governance; Infrastructure

34

Design and Analysis of Novel Doubly Salient Linear Hybrid Excited Machine

Basharat Ullah (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan); Faisal Khan (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan); Muhammad

Qasim, Shahid Hussain, Bakhtiar Khan and Ali Muhammad (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan)

Abstract–In this paper, a novel doubly salient linear hybrid excited machine (DSLHEM) is

proposed. The armature and field windings of the proposed design are non-overlapped.

The iron bridge is designed next to PM to offer a second magnetic flux path for DC

excitation. This will increase the magnetic flux and hence the thrust force. The proposed

machine has all excitation sources housed on the mover, and the stator is completely

passive, which makes it suitable for long stroke applications. Field windings are used,

which improves the flux linkage, and hence the proposed machine has better flux

regulation capacity at different field currents. The design parameters are optimised using

parametric optimization. Finally, the proposed machine is compared with a conventional

machine, 8.89% higher average thrust force was achieved with a 53% reduction in the

volume of PM while keeping the volume of the whole machine constant.

Keywords–Finite element analysis; flux regulation; hybrid excited doubly salient

machine; iron bridges; non overlapped winding

35

Design and Analysis of Semi-Closed Stator Core Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Generator

Ali Muhammad (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan); Faisal Khan (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan); Muhammad

Yousuf and Basharat Ullah (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan)

Abstract–This paper presents a new permanent magnet Transverse flux generator

(PMTFG) for wind energy production. The key feature of its composition is the double

armature coil in semi-closed stator core. The main structural difference of the presented

design is the use of double coil in the semi-closed stator core using same space of semi-

closed stator core and reduced number of stator pole pairs and rotor magnets from 12/24

to 10/20, which makes the design simpler and cheaper especially in large-scale

transverse flux generator. 3D simulations are performed using FEM to measure induced

voltage and the distribution of magnetic field at no load. The finite element analysis (FEA)

is performed to quantify the change in flux linkage, induced voltage, and output power

as a function of different speed and load current. Four models are simulated for finite

element analysis with single and double coil configuration and load analysis is performed

on all simulated models. Finally, results are compared with conventional transverse flux

generator (TFG). Results shows that PMTFG with double coil configuration has improved

electromagnetic performance in terms of flux linkage, induced voltage, output power and

efficiency.

Keywords–Double Coil; Permanent Magnet Machines; Semi-Closed Stator Core;

Transverse Flux Generator

36

Design of a Linear Optimal Quadratic Regulator for Frequency Control in a Two-Area Deregulated Power Market

Daniel R. Jagessar, Pierre O. Dorile and Roy McCann (University of Arkansas, USA)

Abstract–Meeting the load demand on an electric power system, safety and reliability

have been of the utmost importance for transmission system operators worldwide. Even

with the deregulation of the electricity market, this priority is still in place. The

Transmission System Operator (TSO) needs to keep the frequency in the permissible

interval to avoid load shedding. Since loads in a power system is a random variable, a

power system is never in steady-state condition. Its frequency is fluctuating constantly. At

each instance, the load balance equation should be met to keep the frequency in safe

ranges. On each generator is installed an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) control

system to regulate the frequency. The control of the AGC is tuned to follow the change in

load demand to keep the frequency in the prescribed ranges. The design of the controller

is crucial to meet these requirements. In this paper, the popular design method called

Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) will be implemented to regulate the frequency of a two-

area electricity market when the load is fluctuating in one of the areas. The results will be

compared with the case when the LQR is not used to portray its role in the frequency

regulation of the power system.

Keywords–Linear Quadratic Design; frequency regulation performance; linear

programming; frequency stability

37

Design of a Novel Synchronized Transition Control and Processor in the Loop Validation with TI C2000 DSP TMS320F28335 for Microgrid

Operations

Nihal Omar and Anil Tiwari (Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India); Seethalekshmi K. (Institute of Engineering & Technology, IET, Lucknow, India)

Abstract–Microgrid (MG) technology is essential for power systems to be more resilient

and to make use of natural energy resources to fulfill our electricity demand. MG generally

operates in grid-connected and isolated mode. The crucial part of MG control is during

the transition between these two modes which is called synchronize transition control

(STC). In this paper, a novel reference input generation mechanism (RIGM) based control

technique is proposed for improving the performance of MG during the transition from

isolated mode to grid-connected mode. Extensive simulation-based studies are

performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to validate the effectiveness of the

proposed control technique and for comparison with conventional control. Results show

that the proposed technique improves the transition time performance of MG. Further, a

processor in the loop (PIL) validation of the proposed control strategy has been

successfully carried out using a TI C2000 DSP TMS320F28335 microcontroller.

Keywords–grid connected mode; isolated mode; processor in the loop; reference input

generation mechanism; synchronize transition control

38

DGA-Based Early Transformer Fault Detection Using GA-Optimized ANN

Teguh Handjojo Dwiputranto, Noor Akhmad Setiawan and Teguh Bharata Adji (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–In the electricity transmission and distribution network, power transformer is

one of the most important and expensive equipment. The transformers determine the

availability and reliability of the power grid, and will have a direct impact on the electricity

distribution to consumers and have an impact on the financial sector. One of the efforts

to maintain the availability of the transformers is to identify potential faults earlier.

Dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) is a popular technique for this. However, the DGA data

is not linear, so need to find an analysis method that is capable to handle this

characteristic. The purpose of this experiment is to develop an artificial intelligence based

method that can accurately and reliably classify the type of transformer fault based on

DGA data with three performance metrics, namely accuracy, precision, and recall. The

method proposed is to combine Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network which

is called GA-ANN. GA is used for attribute selection, while ANN is the fault classifier. It

was found that the proposed method has superior performance compared to

conventional methods. The accuracy of proposed method is 0.95, while for conventional

methods, the highest is 0.72. In terms of precision and recall, in general the value is higher

with a minimum of 0.89 compared to 0.04 of the conventional methods. The high values

of precision and recall are the contribution of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling

Technique which is applied in the pre-processing data.

Keywords–Power Transformer; Dissolved Gas-in-oil Analysis (DGA); Artificial Neural

Network (ANN); Genetic Algorithm (GA); Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique

(SMOTE)

39

Dual Input Quasi Z-Source DC to DC Converter

Shajith Ali (SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India)

Abstract–The configuration of a dual input quasi Z-source DC-DC converter is purported

in this paper. Two input voltage sources can be independently connected to the circuit.

These sources can drive the load either individually or collectively. This converter is

derived from impedance source converters, so the boosting operation is also achieved.

So this converter is mostly suitable for renewable energy applications with source of

photovoltaic array, fuel cell or wind turbine at one input and battery or other storage units

at the other input. This converter boosts the input voltage with a high voltage gain with

mitigated voltage stress across the devices and capacitors. The operation of the converter

is presented along with four possible operating states. The concepts are illustrated

through simulation results.

Keywords–Dual input; Renewable energy; Voltage boost; Z-source converter

40

Effects of Inductor Current Ripple on the Performance of MPPT Using Boost Converter

Mohammad Taufik (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia); Alan Nonaka (California Polytechnic State University, USA); Fawwaz Huzayfa (Arizona State University, USA); Rhafi

Mahatvayodha (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia); Taufik Taufik (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA)

Abstract–With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the

coming decades, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) will be essential to optimizing

power output. One underserved topic of research is inductor current ripple's effect on

MPPT algorithm performance. This study uses a boost converter topology to test the

performance of constant duty cycle Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance and

Constant Voltage PID algorithms. Inductor current ripple is controlled solely by changing

inductance. This study concluded that all three algorithms were quite robust and affected

very little over an inductor current ripple factor range of 20% to 40%. One novel finding

was increased duty cycle oscillations when the MPPT update, and sample speed was

faster than the boost converter response.

Keywords–MPPT; Boost Converter; Renewable Energy; Photovoltaics; DC-DC Converter

41

Electromagnetic Performance Comparison of Axial Flux Machine with Different PM Shapes for Electric Vehicles

Ziaul Islam (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan); Faisal Khan (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan); Basharat Ullah,

Muhammad Yousuf, Shahid Hussain and Muhammad Qasim (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan)

Abstract–Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine is a prominent candidate with

the characteristics and compactness of high torque density, higher efficiency, and high

flux linkage due to the mitigation of torque ripples, which is generally preferred in an

electric vehicle application. Different topologies of AFPM are investigated to improve the

average torque and minimize the cogging torque and torque ripples. The main target of

this paper is to improve the performance of the machine at the cost of low PM volume.

This paper evaluates the dual rotor single stator AFPM machine in terms of the cogging

torque, torque ripples, back EMF, flux linkage, and average torque. The machine's

performance with different PM shapes is analyzed, and arc shape PM exhibits excellent

performance. Further, in an arc shape, AFPM machine with triangular arc shape PM shows

better performance than conventional trapezoidal, Hexa, and skew arc shape PM.

Keywords–Axial flux permanent magnet machine; toroidal winding; flux linkage; average

torque; torque ripples

42

Energy Harvesting from the Highways Based on Piezoelectric Sensors

Muammer Catak (American University of the Middle East, Kuwait); Fatma Bogammaz, Sarah Alajmi, Sarah AlObaid, Ilaf AlOmar and Baina Alkafeef (AUM, Kuwait)

Abstract–The CO 2 emission and greenhouse gasses due to the energy sources that are

being used today such as coal, oil, and natural gases being pumped into the air are

causing the rise of sea levels, increasing the temperature and extreme weathering

conditions. The main aim of this study is to generate clean energy from vibration and the

pressure caused by a vehicle car traveling on the highways. In this work, a piezoelectric

energy harvesting system is proposed. The system has been built up and implemented

in Kuwait. According to the results, although the harvested energy cannot be compared

to the traditional ones, it might be used for street lighting and for some emergency cases.

Keywords–energy harvesting; vibration; piezoelectric; sensors

43

Estimation of EPC Cost Index for Gas Engine Power Plant Project in Indonesia

Muhammad Idris (PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–Cost estimation is one of the important things before the project is executed. It

will describe how much the capital cost should be spent on the project. In the early

project, it is difficult to get the appropriate cost estimation for a specific design. However,

getting the high accuracy is very complex, expensive, and time-consuming due to

requiring much information about the project. In the last decade, many GEPP projects

already have been constructed. The previously executed projects could be the reference

for the cost estimation for the next project. Those data could be analyzed for the EPC

approximation model. Based on this data, the study developed the cost estimation

equation. This study was assumed that categorized as Class 5 of AACE. The

approximation model was developed by using a least-squares method which is

expressed with a non-linear family equation. The unit is expressed by cost index unit in

USD/kW with input variable of power output in MW. The additional coefficient was added

to distinguish the cost for each region. The approximation model has been validated by

other methods and verified by the actual feasibility studies. However, this estimation can

describe how much the cost shall be budgeted before the project is executed easily. The

estimation is intended for budgetary purposes and not be able for bidding evaluation

due to less of a project definition.

Keywords–estimation; cost index; EPC; GEPP

44

Evaluation of Feature Selection Methods for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Asad Mehmood (University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan); Malik Intisar Ali Sajjad (University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan);

Muhammad Naeem Ullah (Govt. College of Technology Faisalabad, Pakistan); Rehan Liaqat (University of Engineering and Technology Taxila & Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan); Muhammad Zaigham Abbas and Allah Wasaya

(University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan)

Abstract–Residential and commercial buildings consume a major portion of electrical

energy. Efficient and smart usage of electrical energy requires a detailed analysis of

energy usage across all appliances in residential and commercial buildings. Non-intrusive

load monitoring (NILM) is a method that disaggregates the total power into individual

appliance's consumption. In this paper, according to the IEEE standard 1459, different

power quantities are found by using the voltage and current signals of different appliance

events (ON/OFF). Then three feature selection algorithms i.e., neighborhood component

analysis (NCA), minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR), Chi-squared tests

(CST) are used to select the most prominent set of features. The selected features are then

used as input to the classifier for the classification of appliances into pre-defined classes.

The proposed method has reduced the computational time and improved classification

results.

Keywords–energy disaggregation; MRMR; NCA; NILM; computational time

45

Falcon Optimizer Based PIDD Controller for AGC of Dual Area Realistic System with AC-DC Links

Ch Naga sai Kalyan (Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, India); Srikanth Goud B (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation & Anurag College of Engineering, India); Ch Rami Reddy (Malla Reddy Engineering College); B Nagi Reddy (Vignana Bharathi

Institute of Technology, India); Mohit Bajaj (National Institute of Technology Delhi, India); A V Sudhakara Reddy (Malla Reddy Engineering College, India)

Abstract–This paper introduces the application of Proportional-Integral-Double

Derivative (PIDD) controller fine-tuned with falcon optimization algorithm (FOA) for

automatic generation control (AGC) of dual area realistic system. Put forwarded the

analysis up on laying a disturbance in step load (SLP) of 10% on area-1. However, the

efficacy of presented approach is manifested by comparing with other control

approaches reported in recent literature and also with other soft computing algorithms.

Later, DC line is employed in parallel with the AC line to intensify the system performance

further. Simulation results reveal the enhancement in realistic system performance with

AC-DC lines under presented controller.

Keywords–Falcon Optimization Algorithm; AC-DC Links

46

Feasibility Study Analysis on Run-Off-Natural River Mini-Hydro Power Plant Business Development

Arifin Wibisono and Akhiles Krisna Damarjati Santoso (Soegijapranata Catholic University, Indonesia)

Abstract–The electrical energy demand in the world is increasing every year. Almost all

of the tools that support human daily life require electrical energy. To supply an

increasing demand for electrical energy for humans, power plants are needed. There is

two energy source of power plants, un-renewable and renewable energy source.

Renewable energy is energy to produce electricity that can be obtained from natural

resources that can be constantly replenished. One of the main potential sources of

renewable energy in Indonesia is the mini-hydro hydro power plant The feasibility study

analysis and methods on the mini-hydro power plant business development includes

technical and economic analysis. On the technical side, the most important element is a

topographical and hydrological analysis which will affect the annual energy production.

On the economical side, the most important elements are financial and investment

analysis. from the analysis and simulation of the feasibility study carried out, the

development on the run-of-natural river mini-hydro power plant has an advantage, such

a: Feed-in tariff trends continues to increase, direct sales to PLN with 20 years power

purchase agreement duration, high net income, and no penalties. Based on all the

calculation analysis mean the development on the run-of-natural river mini-hydro power

plant is feasible to be built as a producer and provider of clean electricity and business.

Keywords–energy demand; run-of-natural river; mini-hydro power plant; business

development; feasible

47

Forecasting CO2 Emissions in Saudi Arabia Using Artificial Neural Network, Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, and Autoregressive

Integrated Moving Average Models

Teg Alam (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia); Ali Alarjani (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University KSA, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract–Forecasting models are critical tools for achieving economic development and

policy-making in a country. The main goal of this study is to forecast CO2 emissions in the

kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, Saudi Arabia's CO2 emissions are predicted using

models of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing (H-

W), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). This research uses statistical

software to forecast time series data using ANN, H-W, and ARIMA models on the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's CO2 emissions from 1960 to 2014. In addition, this study

shows the forecast model accuracy using various accuracy measures. The ARIMA (2,1,2)

model is found to be suitable for predicting the CO2 emissions of the Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia. This study also aims to clarify the current state of CO2 emissions. This study will

assist the researcher in better understanding CO2 emission forecasts. In addition,

government entities can use the findings of this study to establish strategic plans.

Keywords–Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing (H-W);

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA); Forecasting; CO2 emissions

48

Frequency Stability Consideration for Optimum Penetration of Renewable Energy: A Case of Southern Sulawesi System

Gigih Ariffan Suyasno, Lesnanto Multa Putranto and Mokhammad Isnaeni Bambang Setyonegoro (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Suroso Isnandar (PT. PLN (Persero),

Indonesia); Dwiki Yudha Himawan (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–Indonesia has commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing

the portion of renewable energy in its electricity system. This is supported by the high

wind energy potential on the island of Sulawesi. The large penetration of wind power

plant (WPP) affects the frequency stability of the system. This study determines the level

of WPP penetration based on frequency stability analysis and the unit commitment

procedure. The optimum determination procedures are simulated under DIgSILENT

Power Factory and Python environments on weekday and weekend load condition. The

results show that the optimum penetration level for the weekday and weekend load

condition are 27% and 32%, respectively. Under this condition the nadir frequency is kept

above 49 Hz when the largest generator is trip from the system.

Keywords–penetration level; wind power plant; frequency stability; primary reserve

49

Gantry Transposition to Reduce Unbalance Phenomena in Long Transmission and Small Loading Substations in Central Kalimantan

Rifqi Fatchurrahman (PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero), Indonesia); Herlambang Prawatya (PLN, Indonesia); Ariesa Zakaria (PT PLN (Persero) UIKL Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Abstract–According to the basic concept, the transposition of transmission line phases is

intended to reduce the current and voltage unbalances in the normal operation of a

power system. Transposition is generally implemented by dividing the transmission line

into several sections to reverse the phase using a transposition tower. In this paper,

transposition was implemented on the gantry at the substation. It makes the method

simpler, faster, and more economical. There is no need for a transposition tower.

Simulations were carried out at the end of radial lines in Central Kalimantan to compare

the gantry transposition and the transposition using the transposition tower before and

after reactor operation due to high voltage phenomena. The results show that gantry

transposition can minimize losses, improve protection sensitivity, and improve electricity

quality. Transposition in the substation gantry is recommended at lines Pangkalan Bun-

Nanga Bulik (S-R-T), Nanga Bulik-Sukamara (S-T-R), Pangkalan Bun-Sukamara (S-T-R), and

Bagendang-Kuala Pambuang (S-R-T). According to simulation results, the gantry

transposition can reduce the unbalance at the end of radial lines of Sukamara substation

from 4.83% to 0.75% and Kuala Pambuang substation from 3.57% to 0.61% (night peak

load).

Keywords–unbalance; transposition; transmission line model; gantry; substation

50

Gas Emission Analysis of Low-Speed Diesel Engines When Operating Using Crude Palm Oil

Nur Cahyo (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia); Meiri Triani (PT PLN (Persero), Research Institute, Indonesia); Ruly Sitanggang (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia)

Abstract–The purpose of this research was to evaluate the emissions of two low-speed

diesel engines while running on Crude Palm Oil (CPO) fuel. The study was conducted at

two different diesel power plants. Before entering the engine, CPO fuel was treated by

heating, filtration, and purification to ensure that the CPO characteristics met the engine's

specifications. During the test, Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), and Carbon

Monoxide (CO) emissions were measured using an MRU-Vario flue gas analyzer at the

turbocharger taping line. Each unit was tested using by biodiesel (B20) and CPO. The

investigation compared two scenarios to the observed differences in emission products.

The maximum emission product value is assessed using the Indonesian emission-quality

standard as stated in the MoEF regulation Number 15/2019. When using CPO fuel, SO2

emissions are reduced by 118 mg/Nm 3 on Engine Unit #A and 192 mg/Nm 3 on Engine

Unit #B. CPO emits more NOx than B20 and tends to increase with load. NOx emissions

increase by 75% to 175% on Engine Unit #A and 17% to 25% on Engine Unit #B. As the

load test is increased, the CO content rises. In the combustion chamber, incomplete

combustion occurs. The SO2 and CO emissions continue to meet the MoEF Regulation.

The NOx emissions, on the other hand, surpass the MoEF limit threshold. More study on

fuel carburetion CPO and ideal air, fuel, and combustion temperatures is required for

effective combustion.

Keywords–crude palm oil; diesel engine; power plant; emission; combustion

51

Generation Expansion Planning by Considering Climate-Land Use-Energy-Water (CLEW) Nexus

Dwi Novitasari, Sarjiya, Sasongko Hadi and Rachmawan Budiarto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–Climate change significantly impacts people's lives. Since the declaration of

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the nexus of climate change, land use, energy,

and water (CLEW) has attracted attention. As an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia,

Indonesia was predicted to experience a significant impact of climate change. To

minimize the impact of climate change, the government of Indonesia (GOI) commits to

reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the Paris Agreement. One of the plans

is in the energy sector, in which 87% of existing power plants are made up of fossil fuels.

According to the GOI target, renewable energy (RE) should share the national energy mix

of a minimum of 31% by 2050. However, RE resources are highly dependent on the

natural condition. Currently, Indonesia's long-term planning has not considered the

impact of the CLEW Nexus on RE power generation. This paper reviews the generation

expansion planning (GEP) method considering CLEW in Indonesia. Systematic literature

review (SLR) was conducted as a methodology of the research. Based on the review

results, the system dynamics method is one of the possible solutions to the generation

expansion planning problems considering the CLEW nexus.

Keywords–CLEW; GEP; method; nexus

52

IGBT Based and Parallel RL Fault Current Limiters for HB-MMC

Hidayat Ur Rehman (UET Peshawar, Pakistan)

Abstract–Half Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter (HB-MMC), a sub-module of modular

multilevel converter (MMC) which is widely accepted voltage source converter (VSC)

topology for high voltage DC (HVDC) systems. HB-MMC has a disadvantage that it did

not limit, clear DC fault current and protect IGBT converter from damage. For confining

DC fault current, it is necessary to place fault current limiter (FCL) in series with HB-MMC.

In this paper, Author presents two novel fault current limiter i.e. IGBT based fault current

limiter and Parallel RL fault current limiter. IGBT based fault current limiter consists of

IGBTs and diode which are connected in parallel to each other. The aim of IGBT is to

circumscribe DC fault current while diode is connected to make system stable and make

power flow normal when there is no fault. As known that DC circuit breakers are made of

IGBT and diodes so due to this property, IGBT based FCL perform two functions i.e. to

circumscribe large DC fault current and also clear DC fault current. The RL circuit has

connected in series with HB-MMC. Due to no zero crossing point in DC systems, Hybrid

DC circuit breaker (HDCCB) has been connected in series with HB-MMC to clear the fault

instantly. IGBT based fault current limiter confine the fault current to 4 kA from 14 kA

which is 72% reduction in fault current and clear fault current within 14 ms and restore

system instantly. The parallel RL circuit confines the fault current to 3.6 kA from 14 kA

which shows 75% suppression of maximum DC fault current. With the help of HDCCB, the

fault is cleared within 18 ms. The PSCAD/EMTDC has been used for designing of HB-

MMC, IGBT-FCL, Parallel RL circuit and HDCCB.

Keywords–Fault Current; Parallel RL fault current Limite; IGBT based FCL

53

Implementation of Cognitive Artificial Intelligence for Dissolved Gas Analysis Interpretation in 150 kV Transformer

Elko Nurul Yaqin (PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Umar Khayam (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Abstract–Cognitive artificial intelligence (CAI) is a new method in artificial intelligence (AI)

that can emulate the human brain's ability for doing Knowledge growing systems (KGS).

Previous research has presented the application of CAI based on Doernenburg ratio

method (DRM) for Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) interpretation using IEC TC 10 dataset

labeled. This paper implements CAI to the 150 kV transformer in Sepatan substations PT

PLN (Persero) UPT Durikosambi UIT Jawa Bagian Barat. This paper also adds a

comparison with several methods, there are: Fuzzy inference system (FIS), Duval triangle,

Roger's ratio method (RRM), and Doernenburg ratio method (DRM). For the results, if

referring to all data based on PLN's analysis, the accuracy of CAI shows 91.67%, whereas

if it only refers to faults condition, the accuracy of CAI shows 100%. These results are the

same as FIS. Thus, it can be concluded that this new method (CAI) can be implemented

in DGA interpretation.

Keywords–Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (CAI); Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

interpretation; Information Fusion; Knowledge Growing System (KGS)

54

Implementation of Voltage Control in Single-Phase Full Bridge Inverter Using One-Leg plus Hysteresis Controller

Agustinus Fidelis Wibisono and Leonardus Heru Pratomo (Soegijapranata Catholic University, Indonesia)

Abstract–This paper discusses a single phase full bridge inverter with a new strategy,

namely hysteresis control with zero crossing detector. Full bridge inverters are commonly

used in UPS (uninterruptible power supply) applications. The full bridge inverter needs a

high frequency signal to gain a maximum output. The simple strategy to control the single

phase full bridge inverter is hysteresis control. The disadvantage of this strategy arises

when facing a high frequency signal because it produces an overlapping signal. The

solution to avoid it is by using a zero crossing detector strategy. By using a combined

strategy within hysteresis and zero crossing detector, it allows implementation of high

frequency signals to the power switches. Based on modeling, hardware implementation

and laboratory measurements, this strategy produces good results with low ripple,

smoother, and maintain a stable signal. The result calculated by simulation show THD

value of 3,85% .

Keywords–inverter full bridge; hysteresis; unipolar; ripple; zero crossing detector

55

Implementation XOR Logic Gate for Phase Difference Detector in Automatic Synchronizer for Synchronous Generator

Ferrin Markoni and Tiyono (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–Connecting a synchronous generator to line have to be careful or it can make

some problems. There are several conditions to meet if synchronous generator is

synchronizing with line such as voltage, frequency, and phase difference. In this paper,

only focusing on how to measure the phase difference between synchronous generator

and line. This value can be used for controlling generator's speed to achieve zero phase

difference in automatic synchronizer. Measuring phase difference can use synchronizing

lamp but there are some disadvantages such as lamp becomes dark at about half its rated

voltage even though phase difference not zero, and it cannot tell exactly what the value

of phase difference is. XOR logic gate can solve that problems, it can detect phase

difference between synchronous generator and line up to 180 degrees. This research

also creates a software that can act like synchroscope.

Keywords–Synchronizing; Synchronous Generator; Automatic Synchronizer; XOR Logic

Gate

56

Influence of Battery Energy Storage System on System Stability in Isolated Power System

Binhot P Nababan (PT Prima Layanan Nasional Enjiniring, Indonesia); Kadek Fendy Sutrisna (PT PLN Enjiniring, Indonesia); Muhammad Agung Pratama (PT Prima Layanan

Nasional Enjiniring, Indonesia); Silvia Wahyuni Nainggolan (Prima Layanan Nasional Enjiniring, Indonesia)

Abstract–This paper analyzes the effect of battery energy storage system (BESS) on

isolated power systems due to the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) power

plants. The degradation of the inertia system is a characteristic that is encountered when

the penetration level of electronics-based power plants, like PV power plants, in a certain

electricity system is high. As a result, faster frequency drift will occur following a

contingency event, such as the loss of a generating unit. By injecting active power after a

contingency event, BESS can support and improve system dynamic performance. The

provision of dynamic frequency control support by BESS has been studied in the case of

the island of Timor in Indonesia. The effect of BESS is analyzed by performing a digital

simulation using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software. Work on impacting factors, such

as BESS rated power, droop, and time activated reaction were attempted to discover out

their effect on system. It appears that the BESS can improve the dynamic response of

isolated power system.

Keywords–BESS; isolated power system; inertia; power electronics; inertial response;

primary frequency response

57

Is Edge Computing the Answer for Smart Building Energy Management System?

Shafiqur Rahman Tito, Snjezana Soltic and Barkha Parkash (Manukau Institute of Technology, New Zealand); Attique Ur Rehman (Horizon Energy Group, New Zealand);

Pieter Nieuwoudt and Saad Aslam (Manukau Institute of Technology, New Zealand); Tek Tjing Lie (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand); Neel Pandey and M. Daud

Ahmed (Manukau Institute of Technology, New Zealand)

Abstract–Forty percent of total generated electrical energy is consumed in buildings.

Increasing the efficiency of energy consumption in a building will lead to the reduction of

greenhouse gases. With the advent of the smart grid, smart energy management systems

can enhance the efficiency of energy consumption in a building. The operation of

appliances in a building can be scheduled based on the information of available energy

and its cost, thus increases efficiency and reduces the energy usage cost. This paper

explores the existing literature on the proposal for the implementation of smart building

energy management systems intending to identify the research direction in this field.

Based on existing literature, it is found that an energy management system can be

implemented locally on smart edge devices such as Arduino, Raspberry-Pi, System-On-

Chip (SOC), etc., on remote computing engine, or a system built in a combination of edge

devices and remote server (edge computing/cloud computing). The primary objective of

this article is to find out the direction of future research in this field.

Keywords–Smart buildings; energy management; load disaggregation; demand

response; edge device/computing; cloud computing

58

Long-Term Electricity Demand Forecast Using Multivariate Regression and End-Use Method: A Study Case of Maluku-Papua Electricity

System

Tumiran, Sarjiya and Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Edwin Nugraha Putra (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Rizki Firmansyah Setya Budi

(Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia); Candra Febri Nugraha (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)

Abstract–One of the most important stages in electric power system planning is load

forecasting. An accurate demand forecast model is required to create the most optimal

plan. Long-term demand forecasts are developed in this study using regression and end-

use models. Simulation is carried out to determine the load demand of the Maluku-Papua

system through 2050. The variables that have the greatest influence on demand

forecasting, according to data analysis, are gross regional domestic product (GRDP),

population, electrification ratio, and electricity price. The electricity demand in Maluku-

Papua is expected to rise by 5.7% in the business as usual (BaU) scenario and 6.7% in the

High scenario. The peak load is expected to increase by 5.6% in the BaU scenario and

6.5% in the High scenario. Furthermore, the results of the demand forecast can be used

to determine policies and the planning of the electric power system.

Keywords–electricity demand forecasting; multivariate regression; end-use method;

Maluku-Papua

59

Loss Investment Analysis at Nusa Penida, Klungkung Wind Energy Power Plant

Arifin Wibisono, Dimas Ragil Yanuardi and Giovanni Thorton Aaron (Soegijapranata Catholic University, Indonesia)

Abstract–Wind energy power plant is one of the renewable energy power plants that is

environmentally friendly and has good work efficiency. The development of renewable

energy in Indonesia, one of which is wind energy, which was launched Wind Map in 2017

makes it easier to use Indonesia's wind energy. The development of existing technology

to take advantage of the potential of wind in Indonesia has supported and can convert

this potential into maximum electricity and maintain continuity in power distribution. The

construction and development of Wind Power is a new technology developed in Bali,

especially at Nusa Penida. This paper examines investment losses with site identification,

calculation, analysis, and simulation methods. Lack of human resource capability is one

of the disadvantages of the failure of Nusa Penida Wind Energy Power Plant because it

takes a long time to handle maintenance and repair of PLT Bayu units and frequent

breakdowns of the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) so that repair costs going to

increase.

Keywords–wind energy power plant; investment; losses; maintenance; cost

60

LSTM-Based Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Framework with Improved Input Feature Space

Abhishek Sharma (Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalur, India); Sachin Kumar Jain (PDPM IIITDM Jabalpur, India)

Abstract–This paper presents a Long short-term memory (LSTM) based framework for a

block and an hour ahead forecasting. LSTMs are the most suitable neural network

architecture for sequence learning as it allows learning long-term dependencies without

vanishing the gradients. The lagged variables have been used as separate features for

load series, determined by studying the original series's correlogram. The lags with the

highest autocorrelation have been chosen as the features. The proposed framework has

been tested on real data of different zones of the Madhya Pradesh State Load Dispatch

Centre (SLDC) in India. The results show that the proposed methodology outperforms the

listed rival algorithms by a considerable margin.

Keywords–Recurrent neural network, long short term memory, short-term load

forecasting, deep learning, Time-series prediction

61

Malicious Activity Recognition on SCADA Network IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol

M. Agus Syamsul Arifin (Universitas Sriwijaya & Universitas Bina Insan, Indonesia); Deris Stiawan (University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia); Susanto Susanto (Sriwijaya University &

Universitas Bina Insan, Indonesia); Dwi Prasetya (PLN, Indonesia); Rahmat Budiarto (Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia); Mohd. Yazid Idris (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Malaysia)

Abstract–As SCADA (Supervisory Control Acquisition Data) has extended to a

heterogeneous network, makes it opens to any type of internet attack/malicious activity.

Malicious activities in the SCADA network may disrupt the control and monitoring process

of industrial equipment. These activities can be in the form of Unauthorized Access, Port

Scanning, and SYN flood. Each Malicious Activity has features that can be a way to identify

it. This paper attempts to investigate the malicious activities in the SCADA network

running the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. Raw traffic data from the SCADA network were

recorded in pcap format. Next, by using Snort and Suricata software the characteristics of

malicious activities are identified, and then observed using Wireshark software. The

observation will produce attacks characteristics/features. The malicious activities in the

SCADA network traffic records revealed in this study are SYN Flood, Port Scan,

Unauthorized Access and Invalid data on CoT (Cause of Transmission) packets. Knowing

these features will help to classify or to identify the attacks. In turn, the recognized features

of the SCADA traffic network can be used to develop a machine learning model as a

classifier engine in an intrusion detection system (IDS).

Keywords–Features Recognition; Malicious Activity; SCADA; IEC 60870-5-104

62

Maximum Expansion of a Generation Based on Transmission Absorption Capability

Hermagasantos Zein, Sri Utami and Siti Saodah (Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Indonesia); Jangkung Raharjo (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Abstract–The transmission network is used to transmit power from the generator to the

load center without violating the transmission constraints, both line capacity, and voltage

limits. Generation expansion planners must pay attention to these constraints, both to

meet the growing demand or increased supply reliability. The power capacity expansion

of a power plant may not exceed the maximum power absorption capacity of the

transmission network. This paper proposes a method to determine the maximum

generator capacity that can be absorbed by the transmission network based on peak load

conditions that meet the constraints. The power flow optimization problem is formed by

maximizing the absorption of the transmission network from a generator and minimizing

other generators. The validation uses 5-buses with two generators. The maximum power

absorbed by the transmission from Generator-1 is 338.8 MW. Under these conditions,

line 1-3 is loaded 99.3 %. Meanwhile, the Generator-2, the maximum absorption power

is 198 MW with a line 4-5 load of 100%. So, the effective power absorption by the

transmission of the two generators is 536.8 MW or the effective power reserve is 20.63%.

Generally, a system will be more secure if its power reserve is around 30%. If it is desired

to increase the power reserve, the transmission network must be expanded. In this case,

the Generator-2 is selected for expansion by upgrading lines 4-5 to be a double circuit.

The proposed method has been successfully applied to the Java-Bali 500 KV network by

simulating the Paiton power plant. As a result, the power plant still has the potential to be

expanded to 7259.7 MW from an installed capacity of 1300 MW.

Keywords–Transmission; maximum power; transmission constraints; power flow;

generation expansion

63

Maximum Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Energy in Southern Sulawesi System Based on Primary Reserve Constrained Unit

Commitment

Dwiki Yudha Himawan, Lesnanto Multa Putranto and Mokhammad Isnaeni Bambang Setyonegoro (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Suroso Isnandar (PT. PLN (Persero),

Indonesia)

Abstract–Sulawesi has high potency in renewable energy. Wind potency is used for

generating electricity through wind power plants (WPP). Large penetration of WPP will

affect the variability of net load curve. This study aims to determines the penetration level

of WPP based on the unit commitment solution considering primary reserve. Maximum

penetration level is determined by gradually increasing the WPP penetration level so that

no feasible solution is found. This method was repeated with the consideration of battery

energy storage system (BESS) technology. The result shows that the maximum

penetration level for the weekdays curve and weekend curve are 30% and 34% peak load.

With BESS, the penetration level can be increased up to 36% and 41% for the weekday

and weekend load curves.

Keywords–Penetration level; WPP; Unit commitment; Primary Reserve; BESS

64

Method of Coal Quantity Adjustment for Commercial Purpose Using Dry Basis: A Study Case in State-Owned Thermal Power Plant

Denny Murdany Muchsin (PT PLN (PERSERO), Indonesia); Agus Setiawan (PLN Indonesia, Indonesia)

Abstract–The difference in cargo quantity between the results of the draught survey in

Loading Port and Unloading Port is common in coal trading transactions. However, all

parties (suppliers, buyers, and surveyors) agreed on a clause in adjusting the quantity of

coal to be paid in case of a difference in a quantity exceeding 0.5%. However, the

complicated draught survey process has the potential to cause anomalies in the final

result. The anomaly existed once we compare quantity data on a dry basis among both

ports. This study aimed to confirm the phenomenon of anomalies and propose alternative

methods of adjusting the quantity of dry-based coal. The results of this study had proven

that there were anomalies in the correlation of two sets of variables: changes in

moisture/changes in coal mass (as-received basis) and changes in moisture/changes in

coal mass (dry basis). In the year 2019, existed procedure resulted in only one coal

shipment (from a total of 38 coal shipments) subject to quantity adjustment. Otherwise,

our proposed method resulted in 16 coal shipments subject to quantity adjustment.

Keywords–coal; quantity adjustment; dry basis

65

Miniaturized Ultraviolet Imager High Voltage Power Supply: Design and Modeling

Elena Postupalskaya, Nicholas Palmer and Jason Heil (California Polytechnic State University, USA); Kodi Rider and Thomas Immel (Space Sciences Laboratory, USA); Eltahry Elghandour (California Polytechnic State University, USA); Rini Nur Hasanah (Brawijaya University & Faculty of Engineering, Indonesia); Taufik Taufik (California

Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA)

Abstract–The Miniaturized Ultraviolet Imager (MUVI) aims to monitor Earth's ionosphere

and report weather patterns to climate scientists within a 2U cube satellite footprint. The

imaging equipment consists of a microchannel plate and phosphor screen that require

2.5kV and 5.5kV respectively at microamp level currents. This paper explains the design

and modeling of a high voltage power supply to meet MUVI satellite output voltage

requirements. The small mechanical footprint of a cube satellite severely limits board size

and component heights. This paper further summarizes simulation results for both the

power stage and analog circuitry that monitor and control the output voltage. Results

from the simulations validated the design as a viable solution for MUVI's imaging

equipment. The proposed power supply can achieve the required high voltage output

while remaining within the 7ppm ripple specification.

Keywords–High Voltage; Power Supply; DC-DC Converter

66

Multi Objective Dynamic DC Optimal Power Flow Considering Batteries Output on Microgrid

Affan Bachri, Karimatun Nisa and Arief Laksono (Lamongan Islamic University, Indonesia); Luki Septya Mahendra (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya,

Indonesia)

Abstract–Thermal energy power plants that utilize fossil fuels are still the main source to

support consumer electricity needs. However, due to the increasingly depleting numbers,

renewable energy has begun to be utilized and combined to reduce dependence on

fossil energy. Renewable energy has a problem with fluctuating characteristics. So the use

of a battery is needed to overcome these fluctuating characteristics and balancing

renewable energy generation power to optimize the average power consumed by the

microgrid. This article presents the results of Dynamic Direct Current Optimal Power Flow

(DCOPF) with multi-objective cases. DCOPF is combined with a weight sum method to

optimize the two objective functions. The objective functions to be achieved are the

generation cost and battery output power. The method is implemented on an improved

IEEE 30 bus system with wind farm (WF), photovoltaic (PV), and batteries from a microgrid.

Keywords–DCOPF; battery; microgrid; multi objective; weight sum method

67

Neural-Based Intelligent Control for Buck-Boost Converter

Achmad Gaffar (State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia); Supriadi Supriadi, Agusma Wajiansyah and Arief Putra, ABWP (Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Indonesia)

Abstract–The wind is a renewable energy source that is continuously available both day

and night. The production of wind energy involves converting kinetic energy into

electrical energy by using the wind power plant. However, the natural wind speed is not

constant, causing the electrical power obtained to show a high variation, which causes

the power supply to be unstable. Furthermore, in low wind speed conditions, the

electrical energy generated is not sufficient for recharging the battery. For this reason, a

buck-boost converter was introduced to maintain the voltage. This study applies FNN

(Feedforward Neural Network), which is used to control the output voltage of the buck-

boost converter. The objective of the control is to have the voltage output at a preset

value with a significant increase in system response time. The strategy used is that FNN is

trained to model the inverse plant. The design criteria are represented by using a

reference model. Therefore, the FNN controller is designed to produce a control signal

that causes the plant output to follow the reference model output. The simulation results

show that the control action of the FFN controller works very quickly in tracking errors to

follow the output of the reference model, less than the planned settling time via the

reference model. The realization of the buck-boost converter to regulate voltage

instability caused by wind power plants still needs to be improved, especially to anticipate

the presence of ac small-signal at the converter's input. As a result, it can interfere with

the PWM performance in generating a duty cycle signal. Further studies will focus on

modelling controlled systems that have considered the presence of ac small-signal.

Keywords–Wind power plant; buck-boost converter; FNN; ac small-signal

68

Numerical Analysis of P0.6Na0.6O2.2Pb0.2 Based Large Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cell

Aditya Kumar (National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India); Ravi Sharma (National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India); Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh (Indian Institute of

Technology Roorkee, India)

Abstract–Methylammonium based perovskite with large band gap disables the potential

formation of inimical non-perovskite phases and demonstrates good sustainability of

processing temperatures of £ 100 degrees. The cesium based Methylammonium

(MA0.9Cs0.1Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3) has gained an enormous potential of being utilized as a

multi-use solar cell finding its applications in single junction as well as in tandem

configured solar cells due to its large open- circuit voltage (Voc) value and an enhanced

quasi - Fermi level splitting capability. Thus, it has enormous benefits in the field of

photovoltaic study. In this article, an unprecedented n-i-p type solar cell configuration

with (P0.6Na0.6O2.2Pb0.2) / NiO / (Cs-Methylammonium) (Active Layer) / C60 has been

demonstrated. There are many factors that affect the performance of the solar cell, in this

paper rigorous investigation of the factors is done and special focus on studying the

impacts of thickness of perovskite layer, back-contact work function, interface defects, top

contact electrode variation and defect density and on its performance is done. After

optimizing the parameters of the cell, it is found that encouraging Voc of 1.2778, 20.33

as short-circuit-current-density (Jsc) and a fill factor (FF) of 81.28 % with power conversion

efficiency (PCE) of 21.12%. Comparing with the best values that have been reported in

the available literature, the values obtained here are considerably better.

Keywords–Large band gap; Numerical analysis; Photovoltaic; Perovskite; Simulation

69

On Feasibility of Ultracapacitor Full Electric Transit Bus for Jakarta, Indonesia

Vita Lystianingrum (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia); Andi Irawan (Pterra Consulting, Indonesia); Ilham Santoso (BRI, Indonesia); I Made Yulistya Negara

and Ardyono Priyadi (ITS, Indonesia)

Abstract–Electric vehicles (EVs) and its technology, including the EVs storage system are

getting the attention in the last decade. So far, batteries have been the most common

storage type for EVs. However, several storage technology alternatives are being

considered recently, including ultracapacitors (UCs). One prominent characteristic of UC

is its high power density -can be up to hundreds times of Li-ion power density- enabling

it to be charged or discharged with high power. On the other hand, UC has lower energy

density, causing EVs with UCs as sole energy will not have long range. Thus, in electric

cars, UCs are more common to be hybridized with batteries as complementary storage.

However, as opposed to private cars, transit vehicles such as buses or trams have specific

routes and stops with predefined distance. This particular characteristic of transit vehicles

is potential to be fulfilled by UCs only, as the UC energy capacity is sufficient for a single

route, and afterward it can be fully charged in a few minutes. This paper will present a

feasibility study of a UC pure electric transit bus specific to Jakarta, Indonesia.

Comparison of battery and UC system for the bus will be presented from both technical

and economic aspects.

Keywords–batteries; ultracapacitors; electric vehicle; electric bus; life cycle cost

70

Opportunities and Challenges of SSLNG for Existing Scattered Gas-Fired Power Plant in Indonesia Landscape

Muhammad Idris (PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–Indonesia is an archipelago country with a scattered demand gas-fired power

plant. Natural gas has potential to transform the role of energy in the domestic landscape,

especially Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). It could be the regulatory driver to apply the

cleanest fossil-fuel energy. As a complement of renewable energy, LNG is still promising

in the near future. It still provides sustainable and reliable energy. This opportunity

triggers policy in technology to develop Small-Scale LNG (SSLNG) Facilities due to the

particular condition of Indonesia. Besides technical issues, cost competitiveness has

become the greatest challenge due to less the advantage of the economies of scale

compared to conventional LNG. The collaborative works among governments, research

bodies, the state-owned company, and the private sector are key points to realize the

grand design of LNG infrastructure in Indonesia. The policies shall accommodate several

sectors to stimulate the development of technology, feasible business schemes, and

capacity building. Since the SSLNG supply chain is more complicated than conventional

LNG projects and also involves more stakeholders, government leadership becomes

more important. Identified considerations are also proposed as a result of opportunity

and challenge mapping.

Keywords–LNG; SSLNG; opportunity; challenge; gas-fired power plant; Indonesia

71

Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relay Using Rao-1 Algorithm

Samia Batool and Sadiq Ahmad (COMSATS University Islamabad, (CUI) Wah Campus Wah Cantonment, Pakistan); Abdullah Shoukat (COMSATS University Islamabad, (CUI) Wah Campus Wah Cantonment); Faiza Mobeen (COMSATS University Islamabad, (CUI)

Wah Campus Wah Cantonment, Pakistan)

Abstract–The main objective of protection schemes in power system is to identify and

remove the faulty part as quickly as possible. Coordinating the distribution systems, which

are frequently protected with overcurrent (OC) relays is extremely difficult. Modern power

systems use variety of distributed generators (DG) to make the operation of the system

reliable, but the coordination of OC relays is a huge challenge for design protection

engineers in these DG integrated distribution systems. This paper puts forward a method

to develop a mechanism for coordination of over current OC relays in the distribution

networks that is optimal, efficient, and accurate. The Rao-I, a metaphor-less optimization

technique is used and compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) in

terms of convergence and accuracy. When DG is penetrated, a proper coordination of

primary and backup relay is chosen to avoid relay malfunctions and unwanted outages.

Finally, the Rao-1 Algorithm produced substantially more precise values resulting in a

faster convergence time and more optimal coordination time.

Keywords–Distributed network; IDMT overcurrent relay

72

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Hybrid-Source Multi DVR Using Genetic Algorithm for Voltage Sag Mitigation

Ni Aryani, Ahmad Bariq Al Fahri and Ariq Kusuma Wardana (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia)

Abstract–Short circuit fault is one of the severe problems in the power system. This

problem causes sag until it gets cleared. This paper proposes an optimization based on

Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find the optimal placement and sizing of Dynamic Voltage

Restorer (DVR) for voltage sag mitigation in the distribution system. Optimization is

conducted with an objective function of minimizing the system losses. The proposed

method is tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system using Matlab/Simulink.

Simulation results show that different energy sources have different characteristics to

respond voltage sag. Economical cost for investment on the type of energy storage for

DVR is also being considered. The optimal result was obtained by combining both battery

and supercapacitor as the source for DVR.

Keywords–DVR optimal placement and sizing; Hybrid-source DVR; Genetic Algorithm;

Voltage sag

73

Optimal Scheduling Algorithm for Coal-Powered Power Plants - Considering Coal Delivery Constraints

Harso Adjie Brotosukmono (Bandung Institut of Technology, Indonesia); Kevin Marojahan Banjar-Nahor (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia); Nanang Hariyanto

(STEI ITB, Indonesia)

Abstract–Electricity generation in Indonesia is still dominated 43.64% by coal power

plants, most of which operate on the island of Java but use coal transported from other

islands. As an archipelagic country, sea condition often contributes to the non-optimal

scheduling of power plant operations. Because of that, a new algorithm that consider coal

delivery constraints is introduced. The algorithm optimizes maintenance schedule of the

power plants to coal supply that affected by sea condition. The algorithm will be

implemented using PyPSA - an open-source library for power system analysis based on

Python programming language. When applied on IEEE 9-bus system within a year period,

system with newly added algorithm provides 6.29% cheaper generation cost and more

optimal coal power plants utilization.

Keywords–Operational planning; Optimal dispatch; coal; coal power plants; Python;

PyPSA

74

Optimal Sizing of BESS for Attaining Frequency Stability Under High PV Penetration

Atik Jawad, Nahid-Al- Masood and Sifat Munim (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh)

Abstract–Frequency stability has become a major concern for grid operators as

photovoltaic (PV) penetration increases in existing grids. Battery energy storage system

(BESS) is an intriguing supporting mechanism that assists in enhancing the frequency

response of such grids. However, excess BESS installation can impose substantial

financial issues, whereas inadequate installation may fail to support the grid. To this end,

we propose a novel methodology for determining the optimal BESS size focusing on

frequency stability. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to execute the

optimization in the Python-DIgSILENT PowerFactory co-platform. The method is then

implemented in different PV penetration scenarios, and the method's validity is

evaluated. Additionally, synchronous condensers (SCs) are installed in the grid to

compare performance with optimized BESS. All the dynamic simulations are conducted

on a modified IEEE 39 Bus New England test system. The results demonstrate that, in

every case, optimized BESS utilization prevents the activation of the Under Frequency

Load Shedding (UFLS) scheme during a major synchronous generator outage event.

Thus, the optimized BESS enhances grid frequency stability with high precision while

adhering to all of the specified constraints. Furthermore, they outperform SCs of similar

size that fail to prevent UFLS activation in every scenario. This research will benefit future

BESS installations in large-scale PV integrated grids to obtain higher frequency stability

with the smallest feasible size.

Keywords–photovoltaic systems; BESS; renewable energy integration; PSO algorithm;

optimization; frequency stability

75

Optimization Analysis of Hybrid Power Plants by Utilizing Renewable Energy Resources in the Ulunambo Isolation System in Menui Islands,

Central Sulawesi

Yusmar Yusmar (Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang & PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Ade Rahmat (Diponegoro University & PT PLN Indonesia, Indonesia); Muhammad Wardi

Hadi (Universitas Indonesia & PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–Optimization of the use of power plants in the Ulunambo system by utilizing

renewable energy sources (solar energy and wind energy) using an analysis of the right

generation combination and considering the benefits from an economic and technical

perspective. In line with PLN (State Electricity Company) transformation through one of

its main aspirations, namely green, PLN has several strategies to encourage the use of

new and renewable energy. The Ulunambo Electricity System is isolated in the Menui

Islands region, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi Province which supplies electricity

for about 12 hours every day comes from a diesel plant (PLTD Ulunambo) with a system

capacity of 479 kW and a peak load of 400 kW. The analysis was carried out using the

HOMER Pro application by entering data on the ulunambo system loading, economy,

components used, fuel costs and transportation services, generation, and potential of

renewable energy sources obtained using the NASA database. Based on the simulation,

optimal results are obtained on a 24-hour system operation and are not a priority for a

12-hour system operation. The use of renewable energy in the Ulunambo system also

reduces environmental emissions caused by diesel generators by 33%, thereby reducing

the risk of pollution around the PLTD Ulunambo environment adjacent to residential

areas. The use of wind power plants is not a priority for the scenario because wind energy

sources in the Menui Islands tend to be unstable with an average annual wind speed of

4.07 m/s at an altitude of 50 meters.

Keywords–Renewable Energy; Hybrid Energy; Microgrid System; Optimization

76

Optimization and Reduction of DC Winding Induced Voltage in 5Slot/7Pole Five Phase Non-Overlapped Stator Wound Field Flux

Switching Machine

Muhammad Yousuf (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan); Faisal Khan (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Pakistan); Wasiq Ullah, Shahid

Hussain and Ali Muhammad (COMSATS Univerversity Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan)

Abstract–The five phase non overlapped stator wound field flux switching (WFFS)

machine with most simple machine structure i.e. 5-slots and 7-poles is analyzed and

optimized in this paper and the design analysis briefly discuss the DC winding induced

voltage phenomena. The dc winding induced voltage can produce the current ripple in

the DC windings and hence it creates issues to the DC power source and enhances the

challenges to machine control, mainly for high speed operation. The initial machine

optimization is performed to decrease the DC winding induced voltage while the

maximum value of the average output torque is maintained and machine size is

considered constant. For optimization approach, krigging technique arranged with Latin

hyper Cube Sampling (LHS) and genetic algorithm (GA) is implemented because of

relevance to non-linear data. The optimized design has achieved the 21.42% reduction in

DC winding induced voltage at no load condition and 27.65% reduction under on load

condition. Furthermore, two reduction methods i.e. chamfering and optimization of the

rotor pole arc, are analyzed to reduce the DC induced voltage and 33.50% and 42.45%

reduction as compare to initial design is achieved for chamfering at no load and on load

conditions respectively while 36.06% and 49.20% reduction for rotor pole optimization is

achieved at both operating conditions, respectively.

Keywords–Flux switching machine; Wound field; Non-overlapped winding; DC induced

voltage; Five-phase

77

Optimization for Microgrid with Considerations of Oversupply in National Grid Based on Lagrange Multiplier

Huy Tran (VNU-International University, Vietnam); Long TonThat (International University HCMC, Vietnam); Gia Minh Thao Nguyen (Toyota Technological Institute, Japan)

Abstract–While the traditional energy sources are harmful to environment, together with

the continuous growth of power demand, renewable energy is currently an efficient

solution. In this study, a system implemented with energy management system which

consists of the national power grid, renewable energy sources, battery, electric vehicle

(EV), diesel engine and loads is considered. A method based on Lagrange multiplier

theorem is given for the purpose of optimizing the use of energy in the system and

minimizing the cost of using electricity of the system. Two test cases, with and without

limits of the grid, are considered in this paper to verify the proposed method.

Keywords–microgrid; EV; power optimization; energy management system

78

Passive Shunt Harmonic Filters for Power Quality Improvement in Bharati Vidyapeeth University's Dhankawadi Campus, Pune

Diksha Chopade (Bharti, India); Rajesh Holmukhe (Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University & College of Engineering, India); Hrishikesh Ramesh Mehta ( & Aethertec

Innovative Solutions, India)

Abstract–The use of power electronics converters has increased tremendously at the user

end especially with increasing photovoltaic (PV) penetration in the grid. These converters

act as non-linear loads from the utility point of view as they inject harmonics and

disturbances in the grid. This paper presents a case study of harmonics compensation

using different topologies of passive filters in Bharati Vidyapeeth University's Dhankawadi

Campus, Pune. This campus provides ideal circumstances for deployment of passive

filters as it has several harmonics sources with unbalanced loading conditions. The

purpose of this paper is to evaluate performance of different types of passive filters and

suggest best suitable topology for campus deployment. The single-tuned, double-tuned,

high-pass and C-type shunt passive filters are compared for their effectiveness in

reducing harmonics in the campus. It is observed that the double-tuned filter offers a

better result, which is validated using simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Keywords–Harmonics; Passive filters; Performance evaluation; Power Systems; Total

harmonic distortion (THD)

79

Peak Load Forecasting Using Long-Short Term Memory: Case Study of Jawa-Madura-Bali System

Anindita Satria Surya (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia); Musa P Marbun (PT PLN (Persero) Kantor Pusat & PLN Institute of Technology, Indonesia); Muhammad Ridwan (Institut Teknologi Bandung & PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Kevin Gausultan Hadith

Mangunkusumo (PLN Research Institute, Indonesia)

Abstract–The process demand forecast at PLN uses many assumptions of projections

originating from external PLN, such as economic growth assumptions, population growth,

population, inflation, electrification ratio targets, and new and renewable energy

development targets. This paper provides an alternative method of calculating annual

peak load forecasts using the Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) approach as a part of the

Deep Neural Network in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This method aims to improve the

accuracy of expense forecasts on the realization of expenses that have occurred by

studying patterns that happened in the past. The calculation of the load forecast shows

that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the peak load forecast with the Recurrent

Neural Network (RNN)-LSTM maximum is 2,167. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error

(MAPE) value of the RNN-LSTM obtained a maximum of 8.6% or fell within the range

<10% (very accurate category)

Keywords–artificial intelligence; demand forecasting; neural network; long-short term

memory

80

Predicting the Power of a Wind Turbine with Machine Learning-Based Approaches from Wind Direction and Speed Data

Fatih Demir and Burak Tasci (Firat University, Turkey)

Abstract–It is foreseen that the electrical energy produced using limited resources such

as hydroelectric, natural gas, and thermal power plants may cause problems in terms of

energy continuity in the long term. Therefore, with the incentives of governments,

investment in renewable energy sources is increasing every year. Wind energy is one of

the most important renewable energy sources. The calculation of the power to be

produced in wind power plants is both difficult and requires experience. In this study, the

amount of power produced in a wind turbine was estimated using machine learning-

based regression algorithms (7 different algorithms) using wind speed and wind direction

data. The proposed approach was evaluated on data from a wind turbine in Turkey.

Among the regression algorithms evaluated according to the R2 performance metric, the

best performance was achieved with the AdaBoosting algorithm.

Keywords–wind power,; machine learning; regression; prediction

81

Prediction of Energy Consumption in Digital Twins of Intelligent Factory by Artificial Intelligence

JingYi Wu (Qingdao University, China)

Abstract–The goal is to explore the prediction performance of energy consumption in

digital twins of the intelligent factory in the process of urbanization, so that it can provide

good guidance for the green development of cities. The digital twin technology is

introduced into the intelligent factory, in view of the influence of life cycle, data

transmission delay and other factors of the equipment on product energy consumption

of intelligent factory manufacturing in the real physical environment. Meanwhile, it is

improved by DL (deep learning) algorithm to construct an improved AlexNet algorithm

framework. Then, DPFS (Differential Privacy Frequent Subgraph) algorithm is adopted to

build a digital twin energy consumption prediction model of intelligent factory based on

DL and privacy algorithm. Finally, a simulation scenario is established to verify its

performance. Through the comparative analysis of the digital twin energy consumption

prediction model and other scholars' models in related fields, the feature recognition

accuracy of the constructed model reaches 89.23%, at least 1.95% higher than that of

other neural network models. From the perspective of energy consumption data

transmission performance, the data message delivery rate of the proposed model is not

less than 80%. Besides, the data message leakage rate and packet loss rate are less than

11%, and the average delay is basically stable. Therefore, the constructed model can

achieve high energy consumption data transmission security performance under the

premise of ensuring the prediction accuracy, which can provide experimental basis for

the prediction of energy consumption and the improvement of security maintenance

performance in intelligent factories.

Keywords–artificial intelligence; intelligent factory; digital twins; energy consumption;

deep learning

82

Predictive Analytics of Electrical Power Output of Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Machine Learning

Prayogi Adista Purwanto (PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali, Indonesia); Tommy Ivantoro (PT. Pembangkitan Jawa Bali, Indonesia); Muhammad Kemal Jayadi (PT Pembangkitan

Jawa-Bali, Indonesia)

Abstract–The pandemics outbreak of Covid-19 in the world has made society and

industrial activities very dynamic. The operating power plant must be prepared to be able

to meet the demand for electricity from load dispatcher to meet the fluctuating demands.

Hence, predicting the electrical power output is important to give the accuracy to

maximize the profit and minimize losses. This paper discusses and predict the half-hourly

electrical output of Paiton Coal-Fired Power Station Unit 1 by develop many predictive

models using many machine learning regression methods. The five parameters that affect

the electrical power output are used in the dataset, such as main steam flow, total coal

flow, primary airflow, secondary airflow, and vacuum condenser pressure. These input

and target variables as the dataset was collected over one year. The dataset is sorted and

observed. Then, the best prediction model is sought for predicting electrical power

output. Thus, the best performance of the best subset, which contains a complete set of

input variables, has been analyzed using the most accurate machine learning algorithm,

which is the random forest, with R-squared of 0.996.

Keywords–machine learning; regression; coal-fired power plant; Power Output

83

Preliminary Study of Floating Photovoltaic in Bangka Belitung Island

Geraldo Hemasastra, Rika Gusa and Wahri Sunanda (Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia)

Abstract–The use of floating photovoltaics is increasingly attractive and has become a

concern. This is due to the consideration that the surface temperature of the photovoltaic

influences the voltage and current output. The study was carried out using two units of 50

Wp photovoltaic, one of which was placed on the mainland and floating in the pond.

From the test results, it is found that floating photovoltaic has a higher output compared

to the output of photovoltaic on land with an average voltage difference of 1.04%, an

average current difference of 1.08%, an average real power difference of 1.12%, and an

average efficiency difference of 1.29%.

Keywords–floating photovoltaic, current, voltage, real power, efficiency

84

Reactive Power Incentive in Distribution Network with High Penetration of PV System

Abdan Hanifan Dharmasakya and Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Roni Irnawan (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia)

Abstract–High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) system in distribution network can cause

overvoltage during noon. In addition, undervoltage can also occur at night. One way to

overcome this phenomenon is by using reactive power management of inverter in PV

system. However, the presence of reactive power may lead to an increase in the internal

loss of inverter and active power curtailment. Reactive power incentive is proposed to

compensate for this phenomenon. This study discusses about the minimum reactive

power incentive to overcome overvoltage and undervoltage. Genetic Algorithm is used

to perform the optimization. IEEE 33 Bus with several PV systems in it is used to validate

the proposed method. Result shows that overvoltage and undervoltage can be overcome

by adding $41.44 as reactive power incentive to the PV system every day.

Keywords–Distribution network, photovoltaic system, reactive power management,

reactive power incentive

85

Reactive Power Planning of Power System Using Trajectory Sensitivity Index

Tarik Ahasan Pranto and Tareq Aziz (Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh)

Abstract–Suitable placement of static VAR systems has an imperative role in the reactive

power planning of any network. This paper presents the outcome of an investigation into

the performance of trajectory sensitivity index in dynamic reactive power planning of

electric transmission systems. In this study, trajectory sensitivity indices of the busbars of

the IEEE 9 bus system are obtained, and they are provided with reactive power support

successively. Simulation results are obtained under a post-fault scenario where voltage

recovery times under different loading conditions are examined. The effectiveness of the

trajectory sensitivity index approach in reactive power planning of a power system is

analyzed.

Keywords–Reactive power planning (RPP); static var system (SVS); trajectory sensitivity;

voltage stability

86

Re-Design Blocking End Winding Rotor Generator to Prevent Extreme Expansion of Coil Towards Axial Direction: A Case Study

Yogi Baskoro (PT Indonesia Power Engineer & PT. Indonesia Power, Indonesia); Erix Nugroho (Co Author, Indonesia); Indra Jaya and Andika Winardi (PT. Indonesia Power Enginering & PT. Indonesia Power, Indonesia); M. Fauzi Dwihakoso ( & PT. INDONESIA POWER, Indonesia); Wahyu Caesarendra (Universiti Brunei Darussalam & Diponegoro

University, Brunei Darussalam); Maciej Sulowicz (Cracow University of Technology Cracow, Indonesia)

Abstract–Rotor generators with a thin coil structure will expand easily, both radially and

axially, however it is vulnerable to axial blocking if it is not able to withstand the expansion

movement in the axial direction, causing coils between slots to touch each other, so that

interturn short occurs. The case study conducted is aimed at determining the blocking

design to anticipate coil expansion. The method is to identify problems, re-design,

simulate applications and implement axial blocking with a new design. Based on the

calculation of expansion, especially in the outermost slots 6, 7, and 8, with an expansion

delta value greater than 1 mm, it is fundamental to redesign the axial end winding

blocking in order to dispel expansion coil delta. Case studies of extreme expansion in the

axial direction for coils with thin structures can be done through re-designing end

winding blocking to prevent electrical faults, and the benefits of this re-design can be

applied to generators with the same coil structure.

Keywords–coil expansion; thin coil construction; end winding blocking; rotor generator

87

Regional Clustering for Developing Electricity Systems in Archipelagic Area: A Case Study of Maluku and Papua Islands

Tumiran, Rachmawan Budiarto, Sarjiya and Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Dintani Naimah (KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden); Abdan

Hanifan Dharmasakya (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Adi Priyanto (PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–Maluku and Papua islands have complex geographical conditions, thousands

of small islands, uneven population densities, and lower income distribution compared

to other part of Indonesia. Therefore, the development of electricity system cannot be

performed by assuming that every area has the same growth characteristics. In this study,

clustering is performed to group the areas with the same characteristics. Hence, the

development of electricity system can be based on this clustering. This study used k-

means clustering algorithm to perform the clustering method. In this study there are six

clusters created based on the data such as, population, average growth of population,

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and average growth of GRDP. These six

clusters can be used as a reference for the development of electricity system in Maluku

and Papua Islands.

Keywords–region clustering; electricity system development; k-means clustering

88

Remedial Action Scheme Strategy to Mitigate N-2 Contingency on Java-Bali 500 kV Transmission System

Hariadi Aji (PT PLN (Persero) Pusat Pengatur Beban, Indonesia); Yonny Wicaksono (PT. PLN (Persero) P2B & PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Yenni Tarid (PT PLN (Persero) & PT

PLN (Persero) P2B, Indonesia)

Abstract–Java-Bali System is one of the most sophisticated Power System Grid in

Indonesia. The system's peak load of 27.973 MW had occurred on November 19, 2019

before COVID-19 Pandemic strikes. The grid voltage of bulk transmission system consists

of 500, 150 and 66kV. Several N-2 credible contingencies exist in Extra High Voltage

500kV transmission lines that connect East Java to West Java. To examine the phenomena

of rotor angle stability in this interconnection, a dynamic stability analysis is conducted

using the grid model of the Java-Bali transmission system in one scenario and

contingency. From the base analysis, some Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) simulations

are conducted to determine the most secure system responses. This paper also shows

specific brief measures about that system responses after RAS is taken into action.

Keywords–stability; rotor angle; power system; dynamics; RAS; SPS; contingency

analysis; transient voltage angle

89

Renewable Energy Driven Exhaust Fan for Use in Laboratory via IOT

Wan Azani Mustafa and Mohamed Mydin M. Abdul Kader (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract–Ventilation is generally deployed in buildings for maintaining occupants'

comfort. They are the most considered systems in improving the energy saving while

sustaining occupants' comfort. Several approaches have been proposed, in the past few

years, to develop an optimal control for ventilation systems. However, these approaches

could not be efficiently performed under diverse contexts. If we can renew and reuse the

energy we waste, it would help in some way to the problem of scarcity of energy, which

is major threat of present world. Since the initial capital cost of solar systems is still quite

high when it comes to generate power for a domestic use and energy saving and energy

generating is a major issue for mankind. By using the concept of wind turbines Wind-

generated electricity can be used for battery charging and for connection with the power

grid. This research presents a prototype of generating power by an exhaust fan. The

generated power can be either used or can be stored in a battery. This exhaust fan also

can be controlled and monitored via IOT.

Keywords–Renewable energy; IOT; Control & Automation

90

Rice Husk Renewable Energy Potential in Indonesia, A Case Study Biomass Steam Power Plant in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera

Achmad Royhan (Institut Teknologi PLN & PT. PLN (Persero), Indonesia); I Made Brunner (Institut Teknologi PLN, Indonesia)

Abstract–Fossil energy combustion ignites Global warming, due to unbalance between

emission and absorption of CO2. On the other hand, rice husk the by-product of rice mill

is abundant and waste the environment. It could be renewable energy substitutes coal.

Rice husk has energy 12,34 MJ/kg to 14 MJ/kg. To consider biomass energy of rice husk,

coal parameter is referred. Rice husk as fuel to empower Biomass Steam Power Plant in

Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera. Through fuel consumption, parameters: SFC, Heat Rate and

Thermal Efficiency can be represented by load in graphs. It has average SFC 1,40 kg/kWh,

Heat Rate 4.501 kcal/kWh and Thermal Efficiency 19,12% at 50-100% of load, this range

is the efficient load of generator. This Power Plant is the first Power Plant use rice husk as

single fuel in Indonesia. High content of ash in rice husk requires attention in handling

and utilization. Global potential of rice husk in Indonesia with 20% of Rice Production, and

80% usage percentage to used for biomass power plant is 769,20 MW.

Keywords–Rice Husk; Biomass; Calorific Value; Fixed Carbon; Volatile Matter; Ash;

Moisture; Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC); Heat Rate; Thermal Efficiency

91

Short-Term Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Network on Various Sub System Load in PLN Indonesia

Rio Indralaksono (PLN, Indonesia & Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia); Alif Maulana Firdaus and M. Abdul Wakhid (PLN & Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopember, Indonesia); Novemi Uki Andreas (PLN, Indonesia & Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia); Galih Wibowo (Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya,

Indonesia); Muhammad Abdillah (Universitas Pertamina, Indonesia)

Abstract–PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Indonesia has a responsibility to provide

and ensures the continuity of electricity on safe and reliable for all areas in Indonesia. An

accurate electrical load forecasting is fundamental in order to deliver efficient energy

scheduling management. This paper proposes a prominent technique called long-short

term memory (LSTM) for short-term load forecasting. The load data for this research work

is taken by each of 30 minutes in a day for each four weeks earlier in the past to predict

the next week's load. To examine the efficacy of the proposed method, the Sulawesi and

Java-Bali Sub System Load are utilized in this paper. From the simulation result, it is shown

that the LSTM with 1-input has similar performance to ANN-PSO in MAPE value and

slightly superior performance in RMSE at Java Bali Sub System Load. At Sulawesi Sub

System Load, it is shown that LSTM with 1-input is superior to all performance parameter

compared to 3-input LSTM, have a little lower performance to Java Bali prediction about

1.03% on MAPE value, but perform clearly better performance up to 45.08 on RSME

value. Although the performance of LSTM is different each case, the simulation result

shown the capability of LSTM as an additional reference in performing short term load

forecasting on the electricity system.

Keywords–Forecasting; Short-Term; LSTM; ANN-PSO

92

Solar Levelized Cost of Energy Projection in Indonesia

Zainal Arifin (Institut Teknologi PLN, PLN Indonesia, Indonesia); Agus Setiawan (PLN Indonesia, Indonesia); Nugroho Adi Triyono (PT PLN (Persero), Indonesia); Eko

Supriyanto (UTM, Malaysia)

Abstract–Solar Levelized Cost Of Energy is influenced by a multitude of factors such as

investment costs for material and product, operational and maintenance costs, solar cell

lifetime, degradation, as well as installation region. This study aims to clarify the current

vague details of Solar LCOE in Indonesia. Moreover, projection of Solar LCOE in

Indonesia is calculated from 2020 to 2050, covering aspects such as cost, system

configuration with and without batteries, location, and effectiveness of different panel

types. Based on NREL and SunPower LCOE formulas as well as data from online shopping

and onsite survey, Models of On-Grid Silicon-based Solar Panel System without batteries

and with battery capacities (1x, 1.5x) of PV module (Model A) as well as an identical Off-

Grid system (Model B) with battery capacities (2.5x, 3x) of PV module are described.

Results of this study shows that the LCOE of Model A with 10% discount rate in 2020 will

reach grid parity at year 2050 with a predicted rate of Rp 547/kWh, meanwhile until the

year 2030, LCOE of Model B with a discount rate of 10% will not reach grid parity. Overall,

it can be concluded that an off-grid system will still be too expensive for the commercial

market, whilst the on-grid system with a discount rate of 10% will be viable to use by 2020.

the results of the implementation of this scheme show increasing of the total cost

efficiency of electricity supply in the Java Madura Bali system.

Keywords– LCOE, Solar Panel, Silicon, Photovoltaic System, Grid Parity, Solar LCOE

93

Staged Fault Tests to Validate a Fast Protection System of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids

Duong Minh Bui (Vietnamese-German University, Vietnam); Phúc Duy Lê (Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology & Ho Chi Minh Power Corroperation, Vietnam); Dũng

Nguyễn (Mekong University, Vietnam)

Abstract–This paper introduces staged fault tests for validating a fast protection system

of low-voltage DC microgrid (LVDC MG). A real LVDC MG is used for these tests,

containing photovoltaic generation system (PVS), battery energy storage system (BESS),

DC load, and protective devices. A protective device uses a solid-state circuit breaker

(SSCB) integrated with a DC microgrid digital relay (DCMDR) or a fast-acting fuse (FAF)

to protect the microgrid. The islanded operation mode of LVDC MG is selected for doing

staged fault tests at several possible faulted locations. The fast protection system of LVDC

MG can detect, locate and isolate a fault point by using multiple protection modules

including derivative modules of current and voltage, overcurrent module, under-voltage

module, and the i^2t characteristic of fuses. The obtained results of staged fault tests

show that the DCMDR-integrated SSCBs can quickly trip to isolate the faulted location in

milliseconds as well as get high selectivity of the protection system. Moreover, the FAFs

can efficiently operate as the back-up protection of the DCMDR-integrated SSCBs but still

ensuring the fast operation of MG protection system.

Keywords–DC microgrid; digital relay; fast-acting fuse; solid-state circuit breaker; staged

fault tests

94

Technical and Economic Viability of PV Power Plants Construction for Rural Area in Nunukan North Kalimantan

Rizal B Wiguna ( & PT PLN (persero) Kalimantan Bagian Timur, Indonesia); Tex Siswanto and Wahyu Widodo (PLN UIP Kalbagtim, Indonesia); Anrizal Anrizal (PT PLN (Persero)

UIP Kalimantan Bagian Timur - Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia)

Abstract–The low reliability of rural power systems is a major problem and continues to

pose huge challenges, especially in rural areas. Nunukan is one of the cities in North

Kalimantan that directly borders Malaysia. Nunukan is not connected to a high-voltage

system, making it have to rely on a conventional power plant. It was found that Nunukan

is present in a region with a solar radiation value of 4.329 kWh/m2/day, making it a

suitable area for Krayan PV power plant investments. One of the latest renewable energy

technologies that can be used is Photovoltaic (PV). In line with the Indonesian government

mission since 2020, called GREEN, where in the future, more power plants will be built

with renewable energy sources. This study aims to analyze PV power plant construction

in Nunukan, North Kalimantan. In addition to electrifying Nunukan, the PV development

can also contribute to the ratio of new renewable energy. Assuming the electricity needs

around the PV is 540 kWh/day, the planned installation of 396 PV panels with

Polycrystalline-type with a capacity of 340-watt peak per panel. The electricity generated

will be distributed through an existing network to residents' homes around the plant.

When PV power plants are installed on land with high levels of sunlight, longer battery

life, and adequate capacity, they make the investment more economically viable. The

indicators used as economic valuations are Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio

(B-CR), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP). The NPV value is positive. Meanwhile, the

BCR value is 1.07, and the DPP has a shorter period than the project life. All indicators

show that the Krayan PV development could be recommended, as well, in future research

projects in Indonesia

Keywords–rural areas; Nunukan; renewable energy; photovoltaic; economic valuations;

Krayan PV

95

The Long-Term Maintenance Scheduling in Distribution System: PEA Case Study

Saphol Wongborwornsarsawat and Weerawoot Kanokbannakorn (Kasetsart University, Thailand)

Abstract–This paper presents the long-term maintenance scheduling for the Provincial

Electricity Authority of Thailand (PEA) distribution system. The objective is to minimize the

customer outage cost and utility reliability cost while maintaining the system reliability

and considering the limited maintenance resource. The problems have been solved by

mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The algorithm is performed on 28 distribution

feeders located in the Southern area of PEA to demonstrate the results.

Keywords–distribution planning; maintenance scheduling; linear programming;

reliability

96

The Supervised Machine Learning Approach in Predicting the Furan Compound Concentration in Power Transformer Oil

Irfan Joyokusumo and A. Hafizh Rifa'i (PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero), Indonesia)

Abstract–As one of the main parts of electric power system transmission, the power

transformer maintenance, test, and assessment should pay more attention. In some

power transformer oil maintenance conditions, the furan compounds test is not always

become the primary and periodic test. Whereas the presence of a high amount of furan

compounds will act as a conduction link and can initiate the breakdown. Thus it is

necessary to determine the furan compound concentration especially 2-furfuraldehyde

(FA) in oil periodically. In order to overcome the problem, the furan compound

concentration, especially 2-furfuraldehyde, can be predicted by using Oil Color (Co), CH4

/ H2, Oil Acidity (AC), and Operation Age (T) by using the Supervised Machine Learning

model i.e. Support Vector Regression and Random Forest Regression. The result shows

that the best average MAPE is 0.48 which is gained by the Support Vector Regression with

Polynomial Kernel. The implication of this research is helping the analyst to predict the

furan compound in transformer oil without conducting the furan test in laboratory.

Keywords–Furfuraldehyde; Support Vector Regression; Random Forest Regression

97

Top Inspection and Monitoring of HV Power Line Towers Damage by UAV

Zagdkhorol Bayasgalan (Power Engineering School, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Mongolia); Adarsuren Sukhbaatar (Mongolian University of Science

and Technology, Mongolia); Uranchimeg Tudevdagva (Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany); Wolfram Hardt (TU Chemnitz, Germany)

Abstract–This paper presents some results of an automated top inspection for power

lines damages with focus of insulators. To support top inspection with load power line

researchers applied image processing methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle

(UAV). The top inspection with UAV has many advantages as well as several limitations.

This research comes up based on request from power distribution company from

Mongolia due to the high number of damages in insulators and interruption of power

distribution through the country. Research team from Mongolian University of Science

and Technology, Ulaanbaatar together with research team from Chemnitz University of

Technology, Chemnitz work on this project since 2016. Aim of this paper is to share some

results of ongoing project, and collect feedback on our general methods and used

devices from experts.

Keywords–flight planning; tower; tripping; detection; insulator; APOLI

98

Transient Stability Detection Using CNN-LSTM Considering Time Frame of Observation

Izzuddin Fathin Azhar and Lesnanto Multa Putranto (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia); Roni Irnawan (Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia)

Abstract–The development of electric power systems in the future will be more complex.

Because of that, for the electric power system's operation to remain reliable, monitoring

technology or algorithms is needed to support more advanced information delivery. One

of the technologies used is the phasor measurement unit (PMU). The more PMUs used in

the electric power system network, the more data will be generated from the PMU

because the PMU has a high data sample resolution and is able to observe transient

conditions. This paper discussed the transient stability prediction using CNN-LSTM for

time step prediction using PMU data. The proposed method is used for predicting stable

and unstable cases in time series data. The research focuses on stability conditions due

to network changes, such as line detachment and out-of-step protection on generators

when there is a loss of synchronism after the occurrence of three-phase fault. The

proposed method is simulated using IEEE 39 bus test system in DIgSILENT PowerFactory.

The resulting model can reach an accuracy of 99.62%, with an average time of simulation

per epoch is 247 s. The proposed method has a higher accuracy than the CNN and

convLSTM methods and can overcome the weakness of the CNN method which

consumes a lot of time during the training process.

Keywords–Transient Stability; Deep Learning; Convolutional Neural Network; Long-

Short Term Memory

99

Vibration Classification of Power Plant Equipment Using Decision Tree Algorithm Approach

Abdullah Ibnu Hasan (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, Indonesia)

Abstract–The highly reliable rotating equipment can prevent power plants from

unplanned maintenance, which causes incidental costs. Vibration analysis can be the

solution for maintaining rotating equipment's reliability. The failure symptoms can be

extracted from the equipment's vibration data. The study has been done before to classify

vibration symptoms using one angle of a bearing. However, bearing consists of

horizontal, vertical, and axial angles. Therefore, this study uses combined horizontal,

vertical, and axial angles to classify the vibration symptoms. In this study, the classification

process was performed using the Decision Tree algorithm in two steps. The proposed

method uses seven parameters extracted from the spectrum of vibration data as input for

the first-step classification and three parameters for the second-step classification. This

study resulted in 100% accuracy for classifying all five cases in the first-step classification

and 100% accuracy for unbalanced, parallel misalignment, and shaft bending cases in

second-step classification. This study found that the decision tree can be used to classify

vibration symptoms.

Keywords–power plant; rotating equipment; vibration classification; decision tree

100

Waste-To-Energy Power Plant in Manggar Landfill Balikpapan to Deliver Renewable Energy for Indonesia's New Capital

Rizal B Wiguna (PT PLN (persero) Kalimantan Bagian Timur, Indonesia); Tex Siswanto and Wahyu Widodo (PLN UIP Kalbagtim, Indonesia); Anrizal Anrizal (PT PLN (Persero)

UIP Kalimantan Bagian Timur - Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia)

Abstract–Around 65% of the waste generated by the Balikpapan people is distributed to

the Manggar landfill. The existence of landfills can be a guarantee for the continuity of the

operation of the Waste-to-Energy power plant (WTE). The power generation technology

that can significantly reduce the volume of waste generation and produce large amounts

of power is the incineration system. Globally, the incineration system has been widely

used in the world, especially in Japan. Over 300 units had been introduced with waste

incineration technology that achieves overall power of 7.21 billion kWh/year. This study

aims to analyze WTE power plant construction with an incineration system in the Manggar

landfill. In addition to making waste management easier and more efficient, because it

can burn the organic and non-organic waste, the primary purpose of this WTE power

plant is to contribute to the ratio of renewable energy that electrifies the prospective new

capital of Indonesia. In this study, the calorific value of high heating value from the MSW

at Manggar landfill is 4838.73 kcal/kg. After knowing the water and hydrogen content of

each waste component, the calorific value of the low heating value obtained is 3115.61

kcal/kg. A total of 359 tons of the MSW at the Manggar landfill can generate a power of

8.6 MW. The electricity generated will be distributed through the existing 20 kV network

directly to the consumers. The WTE by incineration in the Manggar landfill may assist

policymakers, investors, researchers, and other stakeholders to develop WTE power

plants in Indonesia.

Keywords–waste-to-energy; Balikpapan; incineration system; Manggar landfill;

renewable energ