covalent compounds
DESCRIPTION
Covalent Compounds. A covalent bond is formed when electrons are “shared” between two atoms. Covalent Compounds. Most contain all non-metals that combine to form molecules of a substance. Example: H 2 O is water, CH 4 is methane. Covalent Compounds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
A covalent bond is formed when electrons are “shared” between two atoms.
Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
Most contain all non-metals that combine to form molecules of a substance.
Example: H2O is water, CH4 is methane.
Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds Covalent
compounds have elements whose electronegativity values are within 1.67 of each other.
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
Most have low melting points (and boiling points).
Exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
Most are not good conductors of electricity.
Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Use prefixes to show the quantity of each element in a covalent compound.
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Always end the last element with the suffix –ide.
Example: N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Example: H2O Dihydrogen monoxide (Otherwise
known as water!)
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Covalent Compound NamesCovalent Compound Names
Important Exception: Never use the prefix mono- on the 1st element!
Example: CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride (Note: no mono-
on carbon!)
Covalent Compound FormulasCovalent Compound Formulas
Use prefixes from names in order to determine the subscripts in the formulas.
Example: Carbon Dioxide CO2
Example: Diphosphorus Pentoxide P2O5
AcidsAcids
Appear to be covalent compound, but separate into cations (+) and anions (-) in water.
The cation is usually H+
Example: HCl or Hydrochloric Acid H+ and Cl- when in water.
AcidsAcids
If there is just a single anion, the prefix is hydro- and the suffix is –ic.
Example: HBr Hydrobromic Acid Example: HF Hydrofluoric Acid
AcidsAcids
If there is a polyatomic ion, you just use the suffix –ic.
Example: HNO3
Nitric Acid Example: H3PO4
Phosphoricic Acid