covalent and ionic compounds
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Covalent and Ionic Compounds. SNC1D. Different ways for atoms to combine…. Metal + Non-Metal form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons Non-Metal + Non-Metal Electrons are shared between atoms Metal + Metal - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Covalent and Ionic Compounds
SNC1D
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Different ways for atoms to combine…• Metal + Non-Metal
– form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons
• Non-Metal + Non-Metal
– Electrons are shared between atoms
• Metal + Metal– Alloys created by melting two or more metals and
then mixing them
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Molecular Compounds
• Two non-metals combine to form a covalent bond whereby electrons are shared between atoms
• By sharing electrons, each atom will have a stable octet
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• What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
- An ionic bond is a chemical bond whereby one atom loses electrons to become a positive ion and another gains electrons to become a negative ion- A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule
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Examples of molecular compounds:
• Carbon monoxide• Carbon dioxide• Nitrogen trifluoride• Sulfur hexafluoride
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Naming molecular compounds: # of atoms prefix
1 mono-
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
7 hepta-
8 octa-
9 nona-
10 deca-
-Add the appropriate prefix depending on the number of each of the atoms in the compound
-If there is only one of the first element in the formula, the mono- prefix is dropped
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Write the names for the following molecular compounds:
CCl4
PCl3
NBr3
H2S
H3P
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Molecular Elements• Atoms that exist in pairs in nature
• Referred to as diatomic molecules and there are seven
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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Counting elements in molecules…
NaHCO3 (baking soda)
How many elements does this compound contain?
How many atoms of each element are in baking soda?
What about CH3COOH? (vinegar)
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Different ways for atoms to combine…• Metal + Non-Metal
– form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons
• Non-Metal + Non-Metal– Nucleus of one atom forms strong attraction to valence electron
of another atom– “tug of war” for electrons occurs, but neither atom wins – Instead, the two atoms share each other’s electrons, resulting in
a what we call a covalent bond that holds the atoms together • Metal + Metal
– Alloys created by melting two or more metals and then mixing the
– Different from compounds because they are solutions of metals and atoms are not chemically joined
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IONIC COMPOUNDS(metal + non-metal)
• Ionic compound: a compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions
• Atoms want to be stable• In ionic compounds, atoms become stable by either
gaining or losing electrons to accomplish a full outer shell
• An ionic bond is created
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Important terms…
• Ion: a particle that has either a positive or a negative charge
• Cation: a positively charged ion
• Anion: a negatively charged ion
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• What would have to happen to a lithium atom in order for it to become chemically “stable”?
• What could it join with in order to accomplish this?
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Bonding Between Alkali Metals and Halogens
FLUORINE CHLORINE BROMINE IODINE
LITHIUM LiF LiCl LiBr LiI
SODIUM NaF NaCl NaBr NaI
POTASSIUM
KF KCl KBr KI
Naming:-The name of the metal does not change-the name of the non-metal takes an “ide” ending
Ex. NaCl Sodium chloride
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Mg
vvvv
vvvv
Cl
Cl2+
1-
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Ca ClNeeds to lose 2 electrons
Needs to gain 1 electron
CaCl2
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Bonding between Alkaline Earth Metals and Halogens
FLUORINE CHLORINE BROMINE IODINEBeryllium
MagnesiumCalcium
BeF2 BeCl2 BeBr2 BeI2
MgF2 MgCl2 MgBr2 MgI2
CaF2 CaCl2 CaBr2 CaI2