course title : epidemiology i: basic for public health kui...

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Epidemiology I : Basic for Public Health [Semester 1] [2018]

COURSE TITLE : Epidemiology I: Basic for Public Health KUI : 6021 Credit : 3 credit semester Course type : Core Semester : I CLASS SESSIONS [Insert Class Day(s)], [Insert Class Start Time] – [Insert Class End Time], [Insert Location] COURSE COORDINATOR(S) Riris Andono Ahmad, dr, MPH, PhD +62-2745-52021; [email protected] TEACHING TEAM(S) [if applicable] Hari Kusnanto, Prof, dr, DrPH M. Hakimi, Prof, dr, SpOG(K), PhD dr. M.Bayu Sasongko, Sp.M, M.Epid, PhD Citra Indriani, dr, MPH TEACHING ASSISTANT(S) [if applicable] Nur Aini Kusmayanti, S.Gz, MPH M. Ridwan Anshari, S.Gz, M.sc Rosalia Kurniawati H, dr, MPH Risalia Reni A, dr, MPH Agung Nugroho, MPH Abdul Wahab, Drs, MPH Lastdes Cristiany Friday, S.Gz, MPH Anggriyani Wahyu Pinandari, SKM, MPH PREREQUISITES None

COURSE DESCRIPTION Epidemiology I introduces the basic concepts and principles of epidemiology as applied to public health problems. Emphasis is placed on the principles and methods of epidemiologic investigation, appropriate summaries and displays of data, and the use of basic statistical approaches to describe the health of populations. Topics include the evolution of epidemiology; use of rates, ratios and proportions for measuring disease frequency, include methods of direct and indirect adjustment, and clinical life table which measures and describes the extent of disease problems. Various epidemiologic study designs for investigating associations between risk factors and disease outcomes are introduced within this course. The application of epidemiology in the areas of health services, screening, genetics, and environment policy are also

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introduced. The class will engage the students in active and collaborative learning through team activities, group discussion, tutorial and case studies. COURSE AIMS After completion of this course, students will be able to apply principles of epidemiology to the prevention of disease and the improvement of health. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME Students who successfully complete this course will be able to:

▪ Illustrate roles of epidemiology in disease control and the improvement of population health.

▪ Demonstrate understanding concept of epidemiological causation. ▪ Demonstrate a basic understanding of epidemiologic methods and study design. ▪ Use basic descriptive epidemiology and explore data analytic methods. ▪ Combine appropriate epidemiological concepts and methods

COURSE COMPETENCIES Based on the Association of Schools of Public Health for core areas in public health, students will obtain competencies that needed to succeed in the workplace as a public health professional. In epidemiology, the core competencies are:

● Apply the basic terminology and definitions of epidemiology for public health policy. ● Calculate basic epidemiologic measures for public health policy. ● Describe a public health problem in terms of magnitude, person, time and place. Identify key

sources of data for epidemiologic purposes. ● Comprehend concept of epidemiological causation for public health policy. ● Apply appropriate study design in epidemiological study for public health policy.

● Apply appropriate epidemiological analysis for public health policy. ● Draw appropriate inferences from epidemiological data for public health policy.

● Identify the principles and limitations of public health screening programs for public health policy.

● Evaluate the strengths and limitations of epidemiological reports for public health policy. ● Explain the importance of epidemiology for informing scientific, ethical, economic and

political discussion of health issues for public health policy. ● Comprehend basic ethical and legal principles pertaining to the collection, maintenance, use

and dissemination of epidemiologic data for public health policy.

READING MATERIALS The textbook for this course is ▪ Aschengrau & Seage’s Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Third Edition, Jones and

Bartlett Publishers, 2014. ▪ Gordis L, Epidemiology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is

preferable

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▪ Denise M. Oleske, Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services, Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag US, 2010.

▪ Peter J. Fos et all, Managerial Epidemiology for Health Care Organizations, Third Edition, Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand, 2018.

Additional readings of published scientific studies will be assigned.

ASSESSMENT AND GRADING POLICY Regular grades are awarded for this course (A, B, C, D, E) Student grades will be based on: A ≥ 90% B ≥ 80% C ≥ 70% D ≥ 60% E ≤ 60% Homework assignment and quiz 65%

Homework (20%) In class activity (25%) Post test (quiz) (20%)

Final examination 35% COURSE REQUIREMENTS Prepare for class and study the material after class. Complete homework assignments on your own and submit on the due date. Take a final exam as scheduled. Any plagiarism is not tolerated and E grade will automatically assign. Make-up test is available for students who got C and less than C grade. Regular attendance is expected. If you miss a class, you should find a way to learn the material I taught. 75% class attendance is needed for final exam. If you missed a tutorial session, you should join another tutorial session or get some task from your tutor.

COURSE STRUCTURE Course consist of 14 lectures and 10 tutorial sessions. Homework assignment will be given at the end of the tutorial session and should be submitted via website before the next tutorial session. Final exam will be conducted after all lectures and tutorial sessions. UGM POLICIES AND EXPECTATIONS Students and faculty have a shared commitment to the UGM’s mission, values and oath. Academic Integrity Students are required to adhere to the UGM Code, available online at http:// COURSE SCHEDULE

Please see the lecture section of courseworks to download the readings, exams, and lecture slides.

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Session 1 – Overview and history of Epidemiology in term of public health policy

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to: ▪ Define and discuss the goal of public health (policy, management and finance

as a tools for public health practice) ▪ Define epidemiology and explain its objectives

▪ Discuss the key components of epidemiology

▪ Discuss the history of epidemiology and important modern studies

▪ Discuss the current activities and challenges of modern epidemiology

▪ Describe the epidemiological framework for the delivery of health care services.

Reading 1. Aschengrau & Seage’s Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Third

Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2014. Chapter 1. 2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004.

Update edition is preferable. Chapter 1. 3. Denise M. Oleske, Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services,

Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag US, 2010. Chapter 1. Assignment: none

Session 2 – Application of epidemiology in public health practice

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to

Define and provide examples of application of epidemiology in assessing health status of population (surveillance) and delivery of health services (surveillance in health care services)

Define application of epidemiology to identify disease etiology (outbreak investigation)

Define application of epidemiology in disease control and prevention activities (screening and disease prevention in health care services)

Define application of epidemiology and the impact to public health policy

Reading: 1. Friis RH, Sellers T. Epidemiology for Public Health Practice. Jones and Bartlett

Publishers 5th Ed; Chapter 2 2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004.

Update edition is preferable. Chapter 1 3. Carr S, Unwin Nigel, Mulloli TP, 2nd, An Introduction to Public Health and

Epidemiology, McGrawHill, 2007; Chapter 9: Health need analysis

Assignment: none

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Session 3 –Measuring and Comparing Disease Frequency for public health policy

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to ▪ Define and provide examples of a population ▪ Distinguish between fixed and dynamic population

▪ Discuss case definition and its role in comparing disease frequency

▪ Discuss key aspects of measuring disease occurrence ▪ Discuss burden of disease (morbidity (cumulative incidence, incidence rate

and prevalence), mortality, DALY measurement and mathematical relationship between measures of disease frequency) in context of priority setting, planning, program evaluation

▪ Describe the concept and purpose of standardization

Reading:

1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 2

2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 3.

3. Denise M. Oleske, Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services, Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag US, 2010.

Assignment: homework will be delivered in the website and should be submitted to Gamel before tutorial session

Session 4 – Natural History of disease and level of prevention for public health policy

[Date]


1. Describe the natural history of disease as a way to explain disease process 2. Discuss how natural history influence disease control strategy (example:

malaria, TB, HIV strategy in global health policy) 3. Demonstrate how different disease’s natural history shape different

disease control strategy Reading:

1. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 2 and Chapter 6

Assignment: none

Session 5 – Dynamic of Disease Transmission and reproductive rate

[Date]


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1. Define and explain the epidemiology triad as a basis of understanding disease occurrence

2. Define and explain herd immunity, population heterogeneity and reproductive rate

3. Define and explain the role of different mode of transmission influence transmission dynamic

4. Discuss application of herd immunity, population heterogeneity, reproductive rate and mode of transmission in disease control (example: strategy and policy on immunization program).

Reading: 1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd

Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 2 Assignment: None

Session 6 – Epidemiology Approach to Association and Causation for public health policy

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to:

1. Define and state the importance characteristic of a cause 2. Describe the historical development of disease causation theories,

including the germ theory and the web causation 3. Describe key elements of the sufficient-component cause model 4. Discuss the causal guidelines proposed by Hill, including the limitation 5. Describe and distinguish between a risk factor and cause 6. Demonstrate measures of association (absolute risk, relative risk, risk

difference and attributable risk fraction) Reading:

1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 15: The Epidemiologic Approach to Causation

2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 14: From Association to Causation: Deriving Inference from Epidemiologic Studies

Assignment: none

Session 7, 8 and 9 – Epidemiology Study Design : Introduction, Observational and Experimental Design in Healthcare Setting

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to :

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▪ Distinguish between experimental and observational studies

▪ Describe characteristic of cohort, case-control, cross sectional and ecological studies

▪ Describe the key features of conducting observational studies: cohort, case-control and cross sectional

▪ Discuss the strength and limitation across the observational design

▪ Identify design of particular study

▪ Describe characteristic of experimental studies regarding subject selection, data collection and analysis

▪ Distinguish between the type of experimental studies, including individual versus community trial, preventive versus therapeutic trials, parallel versus crossover trial, simple versus factorial trials

▪ Describe key features of conducting experimental studies

Reading: ▪ David G. Kleinbaum Kevin M. Sullivan Nancy D. Barker, A Pocket Guide to

Epidemiology. Chapter 3: How to set things up? Study design ▪ Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd

Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 6: Overview of Epidemiologic Study Design

▪ Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 7: Experimental Design

▪ Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 7 & 8: Assesing the Efficacy of Preventive and Randomized Trials and Randomized Trials: Some Furthur Issues

▪ Denise M. Oleske, Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services, Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag US, 2010. Chapter 4.

Assignment: none

Session 10 – Bias and Confounding

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to: ▪ Define and illustrate bias, confounding ▪ Distinguish bias and confounding ▪ Identify bias and way to deal with it ▪ Describe methods for assessing the presence of confounding ▪ Describe methods for controlling confounding ▪ Describe how the bias and confounding can impact the public health policy

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Reading: 1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd

Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 10: Bias and Chapter 11: Confounding

2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 15: More on Causal Inference: Bias, Confounding and Interaction.

Assignment: none

Session 11 – Effect Measures Modification

[Date]

Learning Objectives: By the end of this session, students will be able to : ▪ Define and describe examples of effect measure modification (synergism and

antagonism) ▪ Distinguish between confounding and effect measures modification

▪ Describe the methods for evaluating effect measures modification

▪ State relationship between the measures association and effect measures modification

Reading:

1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 13: Effect Measures Modification


Assignment: none

Session 12 – Diagnostic and Screening for public health policy

[Date]


1. Discuss role of diagnostic and screening in different level of prevention 2. List key characteristics of disease appropriate for diagnostic and screening 3. Describe important feature of a diagnostic and screening 4. Define sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive

predictive value (example: deciding the best screening tool for procurement policy)

5. Discuss the outcome measures and study design for evaluating of effectiveness diagnostic and screening program

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6. Describe the impact of screening on cancer mortality Reading:

1. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 18: The Epidemiologic Approach to the Evaluation of Screening Program;

2. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 16: Screening in Public Health;

Assignment: none

Session 13 – Reading epidemiological papers (critical appraisal)

[Date]


1. Appraise epidemiology related reports using STROBE and CONSORT

Reading: 1. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP,

et al. (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies. PLoS Med 4(10): e296. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296

2. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT Group (2010) CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. PLoS Med 7(3): e1000251. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000251

Assignment: none

Session 14 – Ethical and Professionals Issues in Epidemiology

[Date]


1. Discuss issues that relate to the actual conduct of epidemiology studies 2. Discuss issues that relate to broader societal issues beyond the

epidemiology studies it self 3. Describe historical events that have shaped current guideline and

regulation for ethical conduct of epidemiologic research involving human subjects

Reading:

1. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 20: Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology

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2. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 17: Ethics in Research Involving Human Participant

3. Council for International Organization of Medical Science. 2002. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available from : http://www.cioms.ch/publications/ layout_guide2002.pdf

Assignment: none

Session – FINAL EXAMINATION

[Date] In the fourth week of December

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LABORATORY OR TUTORIAL SCHEDULE

Please see the web to download the readings, data, computer program and lecture slides.

Session 1 – Measuring Disease Frequency for public health policy: Part 1 and 2

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After this session, students were expected to better able to: ▪ Define the basic measurement including proportion, rate and ratio ▪ Explain mathematical relationship between measures of disease frequency

▪ Calculate a range of measures of frequency of disease, including prevalence, risk, odds and rates distinguish between cumulative incidence, incidence rate and prevalence

▪ Organize disease frequency into two by two table

▪ Illustrate commonly used measures of disease frequency in public health ▪ Verbally interpret each absolute and relative measures of comparison

▪ Calculate standardization rate

Reading: ▪ Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd

Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 2 and Chapter 3

▪ Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4

Assignment: ▪ Homework assignment should be submitted online before the tutorial (before

24.00). ▪ Online quiz (post test) after tutorial session.

Session 2 – PH Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After working through this session, students were expected to be able to: ● Describe the purposes and methods of public health surveillance ● Describe some types of routinely collected data ● Discuss the advantages and limitations of data obtained from these routine

sources

● Identify the use of epidemiology in outbreak investigation

Reading:

1. [Dicker, R., Coronado F., Koo D., Parrish, R G., Principle of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, 3rd Edition. Lesson 5: Public Health Surveillance

2. Stephen B. T, Judith R. Q, Lisa M.L., Public Health Surveillance in the United States: Evolution and Challenges, MMWR. Available at:

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http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6103a2.htm?s_cid=su6103a2_x

3. Greg M, Field Epidemiology, 3rd Edition. 2008 Assignment: ▪ Homework assignment should be submitted online before the tutorial (before


Session 3 – Epidemiology study design : Observational study design in healthcare setting

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After working through this session, students were expected to be able to: ● Identify key components to be considered in selecting study design

● Define appropriate study design for different objective

Reading: ▪ David G. Kleinbaum Kevin M. Sullivan Nancy D. Barker, A Pocket Guide to

Epidemiology. Chapter 3: How to set things up? Study design ▪ Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd

Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 6: Overview of Epidemiologic Study Design



Session 4 – Measuring Association for public health policy

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After this session, students were expected to better able to: ▪ Define risk as it is used in public health practice

▪ Identify measures of association and risk as they are used in epidemiology ▪ Interpret relative risk and odds ratios and be familiar with their calculation

using two way two tables

▪ Interpret the following measures of risk differences: attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable risk percent.

Reading:

1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 2 and Chapter 3



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2. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 11: Estimating Risk: Is there an association



Session 5 – Bias, Confounding and Modification Effect : Part 1 and 2

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After this session, students were expected to better able to: a. Discuss the different types of bias that can distort the results of

epidemiological studies b. Illustrate methods to assess confounding c. Discuss a confounding variable provides an alternative explanation for an

observed association between an exposure and an outcome d. Discuss the interaction in an association Reading:

1. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 10: Bias and Chapter 11: Confounding




Session 6 – Effect and Impact Public Health Intervention

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After working through this session, students were expected to be able to: ▪ Explain the value of knowing the risk that is attributable to a specific exposure

▪ Use methods for calculating and interpreting attributable risks

▪ Calculate the attributable risks to assess the fraction and portion of the risk due to exposure and predict the impact on the incidence of disease when a causal risk factor is removed

▪ Identify the questions that the four measures of attributable risk answer

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Reading: Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 12: More on risk: estimating the potential for prevention Assignment: ▪ Homework assignment should be submitted online before the tutorial (before


Session 7 – Public Health Screening

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After working through this session, students were expected to be able to: ● Describe the measures of validity of a diagnostic test ● Calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative

predictive value ● Explain the relationship between prevalence and predictive values

● List the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for assessing appropriateness of screening

● Describe and calculate the measure of reliability of a test. Reading:

1. Gordis L, Epidemology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier Saunders: 2004. Update edition is preferable. Chapter 18: The Epidemiologic Approach to the Evaluation of Screening Program;

2. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Chapter 16: Screening in Public Health;



Session 8 – Appraisal Epidemiology papers

[Date]

Learning Objectives: After working through this session, students were expected to be able to: ● Use STROBE/CONSORT to appraise epidemiology related papers

Reading:

1. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in

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Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies. PLoS Med 4(10): e296. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296

2. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT Group (2010) CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. PLoS Med 7(3): e1000251. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000251



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SATUAN ACARA PENGAJARAN (SAP) TAHUN AKADEMIK 2018 – 2019

Mata Kuliah : Epidemiologi Kode Mata Kuliah : KUI 6021 Semester : I (Satu) Koordinator : Riris Andono Ahmad, dr, MPH, PhD

NO. TANGGAL & WAKTU TOPIK BAHASAN PENGAJAR

1. Overview and history of Epidemiology in term of public health policy

RAA

2. Application of epidemiology in public health practice

RAA

3. Measuring and Comparing Disease Frequency for public health policy

HK

T1 Measuring Disease Frequency for public health policy : Part 1

Tim Tutor

4. Natural History of disease and level of prevention for public health policy

RAA

5. Dynamic of Disease Transmission and reproductive rate

RAA

6. Epidemiology Approach to Association and Causation for public health policy

MH

7. Epidemiology Study Design in Healthcare Setting : Introduction, Observational and Experimental Design – 1

HK

T2 Measuring Disease Frequency for public health policy: Part 2

Tim Tutor

T3 PH Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Tim Tutor


HK

T4 Measuring Association for public health policy Tim Tutor


HK

T5 Epidemiology study design: Observational study design in healthcare setting

Tim Tutor

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10. Bias and Confounding HK

T6 Bias, Confounding and Modification Effect : Part 1 Tim Tutor

11. Effect Measures Modification HK

T7 Bias, Confounding and Modification Effect : Part 2 Tim Tutor

12. Diagnostic and Screening for Public Health Policy BS

T8 Effect and Impact Public Health Intervention Tim Tutor

NO. TANGGAL & WAKTU TOPIK BAHASAN PENGAJAR

13. Reading epidemiological papers (critical appraisal) MH

T9 Public Health Screening Tim Tutor

14. Ethical and Professionals Issues in Epidemiology MH

T10 Appraisal Epidemiology papers Tim Tutor

FINAL EXAMINATION

Dosen Pengajar :

dr. Riris Andono Ahmad, MPH, PhD (RAA) Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, DrPH (HK) Prof. dr. M. Hakimi, SpOG(K), PhD (MH) dr. M. Bayu Sasongko, Sp.M, M.Epid, PhD (BS)

course title : epidemiology i: basic for public health kui...

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