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COSS Handbook

RS/502 : ISSUE 1 (APRIL 2005)

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Uncontrolled When Printed

Working on the track is a high risk business and, asController of Site Safety, the lives of your workmates

are in your hands. It’s a serious responsibility.

Getting it right requires an in-depth knowledgeof the railway, a clear understanding of the

rules and the ability to carefully apply them.

Getting it wrong is not an option.

Please take time to studythis handbook.

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ContentApproved by Track Safety Strategy Group and Train Operation and Management SubjectCommittee. Authorised for publication by Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB). Any enquiriesshould be directed to the Industry Safety Liaison Department, RSSB - telephone 020 7904 7518.

ApplicationThis handbook is intended to help a COSS carry out their duties.

SupplyControlled and uncontrolled copies of this document may be obtained from RSSB, EvergreenHouse, 160 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DX.

COSS HandbookRS/502 : ISSUE 1 (APRIL 2005)

published by in association with

Issue Date Comments

1 April 2005 Original version

© Copyright 2005 Rail Safety and Standards Board


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A Controller of Site Safety, known as a COSS, must beappointed if two or more people need to -

� go on a line

� go within 3 metres (10 feet) of a line, on the railway sideof any permanent fence or structure, or

� carry out engineering or technical work on a platformwithin 1.25 metres (4 feet) of its edge.

The role of the COSS is to make sure the people are safe.

This handbook covers the rules which the COSS needs toapply in these situations.

This handbook does not cover -

� the duties of a COSS when working alone

� the duties of a Protection Controller

� the duties of a Machine or Crane Controller

� the duties of a Designated Person

� local instructions, and

� lines on which trains are allowed to travel at more than 125 mph.

�Uncontrolled When Printed

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section content page

Introduction 7

Terms you will need to know 8

The role of the COSS 10

Planning the safe system 11

Working in a possession

Possessions and worksites 14

If your work is not within a worksite 15

If your work is within a worksite 16

Blocking the line

Line blockage basics 17

Sharing a T2 17

Protecting signals and points 18

Communications 21

Choosing the right line blockage 22

Taking a T12 23

Taking a T2 24

Signal post replacement switches 26

Red flag or red light 26

Stabled trains 26

T2A 27

T2D 28

T2H 29

T2T 33

T2X 35

Using a trolley 36

Level crossings 37

After completing the arrangements 37

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2

3

4

5

6

5.1

5.2

5.3

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

6.10

6.11

6.12

6.13

6.14

6.15

6.16

6.17

6.18

Contents�Uncontrolled When Printed

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Contents�


Your safe system

Train movements 38

Speed restrictions 38

Setting up your safe system 39

Safeguarded green zones 40

Fenced green zones 40

Separated green zones 43

Red zone working 45

Position of safety 46

Warning your group that a train is approaching 48

Sharing lookouts or a warning system 49

Using an Automatic Track Warning System 49

Using a Train Operated Warning System 51

Using lookouts 52

Using a Lookout Operated Warning System 54

The different roles of a lookout 55

Using lookouts in darkness or poor visibility 57

Working on lines with OLE 58

Working on lines with conductor rails 60

Checking qualifications

Sentinel cards 62

Track Visitor Permits 62

Briefing your group 63

77.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.10

7.11

7.12

7.13

7.14

7.15

7.16

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9

10

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10.1

10.2


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Contents�


During the work

Checking the safe system 65

When a train is approaching 65

When a site warden gives a warning 66

Updating the signaller 66

Change of COSS 66

Using a trolley 67

Changing the arrangements for a T2 68

If a worksite is to be given up 68

When the work is finished 69

Giving back electrical permits 70

Giving up a line blockage

Telling your group 71

T12 71

Shared T2s 72

T2 72

Retaking a T2 74

Further help

Information on Sentinel cards 75

Checklist to help plan a safe system 76

Sighting distance charts 78

Working out the required warning time 80

1212.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7

12.8

13

14

15

16

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5


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Introduction1

SIGNPOST

As a COSS you need to have a clear understanding of track safety rules.You will find most of them in modules T2, T7 and T12 of the Rule Bookbut there are many other documents which contain instructionsrelevant to you. This handbook brings them together.

It aims to take you on a journey - first helping you to check or plan yoursafe system and then set it up. There’s also guidance, not just rules.It uses everyday words and presents the duties in a sensible order -the right order will depend on your particular job or situation.

Most rules and requirements are written in black text. But -

� orange text with a symbol identifies a rule which is an exceptionto the norm

� purple text with a symbol offers extra information andguidance, and

� ‘signpost’ boxes, which are usually purple, point you towards thenext section relevant to your safe system.

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Terms you will need to know2

Before starting, we need to confirm the meaning of some of the termsused in this handbook.

Site This is where your work is going to take place, knownin the Rule Book as a ‘site of work’.

Green zone A site within which there are no train movementsexcept, possibly, engineering trains or on-track plantmoving no faster than walking pace.

Red zone A site where a warning is given of approaching trains.

Safe system These are the safety arrangements which the COSSwill put in place to protect the group from trains,involving either a green or red zone.

Sentinel card This is sometimes known as a PTS or track safety card.

Safety barrier This is known in the Rule Book as a ‘rigid ortensioned barrier’.

Maximum speed This is either the highest speed at which trains areof trains allowed to travel on a line, as given in the Sectional

Appendix, or a speed restriction if one has been setup especially for the work.

Nearest line When a distance is specified to the nearest line, themeasurement is taken to the nearest running railof that line.

Single line Single line working is in operation when one or working more lines have been blocked and trains are using a

remaining open line in both directions.


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Terms you will need to know2

PLB This means Possession LimitBoard, sometimes known as astop board. A PLB is the same onboth sides - red with the word‘STOP’ in white letters togetherwith a red light.

Darkness or This term refers to darkness, bad weather such as poor visibility fog or falling snow, and inside or near a tunnel.

COSS form This is known in the Rule Book as the ‘COSS Recordof Arrangements and Briefing Form’ or RT9909.

T12 form This is known in the Rule Book as the ‘Record of T12Protection Arrangements (IWA/COSS’s form)’ orRT3179.

T2 form This is known in the Rule Book as the ‘Record ofArrangements Form’ or RT3181.


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The role of the COSS3

A COSS must be appointed if two or more people need to -

� go on a line

� go within 3 metres (10 feet) of a line, on the railway side of anypermanent fence or structure, or

� carry out engineering or technical work on a platform, within 1.25metres (4 feet) of its edge.

For the purposes of this handbook, you are the COSS.

Your role is to make sure that the group is not put in danger by trains.This will involve setting up a safe system both for the job itself andgetting to and from the site. Each member of the group must be toldand understand the safety arrangements.

When acting as COSS, make sure you -

� have an in-date COSS qualification, listed on your Sentinel card withits expiry date

� show your Sentinel card to your group before starting work

� wear an armlet on your left arm or badge on your upper body with‘COSS’ in white letters on a blue background, and

� stay with your group until the job is completed and everyone is clearof the line, or you are replaced by another COSS.

A COSS armlet


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Planning the safe system4

You will need to find out certain information about the job, the site andthe people involved in order to set up the most suitable safe system.This will include -

� the nature and location of the work

� the approved access point and route to site

� the limits of the site and how they are defined

� the lines at the site together with the maximum speed at whichtrains are allowed to travel and their normal direction

� the best means of contacting the signaller, nearest A&E hospital, theemergency services and, if necessary, the electrical control operator

� information about hazards at the site, such as electrificationequipment or buried services

� whether red zone working is banned or restricted at the site, and

� the most suitable method of green or red zone working, both for thejob itself and getting to and from site.

Normally this information will be given to you on a partly completedCOSS form, including a pre-planned safe system. You will need tocomplete the form by recording any hazards which could not bechecked in advance such as problems caused by the weather.

You should also be provided with -

� details of any line blockage, speed restriction or electrical isolationwhich has been arranged for your work, and

� the people and equipment needed to set up the safe system such ashandsignallers, lookouts or fencing.


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There are eight methods of green and red zone working, listed belowwith the safest at the top. Whenever practical your site must be a greenzone. Red zone working can only be used if there is no realisticalternative and is banned in some situations.

The safe system must take into account the furthest possible edges of thesite, not just where most of the work will be taking place most of the time.

Make sure your group can walk to and from site safely.

Where possible keep more than 3 metres (10 feet) from all lines.Otherwise protect your group from trains or provide a warning of theirapproach. Depending on the available clearance, this will usuallyinvolve appointing a site warden or lookout, or using a warning systemif one is available.

Green Zones

Safeguarded green zone, created by blocking all the lines at your site

Red Zones

Red zone with ATWS - an Automatic Track Warning System warns thegroup of approaching trainsRed zone with TOWS - a Train Operated Warning System warns thegroup of approaching trainsRed zone with LOWS - a Lookout Operated Warning System warns thegroup of approaching trainsRed zone with Pee Wee - lookouts using Pee Wee warn the group ofapproaching trainsRed zone with lookout - one or more unassisted lookouts warn thegroup of approaching trains

Fenced green zone, created by putting up a fence between your siteand the nearest open lineSeparated green zone, created by making sure there is a space betweenyour site and the nearest open line

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SIGNPOST

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Before setting up a system make sure it is safe. If you believe that theplanned type of green or red zone working is unsuitable, you canchange it to the safest (highest) practical method from the list above.However, if this method is lower than the one planned, get permissionfirst from your supervisor. Their name, together with the reason for thechange, must be recorded on your COSS form.

For short notice work such as an urgent fault, you will have to find outthe required information yourself and decide on the safest (highest)practical system from the list. This will depend on the people andequipment available to you and, if required, whether you can arrange aline blockage directly with the signaller.

For this situation a checklist is provided towards the back of thishandbook to help you plan the most suitable safe system.

Remember, whether pre-planned or not, you are responsible for thesafety of the group. You must be certain that the arrangements aregood enough and work must not start unless a suitable safe system hasbeen set up.

� if your site will be in a possession go to Section 5

� if you need to block any of the lines at your site go to Section 6

�otherwise go to Section 7.


Possessions and worksites

A possession, also known as a T3, is a blockage of a running line, usuallytaken for work involving engineering trains. The Person in Charge of thePossession, known as the PICOP, normally arranges for detonators and aPLB to be placed at the possession limits. The PICOP controls trainmovements into and within the possession.

A worksite is an area within the possession, usually with marker boardsat the limits, under the control of an Engineering Supervisor, known asan ES. The ES controls train movements into and within their worksite.

An ES wears an armlet on their left arm or badge on theirupper body with ‘ENGINEEERING SUPERVISOR’ in blueletters on a yellow background.

Example of a simple possession -

5.1

Working in a possession5

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ENGINEERINGSUPERVISOR


SIGNPOST

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SIGNPOST

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Possession of a siding, known as a T4, is taken by a ‘person in charge (T4)’.You can arrange to work within their possession as long as you agree asuitable method of protection for your site.

� if you are going to work in a worksite go to Section 5.3,otherwise read on.

If your work is not within a worksite

In this situation, treat all the lines under possession as open and set up asafe system as per the arrangements in Section 7 of this handbook.

If you are going to set up a red zone you need to understand thatnormal signalling is suspended between the possession limits. Trainscan approach in either direction on any line, at any time, at any speedup to the maximum allowed on that line.

Fenced and separated green zones can only be used if you do not needto block any of the lines under possession, such as work in the cess or asignalling cabinet. For this reason, safeguarded green zones are notpossible at all.

�go to Section 7.

5.2

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SIGNPOST

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If your work is within a worksite

In this situation your work must either be pre-planned or agreed by the ES.Before starting, sign the Engineering Supervisor’s certificate, also knownas RT3199, and set up a suitable safe system.

There can be many dangers within a worksite such as tripping hazardsfrom equipment and materials, work taking place overhead, high levelsof background noise and, of course, trains or on-track plant. Theremight also be open lines next to the worksite and your safe systemneeds to take these into account.

You can treat the lines within a worksite as blocked and set up a greenzone only if -

� you reach a clear understanding with the ES about all movements ofengineering trains and on-track plant

� you are sure nobody will be put in danger by the movements

� the movements are authorised by the ES, and

� they will be made at extreme caution, no faster than walking pace.

Set up a red zone if any of these requirements cannot be met.

�go to Section 7.

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5.3


SIGNPOST

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SIGNPOST

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Line blockage basics

A line can be blocked in several different ways using the arrangementsknown as T12 and T2. Normally blockages are pre-planned. If so you willbe provided with all the necessary information and, where appropriate -

� the people and equipment needed for the line blockage such as ahandsignaller or TCOD

� a partly completed T12 or T2 form

� a diagram showing the track layout, protecting signals, points andany level crossings which might be affected by your work, and

� a booking reference number to give to the signaller.

� if you are going to work in a T2 shared by other groups read on,otherwise go to Section 6.3.

Sharing a T2

If you are going to work in a T2 shared by other COSSs, a ProtectionController, known as a PC, will make the arrangements. Before startingwork, get the PC’s permission to use the T2 as part of your safe system.

A PC wears an armlet on their left arm or badge ontheir upper body with ‘PC’ in green letters on a whitebackground.

�go to Section 7.

6.1

Blocking the line6

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6.2

PC


Protecting signals and points

Protecting signals and points can be used to make sure trains do notenter your site.

A protecting signal is usually the last signal on the approach to the site andwill make any approaching train stop. However it must be a ‘stop’ signal -in other words it can be set to red or danger. There might be severalprotecting signals if there are points or crossovers near your site.

6.3

Blocking the line6

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Example of a protecting signal on plain line -

Signal AB123 will be set to danger to stop trains reaching the site.

AB123


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Blocking the line6

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Example of protecting signals where the track layout is complex -

Signals AB123, AB125 and AB127 will be set to danger to stop trains reaching the site.

AB123 AB125 AB127

Be aware, a protecting signal can be cleared to allow trains access to aline not affected by your work.

Before this happens the signaller will set the points in the right positionto protect your site and route the train around or away from it.


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Blocking the line6

If you are going to take a T2 on a line with track circuit block signallingand you need to work within the first 200 metres (200 yards) beyond asignal, the previous signal has to be the protecting signal and bothsignals will be set to red.

In this case trains can be authorised to pass the protecting signal to gainaccess to a station between the two signals or shunt to another line.The signaller will inform you of any such movements.

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Example of protecting points -

The position of 600A points will be set to route trains away from the site, from the Up Fast to the Up Slow.

600APOINTS


Communications

Good communications are vital when arranging a T12 or T2 but so isyour safety. Never use a phone or radio unless you are standing still,well clear of any line on which a train might approach.

Test the phone or radio you are going to use to make sure it worksproperly. You might need to speak with a number of different peoplewhen taking a line blockage such as the signaller, handsignaller orsignalling technician. Make sure there is an effective way of contactingthose involved before work begins.

Start each conversation by giving your name, role, employer and location,and confirm you are speaking to the right person. Make sure you have allthe necessary information to hand, speak clearly and use short sentences.

Always repeat back safety critical information, including details recordedon forms, to make sure it is clearly understood and agreed by bothparties. If you have not heard a piece of information clearly or don’tunderstand something, ask for it to be repeated or explained.

Use the phonetic alphabet for details which could be spelt incorrectly ormisheard such as locations and signals. Give numbers individually, forexample 370 is “three seven zero” not “three hundred and seventy”.

6.4

Blocking the line6

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The Phonetic Alphabet

A alpha

B bravo

C charlie

D delta

E echo

F foxtrot

G golf

H hotel

I india

J juliet

K kilo

L lima

M mike

N november

O oscar

P papa

Q quebec

R romeo

S sierra

T tango

U uniform

V victor

W whisky

X x-ray

Y yankee

Z zulu


SIGNPOST

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Choosing the right line blockage

A T12 can only be used if the work will not -

� make the blocked line unsafe for trains

� take more than 30 minutes to complete

� involve more than six people or more than one group

� activate any level crossing, or

� cause any signal to change aspect.

So you cannot, for example, use T12 to replace a fishplate or putequipment foul of the line. As T12 relies on the signaller placing signal(s)to danger, make sure your group will be properly protected taking intoaccount things like the complexity of the track layout.

Use a T2 to block a line if your work might make it unsafe for trains. Noengineering trains or on-track plant can be used on the blocked line.Choosing the right T2 depends on the type of signalling used on thelines at your site and, to some extent, the nature of your work. There areseveral different methods -

� if you are going to take a T2 go to Section 6.7,otherwise read on.

6.5

Blocking the line6

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Blockage Signalling Protection

T2A track circuits apply a TCOD

T2D any disconnect signalling equipment

T2H any position handsignaller or PLB

T2T

absolute block block indicator to ‘train on line’

tokenless block acceptance switches to ‘normal’

token workedsingle line take the token

T2X any signals, but only in an emergency


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Blocking the line6

Taking a T12

Contact the signaller controlling the line(s) you need to block. Givethem your booking reference number if you have one.

Reach a clear understanding with the signaller about the arrangementsfor the T12 including -

� the nature of the work

� the locations between which the work is to take place

� the line(s) to be blocked

� the protecting signal(s) or points involved

� the time required for the work and a call back time, and

� the contact details and the method of communication which has tobe available throughout the work.

Make sure the arrangements include all possible routes into your site.This is very important if trains can travel in both directions on the line(s)concerned or there are points nearby.

At some locations the lines are controlled by different signal boxes.In this case, if you need to block more than one line, you might have tomake arrangements with both signallers and take separate T12s.

Record the details in Part A of the T12 form.

The signaller will confirm with you that all trains have passed clear ofthe portion of line involved or ask you to wait until they have done so,and then -

� put all necessary signals to danger

� set all necessary points in the correct position, and

� place reminder appliances.

6.6

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SIGNPOST

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The signaller will then give you an authority number - record it on theT12 form.

The T12 has now been granted

�go to Section 7.

Taking a T2

Contact the signaller controlling the line(s) you need to block. Givethem your booking reference number if you have one.

Reach a clear understanding with the signaller about the arrangementsfor the T2 including -

� the type of T2 to be used

� the nature of the work

� the locations between which the work is to take place

� the line(s) to be blocked

� any protecting signal(s) or points

� whether the blockage will be given up to allow trains to pass

� the time by which the blockage will be given up or suspended, and

� the contact details.

Make sure the arrangements include all possible routes into your site.This is very important if trains can travel in both directions on the line(s)concerned, there are points nearby or single line working is in operation.

At some locations the lines are controlled by different signal boxes.In this case, if you need to block more than one line, you might have tomake arrangements with both signallers and take separate T2s.

6.7

Blocking the line6

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Blocking the line6

Record the details in Part A of the T2 form.

The signaller will confirm with you that the relevant portion of line isclear of all trains (unless they are stabled on a platform line) and then -

� put all necessary signals to danger or ask you to arrange for this tobe done by operating a signal post replacement switch

� set all necessary points in the correct position

� place reminder appliances, and

� ask you to make any other arrangements required for the T2.

These arrangements have to remain in place until the work is finished,suspended or, if the controlling signal box closes during the work, untilit reopens.

See Section 15.4 about giving up a T2T on a token working single line.

Remember that a T2 is not granted until all the arrangements have beencompleted - so treat the relevant lines as open. Make sure that everyoneinvolved in setting up the T2 is properly protected particularly ifadjacent lines are to stay open.

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Blocking the line6

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Signal Post Replacement Switches

Signal Post Replacement Switches, sometimesknown as SPRS, are used to put a ‘stop’ signalto danger when this cannot be done by thesignaller.

If this is required, instruct someone to -

� check the aspect of the signal and tell the signaller if it is alreadyat danger

� ask the signaller for permission to switch the signal to danger

� operate the switch, check that the signal is at danger and tellthe signaller.

Red flag or red light

Place a red flag or, in darkness or poor visibility, a red light in the four-footclose to the site in clear view of any approaching train. Do this at bothends of your site if trains can approach from either direction.

Stabled trains

If a platform line is to be blocked and a train is stabled on it, provideprotection on the platform side of the train.

Make sure that a ‘NOT TO BE MOVED’ board orred flag or, in darkness or poor visibility, a redlight is attached alongside any cab from whichthe train could be driven.

Record this protection in Part C of the T2 form.

6.8

6.9

6.10


SIGNPOST

� If you are going to take -

� a T2A read on

� a T2D go to Section 6.12

� a T2H go to Section 6.13

� a T2T go to Section 6.14

� a T2X go to Section 6.15.

T2A

T2A involves the use of one or more Track Circuit Operating Devices,known as TCODs.

Examples of TCODs

A T2A can only be used if -

� its use at the location is authorised in the Sectional Appendix

� the necessary signalling equipment is working properly

� there is a suitable signal on the approach to your site which can beput to danger

� the work will not affect the relevant track circuit, and

� you are trained to use a TCOD or you have someone with you who is.

Blocking the line6

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6.11


SIGNPOST

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SIGNPOST

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Blocking the line6

Reach a clear understanding with the signaller as to where each TCODis to be applied and then -

� confirm that the relevant track circuit is ‘clear’

� attach the TCOD with the signaller’s permission, and then

� confirm that the track circuit now shows ‘occupied’.

If a stabled train is occupying the only appropriate track circuit, the traincan act as a TCOD as long as the arrangements in Section 6.10 are applied.

� if you are going to use a trolley go to Section 6.16

� if your work could affect a level crossing go to Section 6.17

�otherwise go to Section 6.18.

T2D

T2D involves the disconnection of signalling equipment. This type of T2can only be used if you are qualified to disconnect signalling equipmentor you have someone with you who is.

After obtaining the signaller’s permission, arrange for the necessarysignalling equipment to be disconnected.




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6.12


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Blocking the line6

Examples of a T2H using a protecting signal -

with a handsignaller displaying with a possession limit a red flag at AB123 signal board at AB123 signal

AB123 AB123

T2H

T2H involves the use of handsignallers, detonators and, sometimes, PLBs.There are several different options depending on the situation.

At a protecting signal equipped with a phone you can either -

� arrange for a handsignaller to display a red handsignal and placethree detonators on the same rail 20 metres (20 yards) apart, with thefirst one at the signal and the other two beyond it, or

� instruct someone to place a PLB in the four-foot and threedetonators on the same rail 20 metres (20 yards) apart, with the firstone next to the PLB and the other two beyond it.

6.13

If a protecting signal does not have a phone, position the handsignallerin the controlling signal box.!


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Blocking the line6

! One handsignaller can be used to take a T2H of adjacent lines with thesame direction of travel. The handsignaller has to display a red handsignalat one of the protecting signals but still place detonators on all theblocked lines. More than one handsignaller would be required if theprotecting signals are not alongside each other.

Example of a T2H on two adjacent lines in the same direction -

A handsignaller displaying a red flag at AB123 signal with detonators at both AB123 and AB125 signals.

AB123 AB125


Blocking the line6

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If the 2 km distance falls within a tunnel, position the handsignaller atthe end of the tunnel furthest from the site.!

If there is no suitable protecting signal, you can arrange for ahandsignaller to -

� display a red handsignal at the start of the site and place threedetonators on the same rail 20 metres (20 yards) apart

and another ‘distant’ handsignaller to -

� display a red handsignal 2 km (114 miles) away on the approach tothe site, and place three detonators on the same rail 20 metres(20 yards) apart.

Example of a T2H using a distant handsignaller -


Blocking the line6

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At protecting points you can instruct someone to -

� place a PLB in the four-foot and three detonators on the same rail 20metres (20 yards) apart, with the first one next to the PLB and theother two beyond it. This protection must be clear of any points orthrough crossing required for train movements.

Example of a T2H using protecting points -

The position of 600A points will be set to route trains away from the site, from the Up Slow to the Up Fast.

600Apoints

SIGNPOST

� � if you are going to use a trolley go to Section 6.16




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Blocking the line6

T2T

There are three different types of T2T depending on the signalling system.

On tokenless block lines, get an assurance from the signaller that -

� the acceptance switches are at and will be kept in the ‘normal’position, and

� the necessary signals have been placed and will be kept at danger.

On absolute block lines, get an assurance from the signaller that -

� the block indicator has been placed and will be kept at ‘train online’, and

� the necessary signals have been placed and will be kept at danger.

6.14

HOMESIGNAL

SECTIONSIGNAL


Blocking the line6

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SIGNPOST

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If your site is within station limits but beyond the clearing point, thesignaller does not need to place the block indicator to ‘train on line’ andtherefore you will not get an assurance.

On single lines worked by token -

� obtain the token either from an instrument or the signal box, asagreed with the signaller.

Example of a token

If your site is within station limits but beyond the clearing point, you donot need to obtain the token. Signals will be kept at danger instead.




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SIGNPOST

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Blocking the line6

T2X

T2X relies on signal protection and can only be used if -

� the signaller needs you to deal with a problem which is affecting thepassage of trains

� the work will not make the line unsafe for trains

� no obstructions will be placed foul of the line

� no other type of T2 is practical, and

� the signal box will remain open for the duration of the T2X.

As T2X relies on the signaller placing signal(s) to danger, make sure yourgroup will be properly protected taking into account things like thecomplexity of the track layout.

� if your work could affect a level crossing go to Section 6.17,otherwise go to Section 6.18.

6.15

i


SIGNPOST

�

Using a trolley

With the agreement of the signaller, a T2 can be used to protect trolleysand authorised equipment on wheels/runners as long as -

� the trolley or equipment is not motorised

� T2X is not used, and

� there is no fog or falling snow, unless it is an emergency.

Make sure you -

� agree with the signaller whether any movements will be made in thewrong direction, and

� tell the signaller when the trolley arrives at a signal box or signal witha phone.

Don’t allow the trolley to -

� move outside the T2

� move in the wrong direction to within 400 metres (440 yards) of theprotecting signal

� move over any points unless they are set in the correct position and,if necessary, secured

� pass any signal at danger without the signaller’s authority, or

� pass over any track circuit or treadle at the entrance or exit of atokenless block line section.

� if the trolley could affect a level crossing read on,otherwise go to Section 6.18.

6.16

Blocking the line6

36


Level crossings

You will need to make sure that road traffic can still use any levelcrossing which could be affected by your work. This will involve youagreeing arrangements with the signaller. These will depend on the typeof crossing and must be recorded in Part B of the T2 form.

At Automatic Half Barrier (AHBC) crossings -

� arrange for a Level Crossing Attendant to control the crossing.

At Remotely Controlled (RC) or CCTV crossings -

� arrange for a Level Crossing Attendant to be provided.

At Automatic Open Crossings, Locally Controlled (AOCL) -

� instruct someone to switch off the road traffic signals andwarning siren or bells.

At Automatic Barrier Crossings, Locally Controlled (ABCL) -

� instruct someone to switch off the road traffic signals and warningsiren or bells, and leave the barriers raised.

Also, if you are using a trolley don’t allow it to -

� pass over a manned crossing unless it is closed to road traffic

� come within the controls of any AOCL or ABCL crossing, or

� pass over a crossing with green and red warning lights unless youhave confirmed that it is safe to do so.

After completing the arrangements

Inform the signaller when you have completed the arrangements foryour T2. The signaller will give you an authority number - record it inPart D of the T2 form.

The T2 has now been granted.

Blocking the line6

37

6.18

6.17

!


Train movements

Treat all lines as open and assume that trains might approach on anyline at any time unless -

� you have arranged for the relevant line(s) to be blocked

� you have obtained permission from a Protection Controller to use aT2 which they have arranged, or

� you have signed into an Engineering Supervisor’s worksite and therequirements for setting up a green zone, detailed in Section 5.3, arecomplied with.

Speed restrictions

The highest speed at which trains are allowed to travel on a line can bereduced by applying either a Temporary or Emergency SpeedRestriction, known as a TSR or ESR. These can only be set up by aqualified person and TSRs are usually pre-planned.

You can only rely on a speed restriction that has been set up especiallyfor your work.

7.1

Your safe system7

38

7.2


SIGNPOST

�

SIGNPOST

�

SIGNPOST

SIGNPOST

Setting up your safe system

Your safe system will involve one of the eight types of green or red zoneworking, listed below with the safest at the top -

� safeguarded green zone, created by blocking all the linesat your site

� in this case go to Section 7.4.

� fenced green zone, created by putting up a fence between your siteand the nearest open line


� separated green zone, created by making sure there is a spacebetween your site and the nearest open line


� red zone with ATWS - an Automatic Track Warning System warns thegroup of approaching trains

� red zone with TOWS - a Train Operated Warning System warns thegroup of approaching trains

� red zone with LOWS - a Lookout Operated Warning System warnsthe group of approaching trains

� red zone with Pee Wee - lookouts using Pee Wee warn the group ofapproaching trains

� red zone with lookout - one or more unassisted lookouts warn thegroup of approaching trains

� if you are going to work in a red zone go to Section 7.7.

7.3

Your safe system7

39

�

�


SIGNPOST

�

Safeguarded green zones

A safeguarded green zone has been created if you have arranged for allthe lines at your site to be blocked.

� if there is OLE at the site go to Section 8

� if there are conductor rails at the site go to Section 9


Fenced green zones

A fenced green zone is created by putting up temporary fencingbetween your site and the nearest open line.

There are three different types of fence -

� a safety barrier, made of rigid spars, planks or tensioned webbing,and strong enough to hold back anyone falling against it

� plastic netting, often known as ‘netlon’, and

� barricade tape.

There must be a space between the fence and the nearest open line.The minimum size of this space depends on the type of fence and themaximum speed of trains on that line -

7.4

Your safe system7

40

7.5

Maximum speed oftrains on nearest open line

Safety barrier

Plastic netting orbarricade tape

0-40 mph

at least

1.25m (4ft)from nearest open line

at least


41-100 mph

at least


at least

2m (6ft6)from nearest open line

over 100 mph

at least


at least



41

Your safe system7

Examples of fenced green zones using a safety barrier -

in the cess on a blocked line

Examples of fenced green zones using plastic netting -

in the cess on a blocked line


SIGNPOST

�

42

Your safe system7

Make sure the fencing runs throughout the site, including the ends ifnecessary, although a break can be provided when people need to crossthe line. Breaks must be provided at least every 40 metres (40 yards) ifthe fence is to be left in position when work is not taking place.

If a safety barrier is to be used, it must be -

� blue, or yellow and black stripes

� of a type approved by Network Rail

� high enough to prevent people falling over it, and

� put up as shown in the instructions.

Other fences must -

� be made of blue plastic netting or two rows of 75-150 mm wide,yellow and black striped barricade tape

� be about 1 metre high but not more than 915 mm above the rail if itis within 2 metres (6ft6) of an open line

� have uprights at least every 2 metres (6ft6) fixed firmly enough forthe base not to move if normal hand pressure is applied, and

� not move to within the minimum distance from a line if the windblows or a train goes past.

Make sure that a safe system is set up to protect the people putting upthe fence. This will usually involve blocking the nearest lines on bothsides of the fence or giving a warning of approaching trains.

If uprights need to be driven into the ground, checks must be carriedout to make sure there are no buried cables or pipes nearby.




i


Example of a separated green zone -

A 3 metre (10ft) space provided on both sides of a green zone, with a blocked line within the site.

Separated green zones

There are three types of separated green zone and they can be created by -

� making sure there is a space of at least 3 metres (10 feet) betweenthe site and nearest open line

� making sure there is a space of at least 2 metres (6ft6) between thesite and nearest open line, and having no more than one otherperson with you, or

� making sure there is a space of at least 2 metres (6ft6) between the siteand nearest open line, and appointing one or more site wardens.

Make sure that -

� the space provided is big enough

� nobody will need to move into it, and

� the system is safe for the type of work, the number of people in thegroup and their experience.

7.6

Your safe system7

43


44

Your safe system7

Examples of separated green zones -

A COSS plus one other person A larger group with a site warden(left) in the cess and (right) on a blocked line. (left) in the cess and (right) on a blocked line.

The job of a site warden is to warn anyone who strays beyond the safelimits of the green zone into the space.

Make sure each site warden -

� wears an armlet on their left arm or badge on theirupper body with ‘site warden’ in blue letters on awhite background

� is not distracted and has no other duties

and has with them -

� their Sentinel card, including in-date PTS and lookout qualifications

� a whistle or horn

� a red flag or, in darkness or poor visibility, a handlamp which canshow a red light

� at least six, in-date detonators, and

� on lines with track circuits, a track circuit operating clip.

SITEWARDEN


SIGNPOST

�

As the COSS you can also act as site warden as long as you meet all therequirements listed on the previous page.

Make sure each site warden can clearly see all the people they need towatch and knows -

� where to stand

� where the safe limits of the green zone are

� who they need to warn, and

� the method of warning.




Red zone working

Red zone working can only be used if there is no realistic alternative.It is banned altogether -

� at locations listed in Network Rail’s Hazard Directory

� if the maximum speed of trains on the relevant line is more than125 mph

� if the group would have to cross more than two open lines to reachthe position of safety

� if the group would have to walk more than 25 metres (25 yards)along the line to reach the position of safety, or

� if the required warning time is more than 45 seconds.

Set up a green zone in any of the these situations.

7.7

Your safe system7

45


46

Your safe system7

At some locations red zone working is only allowed if an AutomaticTrack Warning System is used. There are also places where a line mustbe blocked to create a position of safety. Details are given in theHazard Directory along with other information which might affect thesafety of red zone working, for example limited sighting distance.

Position of safety

A position of safety is a place where it is safe to stand whilst a train ispassing and must be at least -

� 1.25 metres (4 feet) from any line on which a train might approach, or

� 2 metres (6ft6) if the maximum speed of trains on that line isbetween 101-125 mph.

Examples of positions of safety in the cess

7.8

i


Examples of positions of safety on a blocked line

Make sure there is enough space for everyone in the group togetherwith their tools and equipment. If any lightweight equipment is to beleft on the ground whilst a train is passing, it must be at least 2 metres(6ft6) from the line irrespective of the speed.

Remember these are minimum distances. The faster the train, thefurther away your group should be. This is also true if, for example, theunderfoot conditions are difficult, the nearest line is on a curve or theweather is bad.

If you are using refuges you might need to tell each member of thegroup which refuge to use, to avoid everyone going to the same one.

Your safe system7

47

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48

Your safe system7

Warning your group that a train is approaching

If you are working in a red zone you will need to provide enough priorwarning of a train to make sure that every member of your group is in aposition of safety at least 10 seconds before the train passes.

This is the ‘required warning time’ and depends on -

� the work being undertaken

� the time it will take the group to stop work and move to the positionof safety with their tools

� the number of lookouts or type of warning system involved, and

� the maximum speed of trains.

Towards the back of this handbook is a form which will help you towork out the required warning time

Remember, red zone working is banned if the required warning time ismore than 45 seconds. In this case a different safe system has to be set up.

You will then need to use the Sighting Distance Chart to find out the‘required sighting distance’ - this is how far the lookout(s) needs to beable to see or where the train detectors for an ATWS need to bepositioned for the group to have the required warning time.

Whatever method of red zone working you are using, the requiredwarning time must be provided.

Make sure that a warning will be given of all trains approaching yoursite. This is very important if trains can travel in both directions on linesat the site, there are points nearby or single line working is in operation.You might need to contact the signaller to find out this information.

i

7.9

i


SIGNPOST

�

49

Your safe system7

Sharing lookouts or a warning system

If you arrive at your site and find that other groups are already workingthere, you can agree with the other COSSs to share their lookouts orwarning system.

You will need to -

� make sure that there is enough warning time for your work

� confirm how the warning will be given

� agree what will happen if the other groups finish their work first, and

� decide which COSS is in charge of the lookouts or warning system.

� if you are going to use an ATWS read on

� if you are going to use TOWS go to Section 7.12

� if you are going to use LOWS, Pee Wee or unassisted lookoutsgo to Section 7.13.

Using an Automatic Track Warning System

Automatic Track Warning Systems, known as ATWS, detect trains bymeans of treadles or sensors attached to the rail.

If your group is to be warned by an ATWS, it might be set up just foryour work or, if one is available, a fixed system could be used. Either way,ATWS must be operated by a qualified person who will tell you thelimits of the area covered by the system and the method of warning.

Installing an ATWS is a work activity in itself. This must be carefullyplanned and a safe system provided, usually requiring a line blockage.

7.11

i

i

7.10


SIGNPOST

�

50

Your safe system7

ATWS can give warnings in several different ways depending on thesystem in use. These include flashing lights, sirens and personalwarning equipment worn by each member of the workgroup.

Examples of ATWS warning equipment

Some systems make a sound from time-to-time to confirm they areworking properly.

When a warning is given either a train is approaching or, rarely, thesystem might have failed. The group must go to the position of safetystraight away.

If the relevant trains pass, the warning stops and the site is safe, you canallow work to restart.

If no train appears within a reasonable time, assume the system hasfailed. Keep the group in the position of safety whilst you find out whathas happened and, if necessary, set up a different safe system.





Using a Train Operated Warning System

Train Operated Warning Systems, known as TOWS, are available atplaces shown in the Sectional Appendix. They use track circuits todetect trains and the warning is given by a siren.

Don’t use TOWS if -

� a warning is being given all the time because of a stationary or slowmoving train, or

� an ATWS is in use at your site.

TOWS will not give a warning if the approaching train -

� has passed a signal at danger, or

� is making a movement not controlled by a signal, for example a‘wrong direction’ movement.

Some TOWS do not give warnings of all train movements. Details areusually provided on or near the controls. In this case you might need toappoint lookouts as well as using the system. Also, make sure thesystem provides enough warning time.

Examples of TOWS controls and (right) a warning siren

7.12

Your safe system7

51

i


SIGNPOST

�

52

Your safe system7

After switching on the TOWS, don’t leave the position of safety until thesafe tone is heard - this is a sound made every 2-7 seconds to confirmthat the TOWS is working properly.

When a continuous warning is heard, a train is approaching. The groupmust go to the position of safety straight away and stay there until thewarning has stopped and the safe tone starts again.

Assume the system has failed if -

� no train appears within a reasonable time after a continuous warningis heard, or

� there is no sound at all from the TOWS.

In either case keep the group in the position of safety whilst you find outwhat has happened and, if necessary, set up a different safe system.

Inform the signaller if you think the TOWS has failed.




Using lookouts

Make sure each lookout -

� wears an armlet on their left arm or badge on theirupper body with ‘lookout’ in red letters on a whitebackground

� is not distracted and has no other duties

7.13

LOOKOUT


SIGNPOST

�

53

Your safe system7

i

and has with them -

� their Sentinel card, including in-date PTS and lookout qualifications

� a card giving their qualifications for any special equipment they willbe required to use, such as LOWS

� a whistle or horn

� a red flag or, in darkness or poor visibility, a handlamp which canshow a red light

� a blue and white chequered flag if required

� at least six, in-date detonators, and

� on lines with track circuits, a track circuit operating clip.

As the COSS you cannot also act as lookout even if you meet all therequirements listed above.

Tell each lookout the direction(s) from which trains will approach andwho they have to warn. Make sure each lookout is positioned in thesafest possible place and can clearly see the required sighting distanceor other lookouts, as necessary.

Looking out requires total concentration and can be a tiring job. Youshould monitor each lookout carefully and provide rest breaks or arelief at regular intervals.

Make sure their mobile phone and other similar equipment is switched off.

� if you are going to use LOWS read on, otherwise go to Section 7.15.


SIGNPOST

�

54

Your safe system7

Using a Lookout Operated Warning System

If your group is to be warned by a Lookout Operated Warning System,known as LOWS, the equipment must be operated by specially trainedlookouts working from a position of safety.

Some LOWS equipment has to be installed before it can be used. This isa work activity in itself and a safe system must be provided.

LOWS can give warnings in several different ways depending on thesystem in use. These include flashing lights, sirens and personalwarning equipment worn by each member of the workgroup.

Examples of LOWS warning equipment and (right) a warning trigger switch

When a warning is given either a train is approaching or, rarely, thesystem might have failed. The group must go to the position of safetystraight away.

If the relevant trains pass, the warning stops and the site is safe, you canallow work to restart.

If no train appears within a reasonable time, assume the system hasfailed. Keep the group in the position of safety whilst you find out whathas happened and, if necessary, set up a different safe system.




7.14

i


55

Your safe system7

The different roles of a lookout

Site lookouts

Position at least one site lookout to warn the group of approaching trains.You will need to decide how many site lookouts are required, tell eachone who they are going to warn and make sure they can see thesepeople clearly. Also choose a method of warning, such as whistle or horn.

Lookouts at noisy sites

If the site is noisy and the group might not hear a normal warning, youwill have to make different arrangements.

Some noisy equipment has a built-in warning system, usually allowingspecially trained lookouts to turn the equipment off with a remoteswitch. Use it if available.

Otherwise the lookout(s) must warn the relevant group members bytouch. These are known as touch lookouts.

Extra lookouts and Pee Wee

If you cannot see the required sighting distance from the site, you willneed to appoint extra lookouts.

Position a distant lookout far enough from the site to see the requiredsighting distance.

If the equipment is available and the lookouts are trained to use it, use aPee Wee system to communicate between the distant lookout andthose on site.

Installing Pee Wee is a work activity in itself and a safe system must beprovided.

i

7.15


Examples of sites with distant and intermediate lookouts -

Your safe system7

56

Otherwise, when a train approaches, the distant lookout must wavetheir chequered flag. The lookout(s) on site will then warn the groupand acknowledge.

If the distant lookout might not be seen clearly if they were far enoughaway to see the required sighting distance, position an intermediatelookout between the distant lookout and the site.

When the distant lookout waves their chequered flag, the intermediatelookout must wave theirs. The lookout(s) on site will then warn thegroup and acknowledge.

Make sure distant and intermediate lookouts stay in a position of safetyunless the site is moving and they need to get around an obstruction.

Be aware, you cannot use -

� more than one intermediate lookout in any one direction, or

� more than four distant and intermediate lookouts in total.


SIGNPOST

�

If more lookouts would be needed, use a different safe system for your site.

Using lookouts in darkness or poor visibility

Lookouts can only be used in darkness or poor visibility if -

� they are assisted by LOWS or Pee Wee, or

� the maximum speed at which a train could approach is 20 mph andno distant lookouts are needed, or

� your site is within a worksite and the Engineering Supervisor hasagreed that trains will not move faster than 20 mph.




7.16

Your safe system7

57


58

Working on lines with OLE8

Assume that overhead line equipment, known as OLE, is live anddangerous.

Work can take place with the electricity still on but only if you are certainthat no member of your group or anything they are using will go within2.75 metres (9 feet) of any live parts of the OLE. If this is not possible, theelectricity must be switched off and the relevant parts of the OLE isolated.

In some situations, work can take place within 2.75 metres (9 feet) oflive OLE but only if a special safe system of work has been approvedbeforehand.

Isolations are usually pre-planned and can only be carried out by aNominated Person, known as an NP.

You cannot start work until the NP has confirmed -

� which parts of the OLE have been isolated and are safe to approach

� which parts, if any, are still live and dangerous

� the limits within which it is safe to work

� the type of work which can be carried out, and

� the time by which your work must be finished.

The NP will then give you an Overhead Line Permit, known as a Form C,which you both need to sign. Keep it with you until the work is finishedor another COSS takes over from you.

Remember, non-electric trains and on-track plant could still approacheven with the overhead line isolated.

i

!


SIGNPOST

�

59

Working on lines with OLE8

� if there are conductor rails at the site go to Section 9,otherwise go to Section 10.

A typical overhead line structure with the live parts highlighted in red.


60

Working on lines with conductor rails9

Assume conductor rails, sometimes known as third rails, are live anddangerous.

Take extra care in wet conditions. Standing water, such as a puddle,could be live if it is in contact with a conductor rail.

Work can take place with the electricity still on but only if -

� insulated tools, equipment, shrouds or troughing and theappropriate PPE are used as necessary, and

� you are certain that no member of your group or anything they areusing might touch a live rail.

If this is not possible, the electricity must be switched off and therelevant conductor rails isolated.

Never put a trolley onto a line with a live conductor rail.

Isolations are usually pre-planned and, depending on whether apossession has been taken, can only be carried out by an EngineeringSupervisor or authorised person.

You cannot start work until they have confirmed -

� which conductor rails have been isolated and which, if any, are stilllive and dangerous

� the limits within which it is safe to work, and

� the time by which your work must be finished.

The ES or authorised person will then give you a Conductor Rail Permitwhich you both need to sign. Keep it with you until the work is finishedor another COSS takes over from you.

Remember, non-electric trains and on-track plant could still approacheven with the conductor rails isolated.

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61

Working on lines with conductor rails9

An electrified line with a ‘third rail’. This system is

used on many lines in Southern England

and Merseyside. The live rail is

highlighted in red.

An electrified line with a third and fourth rail. This

system is usually found around London,

on lines used by Underground trains.

The live rails are highlighted in red.


Sentinel cards

Before starting work, make sure each member of your group has withthem a valid Sentinel card. Their PTS, including AC and DC if necessary,together with medical and other relevant qualifications must be in-dateand listed on the card.

Contact the NCCA (National Competency Control Agency) to check -

� any Sentinel card which is damaged or unreadable, and

� any temporary card.

The NCCA’s phone number is 0870 162 7979.

Track Visitor Permits

If it has been agreed that a non-PTS holder can go onto the railway, youmight be asked to issue a Track Visitor Permit. In this case the visitor must -

� give you a letter telling you that their visit onto the railway has beenapproved

� be briefed by you on the safe system

� sign and keep the Track Visitor Permit, and

� stay with you at all times.

Track visitors are only allowed to work in green zones.

10.1

Checking qualifications10

62

10.2

i


63

Briefing your group11

Before starting work, make sure each member of your group fullyunderstands the safe system.

You will need to tell the group -

� the nature and location of the work

� the approved access point and route to site

� the limits of the site and how they are defined

� the lines at the site together with the maximum speed at which trainsare allowed to travel and their direction

� which lines have been blocked and which remain open

� the best means of contacting the signaller, nearest A&E hospital, theemergency services and, if necessary, the electrical control operator

� information about site hazards, such as electrification equipment,buried services or poor cess conditions

� whether any lines are electrified and which parts are isolated or live

� the method of green or red zone working, both for the job itself andgetting to and from site.

For green zone working, also tell the group -

� the safe limits of the green zone and how they are defined, and

� where relevant, who the site warden(s) is and their method of warning.

For red zone working, also tell the group -

� where the position of safety is

� the method of warning, and

� where relevant, who the site and touch lookouts are, and where theyare positioned.


64

Briefing your group11

If the safe system uses a site warden, warning system or lookout, testthe warning to make sure everyone receives it properly.

Make sure each member of the group confirms they understand thesafe system by signing side 2 of the COSS form and recording theirSentinel card number and role on site. You must also sign the form.

You can now allow work to start.

i


Checking the safe system

As the COSS it is your job to make sure that the group is not put in dangerby trains. Carry out your duties until the work is finished and everyone iswell clear of the line, or you are replaced by another COSS.

Keep checking that the safe system is good enough, especially if the siteis moving or something changes such as the weather.

If you need to alter the safe system, stop the work straight away andmake sure everyone is within the green zone or, if a red zone is in use, aposition of safety.

Work can only start again after the group has been briefed and everyonefully understands the new arrangements.

When a train is approaching

When a warning is given that a train is approaching, everyone in thegroup must stop work straight away and, if they are not already there, goto the position of safety.

Site and touch lookouts must give an urgent warning if anyone does notmove immediately.

Take tools and materials to the position of safety unless you are certainthat they are too heavy to be moved by the slipstream of the train andthey are well clear of the line.

12.1

During the work12

65

12.2


Each member of the group has to stand still and acknowledge anywarning from the lookout(s) or train driver by raising their arm. Stay inthe position of safety until you have confirmed that no other trains areapproaching and it is safe for work to start again.

When a site warden gives a warning

If a site warden warns someone that they are straying beyond the safelimits of the green zone, the person must move back into the greenzone straight away. The site warden must give an urgent warning if theydo not move immediately.

Find out why the person strayed. Perhaps the green zone is not big enoughfor the work, in which case you will need to review the safe system.

Updating the signaller

If you have taken a line blockage, keep the signaller informed aboutprogress with the work especially if there are problems and you mightnot be able to give up the blockage on time.

Change of COSS

If there is to be a change of COSS, the COSS going off duty has to makesure the new COSS fully understands the safe system, including thearrangements for any T2 or electrical isolation.

The COSS going off duty must also -

� tell the group who the new COSS is

12.3

During the work12

66

12.4

12.5

i


�

67

During the work12

and, where relevant -

� complete Part E of the T2 form and give the form to the new COSSwho then tells the signaller that they are taking over

� complete Part 2 of the Overhead Line Permit and give the permit tothe new COSS who then tells the Nominated Person that they aretaking over

� complete Part 2 of the Conductor Rail Permit (Procedure A) and givethe permit to the new COSS who then tells the EngineeringSupervisor that they are taking over

� complete Part 2 of the Conductor Rail Permit (Procedure B), tell theauthorised person who is taking over and give the permit to thenew COSS

� tell the PC who is taking over

� sign out on the Engineering Supervisor’s certificate.

No change of COSS is allowed if the work is taking place in a T12.

Using a trolley

If a trolley is being used in a T2, the person in charge of it must make sure -

� the gradient of the line is not steeper than 1 in 50

� a red flag or, in darkness or poor visibility, a red light is displayed on thetrolley in clear view of any train approaching in the normal direction

� the trolley is properly loaded and does not foul any open line

� the brakes are in good order

� at least two people control the trolley’s movement, with one of themin charge of the brake, and

� nobody rides on the trolley.

As the COSS, it’s your job to make sure the person in charge of thetrolley understands these responsibilities.

12.6

!


During the work12

68

Changing the arrangements for a T2

Sometimes, if there is a need to run trains, you might be asked to changethe limits of your T2 during the work but only if -

� the details have been agreed in advance and published in theWeekly Operating Notice, or

� in an emergency, the change is agreed by the Network Rail AreaOperations Manager.

If a worksite is to be given up

If you are working in an Engineering Supervisor’s worksite but the ESneeds to give it up, you can continue with your work as long as you -

� sign out on the Engineering Supervisor’s certificate, and

� set up a safe system which does not rely on the worksite protectionarrangements.

12.7

12.8


SIGNPOST

�

69

When the work is finished13

Make sure your safe system remains in place until -

� the work is finished or suspended, and

� everyone is well clear of the line.

Take away all your tools, equipment and materials or make sure they areproperly secured, including the wheels of any trolley you have been using.

Where relevant, also -

� make sure all Track Visitor Permits are returned to you

� turn off the TOWS as long as nobody else is using it

� sign out on the Engineering Supervisor’s certificate.

� if you have an electrical permit go to Section 14

� if a line blockage has been taken but you do not have an electricalpermit go to Section 15

�otherwise job done.


SIGNPOST

�

70

Giving back electrical permits14

Before giving back an electrical permit, tell everyone in your group totreat all electrification equipment as live.

If the OLE has been isolated -

� sign Part 3 of the Overhead Line Permit and give it back to theNominated Person

If conductor rails have been isolated -

� sign Part 3 of the Conductor Rail Permit and give it back to theEngineering Supervisor or authorised person, as appropriate.

All electrification equipment is now live.

� if a line blockage has been taken go to Section 15,otherwise job done.


SIGNPOST

�

SIGNPOST

�

Telling your group

Before giving up a line blockage, tell everyone in your group to treat alllines as open and assume trains might approach on any line at any time.

� if you are working in a T2 shared by other groups go to Section 15.3

� if you have taken a T2 go to Section 15.4

� if you have taken a T12 read on.

T12

When your work is finished and the line is clear, contact the signaller toarrange for the T12 to be given up. Tell them your authority number andcomplete Part B of the T12 form.

The T12 has now been given up, all lines are open and trains mightapproach at any time.

� job done.

15.1

Giving up a line blockage15

71

15.2


SIGNPOST

�

72


Shared T2s

When your work is finished or the T2 is to be suspended to allow a trainto pass, make sure that the line is clear and safe for trains to run beforethe blockage is given up.

Having done so, tell the Protection Controller that the line is clear andsafe, and you no longer need the protection arrangements.

Assume that the T2 has now been given up, all lines are open and trainsmight approach at any time.

� job done.

T2

When your work is finished or the T2 is to be suspended to allow a trainto pass, make sure that the line is clear and safe for trains to run beforethe blockage is given up.

Having done so, tell the signaller -

� your authority number

� that the line is clear and safe, and

� you no longer need the protection arrangements.

The signaller will then ask you to withdraw the protection. Whererelevant, arrange for -

� the red flag or red light at the site to be removed

� the ‘NOT TO BE MOVED’ board, red flag or red light to be removedfrom the stabled train

� level crossings to be returned to normal working, and

� signal post replacement switches to be put back to ‘automatic’

15.4

15.3


SIGNPOST

�

73


and, for a T2A , also -

� remove the TCOD(s) and confirm with the signaller that the trackcircuit then shows ‘clear’

for a T2D -

� arrange for a qualified person to reconnect the signalling equipment

for a T2H -

� arrange for any handsignaller(s), possession limit boards anddetonators to be withdrawn

or, for a T2T on a token worked single line -

� return the token to the signalbox at either end of the section orrestore it at an instrument, as agreed with the signaller.

If the signal box is closed, you can still give up the T2T as long as yourecord the details in the Train Register and place the token on top of it.

No additional action is required, on your part to give up a T2T on anabsolute block or tokenless block line, or a T2X.

Make sure that everyone involved in giving up the T2 is properly protectedparticularly if adjacent lines have remained open during the blockage.

Inform the signaller when all the relevant actions have been taken andcomplete Part G of the T2 form.

The T2 has now been given up, all lines are open and trains mightapproach at any time.

� job done.

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!


Retaking a T2

If you need to retake a T2 after it has been suspended, you will need torepeat all the arrangements for the relevant type of T2, as detailed inSection 6 of this handbook.

The signaller will give you a new authority number each time the T2 isretaken. Record it in Part D of the T2 form.

If the arrangements are changed or the T2 is retaken more than threetimes, a new T2 form will have to be completed.

15.5


74


75

Further help16

Information on Sentinel cards

A Sentinel card lists the holder’s track safety qualifications and importantmedical details. There are many different qualifications but, as a COSS,you might need to know any of the following -

PTS Personal Track Safety for non-electrified lines

PTS AC/DC Personal Track Safety for electrified lines

Code Qualification/information

TRK IND Track induction

LKT Lookout or site warden

LKT (P) Lookout trained to use Pee Wee

LKT (K) Lookout trained to use kango warning equipment

COSS Controller of Site Safety

(P) COSS Probationary COSS

PC Protection Controller

ES Engineering Supervisor

AOD: HS Handsignaller

AOD: LXA Level crossing attendant

AOD: PO Points operator

The card holder must not go on or near the line alone

The card holder does not have normal colour vision

The card holder has only recently passed their first PTS course

Card number Expiry dates

Name of card holder

Qualifications

Other details

CARD EXPIRES: 30/07/06(P)TYPE EXPIRESMEDICAL 26/09/09PTS AC/DC 30/07/06

12907655Tony Clarke


76

Further help16

Checklist to help plan a safe system

This checklist can be used to help plan a safe system or check one whichhas been pre-planned. Be aware, there might be other points you needto consider depending on the location, work or people in your group.

Things to consider Considered�

Information from the Hazard Directory

What is the location of the work?

Is red zone working prohibited at the location?

Information about the site

What is the maximum speed and normal direction of trains at the site?(This information can be found in the Sectional Appendix)

Information about line blockages

Do you need to block any lines? Has a blockage been pre-planned?Is there a reference number? What kind of blockage - T12 or T2A/D/H/T/X?

Are any of the lines electrified? Is an electrical isolation needed?What other arrangements might be needed?

Are there are buried services, such as gas, water or electricity?

Where is the access point and how will the group get to site?

What are the limits of the site and how are they defined?

What hazards are there on site, other than those in the Hazard Directory?Is the cess obstructed? Is there restricted sighting? Are there any limited clearances?Will the work create any hazards, such as smoke or loud noise?

What people or equipment will you need for a T2?T2A : How many TCODs? What type?T2D : Who will disconnect the signalling equipment?T2H : How many handsignallers? Who? What equipment will they need?

What is the nature of the work?

What type of signalling is used on lines at the site?

Do you have a site diagram showing lines, signals and points?

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77

Further help16

Things to consider Considered�Information about your safe system

Do you need a speed restriction? Has a TSR been pre-planned?Who will set it up? What safe system will be needed?

Are you going to set up a safeguarded green zone?

Emergency arrangements

How would you contact the signaller in an emergency?

Are you going to set up a fenced green zone?Will you use a safety barrier, plastic netting or barricade tape?How far will it be from the nearest open line - at least 1.25m or 2m?When will it be put up and by whom? What safe system will be needed?

Are you going to set up a separated green zone?How far will it be from the nearest open line - at least 2m or 3m?How many other people will be in your group - just one or more?Do you need site wardens? How many? Who?

Are you going to set up a red zone?What is the required warning time and sighting distance?Where is the position of safety? How far away is it?How long will it take the group to get there? How will the warning be given?Is single line working in operation? Will there be any wrong direction movements?

Will the warning be given by an ATWS?What type of ATWS will be used? Who will operate it? For a fixed system, will itprovide the required warning time? For a portable system, when will it be set upand by whom? What safe system will be needed?

Will the warning be given by LOWS?What type of LOWS will be used? Who will operate it?How many lookouts will be needed? Who are they?How will it be set up and by whom? Will a safe system be needed?

Will the warning be given by lookouts?How many lookouts will be needed? Who are they?Are you also going to use Pee Wee? Who will operate it?When will it be set up and by whom? What safe system will be needed?

Will the warning be given by TOWS?Will it give the required warning time and warn of all necessary train movements?

What are the contact numbers for the relevant signal boxes,electrical control rooms and Network Rail Operations Control?What is the contact number for the nearest hospital with anAccident and Emergency Department?Do you have a precise location for your site to help the emergencyservices find you?


Further help16

78

Sighting Distance Chart (in metres)

MaximumSpeed

125 mph

15 secs

Sighting distance, in metres (m), needed to give a warning time of

20 secs 25 secs 30 secs 35 secs 40 secs 45 secs

900m 1200m 1400m 1700m 2000m 2300m 2600m

120 mph 900m 1100m 1400m 1650m 1900m 2200m 2500m

115 mph 800m 1100m 1300m 1550m 1800m 2100m 2400m

110 mph 800m 1000m 1300m 1500m 1800m 2000m 2300m

105 mph 800m 1000m 1200m 1450m 1700m 1900m 2200m

100 mph 700m 900m 1200m 1350m 1600m 1800m 2050m

95 mph 650m 850m 1100m 1300m 1500m 1700m 1950m

90 mph 650m 850m 1050m 1250m 1450m 1700m 1850m

85 mph 600m 800m 950m 1150m 1350m 1600m 1750m

80 mph 550m 750m 900m 1100m 1300m 1500m 1650m

75 mph 550m 700m 850m 1050m 1200m 1400m 1550m

70 mph 500m 650m 800m 950m 1100m 1300m 1450m

65 mph 450m 600m 750m 900m 1050m 1200m 1350m

60 mph 450m 550m 700m 850m 950m 1100m 1250m

55 mph 400m 500m 650m 750m 900m 1000m 1150m

50 mph 340m 500m 600m 680m 800m 900m 1050m

45 mph 320m 420m 520m 620m 720m 820m 920m

40 mph 280m 360m 460m 540m 640m 720m 820m

35 mph 240m 320m 400m 480m 560m 640m 720m

30 mph 220m 280m 340m 420m 480m 540m 620m

25 mph 180m 240m 280m 340m 400m 460m 520m

20 mph 140m 180m 240m 280m 320m 360m 420m

15 mph 120m 160m 180m 220m 240m 280m 320m

10 mph 80m 100m 120m 140m 160m 180m 220m

5 mph 40m 60m 60m 80m 80m 100m 120m


79

Further help16

Sighting Distance Chart (in miles and yards)

MaximumSpeed

125 mph

15 secs

Sighting distance, in miles (m) and yards (y), needed to give a warning time of

20 secs 25 secs 30 secs 35 secs 40 secs 45 secs

920y 1240y 1540y 1m80y 1m380y 1m700y 1m1000y

120 mph 12 mile 1180y 1480y 1 mile 1m300y 1m600y 112 mile

115 mph 860y 1140y 1420y 1700y 1m220y 1m500y 1m780y

110 mph 820y 1080y 1360y 1620y 1m140y 1m400y 1m660y

105 mph 780y 1040y 1300y 1540y 1m40y 1m300y 1m560y

100 mph 740y 980y 1240y 1480y 1720y 1m200y 114 mile

95 mph 700y 940y 1180y 1400y 1640y 1m100y 1m340y

90 mph 660y 12 mile 1100y 34 mile 1540y 1 mile 1m220y

85 mph 640y 840y 1040y 1260y 1460y 1680y 1m120y

80 mph 600y 800y 980y 1180y 1380y 1580y 1 mile

75 mph 560y 740y 920y 1100y 1300y 1480y 1660y

70 mph 520y 700y 860y 1040y 1200y 1380y 1540y

65 mph 480y 640y 800y 960y 1120y 1280y 1440y

60 mph 14 mile 600y 740y 12 mile 1040y 1180y 34 mile

55 mph 420y 540y 680y 820y 960y 1080y 1220y

50 mph 380y 500y 620y 740y 860y 980y 1100y

45 mph 340y 14 mile 560y 660y 780y 12 mile 1000y

40 mph 300y 400y 500y 600y 700y 800y 12 mile

35 mph 260y 360y 14 mile 520y 600y 700y 780y

30 mph 220y 300y 380y 14 mile 520y 600y 660y

25 mph 200y 260y 320y 380y 14 mile 500y 560y

20 mph 160y 200y 260y 300y 360y 400y 14 mile

15 mph 120y 160y 200y 220y 260y 300y 340y

10 mph 80y 100y 140y 160y 180y 200y 220y

5 mph 40y 60y 80y 80y 100y 100y 120y

14 mile is 440 yards 34 mile is 1320 yards12 mile is 880 yards 1 miles is 1760 yards

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Further help16

Working out the required warning time

If lookouts are to be used and the available sighting distance is less thanthe required sighting distance in any direction, a distant and possiblyintermediate lookout will be required in that direction.

No more than one intermediate lookout is allowed in any one direction.No more than four distant and intermediate lookouts are allowed in total.

The site cannot be protected by lookouts if -

� the required sighting distance still cannot be achieved

� the required warning time is more than 45 seconds, or

� the required number of lookouts is not available.

Questions DownUpWhat is the maximum speed of trains in mph?(include any speed restriction which has been set upespecially for your work)

What is the available sighting distance from the site?

Things to consider DownUp

How long will be needed to stop work and down tools? secssecs

How long will be needed to reach the position of safety? secssecs

Add 5 seconds if the site lookout will be looking inboth directions

secssecs

Add 5 seconds if a distant lookout will be needed secssecs

Add 5 seconds if an intermediate lookout will be needed secssecs

Total warning time required secssecs

What is the required sighting distance?(use the Sighting Distance Chart)

plus 10 seconds to be in the position of safety beforethe train passes 10 secs10 secs


�

i!

COSS

published by in association with


cosshandbook - shannon rail€¦ · rs/502 : issue 1 (april 2005) controller of site safety...

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