copyright © houghton mifflin company. all rights reserved.4 | 1 parts of solutions solution-...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 1
Parts of Solutions
• Solution- homogeneous mixture.• Solute- what gets dissolved.• Solvent- what does the dissolving.• Soluble- Can be dissolved.• Miscible- liquids dissolve in each other.
![Page 2: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 2
Figure 4.1 The Water Molecule
![Page 3: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 3
Hydration
• The process of breaking the ions of salts apart.
• Ions have charges and are attracted to the opposite charges on the water molecules.
![Page 4: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 4
Figure 4.2 Polar Water Molecules Interact with the Positive and Negative Ions of a Salt
Assisting in the Dissolving Process
![Page 5: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 5
How Ionic solids dissolve
O H
H HO
HHO
HH
O
HH
O
H HOH
H O
HH
O
Click here for Animation
![Page 6: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 6
Solubility
• How much of a substance will dissolve in a given amount of water.
• Usually g/100 mL• Varies greatly, but if they do dissolve the
ions are separated,• and they can move around.• Water can also dissolve non-ionic
compounds if they have polar bonds.
![Page 7: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 7
Figure 4.3a The Ethanol Molecule Contains a Polar O-H Bond Similar to Those in the
Water Molecule
![Page 8: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 8
Figure 4.3b The Polar Water Molecule Interacts Strongly with the Polar-O-H bond in
Ethanol
![Page 9: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 9
Electrolytes
• Electricity is moving charges.• The ions that are dissolved can move.• Solutions of ionic compounds can conduct
electricity.• Solutions are classified three ways.
![Page 10: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 10
Types of solutions
Strong electrolytes- completely dissociate (fall apart into ions).
a) Many ions- Conduct well.
Weak electrolytes- Partially fall apart into ions.
a) Few ions -Conduct electricity slightly.
Non-electrolytes- Don’t fall apart.a) No ions- Don’t conduct.
![Page 11: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 11
Figure 4.4a-c Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions
![Page 12: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 12
Figure 4.5 NaCl Dissolves
![Page 13: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 13
Figure 4.6 HCL is Completely Ionized
![Page 14: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 14
Figure 4.7 An Aqueous Solution of Sodium Hydroxide
![Page 15: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 15
Figure 4.8 Acetic Acid (HC2H3O2)
![Page 16: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 16
Figure 4.9 The Reaction of NH3 in Water
![Page 17: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 17
Measuring Solutions
• Concentration- how much is dissolved.• Molarity = Moles of solute
Liters of solution• abbreviated M• 1 M = 1 mol solute / 1 liter solution• Calculate the molarity of a solution with
34.6 g of NaCl dissolved in 125 mL of solution.
![Page 18: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 18
Figure 4.10a-c Steps Involved in the Preparation of a Standard Aqueous Solution
![Page 19: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 19
Figure 4.11a-b Measuring Pipets and Volumetric Pipets Measure Liquid Volume
![Page 20: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 20
Figure 4.12a-c A Measuring Pipet is Used to Add Acetic Solution to a Volumetric Flask
![Page 21: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 21
Figure 4.14 a&b Reactant Solutions
![Page 22: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 22
Figure 4.15 a&b The Reaction of K2CrO4 and Ba(NO3)2
![Page 23: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 23
Figure 4.17 Molecular-Level Representations Illustrating the Reaction of KCl (aq) with AgNO3 (aq) to Form AgCl (s)
![Page 24: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 24
Writing Net Ionic Equations
• Strong acids are all written in net ionic form-Binary acids – are all strong (except for HF(aq) ) -Oxyacids-If the number of oxygens exceeds the number of hydrogens by 2 or more they are considered strong.-Polyprotic acids ionize one (1) hydrogen at a time. All subsequent ionizations of acidic hydrogens are considered weak.(except for HSO4(aq) 1- )
H2SO4(aq) → H(aq) 1+ + HSO4(aq) 1-
• Strong bases are all written in ionic form.-Group IA and IIA metal hydroxides are strong bases.
• All weak acids and bases (those not mentioned above) are always written in molecular form.
• Ionic Salts-If soluble-written in ionic form -if insoluble written in molecular/undissociated form.
![Page 25: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 25
Writing Net Ionic Equations
• Oxides are always written in molecular/undissociated form.
• Gases are always written in molecular form.
• Molecular compounds are always written in molecular form.
![Page 26: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 26
Determining the Mass of Product Formed
![Page 27: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 27
Determining the Mass of Product Formed
![Page 28: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 28
Performing Calculations for Acid-Base Reactions
![Page 29: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 29
Neutralization Reactions I
![Page 30: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 30
![Page 31: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 31
![Page 32: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 32
![Page 33: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 33
![Page 34: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 34
![Page 35: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 35
Neutralization Reactions II
![Page 36: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 36
Neutralization Titration
![Page 37: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 37
Figure 4.19 The Reaction of Solid Sodium and Gaseous Chlorine to Form Solid Sodium
Chloride
![Page 38: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 38
Figure 4.20 A Summary of Oxidation-Reduction Process
![Page 39: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 39
The Half-Reaction Method (Acidic Solution)
![Page 40: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 40
The Half-Reaction Method (Basic Solution)
![Page 41: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 41
Figure 4.4a-c Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions
![Page 42: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 42
An Aqueous Solution of Co(NO3)2.
![Page 43: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 43
Figure 4.10 Steps Involved in the Preparation of a Standard Aqueous Solution
![Page 44: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 44
Figure 4.13 Yellow Aqueous Potassium
![Page 45: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 45
Figure 4.14a-b Reactant Solutions
![Page 46: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 46
Figure 4.15c Solution Post-Reaction
![Page 47: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 47
Figure 4.16 Addition of Silver Nitrate to Aqueous Solution of Potassium Chloride
![Page 48: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 48
Figure 4.17 Reaction of KCI(aq) with AgNO3(aq) to form AgCI(s).
![Page 49: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 49
Lead Sulfate
![Page 50: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 50
KOH and Fe(NO3)3 Mix to Create Solid Fe(OH)3.
![Page 51: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 51
Figure 4.18a-c The Titration of an Acid with a Base
![Page 52: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 52
Figure 4.19 The Reaction of Solid Sodium and Gaseous Chlorine to Form Solid Sodium
Chloride
![Page 53: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 53
Oxidation of Copper Metal by Nitric Acid
![Page 54: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 54
Magnetite
![Page 55: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 55
Aluminum and Iodine Mix to Form Aluminum Iodide
![Page 56: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 56
Chocolate
![Page 57: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 57
When Potassium Dichromate Reacts with Ethanol, the Solution Contains Cr3+.
![Page 58: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 58
Table 4.1 Simple Rules for the Solubility of Salts in Water
![Page 59: Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 1 Parts of Solutions Solution- homogeneous mixture. Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent-](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070410/56649ea45503460f94ba8f28/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 4 | 59
Table 4.2 Rules for Assigning Oxidation States