copyright and fair useaces.nmsu.edu/pubs/guidelines/documents/copyright_and_fair_use.pdf · such...

Copyright and Fair Use by

FrankSholedice ExtensionExperimentSta2on Publica2ons AssistantEditor

University Communica2ons and Marke2ng Services New Mexico State University

What iscopyright

Copyrightis the legal rightor ldquoprotec2onrdquo granted to the author or creator of an original workmdashbooks ar2cles images songs The copyrightowner has the exclusive rightto copy distribute or adapttheir work

If you wantto reproduce or adapt copyrighted work you mustgetpermission from the copyrightholder with two excep2ons public domain works and fair use

acesnmsuedupubs bull twiLercomNMExtensionPubs bull facebookcomNMSUExtExpStnPubs

  

PublicDomain

Public domain works are not protected under copyright bull US Governmentworks bull Works published in US before1923

Even with no copyrightprotec0on you should s0ll citea8ribute publicdomain works Never try to pass off someone elsersquos work as your own


Fair Use

What isfairuseAn excep2on to copyrightlaw thatallows for reproduc2on of copyrighted works for certain purposes If you determine thatyour use of acopyrighted work is ldquofair userdquo you do notneed to getpermission from the copyrightholdermdashbutyou should s2ll cite the source

How is fair use determined By judging each use on four factors Purpose Nature Amount and MarketEffect These are the same factors the courts use when deciding issues of copyrightinfringement


Fair Use Factors PurposeYour purpose in using the work instruc2on research personal transforma2ve reproduc2on for profit non profit Educa2onal non profituse favors fair use butdoesnot guarantee it

Nature The nature of the copyrighted work published unpublished factual crea2ve ar2s2c ldquoconsumablerdquo (eg atestor form)

Amount How much of the copyrighted work do you intend to reproduce use

Market Effect How will your use affectthe marketfor the original work


Fair Use Factors For Against

Purpose instruc2on research personal commentcri2cism

any commercial use publica2on public distribu2on

transforma2ve

Nature published work factual unpublished work crea2ve non-fic2on ar2s2c work consumable

Amount excerpt clip por2on en2reworkorif por2on used is the ldquoheartof the workrdquo

Market Effect one or afew copies no market hurts market license is in place impact s2mulates market no mul2ple copies notfor license educa2on repeated use


Fair Use Example Reproducing a photograph from a website in your conference poster

Fair use

PurposePoster will be displayed and posted on conference website (public distribu2on) (-)PurposeNO

Nature Published photo (+) crea2ve work (-) Nature MAYBE

Amount En2re photo will be reproduced (-) Amount NO

Market Effect Depends on photo butprobably no marketimpact(+) poten2al repeated use if poster is used displayed or posted elsewhere (-) MarketEffect YESMAYBE


 

 

 

 

 

Fair Use bull Reproducing photos in your conference poster does NOT qualify as fair use We mustalways seek permission to reproduce something unless itis in the public domain Other materials may be different so always use the four factors to determine fair use However publica2on for public distribu2on will always weigh againstfair use

bull Using materials in apresenta2on workshop or training session favors fair use (as long as the materials are notpublished or otherwise distributed) buts2ll judge each use with the four factors

bull Documentyour aLempts to find copyrightholder and secure permission

bull ALWAYS citeaLribute sources of copyright-protected and public domain works

bull When in doubt obtain permission


What about text Academic writers frequently quote textfrom other writers withoutsecuring permission Why is this OK

Such use is almostalways considered fair use because itis for the purpose of research or commentcri2cism the work being reproduced is public and factual (eg journal ar2cles) the por2on of the copyrighted work thatis reproduced is usually small and the effecton the marketfor the original work is low to non-existent S2ll you should always provide acita2on when reproducing any copyrighted work


 

 

 

Quickand easy ways to determine copyrightstatus

bull If you use Google Image Search you can search for images with specific licenses including licenses thatallow for reproduc2on On the Google Image search page click on ldquoAdvanced searchrdquo On the Advanced Image Search page click the ldquoUsage Rightsrdquo drop down menu

bull Some websites have apage thatexplains how images and other material on the site may be used Eg hLpwwwbugwoodorgImageUsagehtml

bull If you canrsquotfind any informa2on on the copyrightstatus assume thatthe material is copyrighted In this case you need to seek permission from the copyrightholder


   

 

ObtainingPermission Obtaining permission to reproduce acopyrighted source is as simple as sending an email

In your email provide the following informa2on bull Your contactinforma2on bull Your purpose in reproducing the work bull How the work will be reproduced (eg in apublica2on in aposter

on awebsite) bull A link copy or descrip2on of the work you wish to reproduce

Finally be sure to expressly ask for permission to reproduce the work

If the copyrightholder specifies away to cite their work be sure to follow their request


Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 

Sourcesof public domainorcopyright-freeimages

bull Wikipediapublic domain image resources hLpenwikipediaorgwikiPublic_domain_image_resources

bull Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health hLpbugwoodorg

bull US Fish amp WildlifeServicehLpimagesfwsgov

bull NOAA Photo Library hLpwwwphotolibnoaagov

bull Crea2ve Commons hLpcrea2vecommonsorg


What iscopyright

Copyrightis the legal rightor ldquoprotec2onrdquo granted to the author or creator of an original workmdashbooks ar2cles images songs The copyrightowner has the exclusive rightto copy distribute or adapttheir work

If you wantto reproduce or adapt copyrighted work you mustgetpermission from the copyrightholder with two excep2ons public domain works and fair use


  

PublicDomain




Fair Use












transforma2ve






Fair use






 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 








  

PublicDomain




Fair Use












transforma2ve






Fair use






 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 








Fair Use












transforma2ve






Fair use






 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 
















transforma2ve






Fair use






 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 









Fair use






 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 








 

 

 

 

 










 

 

 






   

 







Example Request


Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 








Permission Granted


 

 

 

 

 








copyright and fair useaces.nmsu.edu/pubs/guidelines/documents/copyright_and_fair_use.pdf · such...

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