copyright © 2011 american college of sports medicine exercise and sport nutrition chapter 6

Copyright © 2011 American College of Sports Medicine

Exercise and Sport NutritionExercise and Sport Nutrition

Chapter 6


What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?

• Promotion of optimal intake of nutrients for tissue maintenance, repair, and growth and for providing the body with sufficient energy without an excess energy intake

• Optimal nutrient intake can:

– Reduce the risk of disease conditions

– Enhance sport and athletic performance


What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?• The relationship between nutritional intake and several

disease conditions


What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?What is Exercise and Sport Nutrition?


Development of Nutrition for HealthDevelopment of Nutrition for Health

• Early influences

– Experiments lead to an understanding of proper iron and protein intake

– Development of procedures for measuring energy expenditure

• Recent influences

– Epidemiological studies such as Framingham Heart Study and NHANES

– Formation of the American Dietetic Association (ADA)


Development of Nutrition for HealthDevelopment of Nutrition for Health


Development of Nutrition for SportDevelopment of Nutrition for Sport

• Early influences

– Importance of consumption of protein and carbohydrate for improved performance

• Recent influences

– Development of the muscle biopsy procedure

– Performance enhancement following consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements


Nutrients for Health and PerformanceNutrients for Health and Performance


Nutrients for Health and PerformanceNutrients for Health and Performance• Complex carbohydrates


Nutrients for Health and PerformanceNutrients for Health and Performance

• Different sources of dietary protein


Measuring Nutritional IntakeMeasuring Nutritional Intake

• Dietary Recall

– Individual reports intake over the previous 24-hour period

• Dietary Record

– Individual records the types and amounts of foods consumed over a time period (e.g. 3 or 7 days)


Measuring Nutritional IntakeMeasuring Nutritional Intake


Nutrition for HealthNutrition for Health

• Epidemiology studies have demonstrated relationships between diet and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and certain forms of cancer

• Nutritional programs

– D.A.S.H.

– Fruits & Veggies More Matters

– We Can!

– FRESH START



• Dietary Guidelines for Health

– Updated every 5 years

– USDA Food Guide

– Dietary reference intake (DRI)


Current Nutritional Issues for HealthCurrent Nutritional Issues for Health

• Role of macronutrient content on weight management

• Development of educational strategies for promoting healthy eating

• Role of high glycemic index foods on disease risk

• Vitamin and mineral supplements in preventing chronic disease

• Herbal supplements and health and disease risk


Nutrition for Sport and Athletic PerformanceNutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance

• Carbohydrate Intake

– Blood glucose and muscle glycogen provide energy for exercise

– Important during moderate to high intensity exercise

– Sufficient carbohydrate intake is necessary to:

• Replenish muscle glycogen levels following training

• Create an anabolic environment that promotes muscle repair and protein synthesis



• Consumption of adequate amounts and types of protein is important for ensuring the optimal performance

• Probably best to consume protein in several meals throughout the day

– amino acids are readily available to the body tissues for continued protein synthesis

• Processed protein supplements are used by athletes as an economical and convenient source of dietary protein


Nutrition for Sport and Athletic PerformanceNutrition for Sport and Athletic Performance• Factors affecting daily protein requirements



• Vitamin and Mineral Intake

– Vitamins play important roles in energy production and tissue metabolism

– Minerals are important component of metabolic reactions in the body (e.g. energy production and muscle contraction)



• Hydration Status and Fluid Replacement

– Loss of 2% of total body water can impact performance

– Electrolytes are lost predominately in sweat

– Reduction in electrolytes can impair performance



• Ergogenic aids

– Substances that improve performance during training or competition

– Biomechanical

– Nutritional

– Pharmacologic

– Physiologic

– Psychological


SummarySummary

• Exercise and sport nutrition can be used to enhance health, reduce the risk for disease, and improve sport and athletic performance.

copyright © 2011 american college of sports medicine exercise and sport nutrition chapter 6

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