copyright © 2010, 2006 pearson education, inc. prepared by darrell g. mullins salisbury university...

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

HUMAN COMMUNICATION IN SOCIETY

BY JESS K. ALBERTS, THOMAS K. NAKAYAMA AND JUDITH N. MARTIN

Prepared by Darrell G. Mullins Salisbury University

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:• Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;• Any rental, lease or lending of the program.

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CHAPTER 10:COMMUNICATING IN

ORGANIZATIONS

So much of what we call management consists of making it difficult for people to work.

Peter Drucker

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Overview of Themes The Importance of Organizational

Communication Defining Organizational Communication Organizational Communication and the

Individual The Individual, Organizational

Communication and Society Ethics and Organizational Communication Improving Your Organizational

Communication SkillsCopyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

“Even if you don’t think of yourself as a member of any organizations, they shape your life, in more and less obvious ways”.

The Importance of Organizational Communication

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.Comstock/Jupiterimages 4

Organizations Impact You

Your life is shaped by organizations every day.

Legislative bodies make laws/regulations. Educational institutions create “knowledge.” Religious groups influence moral beliefs. Business corporations influence

governments, education, and international relations.

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. 5

You Impact Organizations

As an employee with ideas As a constituent with a vote As a volunteer in control of your own time


Defining Organizational Communication


“…communication scholars argue that communication constitutes organizations. It enables or creates them”

Carin Baer/© AMC/Courtesy: Everett Collection

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What Is Organizational Communication?

Organizations are the set of interactions that members of groups use to accomplish their individual and common goals.

Communication Functions Production Maintenance

Communication Structure Downward Upward Horizontal Formal Informal


Types of Organizations (by function)

Societal—serves a particular social function Integration―manage social conflicts or

problems Political―generate and distribute resources

(power) Pattern Maintenance―perform learning and

expressive functions Economic Production―delivery of products

or services to maximize profit


Organizational Culture

We can understand an organization through its values and practices.

Beliefs and values are both explicit and implicit.

Culture acts as the “personality” of the organization.

Communication practices are designed to integrate new members (employees) into the organization’s culture.


Alice Dunsany

Added "acts"

Alice Dunsany

Added "are"

“It is important to be familiar with guidelines for how you might perform these types of communication most successfully.”

Organizational Communication and the Individual


Mary Haggerty/ The New York Times/Redux

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Types of Organizational Communication-Assimilation

Entering the Organization: Organizational Identification, Organizational Culture, Anticipatory Socialization

The Encounter Stage: Active Strategies, Passive Strategies, Interactive Strategies

Metamorphosis: Familiarity, Organization, Acculturation, Recognition, Involvement, Job Competency, Role Negotiation


Types of Organizational CommunicationSupervisor-Subordinate Communication

Semantic-Information Distance Information/Understanding Gaps Upward Distortion

Perceptual Co-Orientation Successful Supervisor-Subordinate

Communication Openness Supportive Motivation Empowerment Ingratiation


Types of Organizational Communication Communicating With Coworkers

Horizontal Communication Formal/Profession Informal/Personal Supervisors can encourage effective

coworker communication


Types of Organizational Communication-Conflict Management A Process Over Time Ambiguous/Chaotic Types of Conflict Issues

Task/Cognitive Socio-emotional/Affective

Conflict Management Strategies Competing/Dominating Collaborating/Problem-Solving Compromising Accommodating/Obliging Avoiding


Conflict Management Continued

Stages of Organizational Conflict, a Contingency Approach Discussion Stage Polarization Segregation Survival


Organizational Dilemmas

Emotion Labor Requirement to display specific emotions Emotional display rules

Stress/Burnout Emotional exhaustion Lack of sense of personal accomplishment Depersonalization Role conflict/confusion/ambiguity

Work-Life Conflict Balance issues Pressure to prioritize work


“…organizations and the societies in which they are located exert influence upon each other and the individuals within them.”

The Individual, Organizational Communication, and Society


The Impact of Historical and Social Forces on Organizations

Scientific Management Time and Motion Studies Human Relations Human Resources General Systems Theory Globalization


The Impact of Organizations on Individuals and Society

The New Social Contract Contingent Workers Urgent Organizations Blurred Boundaries Between Home and

Work


Organizations, Communication, and Power

Bullying Sexual Harassment Employee Privacy and Monitoring


“From debates over drug tests, affirmative action, and the high salaries of CEOs who lead failing companies, to outrage over business scandals in corporations such as AIG and Madoff Investment Securities, U.S. Americans are paying more attention to business ethics than perhaps ever before.”

Ethics and Organizational Communication


Index Open/PhotosToGo

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Alice Dunsany

A lot of the graphics seem stretched and/or low quality. Can they be replaced or improved?

Approaches to Organizational Ethics

Contrasting Perspectives Individual Perspective Communal Perspective

Ethical Communication Challenges Layoffs Corporate Image The Role of Ethics in Corporate Mission and

Values

How Communication Features in Organizational Ethics


“One of the most useful communication skills that you can develop is the ability to negotiate effectively.”

Improving Your Organizational Communication


20th Century Fox /Redin, Van/The Kobal Collection

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Negotiating and Bargaining

Negotiation Skills Create a best-case scenario. Create a fallback position. Create a BATNA. Decide on a walk-away point.


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