copyright © 2007 by allyn & bacon chapter 3 teaching students with learning disabilities or...

Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 3

Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders


IDEA Definition of Learning Disabilities

Student does not achieve commensurate with his or her age and ability in one or more several specific areas when provided with appropriate learning

experiences

– The student has participated in but does not respond adequately to a scientific, research-based intervention. (RTI)


Learning Disabilities Definition (continued)

Oral Expression

Listening Comprehension

Written Expression

Basic Reading Skills

Reading Comprehension

Mathematics Calculation

Mathematics Reasoning


Definition of Specific Learning Disability (continued)

Discrepancy between achievement and ability is NOT primarily the result of:– Visual, hearing or motor disability– Mental retardation– Emotional disturbance– Environmental, cultural, or economic

disadvantage


Characteristics of Students with LD

Most students with LD seem more different than alike.– Overriding characteristics:

Unexpected difficulty or low performance in one or more academic areas

Ineffective or inefficient information processing or learning strategies in the area(s) of difficulty


Types of Learning Disabilities

Dyslexia– Severe difficulty in learning to read, particularly with

decoding and spelling

Dysgraphia– Severe difficulty learning to write, including handwriting

Dyscalculia– Severe disability in learning mathematical concepts and

computation


Learning Disabilities: Dyslexia

From student final PPt presentation, used with permission


Instructional StrategyFrom Student final PPt presentation, with permission

Multi-sensory instruction, especially kinesthetic, Reading a variety of texts Alternative presentations Assistive technology Extra time for assignments


Learning Disabilities & Dyscalculia


Instructional Strategies From Student final PPt presentation, with permission

Use visuals and key words

Use a multisensory approach: free math songs

http://www.kidsknowit.com/educational-songs/index.php?topic=Math

http://www.songsforteaching.com


Why the Increase in the Prevalence of Learning Disabilities? (Hallahan, 1992; Lerner, 2001)

Growing public awareness of LD

Greater social acceptance

Limited alternatives for other students at-risk

Social and cultural influences on central nervous system integrity

Increasing needs for literacy at work and daily life


Instructional Strategies and Accommodations for Students with LD

No one approach is relevant for all students Provide overview of lesson or unit Use Visuals (I.e., overhead projector) Organize learning activities and working groups Relate the learning to the students’ daily lives Use Advance Organizers Be creative and humorous


Common Practices that increaseAcademic Success of Students with LD

Use “Best Teaching Practices”

Direct instruction

Cognitive strategies

memory

organization

self-questioning

copyright © 2007 by allyn & bacon chapter 3 teaching students with learning disabilities or...

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